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Gumina S, Mezzaqui L, Aimino R, Rionero M, Spagnoli A, Campagna V, Candela V. Aetiopathogenesis of Rotator Cuff Tear in Patients Younger than 50 Years: Medical Conditions Play a Relevant Role. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050998. [PMID: 37241230 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Studies on rotator cuff tears (RCT) in patients younger than 50 years have focused on the post-operative outcomes. Little is known about cuff tear etiopathogenesis, although it is a common belief that most tears are due to trauma. We have retrospectively verified the prevalence of medical conditions, whose role in tendon degeneration development have been widely demonstrated, in a group of patients younger than 50 years with postero-superior RCT. Materials and Methods: 64 patients [44M-20F; mean age (SD): 46.90 (2.80)] were enrolled. Personal data, BMI, smoking habit, diseases (diabetes, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, thyroid diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) were registered. The possible triggering cause and the affected side and tear dimensions were recorded, and statistical analysis was then performed. Results: 75% of patients had one or more diseases and/or a smoking habit for more than 10 years. In the remaining 25%, only four patients referred had had a traumatic event, while in the other eight patients, both medical condition and trauma were registered. The presence of two or more diseases did not affect RCT size. Conclusions: In our series, three quarters of patients with RCT had a smoking habit or medical conditions predisposing them to a tendon tear; therefore, the role of trauma in RCT onset in patients younger than 50 years is markedly resized. It is plausible that in the remaining 25%, RCT may be due to trauma or to genetic or acquired degeneration. Level of Evidence: IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gumina
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
- Icot Latina, 00100 Latina, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alessandra Spagnoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Campagna
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, Celio Military Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Candela
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy
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In Vitro effects of alternative smoking devices on oral cells: Electronic cigarette and heated tobacco product versus tobacco smoke. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 144:105550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Caponnetto P. Well-being and harm reduction, the consolidated reality of electronic cigarettes ten years later from this emerging phenomenon: A narrative review. Health Psychol Res 2020; 8:9463. [PMID: 33553795 PMCID: PMC7859958 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2020.9463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is the greatest threat to public health worldwide, killing more than seven million people annually. This paper, about 10 years after the first review on electronic cigarettes, analyses the evolution that this tool has had in these years. It concludes with comments on the significance of the research and why it constitutes an original contribution. We searched PubMed (National Library of Medicine), and PsycINFO (Ovid) (2006-2020) for studies on e-cigarettes (harms and benefits, e-cigarette use, craving and smoking cessation) and smoking cessation treatment (smoking cessation treatment or varenicline or tobacco cessation or reduction or bupropion or NRT or behavioral treatment or ecigarette) and evidence suggests that they may effective as smoking cessation tool and may be less harmful alternatives to combustible cigarette smoking. Consequently, e-cigarettes could be considered as an applicable instrument for Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) and smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Caponnetto
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Palazzo Ingrassia Via Biblioteca, 4, 95124, Catania, Italy.
