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Giugliano FP, Navis M, Ouahoud S, Garcia TM, Kreulen IA, Ferrantelli E, Meisner S, Vermeulen JL, van Roest M, Billaud JN, Koster J, Dawood Y, de Bakker BS, Picavet-Havik DI, Schimmel IM, van der Wel NN, Koelink PJ, Wildenberg ME, Derikx JP, de Jonge WJ, Renes IB, van Elburg RM, Muncan V. Pro-inflammatory T cells-derived cytokines enhance the maturation of the human fetal intestinal epithelial barrier. iScience 2024; 27:109909. [PMID: 38812539 PMCID: PMC11134877 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Small intestine (SI) maturation during early life is pivotal in preventing the onset of gut diseases. In this study we interrogated the milestones of SI development by gene expression profiling and ingenuity pathway analyses. We identified a set of cytokines as main regulators of changes observed across different developmental stages. Upon cytokines stimulation, with IFNγ as the most contributing factor, human fetal organoids (HFOs) increase brush border gene expression and enzyme activity as well as trans-epithelial electrical resistance. Electron microscopy revealed developed brush border and loss of fetal cell characteristics in HFOs upon cytokine stimulation. We identified T cells as major source of IFNγ production in the fetal SI lamina propria. Co-culture of HFOs with T cells recapitulated the major effects of cytokine stimulation. Our findings underline pro-inflammatory cytokines derived from T cells as pivotal factors inducing functional SI maturation in vivo and capable of modulating the barrier maturation of HFOs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca P. Giugliano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Navis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Ouahoud
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tânia Martins Garcia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irini A.M. Kreulen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evelina Ferrantelli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Meisner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline L.M. Vermeulen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon van Roest
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Noël Billaud
- QIAGEN Digital Insights, 1001 Marshall Street, Redwood City, CA, USA
- DNAnexus, 204 El Camino Real, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Jan Koster
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yousif Dawood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernadette S. de Bakker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development research institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daisy I. Picavet-Havik
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irene M. Schimmel
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole N. van der Wel
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim J. Koelink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon E. Wildenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joep P.M. Derikx
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Center of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid B. Renes
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruurd M. van Elburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vanesa Muncan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Garrigues Q, Mugnier A, Chastant S, Sicard F, Martin JC, Svilar L, Castex M, Ramis-Vidal MG, Rovere N, Michaud L, David P, Mansalier E, Rodiles A, Mila H, Apper E. The supplementation of female dogs with live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 acts as gut stabilizer at whelping and modulates immunometabolic phenotype of the puppies. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1366256. [PMID: 38680531 PMCID: PMC11048480 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1366256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Time around parturition is a stressful period for both bitches and their puppies. The use of probiotics has been proposed, e.g., in pigs, to improve health status of sows, their reproductive performances and in turn, the health and performance of their progeny. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact, on both dams and puppies, of a supplementation of bitches with the live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-1079 (SB-1079) during the second part of the gestation and the lactation period. A total of 36 bitches of medium and large-sized breeds were enrolled. They were divided into two groups, one of which received 1.3 × 109 colony forming units of live yeast per day. At dam's level, SB-1079 yeast shaped a different microbiota structure between the two groups just after whelping, impacted alpha diversity and some plasma metabolites related to energy metabolism. Regarding reproductive performances, SB-1079 improved gross energy of the colostrum (1.4 vs. 1.2 kcal of ME/g) as well as the concentration of protein in milk at Day 7 after parturition (10.4 vs. 7.6%). SB-1079 also reduced the odds of having low birth weight in the litter. At puppy's level, a modulation of immunometabolic phenotype is suggested by the observation of increased growth rates during the early pediatric period (i.e., between 21 and 56 days of life, 225 vs. 190%) and a decrease of the IL-8:IL-10 ratio after vaccination against rabies (4.2 vs. 16.9). Our findings suggest that SB-1079 supplementation during gestation and lactation has the potential to enhance health of bitches and in turn health of puppies through maternal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Flavie Sicard
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- CriBioM, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Ljubica Svilar
- Aix-Marseille Université, C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Marseille, France
- CriBioM, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Manuel Guillermo Ramis-Vidal
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituo Murciano de Investigación en Biomedicina (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicoletta Rovere
- Department of HASFS, VESPA, University of Veterinary, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pauline David
- NeoCare, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Hanna Mila
- NeoCare, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Kang L, Pang J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wu Y, Wang J, Han D. L-arabinose Attenuates LPS-Induced Intestinal Inflammation and Injury through Reduced M1 Macrophage Polarization. J Nutr 2023; 153:3327-3340. [PMID: 37717628 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-arabinose has anti-inflammatory and metabolism-promoting properties, and macrophages participate in the alleviation of inflammation; however, the mechanism by which they contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of L-arabinose is unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the involvement of macrophages in the mitigation of L-arabinose in an intestinal inflammation model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups: a control and an LPS group that both received normal water supplementation, and an L-arabinose (ARA+LPS) group that received 5% L-arabinose supplementation. Mice in the LPS and ARA+LPS groups were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 mg/kg body weight), whereas the control group was intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of saline. Intestinal morphology, cytokines, tight junction proteins, macrophage phenotypes, and microbial communities were profiled at 6 h postinjection. RESULTS L-arabinose alleviated LPS-induced damage to intestinal morphology. L-arabinose down-regulated serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and toll-like receptor-4 in jejunum and colon compared with those of the LPS group (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of occludin and claudin-1 were significantly increased by L-arabinose (P < 0.05). Interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF-5) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1), key genes characterized by M1 macrophages, were elevated in the jejunum and colon of LPS mice (P < 0.05) but decreased in the ARA+LPS mice (P < 0.05). In vitro, L-arabinose decreased the proportion of M1 macrophages and inhibited mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, as well as IRF-5 and STAT-1 (P < 0.01). Moreover, L-arabinose restored the abundance of norank_f__Muribaculaceae, Faecalibaculum, Dubosiella, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, and Paraasutterella compared with those of LPS (P < 0.05) and increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory effects of L-arabinose are achieved by reducing M1 macrophage polarization, suggesting that L-arabinose could be a candidate functional food or nutritional strategy for intestinal inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyuan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaman Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yisi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Martins RDS, Kooi EMW, Poelstra K, Hulscher JBF. The role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. Early Hum Dev 2023; 183:105797. [PMID: 37300991 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating neonatal disease that affects neonates worldwide and often leads to high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite extensive research, the cause of NEC remains unclear, and current treatment options are limited. An important novel finding is the potential role of intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase (IAP) in both pathogenesis and treatment of NEC. IAP can play a vital role in detoxifying liposaccharides (LPS), a key mediator of many pathological processes, thereby reducing the inflammatory response associated with NEC. Furthermore, IAP can help prevent dysbiosis, improve intestinal perfusion, and promote autophagy. In this comprehensive review, we present evidence of the possible connection between IAP and the LPS/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway, impaired gut immunity, and dysbiosis in the preterm gut. Based on these findings, the administration of exogenous IAP might provide promising preventive and therapeutic avenues for the management of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Dos Santos Martins
