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Söder J, Roman E, Berndtsson J, Lindroth K, Bergh A. Effects of a physical exercise programme on bodyweight, body condition score and chest, abdominal and thigh circumferences in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:299. [PMID: 38971722 PMCID: PMC11227157 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the effects of physical exercise on canine body composition is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a physical exercise programme on bodyweight, body condition score (BCS) and chest, abdominal and thigh circumferences in dogs. Twenty-one healthy dogs of different breeds exercised together with their owners during an eight-week programme consisting of jogging and strength exercises. Standardised measurements were performed in triplicates with a measuring tape on standing dogs. Chest circumference was measured at three anatomical locations, abdomen at two and thigh at one. Data on bodyweight, BCS (9-point scale) and circumferences were analysed with mixed model repeated measures analyses to evaluate changes after the programme and effects of target distance. RESULTS Seven dog owners choose a target distance of 2 km and 14 owners choose 5-10 km. Mean BCS decreased (P = 0.007) after the programme (5.1 ± 0.9 vs. 4.7 ± 0.6) but there was no effect of target distance. Almost all chest and abdominal circumference measurements decreased (P ≤ 0.007) with the 2 km group driving the reduction in chest circumference and the 5-10 km group driving the reduction in abdominal circumference. In contrast, thigh circumference (28.8 ± 0.4 vs. 30.2 ± 0.4) increased (P = 0.007) while bodyweight was maintained. There were positive correlations between BCS and abdominal/chest ratios before and after the programme (Pearson correlation; R square ≤ 0.43, P ≤ 0.0012) but the mean ratio remained constant. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated a redistribution between total body fat and muscle mass in body composition of normal weight to slightly overweight dogs after the physical exercise programme. The use of bodyweight alone was not a reliable evaluation method to complement the BCS assessment. However, repeated measurements of chest, abdominal and thigh circumference might aid in the assessment of body composition in dogs performing physical exercise. Further research should include a control group and objective evaluations of total body fat and lean mass, in order to investigate the effectiveness of physical exercise as a freestanding method for decreasing BCS and increasing muscle mass in overweight dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Söder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden.
| | - Erika Roman
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 591, Uppsala, 75124, Sweden
| | - Johanna Berndtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Katrin Lindroth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
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Nascimento D, Azevedo P, Carreira LM. Insights into Atresia Ani Type IV in Felis catus: Preliminary Epidemiolocal Findings Associated with Surgery. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1738. [PMID: 38929357 PMCID: PMC11200850 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atresia Ani (AA) is a rare congenital anomaly in companion animals affecting rectal and anal development. Its incidence in cats remains unreported. This retrospective study aimed to characterize age, body condition, fistula size, and perioperative outcomes in Type IV Atresia Ani (with recto-vaginal fistula) in female cats. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment. Conducted over 2 years, the study included nine female cats diagnosed with Type IV Atresia Ani and recto-vaginal fistula undergoing surgery. Statistical analysis used the R program (version 4.2.1) with Rstudio®® extension. Significant results were observed at a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05. The condition had an incidence of 4.7% among the 192 cats evaluated over a 2-year period. The findings suggest that a body condition score of 3, an age of 3 to 4 weeks, and a fistula length of 1 to 2 mm correlated with better surgical outcomes, reducing the likelihood of fecal incontinence and anal stenosis development, and enhancing defecation awareness during the perioperative period. This study is the first to report the disease incidence in cats undergoing surgery, according to the authors' knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Nascimento
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre—CMVAA, Rua D.ª Francisca da Azambuja Nº9 -9A, 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal; (D.N.); (P.A.)
| | - Pedro Azevedo
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre—CMVAA, Rua D.ª Francisca da Azambuja Nº9 -9A, 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal; (D.N.); (P.A.)
- Faculty of American Laser Study Club—ALSC, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714, USA
| | - L. Miguel Carreira
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre—CMVAA, Rua D.ª Francisca da Azambuja Nº9 -9A, 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal; (D.N.); (P.A.)
- Faculty of American Laser Study Club—ALSC, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714, USA
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, (FMV/ULisboa) Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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3
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Gurung P, Lim J, Kim YW. Preventing High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Related Hepatic Steatosis by Chlorin e6-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:729. [PMID: 38931396 PMCID: PMC11206563 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated hepatic steatosis have become a global concern, posing numerous health hazards. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a unique approach that promotes anti-obesity by releasing intracellular fat. Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-PDT was tested for its anti-obesity properties in male ovariectomized (OVX) beagle dogs, as well as male C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice. The 12 OVX beagles were randomly assigned to one of four groups: high-fat diet (HFD) only, Ce6 only, Ce6 + 10 min of light-emitting diode light (LED) treatment, and Ce6 + 15 min of light treatment. We assessed several parameters, such as body weight, adipose tissue morphology, serum biochemistry, and body fat content analysis by computed tomography (CT) scan in HFD-fed beagle dogs. At the end of the study period, dogs that were treated for 35 days with Ce6 and exposed to LED irradiation (660 nm) either for 10 min (Ce6 + 10 min of light) or for 15 min (Ce6 + 15 min of light) had decreased body weight, including visceral and subcutaneous fats, lower aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) ratios, and a reduction in the area of individual adipocytes with a concomitant increase in the number of adipocytes. Furthermore, C57BL/6 male mice following an HFD diet were effectively treated by Ce6-PDT treatment through a reduction in weight gain and fat accumulation. Meanwhile, Ce6-PDT attenuated hepatocyte steatosis by decreasing the epididymal adipose tissue and balloon degeneration in hepatocytes in HFD-fed Balb/c mice. Taken together, our results support the idea that Ce6-PDT is a promising therapeutic strategy for the recovery of obesity and obesity-related hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (P.G.); (J.L.)