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Melamed OC, Walsh SD, Shulman S. Smoking behavior and symptoms of depression and anxiety among young adult backpackers: Results from a short longitudinal study. Scand J Psychol 2020; 62:211-216. [PMID: 33270916 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Levels of smoking and smoking initiation have been found to increase during the transition to adulthood. Symptoms of depression and anxiety may both precede or follow smoking behavior, yet there is equivocal evidence regarding the direction of this relationship. The aim of the current study was to examine the direction of this relationship in a group of young adult backpackers who traveled to social environments which are permissive of smoking. The current study involved a quasi-experimental design examining 199 (52% men, mean age 24.27, SD = 1.05 years at time 1) young adults, before, during and following a backpacking experience of at least six months. Regression analyses was used to examine the association between smoking and symptoms of depression and anxiety over time. Relative to smoking levels before the journey, a significant transient increase in smoking was found during the journey. The increase in smoking during the journey predicted increases in both depressive and anxiety symptoms following the journey. The reverse direction models were not significant. Our study suggests that social contexts which are permissive of smoking, such as backpacking, increase young adult smoking behavior. Mood symptoms did not contribute to the observed increase in smoking behavior but, inversely, increases in smoking contributed to heightened mood symptoms. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to explore the role that smoking behavior plays in young adults' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat C Melamed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie D Walsh
- Department of Criminology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shmuel Shulman
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,College of Management, Rishon Le'Zion, Israel
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Del Mistro A, Frayle H, Menegaldo A, Favaretto N, Gori S, Nicolai P, Spinato G, Romeo S, Tirelli G, da Mosto MC, Polesel J, Boscolo Rizzo P. Age-independent increasing prevalence of Human Papillomavirus-driven oropharyngeal carcinomas in North-East Italy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9320. [PMID: 32518378 PMCID: PMC7283341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
HPV-driven oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPCs) show geographical variations with increasing temporal trends in several areas. We investigated their frequency and clinical outcomes within a prospective multicenter cohort study in North-East Italy. A tumor was defined as HPV-driven by using at least two different biomarkers, usually HPV-DNA positivity and p16INK4A overexpression. Different survival outcomes were compared among patients with HPV-driven and non-HPV-driven tumors. Overall, 42/130 (32.3%) patients with newly diagnosed OPC during the period 2000–2018 resulted HPV-driven; HPV16 was involved in 37 cases (88%), HPV33 in 3 cases (7%), HPV58 and HPV18 in 1 case each. Over time, HPV-driven cases raised from 16.7% (6/36) during 2000–2006 to 46.1% (24/52) during 2013–2018 (p < 0.001). The increase in HPV-driven OPCs was more marked in females than males (p = 0.010), and the frequency of HPV-driven cases was similar in the different age groups. In comparison to cases with non-HPV-driven tumors, a significantly (p < 0.001) better progression-free and overall survival were recorded among patients affected by HPV-driven OPC. The prevalence of HPV-driven OPC cases has been significantly increasing during the last two decades also in North-East Italy and was associated with favorable outcome. OPCs driven by non-HPV16 oncogenic types were restricted to patients older than 68-yrs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarosa Del Mistro
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128, Padova, Italy.
| | - Helena Frayle
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Menegaldo
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, P.le Ospedale 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Niccolò Favaretto
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Gori
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Spinato
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, P.le Ospedale 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, Via Gattamelata, 64, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Romeo
- Anatomical Pathology Unit, San Donà di Piave Hospital, Azienda ULSS 4 Veneto Orientale, Via Nazario Sauro 25, 30027, San Donà di Piave, VE, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Head and Neck Department, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina da Mosto
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, P.le Ospedale 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini, 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo Rizzo
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, P.le Ospedale 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy
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Caponnetto P, Polosa R, Robson D, Bauld L. Tobacco smoking, related harm and motivation to quit smoking in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Health Psychol Res 2020; 8:9042. [PMID: 32510003 PMCID: PMC7267811 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2020.9042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review focuses on the topic of tobacco smoking amongst people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We searched PubMed, PsycInfo and Scopus databases for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and smoking and included articles about the epidemiology of tobacco smoking in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, examining the relationship between smoking and mental health. This narrative review describes that a higher prevalence, frequency and impact of both high nicotine dependence and its harmful effects in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders compared with those in the general population. Despite several existent theories, the reasons for high smoking rates, the high dependence on nicotine and severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms are not fully understood. The main aim of this paper is to inform mental health personnel and particularly clinical and health psychologists about the impact and role of tobacco smoking for smokers with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda Bauld
- Usher Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies, Nottingham, UK