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Elisabeth M W Kooi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Nanomedicine and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan B F Hulscher
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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5
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Decorated bacteria and the application in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114443. [PMID: 35817214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of living bacteria either as therapeutic agents or drug carriers has shown great potential in treating a multitude of intractable diseases. However, cells are often fragile to unfriendly environmental stressors and limited by inadequately therapeutic responses, leading to unwanted cell death and a decline in treatment efficacy. Surface decoration of bacteria has emerged as a simple yet useful strategy that not only confers bacteria with extra capacity to resist environmental threats but also endows them with exogenous characteristics that are neither inherent nor naturally achievable. In this review, we systematically introduce the advancements of physicochemical and biological technologies for surface modification of bacteria, especially the single-cell surface decoration strategies of individual bacteria. We highlight the recent progress on surface decoration that aims to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of therapeutic bacterial agents and also to achieve enhanced and targeted delivery of conventional drugs. The promises along with challenges of surface-decorated bacteria as drug delivery systems for applications in cancer therapy, intestinal disease treatment, bioimaging, and diagnosis are further discussed with respect to future clinical translation. This review offers an overview of the advances of decorated bacteria for drug delivery applications and would contribute to the development of the next generation of advanced bacterial-based therapies.
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6
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Xu Q, Zhao W, Li Y, Zou X, Dong X. Intestinal Immune Development Is Accompanied by Temporal Deviation in Microbiota Composition of Newly Hatched Pigeon Squabs. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0189221. [PMID: 35579441 PMCID: PMC9241753 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01892-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the interaction between intestinal mucosal immune system development and commensal microbiota colonization in neonates is of paramount importance for understanding how early life events affect resistance to disease later in life. However, knowledge about this interaction during the early posthatch development period in altrices is limited. To fill this gap, samples of intestinal content and tissue were collected from newly hatched pigeon squabs at four time points (days 0, 7, 14, and 21) for microbial community analysis and genome-wide transcriptome profiling, respectively. We show that the first week after hatching seems to be the critical window for ileal microbiota colonization and that a potentially stable microbiota has not yet been well established at 21 days of age. Regional transcriptome differences revealed that the jejunum rather than the ileum plays a crucial role in immunity at both the innate and adaptive levels. In the ileum, temporal deviation in innate immune-related genes mainly occurs in the first week of life and is accompanied by a temporal change in microbiota composition, indicating that the ileal innate mucosal immune system development regulated by microbial colonization occurs mainly in this period. Furthermore, we provide evidence that colonization by Escherichia and Lactobacillus within the first week of life is likely one of the causative factors for the induction of proinflammatory cytokine expression in the ileum. We also demonstrate that cellular adaptive immune responses mediated by Th17 cells following commensal-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in the ileum begin as early as the first week posthatch, but this cellular immunity seems to be less effective in terms of maintaining the inflammatory response balance. Because the induction of high levels of mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) seems to take approximately 3 weeks, we favor the idea that humoral adaptive immunity might be less active, at least, during the first 2 weeks of life. Our data may help to explain the phenomenon of the occurrence of intestinal infections mainly in the ileum of pigeon squabs during the early posthatch period. IMPORTANCE The pigeon (Columba livia), an altricial bird, is one of the most economically important farmed poultry for table purposes. Identifying the interaction between intestinal mucosal immune system development and commensal microbiota colonization in neonates is of paramount importance for understanding how early life events affect resistance to disease and potential productivity later in life. However, knowledge about this interaction during the early posthatch development period in altricial birds is limited. The study described herein is the first to try to provide insights into this interaction. Our data provide evidence on the mutual relationship between intestinal mucosal immune system development and commensal microbiota colonization in pigeon squabs and may help to explain the phenomenon of the occurrence of intestinal infections mainly in the ileum of pigeon squabs during the early posthatch period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Pandey U, Aich P. Postnatal intestinal mucosa and gut microbial composition develop hand in hand: A mouse study. Biomed J 2022; 46:100519. [PMID: 35306225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the early postnatal life, gut microbiota development experiences dynamic changes in their structural and functional composition. The postnatal period is the critical window to develop a host defense mechanism. The maturation of intestinal mucosal barrier integrity is one of the essential defense mechanisms to prevent the entry of pathogens. However, the co-development of intestinal microbial colonization, formation of barrier integrity, and intestinal epithelial cell layer is not entirely understood. METHODS We studied the gut microbial composition and diversity using 16S rRNA marker gene-based sequencing in mice to understand postnatal age-dependent association kinetics between gut microbial and intestinal development. Next, we assessed the intestinal development by in vivo gut permeability assay, mRNA gene expression of different tight junction proteins and intestinal epithelial cell markers, goblet cells population, villus length, and cecal IgA quantification. RESULTS Our results showed a significant shift in gut microbial structural and functional composition from postnatal day 14 onwards with early life Proteobacteria abundance. Relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia was maximum at postnatal day 14 and showed a gradual decrease over time. We also observed an age-dependent biphasic pattern in barrier integrity improvement and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). A significant improvement in barrier integrity between days 1 and 7 showed the host factor contribution, while that beyond day 14 revealed an association with changes in microbiota composition. Our temporal correlation analysis associated Bacteroidetes phylum with the mucosal barrier formation during postnatal development. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed the importance and interplay of host factors and the microbiome in gut development and intestinal mucosal homeostasis.