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Gonkowski S, Martín J, Rychlik A, Aparicio I, Santos JL, Alonso E, Makowska K. An evaluation of dogs' exposure to benzophenones through hair sample analysis. J Vet Res 2024; 68:303-312. [PMID: 38947164 PMCID: PMC11210366 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Benzophenones (BPs) are used in various branches of industry as ultraviolet radiation filters, but they pollute the natural environment, penetrate living organisms, and disrupt endocrine balance. Knowledge of the exposure of domestic animals to these substances is extremely scant. The aim of the study was to investigate long-term exposure of companion dogs to BPs and relate this to environmental factors. Material and Methods Hair samples taken from 50 dogs and 50 bitches from under 2 to over 10 years old were analysed for BP content with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results The results revealed that dogs are most often exposed to 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3) and 4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1). Concentration levels of BP-3 above the method quantification limit (MQL) were noted in 100% of the samples and fluctuated from 4.75 ng/g to 1,765 ng/g. In turn, concentration levels of BP-1 above the MQL were noted in 37% of the samples and ranged from <0.50 ng/g to 666 ng/g. Various factors (such as the use of hygiene and care products and the dog's diet) were found to affect BP concentration levels. Higher levels of BP-3 were observed in castrated/spayed animals and in animals that required veterinary intervention more often. Conclusion The results obtained show that the analysis of hair samples may be a useful matrix for biomonitoring BPs in dogs, and that these substances may be toxic to them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Martín
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41011Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrzej Rychlik
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41011Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41011Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41011Sevilla, Spain
| | - Krystyna Makowska
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957Olsztyn, Poland
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Martins CF, Silva L, Soares J, Pinto GS, Abrantes C, Cardoso L, Pires MA, Sousa H, Mota MP. Walk or be walked by the dog? The attachment role. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:684. [PMID: 38438977 PMCID: PMC10913448 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human-animal bond has been recognized as having positive effects on the health and well-being of both humans and pets. The present study aims to explore the influence of attachment on physical activity (PA), lifestyle, and health outcomes of dog owners (DO), highlighting the mutual benefits resulting from the relationship between DO and dogs. METHODS Thirty-eight DO and their dogs participated in this study. Socio-demographic data, the Self-Rated Health (SRH), FANTASTICO Lifestyle Scale, and the Lexington Attachment Pet Scale (LAPS) were assessed. PA was measured in both the DO and the dogs, using an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer in the context of daily routine. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation analyses were performed to examine the associations between LAPS, PA levels, socio-demographic variables, lifestyle behaviors, and SRH. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between the dog owners' light-level PA and the pets' vigorous level of PA (rho = 0.445, p = 0.01). Furthermore, the importance of the pets' health (rho = -0.785, p = 0.02) and the LAPS subscales, namely proximity (rho = 0.358, p = 0.03), and attachment (rho = 0.392, p = 0.01), were related to taking the pet for a walk. Regarding lifestyle, DO with a healthier lifestyle had a better self-assessment of their health using the SRH (rho = 0.39, p = 0.02). Moreover, DO with better lifestyles also exhibited greater concern for their pet's health (rho = 0.398, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes that individuals who adopt healthier habits tend to perceive themselves as healthier and exhibit greater concern for their pets' health. The attachment between DO and dogs is important in promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors and engagement in PA. Our results highlight that the presence of a dog is associated with a higher level of PA in DO, depending on the strength of the human-animal bond.
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Grants
- NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078 This work was funded by the R&D&I project "oneHcancer- One health approach in animal cancer", the operation no.: NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Portugal Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).
- NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078 This work was funded by the R&D&I project "oneHcancer- One health approach in animal cancer", the operation no.: NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Portugal Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).
- NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078 This work was funded by the R&D&I project "oneHcancer- One health approach in animal cancer", the operation no.: NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Portugal Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).
- NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078 This work was funded by the R&D&I project "oneHcancer- One health approach in animal cancer", the operation no.: NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Portugal Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).
- NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078 This work was funded by the R&D&I project "oneHcancer- One health approach in animal cancer", the operation no.: NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Portugal Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).
- NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078 This work was funded by the R&D&I project "oneHcancer- One health approach in animal cancer", the operation no.: NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Portugal Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).
- NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078 This work was funded by the R&D&I project "oneHcancer- One health approach in animal cancer", the operation no.: NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Portugal Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).
- NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078 This work was funded by the R&D&I project "oneHcancer- One health approach in animal cancer", the operation no.: NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Portugal Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).
- NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078 This work was funded by the R&D&I project "oneHcancer- One health approach in animal cancer", the operation no.: NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Portugal Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).
- This work was funded by the R&D&I project “oneHcancer– One health approach in animal cancer”, the operation no.: NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000078, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Portugal Regional Operational Program 2014/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina F Martins
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os- Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Luís Silva
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os- Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jorge Soares
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os- Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Graça S Pinto
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os- Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Catarina Abrantes
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os- Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria A Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hélder Sousa
- Department of Mathematics (DM), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for Computational and Stochastic Mathematics (CEMAT), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria P Mota
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health, and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os- Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences (ECVA), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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Brantberg I, Grooten WJA, Essner A. The Effect of Therapeutic Exercise on Body Weight Distribution, Balance, and Stifle Function in Dogs following Stifle Injury. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:92. [PMID: 38200827 PMCID: PMC10778569 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stifle injury is common in the companion dog population, affecting weight bearing, neuromuscular control, and balance. Therapeutic exercises after stifle injury seem to be effective, but high-quality research evaluating the effects is lacking. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of a 12-week progressive therapeutic home exercise protocol on three-legged standing, targeting balance and postural- and neuromuscular control and disability in dogs with stifle injury. Thirty-three dogs with stifle injury were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 18) and control groups (n = 15), both receiving a standard rehabilitation protocol. Additionally, the intervention group received a progressive therapeutic exercise protocol. The outcome measures were static body weight distribution between hindlimbs, balance control, the canine brief pain inventory, and the Finnish canine stifle index. Both groups improved after the intervention period, but the group using the progressive therapeutic exercise protocol improved to a greater extent regarding static body weight distribution between the hindlimbs (I: median = 2.5%, IQR = 1.0-4.5; C: median = 5.5%, IQR = 3.0-8.8), pain-related functional disability (I: median = 0.0, IQR = 0.0-0.2; C: median = 0.9, IQR = 0.1-1.8), and stifle function (I: median = 25.0, IQR = 9.4-40.6; C: median = 75.0, IQR = 31.3-87.5), with intermediate to strong effects. These clinically relevant results indicate that this home exercise program can improve hindlimb function and restore neuromuscular control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Brantberg
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, Wirral, UK
- Djursjukhuset Malmö, IVC Evidensia, Cypressvägen 11, SE-213 63 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Wilhelmus J. A. Grooten
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden;
- Women’s Health and Allied Health Professionals’ Theme, Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna N1:00, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Essner
- Djurkliniken Gefle, IVC Evidensia, Norra Gatan 1, SE-803 21 Gävle, Sweden;
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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P K M, C J, T N, F A L, M Harshan H, R S A, S A. Etiology behind canine uterine inertia: Role of uterine expression of MLCK4, MYH2, and PKC genes. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 256:107298. [PMID: 37499285 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Dystocia is an obstetrical emergency, and primary uterine inertia (PUI) is the major etiological reason among the more prevalent maternal causes in dogs. The present study involved the relative expression analysis of genes associated with myometrial contraction in medium-sized dog breeds with uterine inertia. Dogs without any progress in the parturition process even after four hours of the onset of labor and the absence of uterine contractions were considered to have complete primary uterine inertia (CPUI, n = 9). Dogs that had expelled at least one fetus and made no further progress in parturition in the absence of active uterine contraction were considered to be experiencing partial primary uterine inertia (PPUI, n = 6). Dogs with the fetal cause of dystocia (FCD), i.e., obstructive dystocia, were taken as the third (n = 7) group. Uterine tissue samples were collected during cesarean section in each group, RNA was isolated, and the relative expression of myometrial ACTA2, ACTG2, MLCK4, MYH2, and PKC genes was analyzed. The MLCK4 gene expression was downregulated in CPUI (P ≤ 0.05) and PPUI (P ≤ 0.01) when compared to FCD. The MYH2 gene expression was downregulated in PPUI in comparison to CPUI (P ≤ 0.01) and FCD (P ≤ 0.05). The PKC gene expression was upregulated in PPUI in comparison to FCD and CPUI (P ≤ 0.05). The downregulation of MLCK4 and MYH2 gene expressions recorded in PPUI indicated the possibility of myometrial defects. The possibility of myometrial defects was also observed in CPUI, but to a lesser degree, suggesting other etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus P K
- Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
| | - Jayakumar C
- Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Naicy T
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Lali F A
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Hiron M Harshan
- Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Abhilash R S
- Department of Animal Reproduction Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Ajithkumar S
- University Veterinary Hospital and Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Domaniza M, Hluchy M, Cizkova D, Humenik F, Slovinska L, Hudakova N, Hornakova L, Vozar J, Trbolova A. Two Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem-Cells Injections to Osteoarthritic Elbows in Dogs-Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2195. [PMID: 37443993 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of cell-based regenerative therapy for elbow joints affected by osteoarthritis. Interest was focused on two intra-articular applications of amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (A-MSCs) to a group of different breeds of dogs with elbow osteoarthritis (13 joints). Two injections were performed 14 days apart. We evaluated synovial fluid biomarkers, such as IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-15, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, and GM-CSF, by multiplex fluorescent micro-bead immunoassay in the treated group of elbows (n = 13) (day 0, day 14, and day 28) and in the control group of elbows (n = 9). Kinematic gait analysis determined the joint range of motion (ROM) before and after each A-MSCs application. Kinematic gait analysis was performed on day 0, day 14, and day 28. Kinematic gait analysis pointed out improvement in the average range of motion of elbow joints from day 0 (38.45 ± 5.74°), day 14 (41.7 ± 6.04°), and day 28 (44.78 ± 4.69°) with statistical significance (p < 0.05) in nine elbows. Correlation analyses proved statistical significance (p < 0.05) in associations between ROM (day 0, day 14, and day 28) and IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-15, MCP-1, TNF-α, and GM-CSF concentrations (day 0, day 14, and day 28). IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-15, MCP-1, GM-CSF, and TNF- α showed negative correlation with ROM at day 0, day 14, and day 28, while IL-10 demonstrated positive correlation with ROM. As a consequence of A-MSC application to the elbow joint, we detected a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in concentration levels between day 0 and day 28 for IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α and statistically significant increase for IL-10. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was detected in TNF-α, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF concentrations between day 14 and the control group as well as at day 28 and the control group. IL-6 concentrations showed statistical significance (p < 0.05) between day 14 and the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Domaniza
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Marian Hluchy
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 68/73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Filip Humenik
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 68/73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Slovinska
- Associated Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University and L.Pasteur University Hospital, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Hudakova
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 68/73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Hornakova
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Vozar
- Centre of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 68/73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Trbolova
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
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9
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Cho HW, Seo K, Chun JL, Jeon J, Kim CH, Lim S, Cheon SN, Kim KH. Effects of resistant starch on anti-obesity status and nutrient digestibility in dogs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:550-561. [PMID: 37332283 PMCID: PMC10271923 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of corn resistant starch (RS) on the anti-obesity properties, nutrient digestibility, and blood parameters in healthy beagles. Four spayed and six castrated beagle dogs were divided into a control group (CON) with a diet comprising rice and chicken meal and a treatment group (TRT) with a diet comprising corn with an increased RS content by heating-cooling and chicken meal. All dogs in the CON and TRT groups were fed a 1.2-fold higher energy diet than the daily recommended energy requirement for 16 weeks. Throughout the study period, the body weight of dogs in CON increased, whereas no change in body weight was observed in TRT, resulting in a significant difference in body weight between the two groups at the end of the experiment. Moreover, a significant reduction in the apparent total tract digestibility was observed upon the analysis of dry matter, nitrogen-free extract, and organic matter in TRT compared with that in CON. The complete blood cell composition and biochemical parameters were within the reference range in both groups. A significant increase in the concentration of serum adiponectin was found in TRT at the end of the experiment. These results suggest that the corn RS may be beneficial for weight management owing to its reduced nutrient digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Cho
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Kangmin Seo
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Ju Lan Chun
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Junghwan Jeon
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sejin Lim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Si Nae Cheon
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
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10
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Lee GH, Jo W, Kang TK, Oh T, Kim K. Assessment of Stress Caused by Environmental Changes for Improving the Welfare of Laboratory Beagle Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061095. [PMID: 36978636 PMCID: PMC10044678 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal stress is influenced by environmental factors, yet only a few studies have evaluated the effects of environmental stress on captive dogs. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of environmental and social enrichment on the stress levels of captive dogs housed in a lab. We assessed stress levels in eight Beagle dogs by measuring their body weight, cortisol levels, a stress hormone, the alkaline phosphatase activity in serum, the number of steps per hour, as well as clinical sign observations in a changed environment for 6 weeks. Four dogs assigned to a control group were raised alone in a relatively narrow place without toys; four dogs assigned to an experimental group were raised together in a relatively large place with toys. The body weight of the control group remained unchanged, while that of the experimental group decreased. Cortisol levels in the control group increased throughout, whereas those in the experimental group increased for up to 2 weeks and decreased thereafter. Consequently, cortisol levels in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group at 6 weeks (p = 0.048). Fighting was observed among the dogs in the experimental group at 3 weeks; thus, one dog was separated from the group. The number of steps per hour was more than twice as high in the experimental than in the control group. Thereby, we determined that social housing, with appropriate companions and environmental enrichment materials, can reduce stress levels in captive dogs more efficiently than in single housing without such materials. Our study provides useful insights for captive animal organizations, such as kenneled dogs' management, to improve animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Hoon Lee
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Woori Jo
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ku Kang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Oh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - KilSoo Kim
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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11
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Chiti LE, Gariboldi EM, Ferrari R, Luconi E, Boracchi P, De Zani D, Zani D, Manfredi M, Spediacci C, Grieco V, Giudice C, Recordati C, Ferrari F, Stefanello D. Surgical complications following sentinel lymph node biopsy guided by γ-probe and methylene blue in 113 tumour-bearing dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:62-72. [PMID: 36178370 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an accepted veterinary surgical procedure given the impact of early detection of nodal metastases on staging of several canine malignancies. This study aims at reporting the incidence and risk factors for surgical complications of SLNB in tumour-bearing dogs. A total of 113 client-owned dogs that underwent tumour excision and SLNB guided by γ-probing and blue dye were retrospectively enrolled. Recorded variables included: signalment, location and number of extirpated lymphocenters and nodes, time for SLNB, histopathological status of excised nodes. Incidence of SLNB complications was calculated. They were classified as minor and major based on severity and required treatment, and as short-term (0-30 days) and long-term (31-90 days). Univariate analysis with generalized linear model with binomial error estimated the association between variables and incidence of SLNB complications. Significance was set at 5%. Median overall time for SLNB was 25 min. Surgeons excised one node in 38% of dogs and multiple nodes in 62% of cases, belonging to one (62%) or multiple (38%) lymphocenters. Metastases were detected in 45% of nodes. No intraoperative complications occurred. The overall incidence of postoperative complications of SLNB was 21,24%, the majority of which (91.67%) were minor. Only increasing dogs' weight was associated with an increased incidence of SLNB complications (p = .00976). Sentinel lymphadenectomy was associated with a relatively low incidence of complications, most of which were self-limiting. The low morbidity and previously reported impact on staging of SLNB justify its implementation to collect data for prognostic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Elena Chiti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.,Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC) "L. Sacco", LITA Vialba Campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Maria Gariboldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Ester Luconi
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC) "L. Sacco", LITA Vialba campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Boracchi
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC) "L. Sacco" & DSRC, LITA Vialba campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Davide Zani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Martina Manfredi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Carlotta Spediacci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Chiara Giudice
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Damiano Stefanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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12