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Gallus S, Borroni E, Liu X, Carrozzi L, Dalla Pietra G, Eslami Varzaneh S, Harari S, Inciso G, Martucci P, Papale M, Pistelli F, Polla B, Polo MF, Principe R, Pulerà N, Raschi S, Sarzani R, Serafini A, Odone A, van den Brandt P, Lugo A. Electronic cigarette use among Italian smokers: patterns, settings, and adverse events. TUMORI JOURNAL 2020; 106:300891620915784. [PMID: 32338200 DOI: 10.1177/0300891620915784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Information is scanty on the patterns and settings of electronic cigarette use and on its possible adverse events. To fill the knowledge gap on these issues, we conducted a survey among ever-smokers attending smoking cessation services (SCS) in Italy. METHODS In 2016-2018, we enrolled 395 ever-smokers aged ⩾18 years who were current or former electronic cigarette users in 12 SCS from northern, central, and southern Italy. RESULTS In all, 12.4% of ever smokers were regular, 9.4% occasional, and 78.2% past users of electronic cigarettes. Of all users, 93.8% consumed electronic cigarettes with nicotine, 95.9% used refillable devices, and 76.6% purchased electronic cigarette devices or liquids in vape shops. The mean duration of use was 3.7 months and the mean number of puffs per day was 86. Among users, 71.5% used electronic cigarettes in at least 1 smoke-free indoor environment, 53.7% in workplaces, 49.5% in restaurants and bars, 33.5% in train/metro stations or airports, and 18.4% in public transports. The use of electronic cigarettes in smoke-free environments significantly decreased with age and increased with duration of use and nicotine dependence. In our sample, 47.1% reported at least 1 adverse event attributable to electronic cigarette use: 19.5% dry cough, 12.0% dry mouth, 7.6% throat or mouth irritation, and 6.8% sore throat. CONCLUSION In Italy, most conventional cigarette smokers use electronic cigarettes where smoking conventional cigarettes is prohibited. About half of users reported 1 or more symptoms attributable to electronic cigarettes, despite the relatively short duration of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Borroni
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Carrozzi
- Pulmonary Unit, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Sergio Harari
- Department of Medical Sciences and Division of Pneumology, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Inciso
- Unit of Pneumology, ASL Na 3 (Sanitary District 59), Meta di Sorrento, NA, Italy
| | - Paola Martucci
- Unit of Interventional Pneumology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale "Antonio Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Papale
- Department of Respiratory Physiopathology, Regina Elena Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pistelli
- Pulmonary Unit, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Biagio Polla
- Department of Respiratory System Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Nazionale SS. Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Polo
- Department of Pneumology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Nolita Pulerà
- Department of Pneumology, P.O. di Livorno-AUSL Toscana Nord Ovest, Livorno, Italy
| | - Stefania Raschi
- Department of Pneumology, ASST Vimercate, Vimercate, MB, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Odone
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Piet van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI-School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Mancini S, Bucchi L, Baldacchini F, Giuliani O, Ravaioli A, Vattiato R, Preti M, Tumino R, Ferretti S, Biggeri A, Brustolin A, Boschetti L, Caiazzo AL, Caldarella A, Cesaraccio R, Cirilli C, Citarella A, Filiberti RA, Fusco M, Galasso R, Gatti L, Lotti FL, Magoni M, Mangone L, Masanotti G, Mazzoleni G, Mazzucco W, Melcarne A, Michiara M, Pesce P, Piffer S, Pinto A, Rognoni M, Rosso S, Rugge M, Sampietro G, Scalzi S, Scuderi T, Tagliabue G, Tisano F, Toffolutti F, Vitarelli S, Falcini F. Incidence trends of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in Italy from 1990 to 2015. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 157:656-663. [PMID: 32273199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma has increased for decades in most Western countries - a trend virtually restricted to women aged <50 or 60 years. In southern Europe, conversely, the trends have been insufficiently studied. This article reports a study from Italy. METHOD Thirty-eight local cancer registries, currently covering 15,274,070 women, equivalent to 49.2% of the Italian national female population, participated. Invasive cancers registered between 1990 and 2015 with an International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd revision, topography code C51 and morphology codes compatible with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (n = 6294) were eligible. Incidence trends were analysed using joinpoint regression models, with calculation of the estimated annual percent change (EAPC), and age-period-cohort models. RESULTS Total incidence showed a regular and significant decreasing trend (EAPC, -0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), -1.43 to -0.48). This was entirely accounted for by women aged ≥60 years (EAPC, -1.34; 95% CI, -1.86 to -0.81). For younger women, the EAPC between 1990 and 2012 was 1.20 (95% CI, 0.34 to 2.06) with a non-significant acceleration thereafter. This pattern did not vary substantially in a sensitivity analysis for the effect of geographic area and duration of the registry. The age-period-cohort analysis revealed a risk decrease in cohorts born between 1905 and 1940 and a new increase in cohorts born since 1945. CONCLUSIONS The decreasing trend observed among older women and the resulting decrease in total rate are at variance with reports from most Western countries. Age-period-cohort analysis confirmed a decreasing trend for earliest birth cohorts and an opposite one for recent ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mancini
- Romagna Cancer Registry, Romagna Cancer Institute, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Forlì, Italy
| | - Lauro Bucchi
- Romagna Cancer Registry, Romagna Cancer Institute, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Forlì, Italy
| | - Flavia Baldacchini
- Romagna Cancer Registry, Romagna Cancer Institute, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Forlì, Italy
| | - Orietta Giuliani
- Romagna Cancer Registry, Romagna Cancer Institute, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Forlì, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ravaioli
- Romagna Cancer Registry, Romagna Cancer Institute, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Forlì, Italy.