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Hao W, Hao C, Wu C, Xu Y, Jin C. Aluminum induced intestinal dysfunction via mechanical, immune, chemical and biological barriers. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132556. [PMID: 34648793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in the Earth's crust, which exists naturally in the form of aluminum compounds. Aluminum is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, which varies with different aluminum compounds. During this process, aluminum could induce the disruption of intestinal mucosa barrier. However, its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Previous studies have reported that aluminum can firstly promote the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, destroy the structure of tight-junction proteins, and increase the intestinal permeability, injuring the mechanical barrier of gut. Also, it can induce the activation of immune cells to secrete inflammatory factors, and trigger immune responses, interfering with immune barrier. Moreover, aluminum treatment can regulate intestinal composition and bio-enzyme activity, impairing the function of chemical barrier. In addition, aluminum accumulation can induce an imbalance of the intestinal flora, inhibit the growth of beneficial bacteria, and promote the proliferation of harmful bacteria, which ultimately disrupting biological barrier. Collectively, aluminum may do extensive damage to intestinal barrier function covering mechanical barrier, immune barrier, chemical barrier and biological barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudi Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Chenyu Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Chengrong Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, PR China.
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9
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Zhu LB, Zhang YC, Huang HH, Lin J. Prospects for clinical applications of butyrate-producing bacteria. World J Clin Pediatr 2021; 10:84-92. [PMID: 34616650 PMCID: PMC8465514 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v10.i5.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the major source of energy for colonic mucosal cells and as an important regulator of gene expression, inflammation, differentiation, and apoptosis in host cells, microbiota-derived butyrate can enhance the intestinal mucosal immune barrier, modulate systemic immune response, and prevent infections. Maintaining a certain level of butyrate production in the gut can help balance intestinal microbiota, regulate host immune response, and promote the development and maintenance of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Butyrate-producing bacteria act as probiotics and play important roles in a variety of normal biological functions. Bacteriotherapeutic supplementation by using fecal microbiota transplantation to restore butyrate-producing commensal bacteria in the gut has been very successful in the treatment of recurrent and refractory Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection or C. difficile-negative nosocomial diarrhea. Administration of probiotics that include butyrate-producing bacteria may have a role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in premature infants. Furthermore, modulating gut microbiota with dietary approaches may improve intestinal dysbiosis commonly seen in patients with obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Supplementation with a butyrate-producing bacterial stain might be used to increase energy expenditure, improve insulin sensitivity, and to help control obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bin Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Han-Hui Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
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10
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Luo Q, Lei X, Xu J, Jahangir A, He J, Huang C, Liu W, Cheng A, Tang L, Geng Y, Chen Z. An altered gut microbiota in duck-origin parvovirus infection on cherry valley ducklings is associated with mucosal barrier dysfunction. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101021. [PMID: 33677399 PMCID: PMC7940990 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck-origin parvovirus disease is an epidemic disease mainly caused by duck-origin goose parvovirus (D-GPV), which is characterized by beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome. Its main symptoms are persistent diarrhea, skeletal dysplasia, and growth retardation. However, the pathogenesis of Cherry Valley ducks infected by D-GPV has not been studied thoroughly. To perceive the distribution of D-GPV in the intestinal tract, intestinal morphological development, intestinal permeability, inflammatory cytokines in Cherry Valley ducks, and expression of tight junction protein, the D-GPV infection was given intramuscularly. Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology was used to analyze the diversity and structure of ileum flora and content of short-chain fatty acids of its metabolites. To investigate the relationship between intestinal flora changes and intestinal barrier function after D-GPV infection on Cherry Valley ducks is of great theoretical and practical significance for further understanding the pathogenesis of D-GPV and the structure of intestinal flora in ducks. The results showed that D-GPV infection was accompanied by intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction. At this time, the decrease of a large number of beneficial bacteria and the content of short-chain fatty acids in intestinal flora led to the weakening of colonization resistance of the intestinal flora and the accumulation of potentially pathogenic bacteria, which would aggravate the negative effect of D-GPV damage to the intestinal tract. Furthermore, a significant increase in Unclassified_S24-7 and decrease in Streptococcus was observed in D-GPV persistent, indicating the disruption in the structure of gut microbiota. Notably, the shift of microbiota was associated with the transcription of tight-junction protein and immune-associated cytokines. These results indicate that altered ileum microbiota, intestinal barrier, and immune dysfunction are associated with D-GPV infection. Therefore, there is a relationship between the intestinal barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis caused by D-GPV, but the specific mechanism needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Asad Jahangir
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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11
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Inhibition of A 2B Adenosine Receptor Attenuates Intestinal Injury in a Rat Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1562973. [PMID: 32714089 PMCID: PMC7354672 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1562973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a lethal gastrointestinal tract disease that occurs in premature infants. Adenosine receptor A2B (A2BR) regulates the inflammation cytokine secretion and immune cell infiltration in the colonic pathophysiology conditions. In the present study, we aim to determine the roles of A2BR in the development of NEC. A NEC rat model was established and treated with A2BR agonist-BAY60-6583 or A2BR antagonist-PSB1115. Animals in the control group were free from any interventions. Our results showed that the inhibition of A2BR PSB1115 improved intestinal injury and inflammation in newborn NEC rats. The expression levels of caspase-3 and the ratio of apoptotic cells were upregulated in NEC rats, and these indices were downregulated after treating with PSB1115 but further upregulated by BAY60-6583. Meanwhile, a similar trend was also witnessed in the changes of MPO activities and proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. However, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the NECP group was significantly higher than that in the NEC and NECB groups (p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the expression of Ki67 was significantly increased in the NECP group as compared with those of the NEC and the NECB groups (p < 0.05, respectively). Collectively, our study suggested that the inhibition of A2BR attenuates NEC in the neonatal rat, at least partially through the modulation of inflammation and the induction of epithelial cell proliferation.