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Ola-Fadunsin SD, Abdulrauf AB, Abdullah DA, Ganiyu IA, Hussain K, Sanda IM, Rabiu M, Akanbi OB. Epidemiological studies of gastrointestinal parasites infecting dogs in Kwara Central, North Central, Nigeria. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 93:101943. [PMID: 36610227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dogs are the most cosmopolitan pets of humans and as such a means of transmitting zoonotic parasites to their owners. This study was designed to investigate the diversity, prevalence, pattern of infection, intensity of infections, and the risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in Kwara Central, North Central, Nigeria. Three hundred and five clinically healthy dogs were sampled. Faecal samples were subjected to the direct smear, simple faecal centrifugation flotation, formol-ether concentration, and the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. Oocysts/eggs per gram of faeces were counted using the modified McMaster technique. Data were analysed using univariate logistic regression, multivariate logistic regression, and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A p -value of < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses. One hundred and sixty-six dogs were positive for at least one species of gastrointestinal parasite, representing 54.43% (95% CI: 44.81 - 59.96) of the sampled population. The study identified Cystoisospora species (15.41%), Cryptosporidium species (25.25%), Ancylostoma species (25.25%), Toxocara canis (19.02%), Strongyloides stercoralis (7.54%), Uncinaria stenocephala (6.89%), and Dipylidium caninum (2.30%) as the gastrointestinal parasites infecting dogs in the study area. Coinfection with more than one species of gastrointestinal parasites was a common finding in dogs. The intensity of Cystoisospora spp. among infected dogs ranged between 40 and 980 oocysts per gram of faeces, while that of helminth parasites was 40 - 1560 eggs per gram of faeces. Age, sex, breeds, body condition score, presence of ticks on dogs, the purpose of keeping dog(s), types of housing, types of feed consumed, vaccination status, and treatment with antiparasitics were predators associated with the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites infections. Due to the zoonotic nature of most of the encountered gastrointestinal parasites, there is need for regular antiparasitic treatment, proper dog management, and adequate personal hygiene to prevent zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shola David Ola-Fadunsin
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
| | - Aminat Bisola Abdulrauf
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | | | - Isau Aremu Ganiyu
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Karimat Hussain
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Idiat Modupe Sanda
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Musa Rabiu
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Olatunde Babatunde Akanbi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
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13
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Thermography as a tool to assess training effects in military working dogs. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103441. [PMID: 36796896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Military working dogs are exposed to high levels of physical load during their work, although this is not always evident from their behaviour. This workload causes various physiological changes, including variation in the temperature of the affected body parts. In this preliminary study, we investigated whether thermal changes following the daily work routine of military dogs are detectable by infrared thermography (IRT). The experiment was carried out on eight male German and Belgian shepherd patrol guard dogs performing two training activities, obedience and defence. The surface temperature (Ts) of 12 selected body parts on both body sides was measured with the IRT camera 5 min before, 5 min after and 30 min after training. As predicted, there was a greater increase in Ts (mean of all measured body parts) after defence than after obedience, 5 min (by 1.24 vs. 0.60 °C, P < 0.001) and 30 min after activity (by 0.90vs. 0.57 °C, P < 0.01) compared to pre-activity levels. These findings indicate that defence is more physically demanding than obedience activity. Considering the activities separately, obedience increased Ts 5 min after the activity only in the trunk (P < 0.001) but not in the limbs, whereas defence increased it in all measured body parts (P < 0.001). Ts 30 min after obedience decreased to the pre-activity level in parts at trunk, while in distal parts of the limbs Ts remained elevated. The prolonged elevation in Ts of the limbs after both activities indicates heat flow from the core to the periphery as a thermoregulatory mechanism. The current study suggests that IRT may be a useful tool for assessing physical workload in different body parts of dogs.
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14
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Ma X, Lu X, Huang Y, Yang X, Xu Z, Mo G, Ren Y, Li L. An Advanced Chicken Face Detection Network Based on GAN and MAE. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213055. [PMID: 36359179 PMCID: PMC9655765 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chicken face detection is a fundamental task for accurate poultry management. Achieving satisfactory chicken face detection is necessary to implement downstream tasks, such as day-age detection, behavior recognition, and health monitoring. Nonetheless, the image dataset of the chicken face is small-scale, and there are few related studies. Moreover, chicken heads and features are smaller than other livestock, making recognition tricky. Inspired by these significances and obstacles, this paper proposes a chicken face detection network with an augmentation module. Based on the YOLOv4 backbone, our model achieved 0.91 F1, 0.84 mAP, and 37 FPS, far surpassing the two-stage RCNN and EfficientDet baselines. This model can be applied to an actual chicken coop, and its performance is adequate to conduct downstream tasks. Abstract Achieving high-accuracy chicken face detection is a significant breakthrough for smart poultry agriculture in large-scale farming and precision management. However, the current dataset of chicken faces based on accurate data is scarce, detection models possess low accuracy and slow speed, and the related detection algorithm is ineffective for small object detection. To tackle these problems, an object detection network based on GAN-MAE (generative adversarial network-masked autoencoders) data augmentation is proposed in this paper for detecting chickens of different ages. First, the images were generated using GAN and MAE to augment the dataset. Afterward, CSPDarknet53 was used as the backbone network to enhance the receptive field in the object detection network to detect different sizes of objects in the same image. The 128×128 feature map output was added to three feature map outputs of this paper, thus changing the feature map output of eightfold downsampling to fourfold downsampling, which provided smaller object features for subsequent feature fusion. Secondly, the feature fusion module was improved based on the idea of dense connection. Then the module achieved feature reuse so that the YOLO head classifier could combine features from different levels of feature layers to capture greater classification and detection results. Ultimately, the comparison experiments’ outcomes showed that the mAP (mean average Precision) of the suggested method was up to 0.84, which was 29.2% higher than other networks’, and the detection speed was the same, up to 37 frames per second. Better detection accuracy can be obtained while meeting the actual scenario detection requirements. Additionally, an end-to-end web system was designed to apply the algorithm to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ma
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinai Lu
- International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yihong Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyin Xu
- College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guozhao Mo
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yufei Ren
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Lundberg A, Koch SN, Torres SMF. Local treatment for canine anal sacculitis: A retrospective study of 33 dogs. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:426-434. [PMID: 35866443 PMCID: PMC9545083 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Little information has been published regarding treatment of canine anal sacculitis (AS). Objectives Primary objective: determine the outcomes of AS local treatment at the referral dermatology service of the authors' institution. Secondary objective: determine signalment, body condition score (BCS), stool quality and comorbidities associated with AS. Animals Thirty‐three dogs with AS presented to the referral dermatology service between 1 January 2010 and 31 March 2021. Materials and methods An electronic medical record search was conducted. Information regarding sex, breed, age at disease onset, weight, BCS, stool quality, comorbidities, treatment and treatment outcome were collected. Treatment outcome was categorised as “resolved clinically”, “clinical signs resolved per owner”, “did not complete treatment” or “failed”. Dogs were excluded if seen by another service, not treated for AS, or if perianal sinuses (fistulae), anal sac masses, or anal sac abscesses were identified. Results Nineteen dogs were male and 14 female. Twenty‐four breeds were included. Average age at disease onset was 4.4 years. Average BCS was 5.8 of 9. Stool quality was “poor” in seven of 33 and normal in 23 of 33 cases. Atopic dermatitis was the most common comorbidity (12 of 33). Treatment typically consisted of anal sac flushing with saline followed by infusion using a commercially available steroid/antibiotic/antifungal ointment. Treatment was repeated on average 2.9 times. Resolution of AS was obtained in 24 of 33 cases, clinical signs resolved per owner in four of 33, five of 33 cases did not complete treatment, and no cases failed treatment. Conclusions and clinical relevance Local treatment with flushing and infusion is effective for treating AS in dogs. Background – Little information has been published regarding treatment of canine anal sacculitis (AS). Objectives – Primary objective: determine the outcomes of AS local treatment at the referral dermatology service of the authors' institution. Secondary objective: determine signalment, body condition score, stool quality and comorbidities associated with AS. Conclusions and clinical relevance – Local treatment with flushing and infusion is effective for treating AS in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Lundberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St Paul, MN, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sandra N Koch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sheila M F Torres
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St Paul, MN, USA
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16
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Arreesrisom P, Phichitrasilp T, Naimon N, Charoensil S, Rerkamnuaychoke W, Panpiansil J, Jarudecha T. Using bioelectrical impedance analysis for modeling regression and predicting body fat accumulation in dogs in East Thailand. Vet World 2022; 15:1566-1574. [PMID: 35993073 PMCID: PMC9375213 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1566-1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Obesity in dogs leads to several health problems, such as premature death, and contributes to other diseases. Recently, body fat percentage has been considered to represent the body condition of dogs, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is the most effective method for accurately measuring body fat in dogs. In Thailand, information on the body condition of dogs is limited, and there is no standard body fat level for Thai or mongrel dogs. This study was designed to evaluate and analyze the body fat percentage in dogs through BIA using a handheld instrument. The results of this study can help enhance the quality of life and health of dogs and aid in setting a standard body fat level for Thai or mongrel dogs.