| | - Rosa Vattiato
- Romagna Cancer Registry, Romagna Cancer Institute, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Forlì, Italy
| | - Mario Preti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP), Ragusa, Italy
| | | | - Annibale Biggeri
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications G. Parenti, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angelita Brustolin
- Unit of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry, Local Health Authority, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Anna L Caiazzo
- Cancer Registry of Local Health Authority Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Adele Caldarella
- Tuscany Cancer Registry, Clinical and Descriptive Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Rosaria Cesaraccio
- Sassari Cancer Registry, Azienda Regionale per la Tutela della Salute - ATS, Sassari, Italy
| | - Claudia Cirilli
- Modena Cancer Registry, Public Health Department, Local Health Authority, Modena, Italy
| | - Annarita Citarella
- Cancer Registry, Department of Prevention, Unit of Epidemiology, Local Health Authority, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rosa A Filiberti
- Liguria Cancer Registry, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Rocco Galasso
- Unit of Regional Cancer Registry, Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IRCCS-CROB, Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luciana Gatti
- Mantova Cancer Registry, Epidemiology Unit, Agenzia di Tutela della Salute (ATS) della Val Padana, Mantova, Italy
| | - Fernanda L Lotti
- Brindisi Cancer Registry, Local Health Authority, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Michele Magoni
- Cancer Registry of Brescia Province, Epidemiology Unit, Brescia Health Protection Agency, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia Mangone
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Masanotti
- Section of Public Health and RTUP Register, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Walter Mazzucco
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Maria Michiara
- Parma Cancer Registry, Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Pesce
- Catania, Messina, and Enna Cancer Registry, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvano Piffer
- Trento Province Cancer Registry, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Trento, Italy
| | - Angela Pinto
- Barletta, Andria, Trani Cancer Registry, BAT Province, Barletta, Italy
| | - Magda Rognoni
- Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Registry of ATS Brianza, Health Protection Agency, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefano Rosso
- Piedmont Cancer Registry, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Veneto Tumour Registry, Azienda Zero, University of Padova-DIMED, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Tagliabue
- Lombardy Cancer Registry-Varese Province, Cancer Registry Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Toffolutti
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Susanna Vitarelli
- Macerata Province Cancer Registry, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Fabio Falcini
- Romagna Cancer Registry, Romagna Cancer Institute, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Forlì, Italy; Cancer Prevention Unit, Local Health Authority, Forlì, Italy
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Standardised profiling for tinnitus research: The European School for Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Research Screening Questionnaire (ESIT-SQ). Hear Res 2019; 377:353-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cartanyà-Hueso À, Lidón-Moyano C, Fu M, Perez-Ortuño R, Ballbè M, Matilla-Santander N, Martín-Sánchez JC, Pascual JA, Fernández E, Martínez-Sánchez JM. Comparison of TSNAs concentration in saliva according to type of tobacco smoked. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 172:73-80. [PMID: 30771628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) measured in saliva according to different types of tobacco smoked in a sample of smokers of the city of Barcelona (Spain). METHODS We used data from a cross-sectional study of a sample of the adult smoking population of Barcelona, Spain in 2013-2014 (n = 165). We classified smokers in five groups according to the type of tobacco smoked: a) manufactured cigarettes only, b) roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes only, c) dual smokers (both manufactured and RYO cigarettes), d) manufactured plus other types of tobacco products different from RYO and e) other types of tobacco products different from manufactured and RYO cigarettes. We calculated the geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) of TSNAs concentration in saliva (pg/mL), including N'-nitroaonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) according to the five tobacco groups. We also described all TSNAs concentration in each tobacco group stratified by the number of cigarettes smoked per day. RESULTS Smokers from the RYO cigarette group had higher TSNAs concentration than smokers from the manufactured cigarette group: 13 pg/mL vs 4.9 pg/mL of NNN, 1.9 pg/mL vs 1.7 pg/mL in NNK and 1.1 pg/mL vs 0.9 pg/mL of NNAL. There were significant differences in NNN concentrations between smokers of RYO vs manufactured cigarettes. The higher the number of cigarettes smoked, the higher the TSNAs concentrations. After adjusted by number of cigarettes smoked, there were not statistically significant differences in TSNAs between RYO and manufactured cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS Our data shows that RYO cigarette is at least as hazardous as manufactured cigarettes. Regulating RYO tobacco prices could be an effective strategy to control tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àurea Cartanyà-Hueso
