1
|
Najeb SM, Jaccob AA, Al-Moziel MSG, Abdulhameed HM. Cardioprotective and antioxidant effects of taxifolin and vitamin C against diazinone-induced myocardial injury in rats. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2022; 37:e2022002-0. [PMID: 35108778 PMCID: PMC9058105 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Iraq, excessive exposure to insecticides is increasingly becoming uncontrollable, the objective of this work was to assess the possible ameliorative role of taxifolin and vitamin c against diazinon-induced myocardial injury in rats. 36 sprague female rats divided into 6 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 received diazinone 20 mg/kg gavaged for 30 days. Group 2 received taxifolin (25 mg/kg) and vitamin C (100 mg /kg) co-administered together and gavaged daily for 30 days before oral diazinone (20 mg/kg). Group 3 and group 4 were treated with taxifoline (25 mg/kg) and vitamin C (100 mg /kg) respectively, gavaged separately for 30 days before diazinone (20 mg/kg) administration. group 5 was considered as control 1 received taxifolin (25 mg/kg) and vitamin C (100 mg /kg) co-administered together and gavaged daily for 30 days. The last group, group 6 considered as control 2 which received vehicle of diazinon. Rats' weights, water and food intake were measured and the general vital signs of rats were observed and noted. At the end of study, rats are sacrificed, blood withdrawn for biochemical analysis and heart were excised for glutathione peroxidase and pathological evaluation. Significant increase in body weights in all treated and control groups except group 1. Troponin, LDH, AST and ALT levels were significantly increased in group 1 revealing the existence of ischemia and damage in hearts. Treatment with taxifolin and vitamin C combination reduced their levels significantly to concentrations comparable to that in the control groups. Such finding supported by histopathological observation. Moreover, this study showed that diazinon administration significantly deteriorated lipid profile, co-administration of taxifolin and vitamin C was resulted in a significant improvement in lipid profile associated with increased in glutathione peroxidase values showing significant improvement in antioxidant levels. Sub-acute administration of pharmacological doses of taxifolin and vitamin C exerts cardioprotective effects against diazinon-induced myocardial injury in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ausama Ayob Jaccob
- Ph.D. in pharmacology and toxicology, Professor in college of pharmacy, Basrah university, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Muhsin S G Al-Moziel
- Ph.D. in physiology, Prof. Ass. in college of pharmacy, Basrah university, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, Basrah, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang FW, Fang B, Pang GF, Zhang M, Ren FZ. Triazophos and its metabolite diethyl phosphate have different effects on endocrine hormones and gut health in rats. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:566-576. [PMID: 34038317 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1922042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticide (OP) residues present in food can be metabolized into diethylphosphate (DEP) in vivo. Epidemiological studies of OPs have usually focused on these metabolites, while animal studies mainly assessed the OPs. Here, we compared the health risks of a frequently detected OP, triazophos (TAP), and its major metabolite, DEP, in rats. Levels of serum lipids and, sex hormones were measured using immunoassay kits. Gut hormones and inflammatory cytokines were assessed using a multiplexing kit, and the gut microbiota was evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. After a 24-week exposure period, both TAP and DEP significantly decreased serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and IL-6 (p < 0.05). However, DEP exposure had a stronger effect on serum estradiol (p < 0.05) than TAP, whereas only TAP inhibited the secretion of gut hormones. Both TAP and DEP enriched the pathogenic genera Oscillibacter, Peptococcus and Paraprevotella in the gut, and TAP also enriched enteritis-related genera Roseburia and Oscillibacter, which may affect the secretion of gut hormones. These findings indicate that the use of dialkyl phosphates as markers of OPs to examine the correlations of OP exposure with diseases may only provide partial information, especially for diseases related to gut health and the endocrine system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Wei Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Fang Pang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Fa-Zheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, and Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aramjoo H, Farkhondeh T, Aschner M, Naseri K, Mehrpour O, Sadighara P, Roshanravan B, Samarghandian S. The association between diazinon exposure and dyslipidemia occurrence: a systematic and meta-analysis study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:3994-4006. [PMID: 33159230 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of diazinon (DZN), an organophosphate pesticide, on lipid profiles have been extensively reported. However, controversy on this issue persists. Here, we performed a systematic and meta-analysis study to investigate the association between DZN exposure and dyslipidemia in rodents and fish species. This systematic review was prepared according to the PRISMA guidelines. Main databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science, were systematically searched through March 4, 2020. The risk of bias was evaluated with the SYRCLE's RoB tool. Once all articles were assessed for scientific quality, a random-effects model was applied to perform a pooled analysis. I2 and Q test were used to assess the heterogeneity between articles, and Forest plots, indicating point and pooled estimates, were drawn. Twenty-eight articles were included; between them, 13 publications were selected for meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis showed low heterogeneity between the articles. A pooled analysis indicated that DZN significantly increased total cholesterol levels (95% CI: 0.86-3.79; Z = 3.10; p = 0.002), triglyceride (95% CI: 0.38-3.22; Z = 2.48; p = 0.09), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (95% CI: 0.25-2.85; Z = 2.34; p = 0.7) in the DZN vs. control groups. In addition, DZN significantly decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (95% CI: - 2.92, - 0.42; Z = 2.62; p = 0.07) in the DZN vs. control groups. No publication bias was observed. Our findings suggest that DZN induces dyslipidemia in rodents and fish species in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Aramjoo