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12
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Roodsant T, Navis M, Aknouch I, Renes IB, van Elburg RM, Pajkrt D, Wolthers KC, Schultsz C, van der Ark KCH, Sridhar A, Muncan V. A Human 2D Primary Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayer Model to Study Host-Pathogen Interaction in the Small Intestine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:272. [PMID: 32656095 PMCID: PMC7326037 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut organoids are stem cell derived 3D models of the intestinal epithelium that are useful for studying interactions between enteric pathogens and their host. While the organoid model has been used for both bacterial and viral infections, this is a closed system with the luminal side being inaccessible without microinjection or disruption of the organoid polarization. In order to overcome this and simplify their applicability for transepithelial studies, permeable membrane based monolayer approaches are needed. In this paper, we demonstrate a method for generating a monolayer model of the human fetal intestinal polarized epithelium that is fully characterized and validated. Proximal and distal small intestinal organoids were used to generate 2D monolayer cultures, which were characterized with respect to epithelial cell types, polarization, barrier function, and gene expression. In addition, viral replication and bacterial translocation after apical infection with enteric pathogens Enterovirus A71 and Listeria monocytogenes were evaluated, with subsequent monitoring of the pro-inflammatory host response. This human 2D fetal intestinal monolayer model will be a valuable tool to study host-pathogen interactions and potentially reduce the use of animals in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roodsant
- Department of Global Health-Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marit Navis
- Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ikrame Aknouch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Viroclinics Xplore, Schaijk, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid B Renes
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruurd M van Elburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katja C Wolthers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Department of Global Health-Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kees C H van der Ark
- Department of Global Health-Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adithya Sridhar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vanesa Muncan
- Tytgat Institute for Intestinal and Liver Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Lemas DJ, Mack JA, Schoch JJ, Cacho N, Plasencia E, Rhoton-Vlasak AS, Neu J, Thompson L, Francois M, Patel K, Hogan WR, Lipori GP, Gurka MJ. Postnatal pediatric systemic antibiotic episodes during the first three years of life are not associated with mode of delivery. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229861. [PMID: 32130278 PMCID: PMC7055886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delivery by cesarean section (C-section) is associated with adverse short-term and long-term infant outcomes. Given that antibiotics during early life are prescribed for infant outcomes that are more likely among c-section deliveries, we hypothesized that postnatal antibiotic exposure will be greater among c-section infants compared to vaginally delivered infants. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper was to evaluate if mode of infant delivery was associated with patterns of systemic antibiotic exposure in children during their first three years. METHODS Pediatric electronic health records from UFHealth, 2011 to 2017 were reviewed. We included singleton, term infants (37-42 weeks gestation) with a birth weight ≥ 2500 grams, with documented mode of delivery and well visits on record. Infants with a neonatal intensive care unit stay were excluded. Both oral and intravenous antibiotics for a 10-day duration were classified as a single episode. The primary outcome was antibiotic episodes in the first three years of life, and a sub-analysis was performed to compare broad-spectrum versus narrow-spectrum antibiotic exposures. RESULTS The mean number of antibiotic episodes in 4,024 full-term infants was 0.34 (SD = 0.79) and 24.1% of infants had at least one antibiotic episode. Penicillins were the most prescribed antibiotic in children 0-1 years (66.9%) and cephalosporins were the most common antibiotic prescribed for children 1-3 years (56.2%). We did not detect a meaningful or significant rate ratio (RR) between mode of delivery and overall antibiotic episodes 1.14 (95% CI 0.99, 1.31), broad-spectrum episodes 1.19 (95% CI 0.93, 1.52, or narrow-spectrum episodes 1.14 (95% CI 0.97, 1.34). CONCLUSION Our results do not support the hypothesis that postnatal antibiotic exposure was greater among infants delivered by cesarean section compare to infants delivered vaginally during the first three years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick J. Lemas
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jasmine A. Mack
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Schoch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nicole Cacho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Plasencia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alice S. Rhoton-Vlasak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Magda Francois
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Keval Patel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - William R. Hogan
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gloria P. Lipori
- University of Florida Health Shands Hospital, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Gurka
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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14
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Beltrán Higuera SJ, Cruz Bulla M, Pedraza Salcedo EC, Mendivelso Duarte FO. Sensibilidad antimicrobiana en aislamientos de líquido peritoneal de niños intervenidos por abdomen agudo e infección intraabdominal. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CIRUGÍA 2019. [DOI: 10.30944/20117582.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La apendicitis aguda es causa frecuente de infección intraabdominal en pediatría. La elección del antibiótico se basa en los hallazgos quirúrgicos macroscópicos, el criterio médico, las guías locales o internacionales y, en pocas ocasiones, en el resultado de los aislamientos bacterianos en cultivos de líquido peritoneal y las tasas locales de resistencia. Se analizaron la frecuencia y la sensibilidad microbiológica de los cultivos de muestras de líquido peritoneal de pacientes de un mes a 16 años de edad con manejo quirúrgico por abdomen agudo con sospecha de infección intraabdominal. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo de cohorte con análisis de las historias clínicas y de resultados de laboratorio de niños sometidos a cirugía por abdomen agudo, en la que el cirujano tomó muestra del líquido peritoneal para la tipificación y determinación de los perfiles de sensibilidad de los microorganismos aislados. Los datos se analizaron con el programa Stata™, versión15.0. Resultados. Se identificaron 303 casos, de los cuales el 93,6 % recibió profilaxis antibiótica con ampicilina-sulbactam y clindamicina-amikacina. El 95,3 % de los procedimientos fueron apendicectomías. Se tomó cultivo del 50 % de las apendicitis perforadas. Se aislaron 48 microorganismos; el más frecuente (2,7 %) fue Escherichia coli positiva para BLEE. El 100 % de los microorganismos resultaron ser sensibles a la amikacina, el 97,2 % al meropenem, y el 94,4 %, a la ciprofloxacina, el cefepime y el ceftazidime. La resistencia más frecuente (37,1 %) fue contra la combinación de ampicilina y sulbactam, en los gérmenes Gram negativos. Discusión. La evaluación de la sensibilidad antimicrobiana de los aislamientos de líquido peritoneal de los procedimientos quirúrgicos en pediatría, es una buena práctica clínica que orienta al cirujano en la adecuada selección del esquema antibiótico y, además, disminuye el riesgo de falla terapéutica temprana y la posibilidad de mayor resistencia o complicaciones infecciosas.