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lidón-Moyano
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcela Fu
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Perez-Ortuño
- Group of Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neurosciences Programme, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Ballbè
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Addictions Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Matilla-Santander
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Martín-Sánchez
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Pascual
- Group of Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neurosciences Programme, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Martínez-Sánchez
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Carrer de Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Prevention and Control Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Minardi V, Ferrante G, D'Argenio P, Masocco M, Spizzichino L, Bietta C, Contoli B, Gallus S. Roll-your-own cigarette use in Italy: sales and consumer profile-data from PASSI surveillance, 2015-2016. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:423-430. [PMID: 30683951 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of roll-your-own (RYO) cigarette has substantially increased in most high-income countries recently. This work aims to update Italian trends on loose tobacco sales and to describe the consumer profile of predominant RYO users. METHODS Data from the Italian Agency of Customs and State Monopolies and from PASSI (Italian behavioral risk factor surveillance system) were used. Information on 16,858 interviews to current smokers aged 18-69 was analyzed. RESULTS Sales of loose tobacco increased more than sevenfold between 2004 and 2017. In 2015-2016, 11.6% of smokers reported smoking predominantly RYO cigarettes, with higher percentages among the youngest where a significant association between use of RYO and education was observed, unlike what happened in older adults. The association between economic difficulties and use of RYO was observed only in older adults. CONCLUSIONS A growing trend in RYO cigarette sales was registered between 2004 and 2017. In young smokers, the greater use of RYO was observed among the most educated regardless of financial strain, while in older ones among those with economic difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Minardi
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Ferrante
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Masocco
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spizzichino
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Italian Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Bietta
- Local Health Unit 2 of Umbria, Prevention Department, Epidemiology Unit, Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Contoli
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
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12
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Branston JR, McNeill A, Gilmore A, Hiscock R, Partos TR. Keeping smoking affordable in higher tax environments via smoking thinner roll-your-own cigarettes: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey 2006-15. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 193:110-116. [PMID: 30352334 PMCID: PMC6454889 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roll-Your-Own tobacco (RYO) use is increasingly popular in many countries: it is generally cheaper than factory-made cigarettes (FM), and smokers can further reduce costs by adjusting the amount of tobacco in each cigarette. However, the level of risk of RYO compared with FM cigarettes is similar and does not meaningfully change with cigarette weight. We assessed the weight of tobacco in RYO cigarettes across jurisdictions with differing tobacco taxes/prices and over time. METHOD Six waves of the International Tobacco Control 4 Country longitudinal study of smokers and recent ex-smokers, providing 3176 observations from exclusive RYO users covering 2006-15, are used to calculate the weight of tobacco used in RYO cigarettes in the US, Canada, Australia, and the UK. Multilevel regression analyses were used to compare weights across countries, socio-demographic factors, and over time. RESULTS Smokers in the UK and Australia, where tobacco is relatively expensive, show higher levels of exclusive RYO use (25.8% and 13.8% respectively) and lower mean weights of tobacco per RYO cigarette (0.51 g(sd 0.32 g) and 0.53 g(0.28 g)), compared with both Canada and especially the US (6.0% and 3.5%, and 0.76 g(0.45 g) and 1.07 g(0.51 g)). Smokers in the UK and Australia also exhibited a statistically significant year-on-year decrease in the mean weight of each RYO cigarette. CONCLUSIONS Taxation of RYO should increase considerably in the UK and Australia so that RYO and FM cigarettes are taxed equivalently to reduce RYO attractiveness and inequalities. Other measures to reduce the price differentials, including taxing RYO solely on weight, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert Branston
- School of Management, University of Bath, Claverton Down, BA2 7AY, Bath, UK.
