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Wu J, Wang Q, Xu C, Lun X, Wang L, Gao Y, Huang L, Zhang Q, Li L, Liu B, Liu H, Xu L. Biogenic volatile organic compounds in forest therapy base: A source of air pollutants or a healthcare function? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172944. [PMID: 38701919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution poses a significant threat to public health, while biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play a crucial role in both aspects. However, the unclear relationship between BVOCs and air pollutants in the under-canopy space limits the accuracy of air pollution control and the exploitation of forest healthcare functions. To clarify the variation of BVOCs in forest therapy bases, and their impacts on ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at nose height, total VOCs (TVOCs) in the forest were collected during typical sunny days, while air pollutants and meteorological factors were observed simultaneously. The results showed that the branch-level emissions of P. tabuliformis were dominated by healthcare-effective monoterpenoids, with only α-pinene having relative air concentrations of over 5 % in forest air samples. The correlation between concentrations of under-canopy TVOCs and emission rates of BVOCs from P. tabuliformis was weak (p > 0.09) in all seasons. However, the correlation between concentrations of TVOCs and the concentrations of O3 and PM2.5 showed clear seasonal differences. In spring, TVOCs only showed a significant negative correlation with PM2.5 in the forest (p < 0.01). In summer and autumn, TVOCs were significantly negatively correlated with both O3 (p < 0.001) and PM2.5 (p < 0.01). Specifically, the negative linear relationships were more pronounced for O3 and oxygenated VOCs in autumn (R2 = 0.40, p < 0.001) than for other relationships. The relationship between air pollutant concentrations inside and outside the forest also showed significant seasonal differences, generally characterized by a weaker correlation between them during seasons of strong emissions. Therefore, BVOCs in coniferous forests are health functions as they can provide healthcare effects and mitigate the concentration of air pollutants in the forest, and the establishment of forest therapy bases in rural areas with low NOx can be a sensible approach to promote good health, well-being, and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chengyang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoxiu Lun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Luxi Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanshan Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoxian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Haixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Lima A, Arruda F, Wortham T, Janeiro A, Rodrigues T, Baptista J, Lima E. Chemical Compositions and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oils of Sawdust and Resin-Rich Bark from Azorean Cryptomeria japonica (Cupressaceae). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:728. [PMID: 38929167 PMCID: PMC11200656 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the Azores archipelago (Portugal), forest operations and wood industry generate large amounts of Cryptomeria japonica biomass residues (CJBR), which can be used to produce valuable essential oils (EOs). In this study, we evaluated the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of EOs from Azorean C. japonica sawdust (CJS) and resin-rich bark (CJRRB). The CJS and CJRRB EOs, obtained via hydrodistillation, showed different yield values (0.27% vs. 0.80% v/w, dry weight) and also different chemical profiles, as assessed using GC/MS. A total of 64 and 85 components were identified in CJS and CJRRB EOs, representing 95.7% and 96.9% of the total composition, respectively. The major components in CJS EO were oxygenated sesquiterpenes (mainly α+β-eudesmol, 1-epicubenol, and cubebol), while in CJRRB EO, the major components were monoterpene hydrocarbons, including α-pinene, δ-3-carene, and limonene (66.6% vs. 6.4% for oxygenated sesquiterpenes and 0% vs. 64% for monoterpene hydrocarbons, respectively). Antioxidant activity was estimated using (i) two radical-based assays, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, and (ii) a lipid model assay, β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching activity (BCBA). Both CJS and CJRRB EOs exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activities, and their DPPH, ABTS, and BCBA EC50 values were 1107 vs. 1275 µg/mL, 260 vs. 498 µg/mL, and 1764 vs. 662 µg/mL, respectively. The results indicate that both EOs were able to exert antioxidant activity via different mechanisms of action. Therefore, Azorean CJS and CJRRB may be sustainable sources for antioxidant compounds. This study expands the chemical and biological knowledge of CJBR EOs and, consequently, adds more value to the C. japonica EO industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lima
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal; (A.L.); (F.A.); (A.J.); (J.B.)
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering (DCFQE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Filipe Arruda
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal; (A.L.); (F.A.); (A.J.); (J.B.)
- Department of Biology (DB), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
| | - Tanner Wortham
- The Perfumery, 621 Park East Blvd, New Albany, IN 47150, USA;
| | - Alexandre Janeiro
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal; (A.L.); (F.A.); (A.J.); (J.B.)
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering (DCFQE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Tânia Rodrigues
- Department of Biology (DB), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
| | - José Baptista
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal; (A.L.); (F.A.); (A.J.); (J.B.)
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering (DCFQE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Lima
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal; (A.L.); (F.A.); (A.J.); (J.B.)
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering (DCFQE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal
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Prebihalo EA, Johnson M, Reineke TM. Bio-Based Thiol-ene Network Thermosets from Isosorbide and Terpenes. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:586-591. [PMID: 38666714 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Thermoset networks are chemically cross-linked materials that exhibit high heat resistance and mechanical strength; however, the permanently cross-linked system makes end-of-life degradation difficult. Thermosets that are inherently degradable and made from renewably derived starting materials are an underexplored area in sustainable polymer chemistry. Here, we report the synthesis of novel sugar- and terpene-based monomers as the enes in thiol-ene network formation. The resulting networks showed varied mechanical properties depending on the thiol used during cross-linking, ranging from strain-at-breaks of 12 to 200%. Networks with carveol or an isosorbide-based thiol incorporated showed plastic deformation under tensile stress testing, while geraniol-containing networks demonstrated linear stress-strain behavior. The storage modulus at the rubbery plateau was highly dependent on the thiol cross-linker, showing an order of magnitude difference between commercial PETMP, DTT, and synthesized Iso2MC. Thermal degradation temperatures were low for the networks, primarily below 200 °C, and the Tg values ranged from -17 to 31 °C. Networks were rapidly degraded under basic conditions, showing complete degradation after 2 days for nearly all synthesized thermosets. This library demonstrates the range of thermal and mechanical properties that can be targeted using monomers from sugars and terpenes and expands the field of renewably derived and degradable thermoset network materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Prebihalo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Melody Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Sousa RCN, Confessor VPP, Da Silva AKB, Almeida AR, Pinheiro FASD, Ferreira LS. Biomimetic Chemical Reactions with Natural Products Using Metalloporphyrins and Salen Complexes as Catalysts: a Brief Review. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400668. [PMID: 38763894 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 is a superfamily of hemoproteins mainly present in the liver and are versatile biocatalysts. They participate in the primary metabolism and biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites. Chemical catalysts are utilized to replicate the activities of enzymes. Metalloporphyrins and Salen complexes can contribute to the products' characterization and elucidate biotransformation processes, which are investigated during pre-clinical trials. These catalysts also help discover biologically active compounds and get better yields of products of industrial interest. This review aims to investigate which natural product classes are being investigated by biomimetic chemical models and the functionalities applied in the use of these catalysts. A limited number of studies were observed, with terpenes and alkaloids being the most investigated natural product classes. The research also revealed that Metalloporphyrins are still the most popular in the studies, and the identity and yield of the products obtained depend on the reaction system conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C N Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Vitor P P Confessor
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Antonio K B Da Silva
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Natal-RN, Brazil
| | - Addison R Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Natal-RN, Brazil
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Natal-RN, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro S Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900, Natal-RN, Brazil
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59012-570, Natal-RN, Brazil
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Venancio AN, Silva MJ, Parreira LA, Júlio AA, Souza GR, Conceição Santos MF, Menini L. Citronellal: a natural aldehyde with important properties. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38567669 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2332949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Among the several terpenes existing in nature, Citronellal, a monoterpene aldehyde, deserves to be highlighted for its biological properties that have been pointed out in numerous studies. This work aimed to conduct a literature review on its biological properties. Citronellal is a prominent compound in the essential oils of Cymbopogon genus plants. Apart from being employed as a fragrance ingredient in aromas, fragrances, and cosmetics, it is also used as an intermediate in synthesising (-)-menthol. Various studies have demonstrated Citronellal's potential as an antibacterial compound, particularly anti-Staphylococcus and Escherichia bacteria. Citronellal also has antifungal properties against several fungi, especially fungi of the genus Candida. The studies found showed that Citronellal also has insecticidal, acaricidal, antiparasitic, anaesthetic, antiviral, antioxidant, antinociceptive, cardioprotective, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldino N Venancio
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Marcio J Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Luciana A Parreira
- Departamento de Química e Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Armanda A Júlio
- Department of Agrochemistry, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Souza
- Departamento de Química e Física, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Menini
- Department of Agrochemistry, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
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Ahmadzadeh Naghadeh Y, Malekifard F, Esmaeilnejad B. In Vitro anthelmintic efficacy of medicinal plant essential oils against Marshallagia marshalli: Evidence on oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers, DNA damage, and egg hatchability. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110138. [PMID: 38286059 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