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15
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Feng N, Guan W. Expression fusion immunogen by live attenuated Escherichia coli against enterotoxins infection in mice. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:946-961. [PMID: 31210426 PMCID: PMC6680629 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous epidemiological studies have shown that enterotoxins from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) appear to be the most important causes of neonatal piglet and porcine post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD). Thus, it is necessary to develop an effective vaccine against ETEC infection. In the present study, the Kil cassette was inserted into the pseudogene yaiT by homologous recombination to create an attenuated E. coli double selection platform O142(yaiT-Kil). After that, PRPL-Kil was replaced with a fusion gene (LTA1-STa13 -STb-LTA2-LTB-STa13 -STb) to establish oral vaccines O142(yaiT::LTA1-STa13 -STb-LTA2-LTB-STa13 -STb) (ER-T). Subsequently, BALB/c mice were orally immunized with ER-T. Results showed that serum IgG and faecal sIgA responded against all ETEC enterotoxins and induced F41 antibody in BALB/c mice by orogastrically inoculation with recombinant E. coli ER-T. Moreover, the determination of cellular immune response demonstrated that the stimulation index (SI) was significantly higher in immunized mice than in control mice, and a clear trend in the helper T-cell (Th) response was Th2-cell (IL-4) exceed Th1-cell (IFN-γ).Our results indicated that recombinant E. coli ER-T provides effective protection against ETEC infection.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Diarrhea/microbiology
- Diarrhea/prevention & control
- Diarrhea/veterinary
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli/immunology
- Enterotoxins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Enterotoxins/genetics
- Enterotoxins/immunology
- Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology
- Escherichia coli Infections/prevention & control
- Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary
- Escherichia coli Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Escherichia coli Vaccines/immunology
- Feces/chemistry
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Swine
- Swine Diseases/microbiology
- Swine Diseases/prevention & control
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Feng
- College of Life Science and Resource EnvironmentYichun UniversityYichunChina
| | - Weikun Guan
- College of Life Science and Resource EnvironmentYichun UniversityYichunChina
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16
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Jin YT, Duan Y, Deng XK, Lin J. Prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants – an updated review. World J Clin Pediatr 2019; 8:23-32. [PMID: 31065543 PMCID: PMC6477149 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v8.i2.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is among the most common and devastating diseases encountered in premature infants, yet the true etiology continues to be poorly understood despite decades of research. Recently, gut bacterial dysbiosis has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of NEC. Based on this theory, several best clinical practices designed to reduce the risk of NEC have been proposed and/or implemented. This review summarizes the results of recent clinical trials and meta-analyses that support some of the existing clinical practices for reducing the risk of NEC in premature infants. It is evident that human milk feeding can reduce the incidence of NEC. While most of the studies demonstrated that probiotic supplementation can significantly reduce the incidence of NEC in premature infants, there are still some concerns regarding the quality, safety, optimal dosage, and treatment duration of probiotic preparations. Antibiotic prophylaxis does not reduce the incidence of NEC, and prolonged initial empirical use of antibiotics might in fact increase the risk of NEC for high-risk premature infants. Lastly, standardized feeding protocols are strongly recommended, both for prevention of postnatal growth restriction and NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Jin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Duan
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Kai Deng
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
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17
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McNeil JC, Campbell JR, Crews JD. The Role of the Environment and Colonization in Healthcare-Associated Infections. HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN 2019. [PMCID: PMC7120697 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98122-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be caused by endogenous host microbial flora or by exogenous microbes, including those found in the hospital environment. Efforts to decrease endogenous pathogens via decolonization and skin antisepsis may decrease the risk of infection in some settings. Controlling the spread of potential pathogens from the environment requires meticulous attention to cleaning and disinfection practices. In addition to selection of the appropriate cleaning agent, use of tools that assess the adequacy of cleaning and addition of no-touch cleaning technology may decrease environmental contamination. Hand hygiene is also a critical component of preventing transmission of pathogens from the environment to patients via healthcare worker hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Chase McNeil
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Judith R. Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jonathan D. Crews
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and The Children’s Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
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18
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Perez-Pardo P, Dodiya H, Engen P, Naqib A, Forsyth C, Green S, Garssen J, Keshavarzian A, Kraneveld A. Gut bacterial composition in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:799-814. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unknown but it has been hypothesised that the intestinal tract could be an initiating and contributing factor to the neurodegenerative processes. In PD patients as well as in animal models for PD, alpha-synuclein-positive enteric neurons in the colon and evidence of colonic inflammation have been demonstrated. Moreover, several studies reported pro-inflammatory bacterial dysbiosis in PD patients. Here, we report for the first time significant changes in the composition of caecum mucosal associated and luminal microbiota and the associated metabolic pathways in a rotenone-induced mouse model for PD. The mouse model for PD, induced by the pesticide rotenone, is associated with an imbalance in the gut microbiota, characterised by a significant decrease in the relative abundance of the beneficial commensal bacteria genus Bifidobacterium. Overall, intestinal bacterial dysbiosis might play an important role in both the disruption of intestinal epithelial integrity and intestinal inflammation, which could lead or contribute to the observed alpha-synuclein aggregation and PD pathology in the intestine and central nervous system in the oral rotenone mouse model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Perez-Pardo