| | - Ann McNeill
- UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies,King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, LONDON
| | - Anna Gilmore
- UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies,Department for Health, University of Bath, BATH
| | - Rosemary Hiscock
- UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies,Department for Health, University of Bath, BATH
| | - Timea R Partos
- UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies,King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, LONDON
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13
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Gender and Time-Related Differences in a Large Cohort of Heavy Smokers Applying for Treatment to a Tobacco Centre in Italy. J Smok Cessat 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/jsc.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Attempts to quit smoking have increased in recent years, but the patterns of variations over time are unknown. We aimed at describing time- and sex-related changes in a population of 2,231 subjects who adhered to a smoking-cessation programme lasting 13 years in Italy.Methods: We measured baseline expired carbon monoxide (expired-CO), Fagerstrom nicotine dependence, Q-MAT test, Zung depression and anxiety scale, Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS).Results: Study population included 1,278 men and 953 women who smoked a median of 25 (interquartile range, IQR: 20–32) and 20 (IQR: 20–30) cigarettes/day, respectively (p < 0.001). The proportion of female smokers increased from 37.5% in 2001–2003 to 46.9% in 2010–2013 (p = 0.003). There was a significant time-related reduction of median daily cigarette consumption, with a more noticeable decrease in men. Median expired-CO (parts per million (ppm)) increased only in women, from 18 (IQR: 14–23) in 2001–03 to 20 (IQR: 14–28) in 2010–13 (p = 0.001), whereas Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence did not vary. Differences in psychological characteristics in the last 3 years showed that women were more clinically depressed than men (16.6% versus 7.6%, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Despite a decrease in the number of daily cigarettes with time, expired-CO tends to increase in women, who are also more clinically depressed and anxious than men. A personalised approach to specific subgroups of smokers, with special emphasis on a psychological support for women, seems appropriate.
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14
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Masaoka H, Gallus S, Ito H, Watanabe M, Yokomizo A, Eto M, Matsuo K. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Polymorphism Is a Predictor of Smoking Cessation. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 19:1087-1094. [PMID: 27986911 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Smoking cessation has been known to be associated with drinking behaviors, which are influenced by polymorphisms in genes encoding alcohol metabolizing enzymes. The aim was to evaluate the impact of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2, rs671) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B, rs1229984) polymorphisms together with drinking behaviors on smoking cessation. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with 1137 former smokers and 1775 current smokers without any cancer at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital between 2001 and 2005. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for successful smoking cessation by comparing former smokers (quitters) with current smokers (non-quitters). Results Older age, lower amount of cumulative smoking exposure, lower number of cigarettes per day, younger age of smoking initiation, shorter smoking duration, longer time to first cigarette in the morning, and lower amount of drinking among ever drinkers were predictors of smoking cessation. After careful adjustment for age, sex, smoking patterns, and drinking status, the ORs for smoking cessation among subjects with ALDH2 Glu/Lys and Lys/Lys were 1.02 (95% CI 0.84-1.23) and 1.78 (95% CI 1.23-2.58) compared with those with ALDH2 Glu/Glu, respectively Mediation analyses confirmed that the effect of ALDH2 Lys/Lys on smoking cessation was independent by dinking behaviors. No statistically significant association between ADH1B polymorphism and smoking cessation was observed. Conclusions In our Japanese population, ALDH2 polymorphism predicts smoking cessation, independent by drinking behaviors. Interventions for promoting smoking cessation by ALDH2 polymorphism may be useful in Asian populations. Implications We newly show that subjects with ALDH2 Lys/Lys genotype in a functional polymorphism, rs671, are more likely to quit smoking than those with ALDH2 Glu allele in a Japanese population. Our finding suggests that ALDH2 polymorphism may be useful for promoting smoking cessation in those specific populations as East Asian ones with frequent ALDH2 Lys allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Masaoka
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miki Watanabe
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Yokomizo
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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15