One of the major public health problems is drug resistance in parasitic diseases. It is therefore important to find new active ingredients to combat parasites. Herbal products such as essential oils (EOs) may show promise in treating infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs). This study investigated the in vitro anthelmintic activity of the EOs of Lavandula angustifolia and Quercus infectoria against Marshallagia marshalli. The in vitro study was based on an egg hatch test (EHT), adult and larval motility inhibition tests, DNA damage, and several biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress, including superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and glutathione peroxidase [GSH -Px], protein carbonylation [PCO], malondialdehyde [MDA], total antioxidant status [TAS], and nitric oxide levels [NO]. Different concentrations of Lavandula angustifolia and Quercus infectoria EOs (1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/ml) were used to determine the anthelmintic effect on three stages of the life cycle of M. marshalli, i.e. eggs, larvae and adult parasites, for 24 hr. The results showed that EOs of L. angustifolia and Q. infectoria play an important role as anthelmintics. These essential oils significantly reduced the egg hatching and motility of larval and adult worms. This anthelmintic effect is dependent on concentration and time. Furthermore, the EOs of L. angustifolia and Q. infectoria caused oxidative/nitrosative stress (reduced SOD, GSH-Px and CAT and increased MDA, PCO and NO) and DNA damage, thereby providing significant antihelminthic effects. Based on the results, it seems that the EOs extracted from L. angustifolia and Q. infectoria may be effective in the control and treatment of M. marshalli infections. Further research is needed to investigate their potential for in vivo use in the treatment of parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farnaz Malekifard
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Bijan Esmaeilnejad
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Giannetti V, Biancolillo A, Marini F, Boccacci Mariani M, Livi G. Characterization of the aroma profile of edible flowers using HS-SPME/GC-MS and chemometrics. Food Res Int 2024; 178:114001. [PMID: 38309925 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years the consumption of edible flowers has gained new popularity, and their use seems destined to grow thanks to their potential as functional elements and their ability to impart aroma to traditional foods. In this study, the volatile profile of several edible flowers was investigated to identify characteristic compounds to be used as product markers. 85 samples belonging to four cultivars were analyzed by HS-SPME/GC-MS. A PLS-DA was used to build a model capable of differentiating the investigated classes. The resulting model correctly predicted over 95% of the validation samples, highlighting a significant difference between the four types of edible flowers. The VIP analysis highlighted 29 compounds relevant for the characterization of different flowers, many of which were biologically active. The study aims to broaden the framework of objectively measurable tools useful for enhancing the qualitative peculiarity of one product compared to another and offering growth opportunities to emerging food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Giannetti
- Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Biancolillo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 67100, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Maurizio Boccacci Mariani
- Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Greta Livi
- Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, Rome 00161, Italy
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Ba Y, Guo Q, Meng S, Tong G, He Y, Guan Y, Zheng B. Association of exposures to serum terpenes with the prevalence of dyslipidemia: a population-based analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:115295-115309. [PMID: 37880399 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to examine hitherto unresearched relationships between serum terpenes and the prevalence of dyslipidemia. Serum terpenes such as limonene, α-pinene, and β-pinene from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used as independent variables in this cross-sectional study. Continuous lipid variables included total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), residual cholesterol (RC), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B). Binary lipid variables (elevated TC, ≥5.18 mmol/L; lowered HDL-C, <1.04 mmol/L in men, and <1.30 mmol/L in women; elevated non-HDL-C, ≥4.2 mmol/L; elevated TG, ≥1.7 mmol/L; elevated LDL-C, ≥3.37 mmol/L; elevated RC, ≥1.0 mmol/L; and elevated Apo B, ≥1.3 g/L) suggest dyslipidemia. The relationships between the mixture of serum terpenes with lipid variables were investigated using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). The study for TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C included a total of 1,528 people, whereas the analysis for TG, LDL-C, RC, and Apo B comprised 714 participants. The mean age of the overall participants was 47.69 years, and 48.77% were male. We found that tertiles of serum terpene were positively associated with binary (elevated TC, non-HDL-C, TG, LDL-C, RC, Apo B, and lowered HDL-C) and continuous (TC, non-HDL-C, TG, LDL-C, RC, and Apo B, but not HDL-C) serum lipid variables. WQS regression and BKMR analysis revealed that the mixture of serum terpenes was linked with the prevalence of dyslipidemia. According to our data, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was correlated with serum concentrations of three terpenes both separately and collectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Ba
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qixin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shasha Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guoxin Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yihong Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Beibei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huansha Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Guemmogne Temdie RJ, Ymele Chiogo Vouffo E, Tietcheu Galani BR, Dabole Ladane B, Bianzoumbe J, Kuum Minoue MG, Ntchapda F, Dimo T. Potential Curative Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) and Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae) on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2023; 99:100716. [PMID: 37869400 PMCID: PMC10587700 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2023.100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Acetaminophen-induced liver injury remains a significant public health problem because available treatments are limited due to their adverse effects. Medicinal plants, which are an important source of bioactive molecules, could be an alternative treatment for liver disease. Objective This study was designed to investigate the curative effect of aqueous extracts of Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) and Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae) on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Methods Mice were divided into groups and treated with distilled water, silymarin (50 mg/kg), a reference hepatoprotective agent, and aqueous extracts of C quadrangularis and J gossypiifolia (50 and 100 mg/kg, PO, respectively). These substances were given as a single daily dose 4 hours after acetaminophen administration (300 mg/kg, PO) for 2 days. Mice were humanely put to death 24 hours after the last dose and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, total bilirubin and protein levels, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, catalase, and nitrite tissue levels were assessed. Histology of the livers of the mice was performed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results Acetaminophen administration induced a significant (P < 0.05) mean (SEM) body weight loss (-14.45% [5.92%]), a significant elevation of alanine aminotransferase activity (15.08%), total protein and bilirubin levels (25.80%), and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in liver superoxide dismutase (67.71%), catalase (63.00%), glutathione (40.29%), malondialdehyde (30.67%), and nitrite levels compared with the control group. In curative treatment, C quadrangularis and J gossypiifolia (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced mean (SEM) body weight loss (16.67% [7.16%] and 1.25% [0.51%], respectively), serum alanine aminotransferase activity (17.62% and 11.14%, respectively), bilirubin level (29.62% and 49.14%, respectively) compared with acetaminophen group, and J gossypiifolia normalized serum total protein level. Both extracts significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde and normalized that of nitrite, superoxide dismutase, and catalase compared with the acetaminophen group. Hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were remarkably reduced by the plant extracts. Conclusions The results obtained are evidence in favor of the development of a formulation based on the extracts of these plants against liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwige Ymele Chiogo Vouffo
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, USA
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Bertrand Dabole Ladane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Derived Products, National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Josee Bianzoumbe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Marc Germain Kuum Minoue
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters and Human Social Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Fidèle Ntchapda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Garoua, Garoua, Cameroon
| | - Theophile Dimo
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Abreu T, Jasmins G, Bettencourt C, Teixeira J, Câmara JS, Perestrelo R. Tracing the volatilomic fingerprint of grape pomace as a powerful approach for its valorization. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100608. [PMID: 37840700 PMCID: PMC10570008 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The huge amount of grape pomace (GP) generated every year worldwide, particularly in Europe, creates negative impacts at the economic and environmental levels. As far as we know, scarce research has been done on the volatilomic fingerprint of GP. To meet consumer demand for healthy foods, there is a growing interest in the characterization of particular volatile organic metabolites (VOMS) in GP that can be used for industrial applications, including the food industry. In this study, the volatilomic fingerprint of GP obtained from different Vitis vinifera L. grapes was established by solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), to explore the properties of most dominant VOMs in a context of its application on marketable products. A total of 52 VOMs belonging to different chemical families were identified. Alcohols, carbonyl compounds, and esters, are the most dominant, representing 38.8, 29.3, and 24.2% of the total volatile profile of the investigated GP, respectively. Esters (e.g., isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate) and alcohols (e.g., 3-methyl butan-2-ol, hexan-1-ol) can be used as flavoring agents with potential use in the food industry, and in the cosmetic industry, for fragrances production. In addition, the identified terpenoids (e.g., menthol, ylangene, limonene) exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer, biological properties, among others, boosting their potential application in the pharmaceutical industry. The obtained results revealed the potential of some VOMs from GP to replace synthetic antioxidants, colorants, and antimicrobials used in the food industry, and in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry, meeting the increasing consumer demand for natural alternative compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Abreu
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Jasmins
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Catarina Bettencourt
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Juan Teixeira
- Justino's Madeira Wines, S.A., Parque Industrial Da Cancela, Caniço, 9125-042, Santa Cruz, Portugal
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
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11
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da Silva-Maia JK, Nagalingam A, Cazarin CBB, Marostica Junior MR, Sharma D. Jaboticaba ( Myrciaria jaboticaba) peel extracts induce reticulum stress and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2023; 6:100167. [PMID: 36875800 PMCID: PMC9982605 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Jaboticaba peel (Myrciaria jaboticaba) is a source of bioactive compounds. We investigated the anticancer activity of ethyl acetate extract (JE1) and hydroethanolic extract (JE2) of Jaboticaba peel against breast cancer. Both JE1 and JE2 inhibited clonogenic potential of MDA-MB-231 cells while JE1 was particularly effective in MCF7 cells. Anchorage-independent growth and cell viability was also inhibited by JE1 and JE2. In addition to growth inhibition, JE1 and JE2 could also inhibit migration and invasion of cells. Interestingly, JE1 and JE2 show selective inhibition towards certain breast cancer cells and biological processes. Mechanistic evaluations showed that JE1 induced PARP cleavage, BAX and BIP indicating apoptotic induction. An elevation of phosphorylated ERK was observed in MCF7 cells in response to JE1 and JE2 along with increased IRE-α and CHOP expression indicating increased endoplasmic stress. Therefore, Jaboticaba peel extracts could be potentially considered for further development for breast cancer inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Kelly da Silva-Maia