Materials and Methods: The body fat percentage of 340 Thai and mongrel dogs in East Thailand was measured in the standing position, and the body condition score (BCS) (range, 1–5), sex, sterilization status, age, type of diet, and lifestyle were recorded. A linear regression model was developed to compare the variables and the predicted body fat percentage, and multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the factors for body fat increment.
Results: The linear regression model used to estimate the percentage of body fat (y) for each BCS (x) was y = 0.84 + 8.36x (R2 = 0.7219; p < 0.0001); the average body fat percentage was 27.52% for all studied dogs; specifically, 24.83% for the Thai Bangkaew, 26.42% for the Thai Ridgeback, and 27.65% for mongrels. The median body fat percentage was significantly higher in female than in male dogs. We found that as age increases, body fat percentage also increases; this increasing trend begins at the age of 5 years. However, increasing the level of activity and decreasing meal frequency leads to an increase in body fat percentage in neutered male dogs.
Conclusion: The average body fat percentage of dogs in East Thailand is 27.52% and this value is expected to increase when these dogs reach the age of 5 years. BIA is a valid and effective measurement tool for detecting the body fat percentage in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peera Arreesrisom
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanmaporn Phichitrasilp
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattakarn Naimon
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supochana Charoensil
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Worawut Rerkamnuaychoke
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, 43 Moo 6 Bangpra, Sriracha, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Jumrueang Panpiansil
- Mueangchonsattawarak Co. Ltd., 843/2, 843/70, Soi Taladmai Bankhod, Mueang Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Thitichai Jarudecha
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Rhee B, Mahbubur RM, Jin C, Choi JS, Lim HW, Huh W, Park JS, Han J, Kim S, Lee Y, Park J. Evaluation of safety and anti-obesity effects of DWP16001 in naturally obese dogs. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:237. [PMID: 35733159 PMCID: PMC9214997 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of DWP16001, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2 inhibitor), in naturally obese dogs. A total of 20 dogs were divided into four equal groups: one obese control (OC group), and three treated groups; DWP0.2 group, DWP0.5 group, and DWP1 group. OC group fed with food for maintenance and treated groups were fed with food for maintenance with 0.2 mg/kg DWP16001, 0.5 mg/kg DWP16001 and 1 mg/kg DWP16001, respectively. The food for maintenance was provided to dogs as 2 RER (Resting energy requirement) in kcal and DWP16001-supplemented food was administered once a day for 8 weeks. Results Body condition score, body weight, and fat thickness were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the DWP0.2 group compared with the OC group, respectively without affecting the food consumption. At the 10th week the food consumption rate was 101.35 ± 2.56, 166.59 ± 4.72, 98.47 ± 1.44 and 123.15 ± 2.45% compared with initial food consumption rate. Body fat percentage, chest and waist circumference, blood glucose, and insulin were reduced compared to OC group but not significantly different from those of the OC group during experimental period. Serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, and creatinine were significantly reduced in DWP0.2 group on 8 weeks. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced but not significantly. No specific adverse effects were observed throughout the experiment, and hematological parameters were unchanged. The results indicate that DWP16001 was not harmful to the dogs in our study and might have anti-obesity effects in naturally obese dogs. Conclusions The above results and discussion suggest that DWP16001 is safe and might have anti-obesity effects in naturally obese dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomseok Rhee
- KNOTUS Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Changfan Jin
- KNOTUS Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Choi
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Lim
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Huh
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok Park
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jumi Han
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sokho Kim
- KNOTUS Co., Ltd., Research Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Park
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Hair Sample Analysis as a Method of Monitoring Exposure to Bisphenol A in Dogs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084600. [PMID: 35457463 PMCID: PMC9030106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic substance widely used in the plastics industry. It penetrates food and environment and, as an endocrine disruptor, has detrimental effects on human organisms. Pet animals, which live in the immediate vicinity of humans, are also exposed to BPA; however, knowledge regarding the exposure of dogs to this substance is extremely scarce. This is the first study in which hair analysis has been used to biomonitor BPA in 30 dogs using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry techniques. The presence of BPA in concentration levels above the method detection limit (1.25 ng/g) was noted in 93.33% of samples. BPA concentration levels were found to range from 7.05 ng/g to 436 ng/g (mean 81.30 ng/g). Statistically significant differences in BPA concentration levels were found between animals with physiological weight and animals with abnormal weight (skinny and obese). In turn, differences between males and females, as well as between young, middle-aged and old dogs, were not statistically significant. The obtained results have clearly shown that hair analysis is a useful method to evaluate the exposure of dogs to BPA. This study also confirmed that dogs are exposed to BPA to a large extent, and this substance may play a role as a pathological factor in this animal species. However, many aspects connected to the influence of BPA on canine health status are unclear and need further study.