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H.B. Dodiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - P.A. Engen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - A. Naqib
- DNA Services Facility, University of Illinois, 835 S Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - C.B. Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - S.J. Green
- DNA Services Facility, University of Illinois, 835 S Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - J. Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A. Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - A.D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
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19
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Altan S, Koç Y, Alkan F, Sayın Z, Erol M. Impact of bacterial translocation in calves with atresia coli. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2018; 28:261-268. [PMID: 29608243 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify whether enteric bacteria pass into the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and peritoneal cavity in calves with atresia coli and to evaluate whether the presence of bacterial translocation (BT) has an impact on the success of surgical treatment. DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS Twenty-six client-owned calves. INTERVENTIONS During laparotomy, swab samples were collected from the peritoneal cavity and MLNs using a sterile swab stick and were submitted for microbiological analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Bacterial cultures of swab samples revealed that 65% (n = 17) of the calves experienced BT. Of these, 14 calves experienced BT to the MLNs, 9 to the peritoneal cavity, and 5 to both regions. Of the bacteria isolated from the MLNs, 72% (n = 10) were Escherichia coli. Of the samples isolated from the peritoneal fluid, 33% (n = 3) contained E. coli and 33% (n = 3) contained E. coli + coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS). In calves with BT that were discharged (n = 13) and without BT that were discharged (n = 7), the median survival was 30 days; these data were found to be similar in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that BT is observed in the majority of atresia coli cases. E. coli is more common in BT, and translocation occurs primarily through the lymphatic route. These results suggest that the presence of BT is closely related to the success of the operation for correction of atresia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semih Altan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Dicle, 21280, Diyarbakır, Turkey (Altan)
| | - Yılmaz Koç
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery (Koç and Alkan)
| | - Fahrettin Alkan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery (Koç and Alkan)
| | - Zafer Sayın
- Department of Microbiology (Sayın), University of Selçuk, 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Erol
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Balıkesir, 10145 Balıkesir, Turkey (Erol)
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Tetel MJ, de Vries GJ, Melcangi RC, Panzica G, O'Mahony SM. Steroids, stress and the gut microbiome-brain axis. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:10.1111/jne.12548. [PMID: 29024170 PMCID: PMC6314837 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming well established that the gut microbiome has a profound impact on human health and disease. In this review, we explore how steroids can influence the gut microbiota and, in turn, how the gut microbiota can influence hormone levels. Within the context of the gut microbiome-brain axis, we discuss how perturbations in the gut microbiota can alter the stress axis and behaviour. In addition, human studies on the possible role of gut microbiota in depression and anxiety are examined. Finally, we present some of the challenges and important questions that need to be addressed by future research in this exciting new area at the intersection of steroids, stress, gut-brain axis and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tetel
- Neuroscience Program, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - G J de Vries
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R C Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Panzica
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Università degli Studi di Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - S M O'Mahony
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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21
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Effects of Gliadin consumption on the Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice Fed a High-fat Diet. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44613. [PMID: 28300220 PMCID: PMC5353615 DOI: 10.1038/srep44613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary gluten causes severe disorders like celiac disease in gluten-intolerant humans. However, currently understanding of its impact in tolerant individuals is limited. Our objective was to test whether gliadin, one of the detrimental parts of gluten, would impact the metabolic effects of an obesogenic diet. Mice were fed either a defined high-fat diet (HFD) containing 4% gliadin (n = 20), or a gliadin-free, isocaloric HFD (n = 20) for 23 weeks. Combined analysis of several parameters including insulin resistance, histology of liver and adipose tissue, intestinal microbiota in three gut compartments, gut barrier function, gene expression, urinary metabolites and immune profiles in intestinal, lymphoid, liver and adipose tissues was performed. Mice fed the gliadin-containing HFD displayed higher glycated hemoglobin and higher insulin resistance as evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment, more hepatic lipid accumulation and smaller adipocytes than mice fed the gliadin-free HFD. This was accompanied by alterations in the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, gut barrier function, urine metabolome, and immune phenotypes within liver and adipose tissue. Our results reveal that gliadin disturbs the intestinal environment and affects metabolic homeostasis in obese mice, suggesting a detrimental effect of gluten intake in gluten-tolerant subjects consuming a high-fat diet.