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arumugam Nagalingam
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário Roberto Marostica Junior
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
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12
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Chen Y, Du Z, Zhang J, Zeng P, Liang H, Wang Y, Sun Q, Zhou G, Li H. Personal Microenvironment Management by Smart Textiles with Negative Oxygen Ions Releasing and Radiative Cooling Performance. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37428964 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, significant strides have been made in the development of smart clothing, which combines traditional apparel with advanced technology. As our climate and environment undergo continuous changes, it has become critically important to invent and refine sophisticated textiles that enhance thermal comfort and human health. In this study, we present a "wearable forest-like textile". This textile is based on helical lignocellulose-tourmaline composite fibers, boasting mechanical strength that outperforms that of cellulose-based and natural macrofibers. This wearable microenvironment does more than generate approximately 18625 ions/cm3 of negative oxygen ions; it also effectively purifies particulate matter. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrate that the negative oxygen ion environment can slow fruit decay by neutralizing free radicals, suggesting promising implications for aging retardation. In addition, this wearable microenvironment reflects solar irradiation and selectively transmits human body thermal radiation, enabling effective radiative cooling of approximately 8.2 °C compared with conventional textiles. This sustainable and efficient wearable microenvironment provides a compelling textile choice that can enhance personal heat management and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Chen
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhichen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Pei Zeng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Since and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huageng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Since and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qingfeng Sun
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guomo Zhou
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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13
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Swiderski J, Sakkal S, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A, Gadanec LK. Combination of Taurine and Black Pepper Extract as a Treatment for Cardiovascular and Coronary Artery Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112562. [PMID: 37299525 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The shift in modern dietary regimens to "Western style" and sedentary lifestyles are believed to be partly responsible for the increase in the global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Natural products have been used throughout human history as treatments for a plethora of pathological conditions. Taurine and, more recently, black pepper have gained attention for their beneficial health effects while remaining non-toxic even when ingested in excess. Taurine, black pepper, and the major terpene constituents found in black pepper (i.e., β-caryophyllene; α-pinene; β-pinene; α-humulene; limonene; and sabinene) that are present in PhytoCann BP® have been shown to have cardioprotective effects based on anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-hypertensive and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms. This comprehensive review of the literature focuses on determining whether the combination of taurine and black pepper extract is an effective natural treatment for reducing cardiovascular diseases risk factors (i.e., hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia) and for driving anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms to combat coronary artery disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Swiderski
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
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14
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Spricigo PC, Almeida LS, Ribeiro GH, Correia BSB, Taver IB, Jacomino AP, Colnago LA. Quality Attributes and Metabolic Profiles of Uvaia ( Eugenia pyriformis), a Native Brazilian Atlantic Forest Fruit. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091881. [PMID: 37174419 PMCID: PMC10177832 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The uvaia is a native Brazilian Atlantic Forest Myrtaceae fruit with a soft pulp, ranging from yellow to orange, with a sweet acidic flavor and sweet fruity aroma. Uvaias present consumption potential, but their physicochemical characteristics are still understudied. In this context, we describe herein the metabolites of uvaia that have been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We screened 41 accessions and selected 10 accessions based on their diversity of physicochemical attributes, i.e., their fresh mass, height, diameter, yield, seed mass, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity. Twenty-six metabolites were identified, including sugars, acids, and amino acids. The results of this study comprise the most complete report on sugars and acids in uvaias. The relevant metabolites in terms of abundance were the reducing sugars glucose and fructose, as well as malic and citric acids. Furthermore, this study represents the first description of the uvaia amino acid profile and an outline of its metabolic pathways. Uvaia quality attributes differ among accessions, demonstrating high variability, diversity, and several possibilities in different economic areas. Our findings may help in future breeding programs in the selection of plant material for industries such as food and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Cristina Spricigo
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 11 Pádua Dias Ave., Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luísa Souza Almeida
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, 400 Trabalhador São Carlense Ave., São Carlos 13566-590, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Banny Silva Barbosa Correia
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, 400 Trabalhador São Carlense Ave., São Carlos 13566-590, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, 48 Agro Food Park, 8200 Aarhus, Jutland, Denmark
| | - Isabela Barroso Taver
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 11 Pádua Dias Ave., Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angelo Pedro Jacomino
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 11 Pádua Dias Ave., Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Colnago
- Embrapa Instrumentation, 1452 XV de Novembro Street, São Carlos 13560-970, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Muro A, Mateo C, Parrado E, Subirana-Malaret M, Moya M, Garriga A, Canals J, Chamarro A, Sanz A. Forest bathing and hiking benefits for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mediterranean regions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH 2023; 142:415-426. [PMID: 36779181 PMCID: PMC9896453 DOI: 10.1007/s10342-023-01531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Forest bathing (FB) has evidenced positive effects on individuals' mental health and well-being, but its benefits have mainly been studied in Asian biomes. The present study aimed to evaluate whether its benefits are also generalisable to other forests and biomes of the world, such as the Mediterranean. Eighty-six healthy adults of the general population were assessed before and after a FB near Barcelona (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A control-hiking group of participants was also analysed to contrast the FB effects on anxiety, affect, mood states and mindfulness. Results show that the guided practice of FB in Mediterranean-Catalan forests increases mindfulness states and positive affect and reduces anxiety and negative affect, with effect sizes being large to very large. Hiking also induced significant changes in all variables tested, but FB showed higher effect sizes. An exploratory analysis also revealed a different profile of the FB participants compared to the hiking practitioners, being highly educated women living in urban areas and with lower basal levels of psychological well-being. Accordingly, it is concluded that both Mediterranean FB and hiking (to a lesser degree) might be cost-effective strategies to promote and restore psychological well-being after the COVID-19 pandemic and to promote sustainable tourism in Mediterranean biomes of the European forested and protected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Muro
- Departament of Basic, Developmental and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Office B5-111, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Serra Húnter Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Corel Mateo
- Departament of Basic, Developmental and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Office B5-111, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Parrado
- Departament of Basic, Developmental and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Office B5-111, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Sport Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Adrià Garriga
- School of Nature La Muntada, Sant Llorenç Savall, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Canals
- Natural Park of Sant Llorenç, Catalan Net of Natural Parks, Barcelona Provincial Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Chamarro
- Departament of Basic, Developmental and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Office B5-111, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Serra Húnter Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Sport Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Sanz
- Departament of Basic, Developmental and Health Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Office B5-111, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Bailey AW, Kang HK. Walking and Sitting Outdoors: Which Is Better for Cognitive Performance and Mental States? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16638. [PMID: 36554519 PMCID: PMC9778927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Myriad research indicates that physical activity and natural environments enhance cognitive performance and mental health. Much of this research is cross-sectional or involves physical activity in outdoor environments, rendering it difficult to ascribe the results to a particular condition. This study utilized electroencephalography (EEG) and established cognitive performance tasks to determine the impact of a short intervention including either walking or sitting in an outdoor environment. In this experiment, a total of 50 participants were randomized into walking and sitting groups, with cognitive performance measured before, after, and 10 min post intervention. Both groups demonstrated improvements in cognitive performance, with no significant difference between groups. Elevated levels of relaxation during the intervention were the best predictor of post-test performance. Participants reporting a higher connection to nature, as well as state-based mindfulness during the outdoor intervention, also reported lower levels of frontal theta (i.e., rumination) during the interaction, while the walking group demonstrated higher relaxation. These findings provide a direct connection to neural mechanisms influenced by physical activity and the natural environment, and their impact on cognitive performance. This supports Attention Restoration Theory and the effectiveness of short outdoor interventions incorporating physical activity as a method of restoring mental attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Bailey
- Department of Health and Human Performance, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Hyoung-Kil Kang
- Department of Physical Education, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Republic of Korea
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17