- Student Research Committee, BSc Student in Medical Laboratory Science, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Micheal Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kobra Naseri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Omid Mehrpour
- Arizona Poison & Drug Information Center, the University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy and University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Scientific Unlimited Horizon, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Parisa Sadighara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Food Safety Division, School of Public Health and Center for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Roshanravan
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaur N, Starling AP, Calafat AM, Sjodin A, Clouet-Foraison N, Dolan LM, Imperatore G, Jensen ET, Lawrence JM, Ospina M, Pihoker C, Taylor KW, Turley C, Dabelea D, Jaacks LM. Longitudinal association of biomarkers of pesticide exposure with cardiovascular disease risk factors in youth with diabetes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108916. [PMID: 31761333 PMCID: PMC6982582 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among individuals with diabetes, but little is known about the role of exposures to environmental chemicals such as pesticides in the early development of CVD risk in this population. OBJECTIVES To describe changes over time in concentrations of pesticide biomarkers among youth with diabetes in the United States and to estimate the longitudinal association between these concentrations and established risk factors for CVD. METHODS Pesticide biomarkers were quantified in urine and serum samples from 87 youth with diabetes participating in the multi-center SEARCH cohort study. Samples were obtained around the time of diagnosis (baseline visit, between 2006 and 2010) and, on average, 5.4 years later (follow-up visit, between 2012 and 2015). We calculated geometric mean (95% CI) pesticide biomarker concentrations. Eight CVD risk factors were measured at these two time points: body mass index (BMI) z-score, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, fasting C-peptide (FCP), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between each pesticide biomarker at baseline and each CVD risk factor at follow-up, adjusting for baseline health outcome, elapsed time between baseline and follow up, sex, age, race/ethnicity, and diabetes type. RESULTS Participants were, on average, 14.2 years old at their baseline visit, and most were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (57.5%). 4-nitrophenol, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene, and hexachlorobenzene were detected in a majority of participants at both time points. Participants in the highest quartile of 2,4-D and 4-nitrophenol at baseline had HbA1c levels at follow-up that were 1.05 percentage points (95% CI: -0.40, 2.51) and 1.27 percentage points (0.22, 2.75) higher, respectively, than participants in the lowest quartile of these pesticide biomarkers at baseline. These participants also had lower log FCP levels (indicating reduced beta-cell function) compared to participants in the lowest quartile at baseline: beta (95% CI) for log FCP of -0.64 (-1.17, -0.11) for 2,4-D and -0.39 (-0.96, 0.18) for 4-nitrophenol. In other words, participants in the highest quartile of 2,4-D had a 47.3% lower FCP level compared to participants in the lowest quartile, and those in the highest quartile of 4-nitrophenol had a 32.3% lower FCP level than those in the lowest quartile. Participants with trans-nonachlor concentrations in the highest quartile at baseline had HbA1c levels that were 1.45 percentage points (-0.11, 3.01) higher and log FCP levels that were -0.28 (-0.84, 0.28) lower than participants in the lowest quartile at baseline, that is to say, participants in the highest quartile of trans-nonachlor had a 24.4% lower FCP level than those in the lowest quartile. While not all of these results were statistically significant, potentially due to the small same size, clinically, there appears to be quantitative differences. No associations were observed between any pesticide biomarker at baseline with BMI z-score or insulin sensitivity at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to select pesticides may be associated with impaired beta-cell function and poorer glycemic control among youth with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navdep Kaur
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne P Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andreas Sjodin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Noemie Clouet-Foraison
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lawrence M Dolan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giuseppina Imperatore
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jean M Lawrence
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Maria Ospina
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Catherine Pihoker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyla W Taylor
- Office of Health Assessment and Translation, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine Turley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khazaie S, Jafari M, Heydari J, Asgari A, Tahmasebi K, Salehi M, Abedini MS. Modulatory effects of vitamin C on biochemical and oxidative changes induced by acute exposure to diazinon in rat various tissues: Prophylactic and therapeutic roles. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1619-1628. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khazaie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahvash Jafari