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22
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Verstraete EH, Mahieu L, De Coen K, Vogelaers D, Blot S. Impact of healthcare-associated sepsis on mortality in critically ill infants. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:943-52. [PMID: 27118596 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Healthcare-associated sepsis (HAS) is a life-threatening complication in neonatal intensive care. Research into the impact of HAS on mortality adjusted for comorbidities is however limited. We conducted a historical cohort study to evaluate impact of HAS on mortality stratified by birth weight and risk factors for mortality in the HAS cohort. HAS was defined according to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development criteria. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds of mortality. Of 5134 admissions, 342 infants developed HAS (6.7 %). Mortality in the total and HAS cohort was 5.6 and 10.5 %, respectively. The majority of HAS was caused by commensals (HAS-COM, 59.4 %) and 40.6 % by recognized pathogens (HAS-REC). Adjusted for comorbidities, "HAS-REC" is only a risk factor for mortality in newborns >1500 g (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.3, confidence interval [CI] 1.1-4.9). Post-hoc analysis identified HAS-REC as an independent risk factor for mortality in infants with gastrointestinal disease (aOR 4.8, CI 2.1-10.8). "Renal insufficiency," "focal intestinal perforation," and "necrotizing enterocolitis" are independent risk factors for mortality in the HAS cohort (aOR 13.5, CI 4.9-36.6; aOR 7.7, CI 1.5-39.2; aOR 2.1, CI 1.0-4.7, respectively). CONCLUSION For very low birth weight infants (≤1500 g), several comorbidities overrule the impact of HAS on mortality. After adjustment for comorbidities, HAS-REC independently predicts in-hospital mortality in heavier infants and in those with gastrointestinal disease. WHAT IS KNOWN • The relationship between healthcare-associated sepsis and mortality is influenced by the causative pathogen and is confounded by comorbidities. • Research on impact of healthcare-associated sepsis on mortality adjusted for comorbidities is limited as well as research on independent risk factors for mortality in neonates with sepsis. What is New: • We included a large list of comorbidities and stratified risk by birth weight in order to assess the true effect of healthcare-associated sepsis on mortality. • Risk for mortality was calculated for commensal flora and for recognized pathogens as causative micro-organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ludo Mahieu
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris De Coen
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vogelaers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Psychosomatic Disorders, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Blot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Oriá RB, Murray-Kolb LE, Scharf RJ, Pendergast LL, Lang DR, Kolling GL, Guerrant RL. Early-life enteric infections: relation between chronic systemic inflammation and poor cognition in children. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:374-86. [PMID: 27142301 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota undergoes active remodeling in the first 6 to 18 months of life, during which time the characteristics of the adult microbiota are developed. This process is strongly influenced by the early diet and enteric pathogens. Enteric infections and malnutrition early in life may favor microbiota dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, resulting in intestinal barrier dysfunction and translocation of intestinal bacterial products, ultimately leading to low-grade, chronic, subclinical systemic inflammation. The leaky gut-derived low-grade systemic inflammation may have profound consequences on the gut-liver-brain axis, compromising normal growth, metabolism, and cognitive development. This review examines recent data suggesting that early-life enteric infections that lead to intestinal barrier disruption may shift the intestinal microbiota toward chronic systemic inflammation and subsequent impaired cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo B Oriá
- R.B. Oriá is with the Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. L.E. Murray-Kolb is with The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. R.J. Scharf, G. Kolling, and R.L. Guerrant are with the Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. L.L. Pendergast is with the School Psychology Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. D.R. Lang is with the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- R.B. Oriá is with the Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. L.E. Murray-Kolb is with The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. R.J. Scharf, G. Kolling, and R.L. Guerrant are with the Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. L.L. Pendergast is with the School Psychology Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. D.R. Lang is with the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca J Scharf
- R.B. Oriá is with the Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. L.E. Murray-Kolb is with The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. R.J. Scharf, G. Kolling, and R.L. Guerrant are with the Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. L.L. Pendergast is with the School Psychology Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. D.R. Lang is with the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura L Pendergast
- R.B. Oriá is with the Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. L.E. Murray-Kolb is with The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. R.J. Scharf, G. Kolling, and R.L. Guerrant are with the Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. L.L. Pendergast is with the School Psychology Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. D.R. Lang is with the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dennis R Lang
- R.B. Oriá is with the Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. L.E. Murray-Kolb is with The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. R.J. Scharf, G. Kolling, and R.L. Guerrant are with the Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. L.L. Pendergast is with the School Psychology Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. D.R. Lang is with the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Glynis L Kolling
- R.B. Oriá is with the Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. L.E. Murray-Kolb is with The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. R.J. Scharf, G. Kolling, and R.L. Guerrant are with the Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. L.L. Pendergast is with the School Psychology Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. D.R. Lang is with the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard L Guerrant
- R.B. Oriá is with the Laboratory of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. L.E. Murray-Kolb is with The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. R.J. Scharf, G. Kolling, and R.L. Guerrant are with the Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. L.L. Pendergast is with the School Psychology Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. D.R. Lang is with the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Cassir N, Simeoni U, La Scola B. Gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:273-92. [PMID: 26855351 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a devastating intestinal disease in preterm neonates. In this population, disruption of the gut microbiota development, mainly due to organ immaturity, antibiotic use and hospital microbial environment, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of NEC. This gut dysbiosis has been associated with opportunistic pathogens overgrowth, expression of virulence factors, altered metabolic functions and inflammatory dysregulated responses. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the host and gut microbiota interactions during the formative early life. We also explore the key determinants of gut dysbiosis in preterm neonates with NEC. Finally, we discuss the promising role of bacteriotherapy in the management of NEC, the aim being to shape or restore the beneficial gut bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Cassir
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Umberto Simeoni
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Suisse, Switzerland
| | - Bernard La Scola
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM U1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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25
