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Qiao M, Lv S, Qiao Y, Lin W, Gao Z, Tang X, Yang Z, Chen J. Exogenous Streptomyces spp. enhance the drought resistance of naked oat ( Avena nuda) seedlings by augmenting both the osmoregulation mechanisms and antioxidant capacities. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23312. [PMID: 38588711 DOI: 10.1071/fp23312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Drought is a major obstacle to the development of naked oat industry. This work investigated mechanisms by which exogenous Streptomyces albidoflavus T4 and Streptomyces rochei D74 improved drought tolerance in naked oat (Avena nuda ) seedlings. Results showed that in the seed germination experiment, germination rate, radicle and hypocotyl length of naked oat seeds treated with the fermentation filtrate of T4 or D74 under PEG induced drought stress increased significantly. In the hydroponic experiment, the shoot and root dry weights of oat seedlings increased significantly when treated with the T4 or D74 fermentation filtrate under the 15% PEG induced drought stress (S15). Simultaneously, the T4 treatment also significantly increased the surface area, volume, the number of tips and the root activity of oat seedlings. Both T4 and D74 treatments elicited significant increases in proline and soluble sugar contents, as well as the catalase and peroxidase activities in oat seedlings. The results of comprehensive drought resistance capacity (CDRC) calculation of oat plants showed that the drought resistance of oat seedlings under the T4 treatment was better than that under the D74 treatment, and the effect was better under higher drought stress (S15). Findings of this study may provide a novel and effective approach for enhancing plant defenses against drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Qiao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Siyuan Lv
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yuejing Qiao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; and Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Wen Lin
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; and Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; and Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiwang Tang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066102, China
| | - Zhenping Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; and Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; and Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Efficiency in Loess Plateau, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
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Yao L, Bojic D, Liu M. Applications and safety of gold nanoparticles as therapeutic devices in clinical trials. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:960-967. [PMID: 37842655 PMCID: PMC10568098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in medicine is an emerging field of translational research with vast clinical implications and exciting therapeutic potential. However, the safety of using GNPs in human subjects is an important question that remains unanswered. This study reviews over 20 clinical trials focused on GNP safety and aims to summarize all the clinical studies, completed and ongoing, to identify whether GNPs are safe to use in humans as a therapeutic platform. In these studies, GNPs were implemented as drug delivery devices, for photothermal therapy, and utilized for their intrinsic therapeutic effects by various routes of delivery. These studies revealed no major safety concerns with the use of GNPs; however, the number of trials and total patient number remains limited. Multi-dose, multi-center blinded trials are required to deepen our understanding of the use of GNPs in clinical settings to facilitate translation of this novel, multifaceted therapeutic device. Expanding clinical trials will require collaboration between clinicians, scientists, and biotechnology companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeann Yao
- Latner Thoracic Surgical Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Dejan Bojic
- Latner Thoracic Surgical Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgical Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Medicine and Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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Gąsowska-Bajger B, Sosnowska K, Gąsowska-Bodnar A, Bodnar L. The Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid, as a Representative Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug, on the Activity of Myeloperoxidase. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1012. [PMID: 37513924 PMCID: PMC10386752 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA or aspirin) is one of the world's most widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Numerous studies have shown that the long-term use of aspirin may contribute to longer survival among patients with various types of cancer, including ovarian cancer. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ASA on myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is found at an elevated level in women with ovarian cancer, among others. METHODS The influence of different concentrations of ASA on the chlorinating and peroxidase activity of MPO was analysed. The relationship between the concentration of ASA and the degree of inhibition of MPO activity was determined based on the results. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin has a significant effect on MPO activity. The use of 50 mM ASA resulted in the enzyme activity being inhibited by more than 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kinga Sosnowska
- Institute of Chemistry, Opole University, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gąsowska-Bodnar
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Lubomir Bodnar
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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Klanovicz N, Camargo AF, Ramos B, Michelon W, Treichel H, Teixeira ACSC. A review of hybrid enzymatic-chemical treatment for wastewater containing antiepileptic drugs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27487-z. [PMID: 37184794 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases worldwide and requires treatment with antiepileptic drugs for many years or for life. This fact leads to the need for constant production and use of these compounds, placing them among the four pharmaceutical classes most found in wastewater. Even at low concentrations, antiepileptics pose risks to human and environmental health and are considered organic contaminants of emerging concern. Conventional treatments have shown low removal of these drugs, requiring advanced and innovative approaches. In this context, this review covers the results and perspectives on (1) consumption and occurrence of antiepileptics in water, (2) toxicological effects in aquatic ecosystems, (3) enzymatic and advanced oxidation processes for degrading antiepileptics drugs from a molecular point of view (biochemical and chemical phenomena), (4) improvements in treatment efficiency by hybridization, and (5) technical aspects of the enzymatic-AOP reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Klanovicz
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508080, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses (LAMIBI), Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil.