- Chemical Injuries Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Javad Heydari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Asgari
- Exercise Physiology Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Kavoos Tahmasebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Salehi
- Neurosciences Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zeinali M, Meybodi NT, Rezaee SA, Rafatpanah H, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effects of chrysin on sub-acute diazinon-induced biochemical, hematological, histopathological alterations, and genotoxicity indices in male BALB/c mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:270-280. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1384834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Zeinali
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Social Security Organization (SSO), Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Naser Tayebi Meybodi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research center, Division of Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Science (MUMS), Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research center, Division of Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Science (MUMS), Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xiao X, Clark JM, Park Y. Potential contribution of insecticide exposure and development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:456-474. [PMID: 28487232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of insecticides has greatly improved agricultural productivity and human nutrition; however, the wide use of insecticides has also sparked growing concern over their health impacts. Increased rate of cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, reproductive dysfunction, birth defects, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and aging have been linked with insecticide exposure. Meanwhile, a growing body of evidence is suggesting that exposure to insecticides can also potentiate the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes the relationship between insecticide exposure and development of obesity and type 2 diabetes using epidemiological and rodent animal studies, including potential mechanisms. The evidence as a whole suggests that exposure to insecticides is linked to increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, MA, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al-Othman AA, Abd-Alrahman SH, Al-Daghri NM. DDT and its metabolites are linked to increased risk of type 2 diabetes among Saudi adults: a cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:379-386. [PMID: 25077657 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine (OC) pesticides have recently been associated with type 2 diabetes in several non-Asian general populations. As there is currently an epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asia. The prevalence and incidence of diabetes is increasing rapidly worldwide including many Arab Gulf countries. According to a community-based national epidemiological health survey, the overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Saudi adults (age group of 30-50 years) is 23.7%. A recent study by Al-Daghri et al. (BMC Med 9:76, 2011) reported that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is 31.6%. We investigated the associations between OC pesticides and type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia using a simple, sensitive, rapid, and selective gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method that has been recently developed. A total of 280 Saudi adults (136 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and 144 non-DM controls) were randomly selected from the Riyadh Cohort Study for inclusion. The diagnosis of diabetes was based on established diagnosis and medications taken. Blood dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its derivatives were quantified using GC-MS. Residues of DDT and its derivatives were analyzed in serum by means of gas chromatography with a mass spectrometry detector. Associations between DDT exposure and T2DM were analyzed by logistic regression. DDT and its derivatives and serum concentrations of DDT and its derivative DDE showed the strongest and most significant association to type 2 diabetes in both cross-sectional and prospective studies. Associations of DDT and its derivatives varied across different diabetes-related components of the metabolic syndrome. It positively and significantly associated with four of the five of these components especially elevated triacylglycerol, high fasting glucose, high blood pressure, and HOMA-IR but negatively and significantly with HDL. Possible biological mechanisms are discussed. This study confirms previous reports relating organochlorine pesticide (OCP) exposure to diabetes and suggests possible hormonal pathways deserving further exploration. The study will be one of the first to shed light on the associations of serum levels of total DDTs and DDT derivatives among the Saudi Arab ethnicity, and diabetes type 2 chronic noncommunicable diseases are highly prevalent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AbdulAziz A Al-Othman