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Dudek T, Marć M, Zabiegała B. Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Air in Nemoral Scots Pine Forests and Submountainous Beech Forests: The Potential Region for the Introduction of Forest Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15838. [PMID: 36497918 PMCID: PMC9736340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Studies show that forests are one of the main recreational destinations. This can be explained by their beneficial effects on the health of their visitors, which can be attributed to compounds from the terpene group. The aim of this research was to determine the chemical composition of air in the interiors of Nemoral Scots pine forests and submountainous beech forests, with the determination of compounds of the terpene group. Samples of organic compounds present in the air were collected with the use of Tenax TA sorbent tubes. The process of separation, identification, and determination of the extracted organic compounds was carried out with the use of the gas chromatography technique integrated with a flame ionization detector. Additional identification of the extracted compounds was carried out with the use of GC coupled with mass spectrometry. The most abundant group of compounds was the aliphatic hydrocarbons, both saturated (linear and branched) and unsaturated (terpenes). Carbonyl compounds were also found in the collected samples, but they constituted no more than 10% of all compounds present on the chromatograms. The concentrations of terpenes and terpenoids in the forest atmosphere varied from 10 to 74 µg·m-3, representing on average 33% of the total volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Dudek
- Department of Agroecology and Forest Utilization, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mariusz Marć
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bożena Zabiegała
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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18
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Oomen-Welke K, Schlachter E, Hilbich T, Naumann J, Müller A, Hinterberger T, Huber R. Spending Time in the Forest or the Field: Investigations on Stress Perception and Psychological Well-Being-A Randomized Cross-Over Trial in Highly Sensitive Persons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15322. [PMID: 36430041 PMCID: PMC9690301 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that stays in a forest promote relaxation and reduce stress compared to spending time in a city. The aim of this study was to compare stays in a forest with another natural environment, a cultivated field. Healthy, highly sensitive persons (HSP, SV12 score > 18) aged between 18 and 70 years spent one hour in the forest and in the field at intervals of one week. The primary outcome was measured using the Change in Subjective Self-Perception (CSP-14) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes were measured using the Profile Of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and by analyzing salivary cortisol. We randomized 43 participants. Thirty-nine were allocated and included in the intention-to-treat analysis (90% female, mean age 45 years). CSP-14 in part showed significant differences-total score (p = 0.054, Cohen's d = 0.319), item "integration" (p = 0.028, Cohen's d = 0.365)-favoring the effects of the forest. These effects were more pronounced in summer (August). In October, during rainfall, we detected no relevant differences. POMS only showed a significant difference in the subcategory "depression/anxiety" in favor of the field. The amount of cortisol in saliva was not different between the groups. A short-term stay in a forest in summer caused a greater improvement in mood and well-being in HSP than in a field. This effect was not detectable during bad weather in the fall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Oomen-Welke
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Evelyn Schlachter
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Tina Hilbich
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Johannes Naumann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Treatment and Research in Balneology, European Institute for Physical Therapy and Balneology (EIPB), Sonnenbergstr. 35, 79117 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Alexander Müller
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Thilo Hinterberger
- Forschungsbereich Angewandte Bewusstseinswissenschaften, Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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19
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Izcara S, Perestrelo R, Morante-Zarcero S, Sierra I, Câmara JS. Volatilomic fingerprinting from edible flowers. Unravelling some impact compounds behind its attractiveness. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Jones RJF, Littzen COR. An Analysis of Theoretical Perspectives in Research on Nature-Based Interventions and Pain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12740. [PMID: 36232042 PMCID: PMC9566272 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain results from a complex series of biomechanical, inflammatory, neurological, psychological, social, and environmental mechanisms. Pain and pain-related diseases are the leading causes of disability and disease burden globally. Employing nature-based interventions for the treatment of pain is an emerging field. Current theory driving the suggested mechanism(s) linking the pain reducing effects of nature-based interventions is lacking. A two-step approach was taken to complete a theoretical review and analysis. First, a literature review was completed to gather a substantive amount of research related to theoretical frameworks on the topic of nature-based interventions and pain. Secondly, a theoretical analysis as proposed by Walker and Avant was completed to explore current theoretical frameworks accepted in the literature on nature-based interventions and pain. Stress reduction theory and attention restoration theory were the most common theoretical frameworks identified. Neither theoretical framework explicitly identifies, describes, or intends to adequately measure the concept of pain, revealing a limitation for their application in research with nature-based interventions and pain. Theoretical development is needed, as it pertains to nature-based interventions and pain. Without this development, research on nature-based interventions and pain will continue to use proxy concepts for measurement and may result in misrepresented findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reo J. F. Jones
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- School of Nursing and Health Innovations, The University of Portland, Portland, OR 97203, USA
| | - Chloé O. R. Littzen
- School of Nursing and Health Innovations, The University of Portland, Portland, OR 97203, USA
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21
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Dvorakova M, Wilson S, Corey W, Billingsley J, Zimmowitch A, Tracey J, Straiker A, Mackie K. A Critical Evaluation of Terpenoid Signaling at Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors in a Neuronal Model. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175655. [PMID: 36080421 PMCID: PMC9457791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to phytocannabinoids, cannabis contains terpenoids that are claimed to have a myriad of effects on the body. We tested a panel of five common cannabis terpenoids, myrcene, linalool, limonene, α-pinene and nerolidol, in two neuronal models, autaptic hippocampal neurons and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Autaptic neurons express a form of cannabinoid CB1 receptor-dependent retrograde plasticity while DRGs express a variety of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Most terpenoids had little or no effect on neuronal cannabinoid signaling. The exception was nerolidol, which inhibited endocannabinoid signaling. Notably, this is not via inhibition of CB1 receptors but by inhibiting some aspect of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) production/delivery; the mechanism does not involve reducing the activity of the 2-AG-synthesizing diacylglycerol lipases (DAGLs). Nerolidol was also the only terpenoid that activated a sustained calcium response in a small (7%) subpopulation of DRGs. In summary, we found that only one of five terpenoids tested had notable effects on cannabinoid signaling in two neuronal models. Our results suggest that a few terpenoids may indeed interact with some components of the cannabinoid signaling system and may therefore offer interesting insights upon further study.
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22
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Antonelli M, Donelli D, Carlone L, Maggini V, Firenzuoli F, Bedeschi E. Effects of forest bathing (shinrin-yoku) on individual well-being: an umbrella review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1842-1867. [PMID: 33910423 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1919293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to outline the most relevant benefits of forest bathing for well-being promotion. This study was designed as an umbrella literature review. Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL and the DOAJ were systematically searched for relevant reviews up to February 2021. After article selection, 16 systematic reviews met inclusion criteria. Overall, the best available evidence supports the use of forest bathing as a complementary practice for the promotion of psychophysical well-being, whereas evidence for its use as a therapeutic practice for the improvement of organic diseases needs to grow before clear and specific clinical indications can be formulated. The positive impact of forest bathing on individual quality of life, along with its favorable cost-effectiveness profile, may justify its possible adoption for public health strategies of well-being promotion. Further investigations on the topic are advised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Donelli
- Local Public Health Authority, AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Carlone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
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A Modeling Approach for Quantifying Human-Beneficial Terpene Emission in the Forest: A Pilot Study Applying to a Recreational Forest in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148278. [PMID: 35886129 PMCID: PMC9324495 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Recent economic developments in South Korea have shifted people’s interest in forests from provisioning to cultural services such as forest healing. Although policymakers have attempted to designate more forests for healing purposes, there are few established standards for carrying out such designations based on the quantified estimation. (2) Methods: We suggest a modeling approach to estimate and analyze the emission rate of human-beneficial terpenes. For this purpose, we adopted and modified the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN), a commonly used biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) estimation model which was suitable for estimating the study site’s terpene emissions. We estimated the terpene emission rate for the whole year and analyzed the diurnal and seasonal patterns. (3) Results: The results from our model correspond well with other studies upon comparing temporal patterns and ranges of values. According to our study, the emission rate of terpenes varies significantly temporally and spatially. The model effectively predicted spatiotemporal patterns of terpene emission in the study site. (4) Conclusions: The modeling approach in our study is suitable for quantifying human-beneficial terpene emission and helping policymakers and forest managers plan the efficient therapeutic use of forests.
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Changes in the Abundance of Monoterpenes from Breathable Air of a Mediterranean Conifer Forest: When Is the Best Time for a Human Healthy Leisure Activity? FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The exposure to monoterpenes emitted by plants to the air might provide human health benefits during forest-based leisure activities. However, forests, especially Mediterranean ones, lack studies to relate forest production and the emission of monoterpenes, considering potential human forest exposure. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the variation in the abundance of monoterpenes in the human breathable air under the canopy of a Mediterranean conifer forest, evaluating the influence of different factors. For this purpose, from March to November 2018, we monitored the abundance of monoterpenes in the air at nose height, leaf development, air temperature and soil water potential in a mountain Mediterranean forest of Pinus pinaster located in Sierra de Albarracín (Teruel, Spain). We detected six monoterpenes, with α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene being the three most abundant. Temperature was the main environmental factor driving the abundance of monoterpenes in air, with a maxima of abundance found during summer. Leaf development in spring decreased the abundance, while after a drought period, the abundance increased. Thus, people enjoying forest-based activities in Mediterranean conifer areas would be more exposed to air monoterpenes when the temperature increases during the period after leaf development, as long as the trees are not severely water-stressed. If that is the case, the abundance of monoterpenes in the air would increase after the drought period.