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Lugo A, Zuccaro P, Pacifici R, Gorini G, Colombo P, La Vecchia C, Gallus S. Smoking in Italy in 2015-2016: prevalence, trends, roll-your-own cigarettes, and attitudes towards incoming regulations. TUMORI JOURNAL 2017; 103:353-359. [PMID: 28574129 DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2016, a series of selective tobacco regulations, which did not affect tobacco price, came into force in Italy. To understand how Italians accepted the new norms, we analyzed data from our 2 most recent surveys among those we annually conduct on tobacco. METHODS In 2015 and 2016, we conducted 2 representative cross-sectional studies focused on the new forthcoming tobacco legislation on a total sample of 6,046 Italians aged ≥15 years. RESULTS Overall, 21.4% of Italians (26.0% of men and 17.2% of women) were current smokers, showing a small but significant decrease in smoking prevalence since 2007 (p for trend = 0.004). No change in smoking prevalence was observed over the last decade among the young (i.e., 15-24 years; 20.1% in 2015-2016). Roll-your-own cigarettes were the most frequent tobacco product for 8.3% of adult smokers and 19.7% of young smokers. According to the attitudes of Italians towards the new regulations, 91.3% supported the smoking ban in cars in presence of minors, 90.2% a more stringent enforcement of the tobacco sales-to-minors regulation, 74.3% the introduction of shocking pictorial images on tobacco packs, and 63.2% the removal from the market of small cigarette packs, usually purchased by the young. CONCLUSIONS Smoking prevalence only marginally decreased over the last decade among adults, but did not decrease among the young. Roll-your-own tobacco is increasingly used by adults and young people. Before the entrance of the new norms, Italians largely supported them, particularly those targeting children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lugo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Milan - Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Zuccaro
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome - Italy
- Deceased. This work is dedicated to Piergiorgio's memory and all his work for tobacco control
| | - Roberta Pacifici
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome - Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gorini
- Unit of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute (ISPO), Florence - Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Istituto DOXA, Worldwide Independent Network/Gallup International Association (WIN/GIA), Milan - Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan - Italy
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Milan - Italy
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16
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Gallus S, Lugo A, Garattini S, Pacifici R, Mastrobattista L, Marzo G, Paglia L. General Practitioners and Dentists: A Call for Action Against Tobacco. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 18:2202-2208. [PMID: 27613892 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the frequency of advice to quit smoking received by the Italian population from general practitioners (GP) and dentists, we analyzed a cross-sectional study. METHODS A face-to-face survey was conducted in 2014 on 3052 individuals, representative of the general Italian population aged 15 years or more. RESULTS During the previous year, 89% of individuals (82% of smokers) reported that they had visited a GP while 71% (67% of smokers) had visited a dentist. Among smokers, 25% reported that they had received advice to quit smoking from their GP, and 26% from their dentist. Advice by GPs was less frequently received by smokers with higher education (multivariate odds ratios (OR) were 0.48 for intermediate and 0.38 for high as compared to low education), and more frequently by heavy smokers (≥15 cigarettes/day; OR = 1.78), those with intention to quit (OR = 2.59), with previous quit attempts (OR = 2.09), and those aware of the existence of smoking cessation services (OR = 1.59). Advice by dentists was more frequently received by smokers aged 25-44 years (OR = 3.55 compared to those aged 15-24) and those with an intention to quit (OR = 2.46). Among Italian current smokers, 32% reported that their GP and 17% that their dentist was a current smoker. The corresponding figures among young smokers were 40% and 26%, respectively. CONCLUSION Healthcare providers have the potential to become a key reference point in the fight against smoking. However, before acting, GPs and dentists should set a good example: those who smoke should urgently quit or at least refrain from smoking during working hours. IMPLICATIONS GPs and dentists, reaching the large majority of Italian smokers, can make a major contribution in the fight against tobacco. Future studies are needed to investigate possible reasons of the apparently high smoking prevalence among GPs, in order to develop tailored smoking cessation interventions for healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Gallus
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Garattini
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Pacifici
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Mastrobattista
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marzo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luigi Paglia