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ranjbar M, Rotondi MA, Ardern CI, Kuk JL. The Influence of Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphate Metabolites on the Relationship between BMI and Cardiometabolic Health Risk. J Obes 2015; 2015:687914. [PMID: 26366294 PMCID: PMC4558452 DOI: 10.1155/2015/687914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine whether detectable levels of OP metabolites influence the relationship between BMI and cardiometabolic health. This cross-sectional study was conducted using 2227 adults from the 1999-2008 NHANES datasets. Urinary concentrations of six dialkyl phosphate metabolites were dichotomized to above and below the detection limit. Weighted multiple regression analysis was performed adjusting for confounding variables. Independent of BMI, individuals with detectable metabolites had higher diastolic blood pressure (for dimethylphosphate, diethylphosphate, and diethyldithiophosphate; P < 0.05), lower HDL (for diethyldithiophosphate; P = 0.02), and higher triglyceride (for dimethyldithiophosphate; P = 0.05) than those below detection. Contrarily, those with detectable dimethylthiophosphate had better LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol, independent of BMI. Individuals at a higher BMI range who had detectable diethylphosphate (interaction: P = 0.03) and diethylthiophosphate (interaction: P = 0.02) exhibited lower HDL, while little difference existed between OP metabolite detection statuses at lower BMIs. Similarly, individuals with high BMIs and detectable diethylphosphate had higher triglyceride than those without detectable levels, while minimal differences between diethylphosphate detection statuses were observed at lower BMIs (interaction: P = 0.02). Thus, cardiometabolic health outcome differs depending on the specific OP metabolite being examined, with higher BMIs amplifying health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ranjbar
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Michael A. Rotondi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Chris I. Ardern
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Jennifer L. Kuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
- *Jennifer L. Kuk:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Strong associations between the pesticide hexachlorocyclohexane and type 2 diabetes in Saudi adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:8984-95. [PMID: 25177822 PMCID: PMC4199001 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110908984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure has been implicated as an environmental risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the body burden of the pesticide hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) with the risk of T2DM in a sample of adults from Saudi Arabia. Serum samples were obtained from 280 adult subjects. Hexachlorocyclohexane isomer residues were measured by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data on lifestyle, dietary habits, and health status were gathered. Associations between exposure and T2DM were analyzed by logistic regression. Around 49% of adults enrolled in this study were diagnosed with T2DM. Among various HCH isomers, serum concentrations of the pesticides β and γ-HCH were most strongly and consistently linked to T2DM in our studied subjects. Associations of HCH varied across five components of the metabolic syndrome. It positively and significantly associated with four out of the five components, especially elevated triglycerides, high fasting glucose, high blood pressure and HOMA-IR but negatively and significantly with HDL-cholesterol. This study in line with earlier ones about diabetes associated with HCH pesticide exposure and proposes possible hormonal pathways worthy of further investigation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lasram MM, Dhouib IB, Annabi A, El Fazaa S, Gharbi N. A review on the molecular mechanisms involved in insulin resistance induced by organophosphorus pesticides. Toxicology 2014; 322:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
12
|
Lasram MM, Bouzid K, Douib IB, Annabi A, El Elj N, El Fazaa S, Abdelmoula J, Gharbi N. Lipid metabolism disturbances contribute to insulin resistance and decrease insulin sensitivity by malathion exposure in Wistar rat. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:227-34. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.933348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
13
|
Kaya H, Çelik EŞ, Yılmaz S, Tulgar A, Akbulut M, Demir N. Hematological, serum biochemical, and immunological responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to phosalone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-014-1930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Leong CT, D'Souza UJA, Iqbal M, Mustapha ZA. Lipid peroxidation and decline in antioxidant status as one of the toxicity measures of diazinon in the testis. Redox Rep 2014; 18:155-64. [PMID: 23849340 DOI: 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of various pesticides in the market is inevitable due to the demands from agriculture industries and domestic needs to control nuisance pests and to sustain green resources worldwide. However, long-term exposure to pesticide has led to adverse effects on male fertility. Organophosphate diazinon (O,O-diethyl-O-[2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl] phosphorothiote) is an often abusively used pesticide, as it is effective and economical. This study is to determine the adverse effects of low-dose diazinon exposure on the male reproductive system. In this study, 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were segregated into 1, 2, and 8 weeks of exposure groups and further sub-grouped (n = 6) to receive 0, 10, 15, and 30 mg/kg body weight diazinon treatment. Rats were gavaged orally with diazinon and sacrificed under anaesthesia the day after the last exposure. Our results showed that consistent diazinon exposure decreased glutathione and catalase, and increased lipid peroxidation which together lead to diazinon-mediated oxidative stress. Additionally, diazinon increased serum lactate dehydrogenase and decreased serum testosterone, which may have caused sperm and histopathological anomalies. In conclusion, exposure to diazinon caused changes in lipid peroxidation and sperm, and these two effects might be causally linked.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jayachandra S, D'Souza UJA. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to diazinon and its effect on spermatogram and pituitary gonadal hormones in male offspring of rats at puberty and adulthood. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2014; 49:271-278. [PMID: 24502214 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.868287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to study the possible reproductive adverse effects of diazinon on rat offspring exposed in utero and during lactation. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley female rats (10-12 week old) were randomly assigned to four groups, each consisting of six rats. Group 1 served as the control and these rats were given normal saline orally. Rats in groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered diazinon, dissolved in saline at 10, 15, 30 mg/ kg(-1) body weight, per oral, once daily, during mating, pregnancy and lactation. The male offsprings were examined at puberty and adulthood for body weight, testis weight, epididymis weight, sperm count, motility and morphology, pituitary-gonadal hormone levels. At 30 mg kg(-1) dose, the male offsprings showed a decrease in testicular weight, sperm count, motility, with an increase in abnormal sperm percentage and a decline in pituitary-gonadal hormones, at puberty. Upon attaining adulthood, there was a decrease in testicular weight, sperm count and motility with an increase in abnormal sperm percentage and a decrease in pituitary hormone level. There was evidence of some adverse reproductive effects on the male offspring at the 15 mg/ kg(-1) dose. Most of the adverse effects were irreversible and were evident at both puberty and adulthood in the offsprings, although a few parameters reverted to the normal growth pattern. Diazinon is a reproductive toxicant for male offsprings if exposed during prenatal and postnatal phases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Effect of tea (Camellia sinensis) and olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves extracts on male mice exposed to diazinon. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:461415. [PMID: 23691503 PMCID: PMC3652132 DOI: 10.1155/2013/461415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of tea and olive leaves extracts and their combination in male mice intoxicated with a sublethal concentration of diazinon. Exposure of mice to 6.5 mg/kg body weight of diazinon for seven weeks resulted in statistical increases of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol, while the value of serum total protein was declined. Treating diazinon-intoxicated mice with tea and olive leaves extracts or their combination significantly attenuated the severe alterations in these hematobiochemical parameters. Moreover, the results indicated that the supplementation with combination of tea and olive leaves extracts led to more attenuation effect against diazinon toxicity. Additionally, these new findings suggest that the effect of tea and olive leaves extracts and their combination against toxicity of diazinon may be due to antioxidant properties of their chemical constituents. Finally, the present study indicated that the extracts of tea and olive leaves and their combination can be considered as promising therapeutic agents against hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and metabolic disorders induced by diazinon and maybe by other toxicants and pathogenic factors.
Collapse
|
17
|
Acker CI, Nogueira CW. Chlorpyrifos acute exposure induces hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 89:602-608. [PMID: 22832337 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) after an acute exposure in rats. The mechanisms involved in hyperglycemia induced by CPF were studied. A single dose of CPF (50 mg kg(-1), subcutaneous, s.c.) was administered to overnight-fasted rats. Glucose and corticosterone levels, lipid status and paraoxonase (PON1) activity were determined in plasma of rats. Cardiovascular risk factors and the atherogenic index were calculated. Glycogen levels, tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activities were determined in livers of rats. Cerebral acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also determined. CPF caused an increase in glucose and glycogen levels as well as in TAT and G6Pase activities. The CPF exposure caused an increase in corticosterone levels, an inhibition of AChE activity and a reduction of PON1 activity. Regarding the lipid status, CPF induced an increase in triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) levels and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels associated with an increase of cardiovascular risk factors and the atherogenic index. The present study demonstrated that a single CPF administration caused hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in rats. The activation of the gluconeogenesis pathway, probably elicited by hypercorticosteronemia, is involved in the hyperglycemic effect of CPF in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Inês Acker
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu W, Liu W, Shao X, Jiang G, Li X. Effect of trichlorfon on hepatic lipid accumulation in crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2012; 24:185-194. [PMID: 22897202 PMCID: PMC3464453 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2012.675937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the toxic effects of the organophosphate pesticide trichlorfon on hepatic lipid accumulation in crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio. Seventy-five fish were divided into five groups (each group in triplicate), and then exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L of trichlorfon and fed with commercial feed for 30 d. At the end of the experiment, plasma and hepatic lipid metabolic biochemical status were analyzed. Triglyceride contents were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in liver but decreased in plasma after 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L trichlorfon treatments. Plasma insulin contents were markedly (P < 0.05) increased when trichlorfon concentrations were 0.5, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/L. There were no significant differences in hepatic hormone-sensitive lipase contents between the