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25
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Innovative Local Development Initiatives in the Eastern Alps: Forest Therapy, Land Consolidation Associations and Mountaineering Villages. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Since the 19th century, Italy’s mountain regions have suffered from depopulation and land abandonment. How can we counter this phenomenon? Here, we present three cases of innovative and participatory approaches implemented in the Eastern Alps of Friuli Venezia Giulia. Forest therapy is a new approach to medical therapy based on the beneficial effects on the human health of frequenting forests. It also has the potential to provide space for local economic initiatives, e.g., hospitality services. Land consolidation associations were created in France to collectively restore the productivity of fragmented and abandoned farmland. They can evolve into long-term planning for the conservation of landed wealth and the valorization of territories. Finally, Mountaineering villages have the potential to develop a more sustainable form of tourism by fostering a sense of responsibility for the natural and cultural heritage of the European Alps, in accordance with the Alpine Convention. These initiatives share the involvement of local actors in the definition of local development strategies, the capability of enhancing endogenous resources and increasing the environmental value of places, the importance of offering qualified and organized services, and the ability to support the local socioeconomic system. The adoption of innovative and participatory approaches such as these has the potential to revert depopulation and economic depression trends in mountain areas.
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26
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Perceived Benefits and Forest Tourists Consumption Intention: Environmental Protection Attitude and Resource Utilization Attitude as Mediators. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Establishing a relationship model between environmental protection and resource utilization attitude and consumption intention is the key to promoting the sustainable development of forest tourism. From the standpoint of the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) framework, the purpose of this study is to explore the complex causal relationships between perceived benefits, attitudes toward environmental protection, resource utilization attitudes, and consumption intentions in the context of forest tourism. The research data have been collected using a questionnaire survey of 436 tourists at Siming Mountain in the suburbs of Ningbo city, China. Furthermore, it is analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results indicate a positive correlation between the perceived benefits and tourists’ consumption intention that is mediated by the tourists’ attitude toward resource utilization. Although the independent mediating effect of environmental protection attitude is not supported in this study, both attitudes have played a chain-mediating role between perceived benefit and consumption intention. This study contributes to the existing knowledge by measuring the impact of perceived benefits and environmental attitudes of forest tourists on consumption intentions.
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Zorić M, Farkić J, Kebert M, Mladenović E, Karaklić D, Isailović G, Orlović S. Developing Forest Therapy Programmes Based on the Health Benefits of Terpenes in Dominant Tree Species in Tara National Park (Serbia). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095504. [PMID: 35564899 PMCID: PMC9104620 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous medical studies have shown the positive effects of forests on different aspects of human health. This study deals with the content of major terpenes in dominant coniferous species in Tara National Park, Serbia, in order to explore the potential for the development of a novel health tourism programme based on forest therapy. Main terpenes were analysed using a headspace-sampling technique coupled with gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (Head-space-GC/MS). Needles of fir and spruce growing in the vicinity of hiking trails were investigated for possibilities to perform such therapy. Major detected terpenes were α-cadinol and spathulenol previously described as antiviral, antitumor, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agents. The results of the study were favourable and worked well with the existing walking infrastructure in the observed area of the Tara Mountain, as they act as invaluable resources for designing the structured forest bathing walks. The study not only adds to the knowledge in the environmental and public health realm but also to tourism and sustainability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zorić
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13d, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jelena Farkić
- Academy of Applied Studies, Bulevar Zorana Djindjica 152a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Marko Kebert
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13d, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Emina Mladenović
- Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Dragić Karaklić
- Public Enterprise ‘Tara National Park’, Milenka Topalovića 3, 31250 Bajina Bašta, Serbia;
| | - Gorana Isailović
- Forest Therapy Southeastern Europe, Gospodar Jevremova 25, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Saša Orlović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13d, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.O.)
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Ross AM, Jones RJF. Simulated Forest Immersion Therapy: Methods Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095373. [PMID: 35564767 PMCID: PMC9105281 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Shinrin-yoku, forest bathing, may provide relief from chronic and breakthrough pain in patients with axial spondyloarthritis and improve immune function through increasing NK cell numbers and activity and their downstream effectors, perforin and granulysin, after chemo- or radiation therapy in breast and prostate cancer patients. The aim of this paper is to describe the study protocol for a simulated forest immersion therapy using virtual reality and atomized phytoncides, volatile organic compounds found in forested areas designed to effect positive change for these two patient populations. The setting, including the room set up and samples with inclusion/exclusion specific to this type of intervention, is outlined. Measures and calibration procedures pertinent to determining the feasibility of simulated forest immersion therapy are presented and include: ambient and surface room temperatures and relative humidity in real time, ambient ultrafine particulate matter, ambient droplet measurement that coincides with volatile organic compounds, specific phytoncides, and virtual reality and atomization of phytoncide set up. Particular lessons learned while training and setting up the equipment are presented. Simulated forest immersion therapy is possible with attention to detail during this early phase when development of methods, equipment testing, and feasibility in deploying the intervention become operational. The expected outcome of the development of the methods for this study is the creation of a standardized approach to simulating forest therapy in a controlled laboratory space.
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29
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de Sousa NF, Scotti L, de Moura ÉP, dos Santos Maia M, Soares Rodrigues GC, de Medeiros HIR, Lopes SM, Scotti MT. Computer Aided Drug Design Methodologies with Natural Products in the Drug Research Against Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:857-885. [PMID: 34636299 PMCID: PMC9881095 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211005145952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are compounds isolated from plants that provide a variety of lead structures for the development of new drugs by the pharmaceutical industry. The interest in these substances increases because of their beneficial effects on human health. Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects occur in about 80% of individuals aged 65 years. AD, the most common cause of dementia in elderly people, is characterized by progressive neurodegenerative alterations, as decrease of cholinergic impulse, increased toxic effects caused by reactive oxygen species and the inflammatory process that the amyloid plaque participates. In silico studies is relevant in the process of drug discovery; through technological advances in the areas of structural characterization of molecules, computational science and molecular biology have contributed to the planning of new drugs used against neurodegenerative diseases. Considering the social impairment caused by an increased incidence of disease and that there is no chemotherapy treatment effective against AD; several compounds are studied. In the researches for effective neuroprotectants as potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease, natural products have been extensively studied in various AD models. This study aims to carry out a literature review with articles that address the in silico studies of natural products aimed at potential drugs against Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the period from 2015 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Ferreira de Sousa
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil;,Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil,Address correspondence to this author at the Health Sciences Center, Chemioinformatic Laboratory, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil; E-mail:
| | - Érika Paiva de Moura
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Mayara dos Santos Maia
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cristina Soares Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Herbert Igor Rodrigues de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Simone Mendes Lopes
- Postgraduate Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil
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Evaluating Potential Respiratory Benefits of Forest-Based Experiences: A Regional Scale Approach. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Several studies have suggested the possibility of obtaining specific respiratory benefits by experiencing forests and other natural resources. Despite this, forests have never been considered according to such potential. This study aims to compare municipalities by considering the absence/presence of tree species generating ‘above threshold’ potential respiratory benefits. Methods: The autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia Giulia in Italy has been assumed as a research area. The natural resource based view (NRBV), postulating the strategic role played by natural resources in achieving both above-average (thus ‘valuable’) and ‘concentrated’ (thus ‘rare’ among competitors) performance, has been adopted. The literature reviews dealing with potential respiratory benefits of biogenic organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by trees, published within the ‘forest therapy’ research field, have been adopted. Three analysis models rating tree species by their potential respiratory benefits in ‘holistic-general’ (P1), ‘particular’ (P2), and ‘dynamic” terms (P3) have been outlined. The resulting overall potentials of tree species have been assessed by adopting the well-rooted Hollerith distance (HD) model. Tree species have been rated “1” when they satisfy one or more of 58 potential respiratory benefits. Municipalities have been ranked by considering the surface area covered by forest types whose dominant tree species achieve above-average potential respiratory benefits. QGIS software has been adopted to geographically reference the results obtained. Results: (P1) Valuable municipalities include those covered by both coniferous and deciduous forests; (P2–3) Municipalities achieving the highest potential respiratory benefits, in both particular and dynamic terms, have been mapped. Discussion: Forest-based initiatives that are running in the preselected municipalities can be both further improved and diversified in a targeted way. Conclusions: Despite some limitations mostly embedded in the concept of ‘model’, this study allows scholars to reduce uncertainties when locating municipalities in which to conduct local-scale experiments.