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Rubio M, Satué K, Carrillo JM, Hernández Guerra Á, Cuervo B, Chicharro D, Damiá E, Del Romero A, Sopena J. Changes in Hematological and Biochemical Profiles in Ovariohysterectomized Bitches Using an Alfaxalone–Midazolam–Morphine–Sevoflurane Protocol. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070914. [PMID: 35405902 PMCID: PMC8997066 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Laboratory tests are an integral part of the overall diagnostic procedures for both physiological and pathological conditions. Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) in bitches is an invasive procedure, producing moderate to severe pain. The response to surgical stress is characterized by a series of neuroendocrine and metabolic changes that can be represented on hematological and biochemical profiles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological response to surgical stress, predict the presence of possible post-surgical complications, and where appropriate, establish the appropriate treatment based on the hematochemical changes during and after OHE in healthy bitches. OHE in this study induced transient changes in certain hematological and biochemical parameters. Knowledge of the hematochemical changes in response to stress and trauma induced by OHE in healthy dogs would allow to predict possible post-surgical complications. Abstract The aim of this study was to monitor hematochemical changes during and after OHE in bitches. Twenty-four females were anesthetized with alfaxalone, midazolam, morphine and sevoflurane. Blood samples were taken before anesthesia (T0), at 30 (T1), and 60 min (T2), at 3 (T3), 6 (T4), 12 (T5), and 24 h (T6), and at 3 (T7) and 7 days (T8) from the start of surgery. Red blood cells (RBC) and packed cell volume (PCV) decreased significantly from T1 to T5 and hemoglobin (HB) concentration from T4 to T6. Both the white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil (NFS) count increased significantly from T3 to T6, monocyte (MON) from T2 to T5, and eosinophil (EOS) at T5. Platelet (PLT) and plateletcrit (PCT) significantly decreased at T5 and increased from T6 to T8; platelet distribution width (PDW) increased significantly from T3 to T6. Creatine kinase (CK) activity increased significantly from T5 to T7. Glucose (GLU) concentrations increased significantly at T2 and P from T2 to T3. TG levels decreased from T2 to T4 and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels from T1 to T7, subsequently increasing until T8. Changes possibly resulting from stress and surgical trauma, as well as hemodilution and splenic storage, are due to anesthesia and surgery. In healthy bitches, these changes tend to gradually stabilize after the ending of OHE. A post-operative follow-up is essential to detect possible post-operative complications.
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Lee HJ, Cho JH, Cho WJ, Gang SH, Park SH, Jung BJ, Kim HB, Song KH. Effects of Synbiotic Preparation Containing Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 on Body Fat in Obese Dogs: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050642. [PMID: 35268209 PMCID: PMC8909091 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a synbiotic preparation containing L. gasseri BNR17 on body fat in obese dogs. Body weight and the body condition score showed a significant reduction after 10 weeks of synbiotic preparation administration compared with those at baseline (0-week). The subcutaneous fat mass at the level of the third lumbar vertebra and its proportion, compared with the body mass, reduced significantly after 10 weeks of synbiotic preparation administration, compared with those at baseline. Following synbiotic supplementation, microbiome analysis revealed increased microbial diversity, and functional analysis of the microbiota showed an increased abundance of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Based on these results, we consider that synbiotic preparation containing L. gasseri BNR17 may play a role in reducing body fat and resolving obesity. Abstract Obesity is an important health concern in humans and dogs. It can cause a variety of secondary problems, including low bacterial diversity. Several approaches have been tried to solve this problem; one of them is probiotic supplementation. Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 is derived from breast milk and has been proven to be effective for obesity in humans. However, there have been no studies using a synbiotic preparation containing L. gasseri BNR17 for obesity management in dogs. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effectiveness of a synbiotic preparation containing L. gasseri BNR17 in reducing body fat in obese dogs. A group of obese dogs were fed a synbiotic preparation for 10 weeks. Obesity variables included body weight, body condition score, subcutaneous fat thickness, subcutaneous fat mass and proportion of the fat mass. In addition, feces collected at 0-week and 10-week time points were analyzed for the intestinal microbiome. Results showed a significant decrease in body weight, body condition score, and subcutaneous fat mass and proportion at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. Diversity and functional analysis of the microbiota in obese dogs showed increased microbial diversity, and increased abundance of metabolism of carbohydrate, and lipid after supplementation with a synbiotic preparation. This study was conducted as a pilot study, and the results demonstrated that a synbiotic preparation containing L. gasseri BNR17 may play a role in reducing body fat and resolving the obesity in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Joon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Jae Hyoung Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Woo-Jae Cho
- Veterinary Nutrition Laboratory, JEIL Feed Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34029, Korea;
| | - Seong-Ho Gang
- SNH Biotech Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34015, Korea; (S.-H.G.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Seung-Hwan Park
- SNH Biotech Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34015, Korea; (S.-H.G.); (S.-H.P.)
| | | | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.B.K.); (K.H.S.)
| | - Kun Ho Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.B.K.); (K.H.S.)
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21
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Thomson P, Santibáñez R, Rodríguez-Salas C, Flores-Yañez C, Garrido D. Differences in the composition and predicted functions of the intestinal microbiome of obese and normal weight adult dogs. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12695. [PMID: 35190784 PMCID: PMC8857902 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial nutritional disorder highly prevalent in dogs, observed in developed and developing countries. It is estimated that over 40% of the canine population suffers from obesity, which manifests in an increased risk of chronic osteoarticular, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. The intestinal microbiome of obese animals shows increases in the abundance of certain members capable of extracting energy from complex polysaccharides. The objective of this study was to compare the composition and predicted function of the intestinal microbiome of Chilean obese and normal weight adult dogs. Twenty clinically healthy dogs were classified according to their body condition score (BCS) as obese (n = 10) or normal weight (n = 10). DNA was extracted from stool samples, followed by next-generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region and bioinformatics analysis targeting microbiome composition and function. Significant differences were observed between these groups at the phylum level, with anincrease in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidetes in obese dogs. Microbiome compositions of these animals correlated with their BCS, and obese dogs showed enrichment in pathways related to transport, chemotaxis, and flagellar assembly. These results highlight the differences in the gut microbiome between normal weight and obese dogs and prompt further research to improve animal health by modulating the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Thomson
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello., Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Santibáñez
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Rodríguez-Salas
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello., Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Daniel Garrido