trichlorfon-treated fish and the controls. Hepatic cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate, very-low-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein B100 contents were decreased in the fish when trichlorfon concentration was 2.0 mg/L. Furthermore, electron microscope observations showed rough endoplasmic reticulum dilatation and mitochondrial vacuolization in hepatocytes with trichlorfon exposure. On the basis of morphological and physiological evidence, trichlorfon influenced crucian carp hepatic pathways of lipid metabolism and hepatocellular ultrastructure, which resulted in lipid accumulation in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- WeiNa Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - WenBin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - XianPing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - GuangZhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - XianngFei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Habibollahi P, Ghahremani MH, Azizi E, Ostad SN. Multi drug resistance-1 (MDR1) expression in response to chronic diazinon exposure: an in vitro study on Caco-2 cells. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 86:105-109. [PMID: 21127835 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to diazinon in the gastrointestinal tract, Caco-2 cells were made resistant by growing in low concentrations of diazinon (0.02 μM) that was gradually increased to 20 μM within 4.5 months. Resistant cells showed significant higher growth in the presence of 15, 45 and 135 μM of diazinon (96.08, 81.80 and 65.16% of control) compared to parent cells (79.71, 71.76 and 29.50% of control, respectively; p < 0.05). P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression increased significantly in resistant cells (P-gp to beta-actin ratio 0.586 for parent and 1.255 for resistant cells, respectively; p < 0.05) without any alteration in MDR-1 mRNA level (p > 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiman Habibollahi
- Department of Radiology, Center for Translational Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Afshar S, Heidari R, Farshid AA, Ilkhanipour M. Effect of oral administration of fenitrothion on biochemical and hematological parameters in rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:1742-1745. [PMID: 18819630 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.1742.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute exposure to various doses of fenitrothion (FNT) on level of serum glucose, total protein, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and some hematological parameters. The study was conducted on 8-week-old male Wistar rats that divided into four groups (three experimental groups and one control group), were treated orally with different doses (25, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1)) of fenitrothion for 28 consecutive day. After treatment, blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological studies. Present results demonstrated that exposed groups led to significant dose-dependent increase in serum glucose and cholesterol levels. Significant decrease was observed in some hematological parameters [Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts, Hemoglobin (Hb), Haematocrite (Ht) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) values]. Serum total protein and triglycerides were also decreased not significantly in exposed groups when compared with control. Generally, the degrees of observed variations were found to be dose dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Afshar
- Department of Biology,Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lecoeur S, Videmann B, Mazallon M. Effect of organophosphate pesticide diazinon on expression and activity of intestinal P-glycoprotein. Toxicol Lett 2006; 161:200-9. [PMID: 16221533 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate insecticide diazinon is widely used in agricultural practices, submitting farmers to repeated exposure. Because efflux pumps, as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), serve both as natural defense mechanisms and influence the bioavailability and disposition of drugs, we analyzed the ability of diazinon to act as efflux modulator. Oral administration of diazinon (2-20 mg/kg, 5 days, or 10 mg/kg, 2-12 days) increased intestinal mdr1a mRNA of rats, in both dose- and time-dependent manner, and increased the expression of intestinal P-gp. Using the intestinal cell-line Caco-2, we found that 100 microM diazinon significantly inhibited digoxin and vinblastine secretive flux through the cell monolayers, whereas digoxin and vinblastine absorptive flux increased. The 25 microM diazinon was transported preferentially in basolateral (BL) to apical (AP) direction, suggesting a net secretion. The efflux rate significantly decreased in the presence of metabolic inhibitors sodium azide and 2-deoxy-d-glucose, P-gp inhibitors cyclosporin A and valspodar, but not in the presence of MRPs inhibitor MK571. Repeated exposure of Caco-2 cells to diazinon increased P-glycoprotein expression and activity. These results suggested the involvement of P-gp in the transfer of diazinon, leading to potential consequences for xenobiotic interactions, and showed that repeated exposure to low doses of pesticide may lead to up-regulated P-gp functions in the intestine of mammals.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Caco-2 Cells
- Cyclosporins/pharmacology
- Diazinon/pharmacokinetics
- Diazinon/toxicity
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Interactions
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Insecticides/pharmacokinetics
- Insecticides/toxicity
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestines/drug effects
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Time Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvaine Lecoeur
- UMR INRA-DGER Métabolisme et Toxicologie Comparée des Xénobiotiques, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1, av. Bourgelat, BP 83, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|