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Chen C, Yu LT, Cheng BR, Xu JL, Cai Y, Jin JL, Feng RL, Xie L, Qu XY, Li D, Liu J, Li Y, Cui XY, Lu JJ, Zhou K, Lin Q, Wan J. Promising Therapeutic Candidate for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: What Are the Possible Mechanisms and Roles of Phytochemicals? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:792592. [PMID: 35252368 PMCID: PMC8893235 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.792592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the most effective reperfusion strategies for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) despite myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, causing one of the causes of most cardiomyocyte injuries and deaths. The pathological processes of myocardial I/R injury include apoptosis, autophagy, and irreversible cell death caused by calcium overload, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Eventually, myocardial I/R injury causes a spike of further cardiomyocyte injury that contributes to final infarct size (IS) and bound with hospitalization of heart failure as well as all-cause mortality within the following 12 months. Therefore, the addition of adjuvant intervention to improve myocardial salvage and cardiac function calls for further investigation. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in Chinese herbal medicine. Great effort has been put into phytochemicals because they are often in line with the expectations to improve myocardial I/R injury without compromising the clinical efficacy or to even produce synergy. We summarized the previous efforts, briefly outlined the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury, and focused on exploring the cardioprotective effects and potential mechanisms of all phytochemical types that have been investigated under myocardial I/R injury. Phytochemicals deserve to be utilized as promising therapeutic candidates for further development and research on combating myocardial I/R injury. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bai-Ru Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Lin Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ru-Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Long Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yan Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Jin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Lin
| | - Jie Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Jie Wan
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Egbuta MA, McIntosh S, Waters DLE, Vancov T, Liu L. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Essential Oil and β-Bisabolol Derived from Cotton Gin Trash. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020526. [PMID: 35056836 PMCID: PMC8779114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural α-bisabolol has been widely used in cosmetics and is sourced mainly from the stems of Candeia trees that have become endangered due to over exploitation. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of cotton gin trash (CGT) essential oil and the major terpenoid (β-bisabolol) purified from the oil were investigated against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages as well as the 3t3 and HS27 fibroblast cell lines. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were measured using Greiss reagent, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cytokine bead array (CBA)-flow cytometry. Non-toxic concentrations of CGT oil and β-bisabolol (1.6–50.0 µg/mL) significantly inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediators in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal inhibition by β-bisabolol was 55.5% for NO, 62.3% for PGE2, and 45.3% for TNF-α production in RAW cells. β-Bisabolol induced a level of inhibition similar to an equal concentration of α-bisabolol (50.0 µg/mL), a known anti-inflammatory agent. These results suggest β-bisabolol exerts similar in vitro effects to known topical anti-inflammatory agents and could therefore be exploited for cosmetic and therapeutic uses. This is the first study to report the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of β-bisabolol in CGT essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A. Egbuta
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.A.E.); (S.M.); (D.L.E.W.)
| | - Shane McIntosh
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.A.E.); (S.M.); (D.L.E.W.)
| | - Daniel L. E. Waters
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.A.E.); (S.M.); (D.L.E.W.)
| | - Tony Vancov
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Planning, Industry & Environment, DPI Agriculture, Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia;
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.A.E.); (S.M.); (D.L.E.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-02-6620-3293
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Łukowski A, Jagiełło R, Robakowski P, Adamczyk D, Karolewski P. Adaptation of a simple method to determine the total terpenoid content in needles of coniferous trees. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 314:111090. [PMID: 34895553 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In ecological research, quantitative methods are often used to measure the total content of metabolites groups (i.e., phenols, carbohydrates). Until recently, there has been no simple and effective method to determine the total terpenoid content with satisfactory repeatability and sensitivity. The procedure proposed by Ghorai et al. (2012) requires the use of fresh plant material. That may be problematic when experimental units are located far from a laboratory. Our goals were to optimize the procedure, and to find the threshold of misestimation using the procedure adjusted to work with dried material. Needles of Pinus sylvestris were used to test the effect of changes in drying, grinding, storage, and extraction on determined total terpenoid content. All applied changes in material storage and grinding decreased the quantity of the terpenoids in needles. Only air-dried and ball-milled material produced similar results to those obtained with fresh material - can be recommended if the fresh material unattainable. Air-dried material may be stored for up to three months, but it resulted in greater variation and then greater sample size is needed. Lower sample mass and solvent volume have no impact on accuracy. Shorter extraction time, oven-drying or microwaving leads to unreliability of measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Łukowski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Radosław Jagiełło
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Robakowski
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dawid Adamczyk
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Piotr Karolewski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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Sexton M, Garcia JM, Jatoi A, Clark CS, Wallace MS. The Management of Cancer Symptoms and Treatment-Induced Side Effects With Cannabis or Cannabinoids. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2021; 2021:86-98. [PMID: 34850897 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis and cannabinoids are increasingly being accessed and used by patients with advanced cancer for various symptoms and general quality of life. Specific symptoms of pain, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite and cachexia, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and medical trauma are among those that have prompted patients with cancer to use cannabis. This conference report from the National Cancer Institute's "Cannabis, Cannabinoid and Cancer Research Symposium" on the topic of "Cancer Symptom/Treatment Side Effect Management" is an expert perspective of cannabis intervention for cancer and cancer treatment-related symptoms. The purpose of the symposium was to identify research gaps, describe the need for high-quality randomized prospective studies of medical cannabis for palliative care in patients with cancer, and evaluate the impact of medical cannabis on cancer survivors' quality of life. Further, education of clinicians and affiliated health-care providers in guiding cancer patients in using cannabis for cancer care would benefit patients. Together, these steps will further aid in refining the use of cannabis and cannabinoids for symptom palliation and improve safety and efficacy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Sexton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Management, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jose M Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Washington and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Puget Sound Veterans Administration Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aminah Jatoi
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carey S Clark
- Department of Nursing, Pacific College of Health and Science, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Wallace
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Management, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Cardiorespiratory Interaction and Autonomic Sleep Quality Improve during Sleep in Beds Made from Pinus cembra (Stone Pine) Solid Wood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189749. [PMID: 34574675 PMCID: PMC8472742 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory interactions (CRIs) reflect the mutual tuning of two important organismic oscillators—the heartbeat and respiration. These interactions can be used as a powerful tool to characterize the self-organizational and recreational quality of sleep. In this randomized, blinded and cross-over design study, we investigated CRIs in 15 subjects over a total of 253 nights who slept in beds made from different materials. One type of bed, used as control, was made of melamine faced chipboard with a wood-like appearance, while the other type was made of solid wood from stone pine (Pinus cembra). We observed a significant increase of vagal activity (measured by respiratory sinus arrhythmia), a decrease in the heart rate (as an indicator of energy consumption during sleep) and an improvement in CRIs, especially during the first hours of sleep in the stone pine beds as compared to the chipboard beds. Subjective assessments of study participants’ well-being in the morning and sub-scalar assessments of their intrapsychic stability were significantly better after they slept in the stone pine bed than after they slept in the chipboard bed. Our observations suggest that CRIs are sensitive to detectable differences in indoor settings that are relevant to human health. Our results are in agreement with those of other studies that have reported that exposure to volatile phytochemical ingredients of stone pine (α-pinene, limonene, bornyl acetate) lead to an improvement in vagal activity and studies that show a reduction in stress parameters upon contact with solid wood surfaces.