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Verstraete EH, De Coen K, Vogelaers D, Blot S. Risk Factors for Health Care-Associated Sepsis in Critically Ill Neonates Stratified by Birth Weight. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015; 34:1180-6. [PMID: 26244835 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care-associated bloodstream infection (HABSI) is a frequent complication in neonatal intensive care. Research on risk factors stratified by birth weight and adjusted for severity of illness and comorbidities is limited. Our objective is to describe independent risk factors for HABSI in critically ill neonates with emphasis on risk variation between birth weight groups. METHODS We performed a single-center historical cohort study in a tertiary referral center. A neonatal intensive care-audit system was used to identify eligible neonates admitted for ≥72 hours (2002-2011). HABSI is defined according to National Institute of Child Health and Human Development criteria. Risk factors for HABSI were assessed by univariate and logistic regression analysis for the total cohort and for birth weight subgroups, that is, neonates ≤1500 g and >1500 g. RESULTS A total of 342 neonates developed HABSI in 5134 admissions of ≥72 hours (6.7%). Very low birth weight, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), mechanical ventilation, gastrointestinal disease, surgery (cardiac and other type), and renal insufficiency are independent risk factors for the total cohort. Gastrointestinal disease and cardiac surgery are independent risk factors in both birth weight groups; mechanical ventilation (odds ratio [OR]: 2.6; confidence interval [CI]: 1.6-4.0) and other type of surgery (OR: 4.3; CI: 2.1-8.8) are solely independent risk factors in the ≤1500-g cohort; TPN is exclusively an independent risk factor (OR: 7.9; CI: 3.9-16.2) in the >1500-g cohort. CONCLUSIONS In our neonatal intensive care unit, risk stratification by birth weight revealed some difference. Special attention concerning infection control practices is for neonates receiving TPN, mechanical ventilation, cardiac surgery, and with a gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Hilde Verstraete
- From the *Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium; †Department of Neonatal Medicine, ‡Department of General Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Psychosomatic Disorders, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium; and §Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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26
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Chistiakov DA, Bobryshev YV, Kozarov E, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN. Role of gut microbiota in the modulation of atherosclerosis-associated immune response. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:671. [PMID: 26175728 PMCID: PMC4485310 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and metabolic abnormalities are linked to each other. At present, pathogenic inflammatory response was recognized as a major player in metabolic diseases. In humans, intestinal microflora could significantly influence the development of metabolic diseases including atherosclerosis. Commensal bacteria were shown to activate inflammatory pathways through altering lipid metabolism in adipocytes, macrophages, and vascular cells, inducing insulin resistance, and producing trimethylamine-N-oxide. However, gut microbiota could also play the atheroprotective role associated with anthocyanin metabolism and administration of probiotics and their components. Here, we review the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children’s Health, MoscowRussia
- The Mount Sinai Community Clinical Oncology Program, Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FLUSA
| | - Yuri V. Bobryshev
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, MoscowRussia
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSWAustralia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSWAustralia
| | - Emil Kozarov
- Department of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NYUSA
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, MoscowRussia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, MoscowRussia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, MoscowRussia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis, Skolkovo Innovation Center, MoscowRussia
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, MoscowRussia
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27
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Al-Asmakh M, Hedin L. Microbiota and the control of blood-tissue barriers. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e1039691. [PMID: 26451344 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1039691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastro-intestinal tract is an ecosystem containing trillions of commensal bacteria living in symbiosis with the host. These microbiota modulate a variety of our physiological processes, including production of vitamins, absorption of nutrients and development of the immune system. One of their major functions is to fortify the intestinal barrier, thereby helping to prevent pathogens and harmful substances from crossing into the general circulation. Recently, effects of these microbiota on other blood-tissue barriers have also been reported. Here, we review the evidence indicating that gut bacteria play a role in regulating the blood-brain and blood-testis barriers. The underlying mechanisms include control of the expression of tight junction proteins by fermentation products such as butyrate, which also influences the activity of histone deacetylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Health Sciences; College of Arts and Sciences; Qatar University ; Doha, Qatar
| | - Lars Hedin
- Sidra Medical and Research Center; Division of Clinical Epidemiology ; Doha, Qatar
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28
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Abstract
The gastro-intestinal tract is an ecosystem containing trillions of commensal bacteria living in symbiosis with the host. These microbiota modulate a variety of our physiological processes, including production of vitamins, absorption of nutrients and development of the immune system. One of their major functions is to fortify the intestinal barrier, thereby helping to prevent pathogens and harmful substances from crossing into the general circulation. Recently, effects of these microbiota on other blood-tissue barriers have also been reported. Here, we review the evidence indicating that gut bacteria play a role in regulating the blood-brain and blood-testis barriers. The underlying mechanisms include control of the expression of tight junction proteins by fermentation products such as butyrate, which also influences the activity of histone deacetylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Health Sciences; College of Arts and Sciences; Qatar University ; Doha, Qatar
| | - Lars Hedin
- Sidra Medical and Research Center; Division of Clinical Epidemiology ; Doha, Qatar
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Fröhlich EE, Mayerhofer R, Holzer P. Reevaluating the hype: four bacterial metabolites under scrutiny. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2015; 5:1-13. [PMID: 25883790 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi-d-14-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With microbiome research being a fiercely contested playground in science, new data are being published at tremendous pace. The review at hand serves to critically revise four microbial metabolites widely applied in research: butyric acid, flagellin, lipoteichoic acid, and propionic acid. All four metabolites are physiologically present in healthy humans. Nevertheless, all four are likewise involved in pathologies ranging from cancer to mental retardation. Their inflammatory potential is equally friend and foe. The authors systematically analyze positive and negative attributes of the aforementioned substances, indicating chances and dangers with the use of pre- and probiotic therapeutics. Furthermore, the widespread actions of microbial metabolites on distinct organs and diseases are reconciled. Moreover, the review serves as critical discourse on scientific methods commonly employed in microbiome research and comparability as well as reproducibility issues arising thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Fröhlich
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz Austria
| | - R Mayerhofer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz Austria
| | - P Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz Austria
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30
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Crouzet L, Rigottier-Gois L, Serror P. Potential use of probiotic and commensal bacteria as non-antibiotic strategies against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv012. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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