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Makowska K, Martín J, Rychlik A, Aparicio I, Santos JL, Alonso E, Gonkowski S. Biomonitoring parabens in dogs using fur sample analysis - Preliminary studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150757. [PMID: 34619184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry and are widespread in the environment. As endocrine disruptors, parabens have adverse effects on living organisms. However, knowledge of the exposure of domestic animals to parabens is extremely scarce. Therefore, this study assessed the exposure level of dogs to three parabens commonly used in industry (i.e. methylparaben - MeP, ethylparaben - EtP and propylparaben - PrP) using fur sample analysis in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The presence of parabens has been noted in the samples collected from all dogs included in the study (n = 30). Mean concentrations of MeP, EtP and PrP in the fur of dogs were 176 (relative standard deviation - RSD = 127.48%) ng/g dry weight (dw), 48.4 (RSD = 163.64%) ng/g dw and 79.8 ng/g dw (RSD = 151.89%), respectively. The highest concentrations were found for MeP (up to 1023 ng/g dw). Concentrations of MeP and EtP in males were statistically higher than those in females (p < 0.05). Statistically significantly higher concentration levels of PrP in young animals (up to three years old) were also found. This is the first study concerning the use of fur samples to evaluate the exposure of domestic animals to parabens. The results indicate that an analysis of the fur may be a useful tool of paraben biomonitoring in dogs. The presence of parabens in the canine fur also suggests that these substances may play a role in veterinary toxicology. However, many aspects connected with this issue are not clear and require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Makowska
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Julia Martín
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrzej Rychlik
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sławomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
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Shimizu K, Suzuki R, Ikeda Y, Mochizuki Y, Teshima T, Michishita M, Matsumoto H, Koyama H. A case of juvenile form of dilated cardiomyopathy in a 6-month-old Shiba Inu dog. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2022; 63:152-156. [PMID: 35110772 PMCID: PMC8759336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A 6-month-old Shiba Inu dog was brought to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital because of a cough, exercise intolerance, and pulmonary edema. The dog had a Levine 2/6 systolic murmur. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed left atrial and ventricular dilatation (left atrium to aortic ratio: 2.8), mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation, and severe left ventricular myocardial hypokinesia (fractional shortening was 11.8%). Bubble contrast echocardiography did not reveal a congenital shunt; therefore, the dog was clinically diagnosed with early onset dilated cardiomyopathy. From the first visit, the dog was treated with pimobendan, taurine, torasemide, and isosorbide dinitrate. After 435 days, echocardiography revealed that systolic function had not improved. On Day 465, atrial fibrillation was confirmed via electrocardiogram, and treatment with diltiazem hydrochloride was initiated. The dog continued to appear clinically stable thereafter, until it died suddenly 1087 days after the initial visit. A postmortem histopathological examination identified severe enlargement of the left atrial and ventricular chambers as well as attenuated wavy fibers in the ventricular myocardium, which confirmed dilated cardiomyopathy in a juvenile. This is the first report of a juvenile form of dilated cardiomyopathy in a Shiba Inu dog. This case report provides evidence that the extended prognosis of this dog differed from that in previously reported cases of dilated cardiomyopathy in young dogs. Key clinical message: This is the first reported case of a juvenile form of dilated cardiomyopathy in a Shiba Inu dog. This report provides evidence that the prognosis of this dog differed from that in previously reported cases of dilated cardiomyopathy in young dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Shimizu
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Shimizu); Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Suzuki, Teshima, Matsumoto, Koyama); Keyaki Animal Hospital. 1-1-48-1F Tsuruse-higashi, Fujimi-shi, Saitama 354-0024, Japan (Ikeda); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan (Mochizuki); Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Michishita)
| | - Ryohei Suzuki
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Shimizu); Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Suzuki, Teshima, Matsumoto, Koyama); Keyaki Animal Hospital. 1-1-48-1F Tsuruse-higashi, Fujimi-shi, Saitama 354-0024, Japan (Ikeda); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan (Mochizuki); Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Michishita)
| | - Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Shimizu); Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Suzuki, Teshima, Matsumoto, Koyama); Keyaki Animal Hospital. 1-1-48-1F Tsuruse-higashi, Fujimi-shi, Saitama 354-0024, Japan (Ikeda); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan (Mochizuki); Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Michishita)
| | - Yohei Mochizuki
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Shimizu); Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Suzuki, Teshima, Matsumoto, Koyama); Keyaki Animal Hospital. 1-1-48-1F Tsuruse-higashi, Fujimi-shi, Saitama 354-0024, Japan (Ikeda); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan (Mochizuki); Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Michishita)
| | - Takahiro Teshima
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Shimizu); Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Suzuki, Teshima, Matsumoto, Koyama); Keyaki Animal Hospital. 1-1-48-1F Tsuruse-higashi, Fujimi-shi, Saitama 354-0024, Japan (Ikeda); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan (Mochizuki); Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Michishita)
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Shimizu); Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Suzuki, Teshima, Matsumoto, Koyama); Keyaki Animal Hospital. 1-1-48-1F Tsuruse-higashi, Fujimi-shi, Saitama 354-0024, Japan (Ikeda); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan (Mochizuki); Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Michishita)
| | - Hirotaka Matsumoto
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Shimizu); Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Suzuki, Teshima, Matsumoto, Koyama); Keyaki Animal Hospital. 1-1-48-1F Tsuruse-higashi, Fujimi-shi, Saitama 354-0024, Japan (Ikeda); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan (Mochizuki); Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Michishita)
| | - Hidekazu Koyama
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Shimizu); Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Suzuki, Teshima, Matsumoto, Koyama); Keyaki Animal Hospital. 1-1-48-1F Tsuruse-higashi, Fujimi-shi, Saitama 354-0024, Japan (Ikeda); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan (Mochizuki); Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 184-8602, Japan (Michishita)
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Markou M, Anatolitou A. Acute intestinal obstruction after methylene‐diphenyl‐diisocyanate‐based glue ingestion in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Assessment of Changes in the Oral Microbiome That Occur in Dogs with Periodontal Disease. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120291. [PMID: 34941818 PMCID: PMC8707289 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome in dogs is a complex community. Under some circumstances, it contributes to periodontal disease, a prevalent inflammatory disease characterized by a complex interaction between oral microbes and the immune system. Porphyromonas and Tannerella spp. are usually dominant in this disease. How the oral microbiome community is altered in periodontal disease, especially sub-dominant microbial populations is unclear. Moreover, how microbiome functions are altered in this disease has not been studied. In this study, we compared the composition and the predicted functions of the microbiome of the cavity of healthy dogs to those with from periodontal disease. The microbiome of both groups clustered separately, indicating important differences. Periodontal disease resulted in a significant increase in Bacteroidetes and reductions in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Porphyromonas abundance increased 2.7 times in periodontal disease, accompanied by increases in Bacteroides and Fusobacterium. It was predicted that aerobic respiratory processes are decreased in periodontal disease. Enrichment in fermentative processes and anaerobic glycolysis were suggestive of an anaerobic environment, also characterized by higher lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. This study contributes to a better understanding of how periodontal disease modifies the oral microbiome and makes a prediction of the metabolic pathways that contribute to the inflammatory process observed in periodontal disease.