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Ji W, Ji X. Comparative Analysis of Volatile Terpenes and Terpenoids in the Leaves of Pinus Species-A Potentially Abundant Renewable Resource. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175244. [PMID: 34500678 PMCID: PMC8433728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinaceae plants are widely distributed in the world, and the resources of pine leaves are abundant. In the extensive literature concerning Pinus species, there is much data on the composition and the content of essential oil of leaves. Still, a detailed comparative analysis of volatile terpenes and terpenoids between different species is missing. In this paper, headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the volatile terpenes and terpenoids of typical Pinus species in China. A total of 46 volatile terpenes and terpenoids were identified, and 12 common compounds were found, which exhibited a great diversity in the leaves of Pinus species. According to the structures and properties of the compounds, all those compounds can be classified into four categories, namely monoterpenes, oxygenated terpenes, terpene esters, and sesquiterpenes. The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the leaves of the six Pinus species could be divided into two groups. The species and contents of volatile terpenes and terpenoids in the leaves were quite different. The results not only provide a reference for the utilization of pine leaves resource, but also bring a broader vision on the biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensu Ji
- Ordnance Non-Commissioned Officers School, Army Engineering University of PLA, Wuhan 430075, China;
| | - Xiaoyue Ji
- Advanced Analysis & Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence:
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Wang S, Ma J, Zeng Y, Zhou G, Wang Y, Zhou W, Sun X, Wu M. Icariin, an Up-and-Coming Bioactive Compound Against Neurological Diseases: Network Pharmacology-Based Study and Literature Review. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:3619-3641. [PMID: 34447243 PMCID: PMC8384151 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s310686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Icariin is a biologically active substance in Epimedii herba that is used for the treatment of neurologic disorders. However, a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms of icariin is lacking. In this review, we present a brief history of the use of icariin for medicinal purposes; describe the active chemical components of Epimedii herba; and examine the evidence from experimental studies that have uncovered molecular targets of icariin in different diseases. We also constructed a protein–protein interaction network and carried out Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analyses to predict the therapeutic actions of icariin in nervous system diseases including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, ischemic stroke, depressive disorder, multiple sclerosis, glioblastoma, and hereditary spastic paraplegias. The results of our analyses can guide future studies on the application of icariin to the treatment of neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqiu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Ma
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Zeng
- First Clinical Medical School, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- First Clinical Medical School, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohe Sun
- First Clinical Medical School, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,First Clinical Medical School, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Chang HT, Wu CD, Wang JD, Chen PS, Su HJ. Residential green space structures are associated with a lower risk of bipolar disorder: A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:115864. [PMID: 33857883 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although many researchers have identified the potential psychological benefits offered by greenness, the association between green space structures and mental disorders is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to identify associations between green space structures and the incidence of bipolar disorder. To this end, we investigated 1,907,776 individuals collected from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. After a follow-up investigation from 2005 to 2016, among those with no history of bipolar disorder, 20,548 individuals were further found to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder. A geographic information system and landscape index were used to quantify three indices of green space structures: mean patch area (area and edge), mean fractal dimension index (shape), and mean proximity index (proximity). Additionally, greenness indices, the normalized difference vegetation index, and the enhanced vegetation index were used to confirm the association between greenness and incidence of bipolar disorder. These five indices were used to represent the individual's exposure according to the township of the hospital that they most frequently visited with symptoms of the common cold. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to select variables by considering their collinearity. Subsequently, the frailty model for each index was used to examine the specific associations between those respective indices and the incidence of bipolar disorder by adjusting for related risk factors, such as socioeconomic status, metabolic syndrome, and air pollution. A negative association was identified between the mean patch area and the mean proximity index, and the incidence of bipolar disorder. In contrast, a positive association was found between the mean fractal dimension index and the incidence of bipolar disorder. We observed similar results in sensitivity testing and subgroup analysis. Exposure to green spaces with a larger area, greater proximity, lower complexity, and greener area may reduce the risk of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ting Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Der Wang
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, College of, Medicine, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Po-See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of, Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, 64000, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Jen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Stromsnes K, Correas AG, Lehmann J, Gambini J, Olaso-Gonzalez G. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Diet: Role in Healthy Aging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:922. [PMID: 34440125 PMCID: PMC8389628 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological process involved in the defenses of the body and the repair of tissues. It is acutely activated by infections, trauma, toxins, or allergic reactions. However, if it becomes chronic, inflammation can end up stimulating the development of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, neurological disease, or cancer. Additionally, during aging, inflammation becomes increasingly more chronic. Furthermore, we found that certain foods, such as saturated fats, have pro-inflammatory activity. Taking this into account, in this review we have discussed different diets with possible anti-inflammatory activity, the commonly ingested components of each diet and their active compounds. In addition, we have proposed some dietary guidelines, as well as a list of compounds present in foods with anti-inflammatory activity, outlining how to combine them to achieve optimal anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we can conclude that the compounds in our diet with anti-inflammatory activity could help alleviate the inflammatory processes derived from diseases and unhealthy diets, and thereby promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Stromsnes
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (A.G.C.); (G.O.-G.)
| | - Angela G. Correas
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (A.G.C.); (G.O.-G.)
| | - Jenny Lehmann
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Juan Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (A.G.C.); (G.O.-G.)
| | - Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (A.G.C.); (G.O.-G.)
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Du Y, Luan J, Jiang RP, Liu J, Ma Y. Myrcene exerts anti-asthmatic activity in neonatal rats via modulating the matrix remodeling. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 34:2058738420954948. [PMID: 32962470 PMCID: PMC7517990 DOI: 10.1177/2058738420954948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrcene (MC), an organic hydrocarbon, was found to exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimutagenic and antioxidant properties. However, the protective role of MC has not been reported against neonatal asthma. Wistar rats induced with asthma were administered with MC; while asthma control and vehicle control were maintained without MC administration. At the end of the experimental period, lung histology, inflammatory cell counts, cytokine analysis, matrix protein expressions were elucidated. Rats administered with MC exerted significant (P < 0.05) defense in protecting the lung tissue with the evidenced restoration of alveolar thickening of the lung tissues. Also, the present study elicited the anti-asthmatic activity of MC, especially via modulating the extracellular matrix protein expression in the asthma-induced animals, while a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the fibrotic markers were found in MC treated animals. Moreover, the protective effect of MC was evidenced with reduced leukocyte infiltration in BALF, hypersensitive specific IgE levels with a profound decrease in the inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-18, and IL-21 in MC administered animals compared to the asthma-induced group. To an extent, the markers of asthmatic inflammation such as CD14, MCP-1, and TARC were also found to be attenuated in MC exposed animals. The possible application of MC is a promising drug for the treatment of asthma-mediated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Luan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ren Peng Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Bratman GN, Olvera‐Alvarez HA, Gross JJ. The affective benefits of nature exposure. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N. Bratman
- Environment and Well‐Being Lab School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | | | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology Stanford University Stanford CA USA
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Aguiar J, Gonçalves JL, Alves VL, Câmara JS. Relationship between Volatile Composition and Bioactive Potential of Vegetables and Fruits of Regular Consumption-An Integrative Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123653. [PMID: 34203867 PMCID: PMC8232647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying and exploring the potential health benefits of foods, mainly from vegetables and fruits from regular intake. The presence of secondary metabolites, namely polyphenols, carotenoids and terpenes, in certain food matrices seems to contribute to their functional properties, expressed through an increased prevention in the development of certain chronic diseases, namely coronary heart diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and diabetes. However, some foods' volatile secondary metabolites also present important bioactive properties, although this is a poorly scientifically explored field. In this context, and in order to explore the potential bioactivity of volatile metabolites in different vegetables and fruits from regular consumption, the volatile composition was established using a green extraction technique, solid phase microextraction in headspace mode (HS-SPME), combined with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 320 volatile metabolites, comprising 51 terpenic compounds, 45 organosulfur compounds, 31 aldehydes, 37 esters, 29 ketones, 28 alcohols, 23 furanic compounds, 22 hydrocarbons, 19 benzene compounds, 13 nitrogenous compounds, 9 carboxylic acids, 7 ethers, 4 halogenated compounds and 3 naphthalene derivatives, were positively identified. Each investigated fruit and vegetable showed a specific volatile metabolomic profile. The obtained results revealed that terpenic compounds, to which are associated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, are the most predominant chemical family in beetroot (61%), orange carrot (58%) and white carrot (61%), while organosulfur compounds (antiviral activity) are dominant in onion, garlic and watercress. Broccoli and spinach are essentially constituted by alcohols and aldehydes (enzyme-inhibition and antimicrobial properties), while fruits from the Solanaceae family are characterized by esters in tamarillo and aldehydes in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselin Aguiar
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.L.G.); (V.L.A.)
| | - João L. Gonçalves
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.L.G.); (V.L.A.)
| | - Vera L. Alves
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.L.G.); (V.L.A.)
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.L.G.); (V.L.A.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-291-705-112; Fax: +351-291-705-149
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Bach A, Maneja R, Zaldo-Aubanell Q, Romanillos T, Llusià J, Eustaquio A, Palacios O, Penuelas J. Human absorption of monoterpenes after a 2-h forest exposure: A field experiment in a Mediterranean holm oak forest. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 200:114080. [PMID: 33901754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The current body of literature points monoterpenes as one of the determinant factors of the interaction between forests and human health. The present study aims at analyzing the monoterpene absorption by humans during a 2 -hs forest exposure in a Mediterranean holm oak forest focusing on the four most abundant monoterpene compounds: alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, alpha-phellandrene and limonene. Participants' blood samples were collected before and after exposure to forest or urban environment (control). We conducted air and blood sampling using cartridges and head space method and determined the monoterpene compounds through CGMS. We identified the four compounds in forest air during the experimental study being alpha-pinene the monoterpene with the greatest concentration. Results show no significant changes in monoterpene blood concentrations for the forest and control group. However, a negative significant relationship between absorption and baseline blood concentration of the most abundant forest air monoterpenes, alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, was found in individuals visiting the forest, i.e. higher absorption was found the lower the baseline blood concentration was. Although no significant lineal correlation could be spotted between the vital variables and the monoterpene absorption, we found significant correlations between the absorption of the monoterpene compounds. This attempt, first in a Mediterranean holm oak forest, can serve as a starting point and constitute a valuable contribution for further research in regard to experimental design and laboratory analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Bach
- Environment and Human Health Laboratory (EH(2)Lab), Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia, Ctra. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain; Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia, Ctra. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain.