- Department of Maternal and Child Dentistry, Istituto Stomatologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione dell'Istituto Stomatologico Italiano (ISI), Milan, Italy
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17
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Gallus S, Asciutto R, Muttarak R, Pacifici R, La Vecchia C, Lugo A. Which group of smokers is more vulnerable to the economic crisis? Public Health 2016; 134:34-8. [PMID: 26753896 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies investigating whether smoking increases or decreases during economic downturn provided contrasting results. For the first time, we used direct questions to analyse changes in smoking behaviour due to the 2008 financial crisis, comparing socio-economic characteristics of smokers who changed with those who kept their smoking intensity. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS We used data from three annual surveys conducted in Italy in 2012-2014 on representative samples of the Italian general population aged ≥15 years. RESULTS A total of 1919 current smokers were asked specific questions on the influence of the economic crisis that started in 2008 on their smoking behaviour. Overall, 77.4% of 1919 current smokers reported not to have changed their smoking behaviour, 19.1% to have reduced, and 3.5% to have increased their smoking intensity as a consequence of the economic crisis. The reduction in cigarette smoking increased with age: compared to the respondents aged <25 years, the multivariate odds ratio (OR) for those aged 25-44, 45-64 and ≥65 years were 0.65, 0.46 and 0.33, respectively (P for trend<0.001). Reduction was significantly lower among intermediate (OR = 0.68 compared to low) and high education levels (OR = 0.28; P for trend<0.001). A significant inverse trend for increasing consumption was observed with age (P = 0.022), education (P = 0.003) and family income (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The large majority of current smokers did not change their smoking habit following the economic crisis. However, there are specific vulnerable subgroups of smokers, constituted by the young and subjects with low socio-economic status, that were reactive to the global economic crisis. These groups are more prone to change their smoking behaviours, either for better or -, in a smaller proportion -, for worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gallus
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy.
| | - R Asciutto
- Department of Sciences for the Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - R Muttarak
- Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Pacifici
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Lugo
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
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18
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Asciutto R, Lugo A, Pacifici R, Colombo P, Rota M, La Vecchia C, Gallus S. The Particular Story of Italians' Relation with Alcohol: Trends in Individuals' Consumption by Age and Beverage Type. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 51:347-53. [PMID: 26542605 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In Italy, sales data show a dramatic fall in alcohol consumption between 1970 and 2010. The aim of our study is to provide updated information on trends, prevalence and determinants of alcohol drinking in Italy, using individual-level data. METHODS Seven nationally representative cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Italy between 2006 and 2014, on a total sample of 21,416 participants aged ≥15 years, with available information on weekly consumption of wine, beer and spirits. RESULTS Per capita alcohol consumption decreased by 23% between 2006 and 2014 (from 5.6 to 4.4 drinks/week), due to the fall in wine drinking. Overall, the prevalence of alcohol drinkers was 61.6%. Individuals predominantly drinking wine were 35.3%, beer 11.1% and spirits 6.4%. A direct trend of drinking with age was observed for total alcohol (multivariate odds ratio, OR = 1.75 for ≥65 vs. 15-24 years) and predominant wine drinking (OR = 8.05), while an inverse trend was observed for beer (OR = 0.17) and spirit drinkers (OR = 0.33). Women (OR = 0.24), obese individuals (OR = 0.67) and those from southern Italy (OR = 0.63) were less frequently, while those with high education (OR = 1.97), ex- (OR = 1.46) and current smokers (OR = 2.17) were more frequently alcohol drinkers. CONCLUSION On the basis of individual-level data we confirm and further update to 2014 the decreasing trend in alcohol consumption in Italy over the last few decades, mainly due to the fall in wine consumption. This may be due to anti-alcohol policies, programs and campaigns adopted and developed over the last decade. It also reflects socio-cultural changes in drinking, particularly in younger generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Asciutto
- Department of Sciences for the Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care 'G. D'Alessandro', Hygiene Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Pacifici
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Istituto DOXA, Worldwide Independent Network/Gallup International Association (WIN/GIA), Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Rota
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy
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