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26
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Araos J, Lacitignola L, de Monte V, Stabile M, Porter I, Hurtado DE, Perez A, Crovace A, Grasso S, Martin-Flores M, Staffieri F. Evaluation of Lung Aeration and Respiratory System Mechanics in Obese Dogs Ventilated With Tidal Volumes Based on Ideal vs. Current Body Weight. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:704863. [PMID: 34660755 PMCID: PMC8517180 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.704863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the respiratory mechanics and lung aeration in anesthetized obese dogs ventilated with tidal volumes (VT) based on ideal (VTi) vs. current (VTc) body weight. Six dogs with body condition scores ≥ 8/9 were included. End-expiratory respiratory mechanics and end-expiratory CT-scan were obtained at baseline for each dog. Thereafter, dogs were ventilated with VT 15 ml kg−1 based on VTi and VTc, applied randomly. Respiratory mechanics and CT-scan were repeated at end-inspiration during VTi and VTc. Data analyzed with linear mixed models and reported as mean ± SD or median [range]. Statistical significance p < 0.05. The elastance of the lung, chest wall and respiratory system indexed by ideal body weight (IBW) were positively correlated with body fat percentage, whereas the functional residual capacity indexed by IBW was negatively correlated with body fat percentage. At end-expiration, aeration (%) was: hyperaeration 0.03 [0.00–3.35], normoaeration 69.7 [44.6–82.2], hypoaeration 29.3 [13.6–49.4] and nonaeration (1.06% [0.37–6.02]). Next to the diaphragm, normoaeration dropped to 12 ± 11% and hypoaeration increased to 90 ± 8%. No differences in aeration between groups were found at end-inspiration. Airway driving pressure (cm H2O) was higher (p = 0.002) during VTc (9.8 ± 0.7) compared with VTi (7.6 ± 0.4). Lung strain was higher (p = 0.014) during VTc (55 ± 21%) than VTi (38 ± 10%). The stress index was higher (p = 0.012) during VTc (SI = 1.07 [0.14]) compared with VTi (SI = 0.93 [0.18]). This study indicates that body fat percentage influences the magnitude of lung, chest wall, and total respiratory system elastance and resistance, as well as functional residual capacity. Further, these results indicate that obese dogs have extensive areas of hypoaerated lungs, especially in caudodorsal regions. Finally, lung strain and airway driving pressure, surrogates of lung deformation, are higher during VTc than during VTi, suggesting that in obese anesthetized dogs, ventilation protocols based on IBW may be advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Araos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Luca Lacitignola
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation D.E.O.T., "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina de Monte
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation D.E.O.T., "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marzia Stabile
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation D.E.O.T., "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ian Porter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Daniel E Hurtado
- Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustín Perez
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Crovace
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation D.E.O.T., "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grasso
- Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation D.E.O.T., "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuel Martin-Flores
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Francesco Staffieri
- Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation D.E.O.T., "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Makowska K, Martín J, Rychlik A, Aparicio I, Santos JL, Alonso E, Gonkowski S. Assessment of exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in dogs by fur analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117435. [PMID: 34052650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of chemicals commonly used in various branches of industry, which may adversely affect the living organisms. The aim of this study were to evaluate exposure of dogs to six selected PFASs: five perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (perfluorobutanoic acid - PFBuA, perfluoropentanoic acid - PFPeA, perfluorohexanoic acid - PFHxA, perfluoroheptanoic acid - PFHpA, perfluorooctanoic acid - PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) through the analysis of fur samples. To our knowledge this is the first study concerning the use of fur samples to evaluation of exposure of domestic animals to PFASs. Relationship between PFASs concentration and age, gender and body weight of animals was also evaluated. Fur samples were collected from 30 dogs living in Olsztyn (Poland). All PFASs studied were detected in the canine fur samples. The highest concentrations were observed in the case of PFOA and PFBuA, detected at concentrations in the range between 1.51 and 66.7 ng/g and 0.98-26.6 ng/g, respectively. During the present study generally no statistically significant differences dependent on gender, age and body weight of animals were found. This study confirms the suitability of fur samples for biomonitoring of exposure to PFASs in domestic animals, what may be important in veterinary toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Makowska
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Julia Martín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrzej Rychlik
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Slawomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957, Olsztyn, Poland
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Ronja N, Kölle P. [Obesity in dogs - A review of underlying reasons]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:284-293. [PMID: 34425607 DOI: 10.1055/a-1548-2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity does not merely represent a human problem but is also recognized as an immense health threat in domestic animals. However, this disease is frequently not recognized by the pet owner. Current studies assume that up to 60 % of domestic dogs are overweight or significantly obese with various reasons existing for this development. Not only the feeding management contributes to the development of obesity but also genetics, age and gender as well as specific primary diseases add to the individual's weight gain. Addtionally, medical treatment and the owner-pet-relationship may increase the risk for obesity. In order to treat obesity in a qualified manner or ideally to prevent this from developing in the first place, a profound knowledge concerning the underlying causes is essential. The present article provides a review of the most important impact factors thus adding to the body of information allowing for the acquisition of such expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitsch Ronja
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Tierärztliche Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Petra Kölle
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Tierärztliche Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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29
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Bray EE, Otto CM, Udell MAR, Hall NJ, Johnston AM, MacLean EL. Enhancing the Selection and Performance of Working Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:644431. [PMID: 34055947 PMCID: PMC8149746 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.644431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs perform a variety of integral roles in our society, engaging in work ranging from assistance (e.g., service dogs, guide dogs) and therapy to detection (e.g., search-and-rescue dogs, explosive detection dogs) and protection (e.g., military and law enforcement dogs). However, success in these roles, which requires dogs to meet challenging behavioral criteria and to undergo extensive training, is far from guaranteed. Therefore, enhancing the selection process is critical for the effectiveness and efficiency of working dog programs and has the potential to optimize how resources are invested in these programs, increase the number of available working dogs, and improve working dog welfare. In this paper, we review two main approaches for achieving this goal: (1) developing selection tests and criteria that can efficiently and effectively identify ideal candidates from the overall pool of candidate dogs, and (2) developing approaches to enhance performance, both at the individual and population level, via improvements in rearing, training, and breeding. We summarize key findings from the empirical literature regarding best practices for assessing, selecting, and improving working dogs, and conclude with future steps and recommendations for working dog organizations, breeders, trainers, and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Bray
- Arizona Canine Cognition Center, School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Canine Companions for Independence, National Headquarters, Santa Rosa, CA, United States
| | - Cynthia M Otto
- Penn Vet Working Dog Center, Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Monique A R Udell
- Human-Animal Interaction Laboratory, Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Nathaniel J Hall
- Canine Olfaction Lab, Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Angie M Johnston
- Boston College Canine Cognition Center, Psychology and Neuroscience Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Evan L MacLean
- Arizona Canine Cognition Center, School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Cognitive Science Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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30
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Description of a novel distribution and subsequent resolution of severe, bilateral thoracic limb and cervical vertebral abnormalities in a dog with craniomandibular osteopathy. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Neves ECD, Pelizzari C, Oliveira RSD, Kassab S, Lucas KDA, Carvalho YKD. 3D anatomical model for teaching canine lumbosacral epidural anesthesia. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 35:e202000608. [PMID: 32667587 PMCID: PMC7357831 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020200060000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a 3D anatomical model for teaching canine epidural anesthesia (3DMEA) and to assess its efficacy for teaching and learning prior to the use of live animals. Methods The creation of 3DMEA was based on 3D optical scanning and 3D printing of canine bone pieces of the fifth to the seventh lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and pelvis. A total of 20 male dogs were scheduled for castration. 20 veterinary students watched a video showing epidural anesthesia in dogs before the clinical attempt and were assigned to control or 3DMEA groups. Students in the 3DMEA group trained in the model after the video. For the clinical trial, the epidural procedure was performed by students under the veterinary supervision. When observed the absence of response to nociceptive stimuli, the epidural was considered successful. Then, all students answered a questionnaire evaluating the main difficulty founded in the technique and its degree of difficulty. Results The 3DMEA group reported a lower degree of difficulty to perform the epidural anesthesia technique when compared with the control group (p=0.0037). The 3DMEA reproduced the anatomical structures, allowing the perception of the distance of needle in relation to the iliac prominences during epidural anesthesia. Its mobility allowed simulation of the animal in standing position and sternal recumbency. Conclusion The use of 3DMEA demonstrated greater efficacy in the execution of the technique, being effective in the teaching and learning process before the epidural anesthesia in live animals.
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