| | - Roser Maneja
- Environment and Human Health Laboratory (EH(2)Lab), Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia, Ctra. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain; Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia, Ctra. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain; Geography Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), B building, UAB Campus 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Quim Zaldo-Aubanell
- Environment and Human Health Laboratory (EH(2)Lab), Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia, Ctra. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Z building, ICTA-ICP, Carrer de les columnes, UAB Campus, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Romanillos
- Environment and Human Health Laboratory (EH(2)Lab), Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia, Ctra. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain; Hospital of St. Celoni, St. Celoni, 08470, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alba Eustaquio
- Chemical Analysis Service, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Palacios
- Chemical Analysis Service, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona Catalonia, Spain
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Linalool Alleviates A β42-Induced Neurodegeneration via Suppressing ROS Production and Inflammation in Fly and Rat Models of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8887716. [PMID: 33777322 PMCID: PMC7972854 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8887716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are vital metabolites found in various plants and animals and known to be beneficial in the treatment of various diseases. Previously, our group identified terpenes that increased the survival of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model flies expressing human amyloid β (Aβ) and identified linalool as a neuroprotective terpene against Aβ toxicity. Linalool is a monoterpene that is commonly present as a constituent in essential oils from aromatic plants and is known to have anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihyperlipidemia, antibacterial, and neuroprotective properties. Although several studies have shown the beneficial effect of linalool in AD animal models, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of linalool on AD are yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we showed that linalool intake increased the survival of the AD model flies during development in a dose-dependent manner, while the survival of wild-type flies was not affected even at high linalool concentrations. Linalool also decreases Aβ-induced apoptosis in eye discs as well as the larval brain. Moreover, linalool intake was found to reduce neurodegeneration in the brain of adult AD model flies. However, linalool did not affect the total amount of Aβ42 protein or Aβ42 aggregation. Rather, linalool decreased Aβ-induced ROS levels, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in the brains of AD model flies. Furthermore, linalool attenuated the induction of oxidative stress and gliosis by Aβ1-42 treatment in the rat hippocampus. Taken together, our data suggest that linalool exerts its beneficial effects on AD by reducing Aβ42-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions.
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Nature Exposure and Its Effects on Immune System Functioning: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041416. [PMID: 33546397 PMCID: PMC7913501 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Given the drastic changes in our lifestyles and ecosystems worldwide, the potential health effects of natural environments have grown into a highly pervasive topic. Recent scientific findings suggest beneficial effects from nature exposure on human immune responses. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of literature published on immunomodulatory effects of nature exposure by inhalation of natural substances. A systematic database search was performed in SCOPUS and PubMed. The quality and potential bias of included studies (n = 33) were assessed by applying the EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project) tool for human studies and the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) and SYRCLE (Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation) tools for animal studies. The synthesis of reviewed studies points to positive effects of nature exposure on immunological health parameters; such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-asthmatic effects or increased NK (natural killer) cell activity. Decreased expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, infiltration of leukocytes and release of cytotoxic mediators are outcomes that may serve as a baseline for further studies. However, partially weak study designs evoked uncertainties about outcome reproducibility and key questions remain open concerning effect sizes, duration of exposure and contributions of specific vegetation or ecosystem types.
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Sarkar T, Salauddin M, Pati S, Sheikh HI, Chakraborty R. Application of raw and differently dried Pineapple (
Ananas comosus
) pulp on Rasgulla (sweetened Casein Ball) to enhance its phenolic profile, shelf life, and in‐vitro digestibility characteristics. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Jadavpur University Jadavpur India
- Malda Polytechnic West Bengal State Council of Technical EducationGovt. of West Bengal India
| | - Molla Salauddin
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Jadavpur University Jadavpur India
| | - Siddhartha Pati
- Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development University Malaysia Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia
- Research Division Association for Biodiversity Conservation and Research (ABC) Odisha India
| | - Hassan I. Sheikh
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science University Malaysia Terengganu Kuala Terengganu Malaysia
| | - Runu Chakraborty
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Jadavpur University Jadavpur India
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α-Pinene Enhances the Anticancer Activity of Natural Killer Cells via ERK/AKT Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020656. [PMID: 33440866 PMCID: PMC7826552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can directly destroy cancer cells. When NK cells are activated, CD56 and CD107a markers are able to recognize cancer cells and release perforin and granzyme B proteins that induce apoptosis in the targeted cells. In this study, we focused on the role of phytoncides in activating NK cells and promoting anticancer effects. We tested the effects of several phytoncide compounds on NK-92mi cells and demonstrated that α-pinene treatment exhibited higher anticancer effects, as observed by the increased levels of perforin, granzyme B, CD56 and CD107a. Furthermore, α-pinene treatment in NK-92mi cells increased NK cell cytotoxicity in two different cell lines, and immunoblot assays revealed that the ERK/AKT pathway is involved in NK cell cytotoxicity in response to phytoncides. Furthermore, CT-26 colon cancer cells were allografted subcutaneously into BALB/c mice, and α-pinene treatment then inhibited allografted tumor growth. Our findings demonstrate that α-pinene activates NK cells and increases NK cell cytotoxicity, suggesting it is a potential compound for cancer immunotherapy.
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The Effect of Surrounding Greenness on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010267. [PMID: 33396518 PMCID: PMC7795104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study determines whether surrounding greenness is associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Taiwan. A retrospective cohort study determines the relationship between surrounding greenness and the incidence of T2DM during the study period of 2001–2012 using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database. The satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from the global MODIS database in the NASA Earth Observing System is used to assess greenness. Cox proportional hazard models are used to determine the relationship between exposure to surrounding greenness and the incidence of T2DM, with adjustment for potential confounders. A total of 429,504 subjects, including 40,479 subjects who developed T2DM, were identified during the study period. There is an inverse relationship between exposure to surrounding greenness and the incidence of T2DM after adjustment for individual-level covariates, comorbidities, and the region-level covariates (adjusted HR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.79–0.82). For the general population of Taiwan, greater exposure to surrounding greenness is associated with a lower incidence of T2DM.
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Silva LK, Espenship MF, Newman CA, Blount BC, De Jesús VR. Quantification of Seven Terpenes in Human Serum by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13861-13867. [PMID: 32929965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are a class of volatile organic hydrocarbons commonly produced by vegetation and released into the atmosphere. These compounds are responsible for the scents of pine forests, citrus fruits, and some flowers. Human terpene exposure can come from inhalation, diet, smoking, and more recently, using e-cigarettes. Terpenes are present in tobacco smoke and are used as flavor chemicals in e-liquids. The health effects of terpenes are not widely known, though several studies have suggested that they may prove useful in future medical applications. We have developed a novel, high-throughput method of quantifying seven terpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, 3-carene, limonene, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene) in human serum to aid human-exposure investigations. This method employs headspace sampling using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to detect and quantify five monoterpenes and two sesquiterpenes in the low parts-per-trillion to low parts-per-billion range. The intraday and interday variability (percent error) of the method are ≤2 and ≤11%, respectively. In addition, this method showed excellent recovery in human serum (between 80 and 120% for all analytes). The assay precision ranges between 4.0 and 11%. Limits of detection ranged between 0.032 and 0.162 μg/L. Using serum cotinine values to classify tobacco use showed that smokers have higher serum concentrations of six terpenes compared to nonusers. Terpene concentrations were 14-78% higher in smokers than nonusers. Our method can provide essential biomonitoring data to establish baseline exposure levels for terpenes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalith K Silva
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Michael F Espenship
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Cody A Newman
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Víctor R De Jesús
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
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The preservation and augmentation of volatile terpenes in cannabis inflorescence. J Cannabis Res 2020; 2:27. [PMID: 33526109 PMCID: PMC7819294 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-020-00035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Terpenes contribute to the pharmacology, efficacy, aroma, and flavor of cannabis inflorescence, improving the experience for medical and recreational users. Terpenes are inherently volatile, resulting in the loss of terpene content as inflorescence ages. A method to establish and/or maintain a desired terpene content of cannabis inflorescence is needed. A novel packaging method was investigated for the preservation of native terpenes and the replenishment of terpenes to depleted inflorescence over various storage durations. Methods Inflorescence samples from two different chemotypes (DJ’s Gold, Cream Caramel) were obtained from a state licensed medical cannabis organization. Samples from the DJ’s Gold chemotype were depleted of terpenes whereas samples from the Cream Caramel chemotype had a terpene content representative of inflorescence available for medicinal or recreational purposes. Inflorescence samples were stored using the novel packaging approach, in airtight containers in the presence of external terpenes. Control samples were similarly stored without external terpenes. Terpene content of the inflorescence samples were quantitively determined by headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS GC-MS) after various storage durations. Main effects analysis was used to determine the impact of various parameters on the effectiveness of the system. Results All samples stored using the novel packaging approach had a higher terpene content than their corresponding control. 1.18% (w/w) of external terpene, relative to inflorescence weight, was the minimum amount required to maintain the initial terpene content of the inflorescence after 6 weeks of storage. Main effects analysis showed that augmentation of inflorescence terpene content was dependent upon the amount and type of external volatile utilized. The terpene profile of inflorescence samples from two separate harvests were selectively adjusted, reducing the percent difference of the two sample’s terpene profiles by 39.5%. Conclusions A successful proof of concept was achieved for preservation, augmentation, and replenishment of terpenes to cannabis inflorescence over various storage durations. Inflorescence stored using the novel packaging approach is a significant step towards providing patients with cannabis inflorescence of reproducible and reliable terpene content, an important component of inflorescence efficacy. The novel approach for replenishment of terpenes to depleted inflorescence represents an exciting development for patients and manufacturers.
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