| | - Aline Frumi Camargo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses (LAMIBI), Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Bioscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ramos
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508080, Brazil
| | | | - Helen Treichel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses (LAMIBI), Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508080, Brazil
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Coudert E, Baéza E, Chartrin P, Jimenez J, Cailleau-Audouin E, Bordeau T, Berri C. Slow and Fast-Growing Chickens Use Different Antioxidant Pathways to Maintain Their Redox Balance during Postnatal Growth. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071160. [PMID: 37048416 PMCID: PMC10093630 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of parameters known to be relevant indicators of energy status, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense in chickens was followed. These parameters were measured weekly from 1 to 42 days in plasma and/or muscles and liver of two strains differing in growth rate. At 1-day old, in plasma, slow-growing (SG) chicks were characterized by a high total antioxidant status (TAS), probably related to higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and uric acid levels compared to fast-growing (FG) chicks whereas the lipid peroxidation levels were higher in the liver and muscles of SG day-old chicks. Irrespective of the genotype, the plasma glutathione reductase (GR) and peroxidase (GPx) activities and levels of hydroperoxides and α- and γ-tocopherols decreased rapidly post-hatch. In the muscles, lipid peroxidation also decreased rapidly after hatching as well as catalase, GR, and GPx activities, while the SOD activity increased. In the liver, the TAS was relatively stable the first week after hatching while the value of thio-barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and GR activity increased and GPx and catalase activities decreased. Our study revealed the strain specificities regarding the antioxidant systems used to maintain their redox balance over the life course. Nevertheless, the age had a much higher impact than strain on the antioxidant ability of the chickens.
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Nackiewicz J, Gąsowska-Bajger B, Kołodziej Ł, Poliwoda A, Pogoda-Mieszczak K, Skonieczna M. Comparison of the degradation mechanisms of diclofenac in the presence of iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine and myeloperoxidase. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122113. [PMID: 36401919 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The degradation process of diclofenac (DCF) by hematoprotein myeloperoxidase (MPO) and iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine (FePcOC) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was compared. During the oxidation of diclofenac, in the presence of iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine (FePcOC) and hydroxyl radicals (HO•) (from H2O2), an intermediate product (dimer with an m/z value of 587) with the characteristic yellow colouration and an intense band at λmax = 451 nm is formed. Iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine oxidises in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, following the first-order reaction kinetics for FePcOC and H2O2. The concentration of diclofenac does not affect the initial reaction rate. For comparison, the oxidation of DCF in the presence of myeloperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide also provided yellow-coloured solutions with an absorption maximum at λmax = 451 nm. However, LC-MS/MS analysis indicates the presence of at least seven main products of the diclofenac oxidation process in the final reaction mixture, including two dimers with the ion mass [M-H]¯ = 587.01. The mechanism of the diclofenac degradation with hematoprotein myeloperoxidase is more complex than with iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine. Furthermore, the biological activity of diclofenac and DCF dimer (iron octacarboxyphthalocyanine and hydroxyl radicals degradation product) was tested. In this case, the long-term assayed in vitro against E. coli, colorectal HCT116 and melanoma Me45 cancer cells were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nackiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, Opole 45-052, Poland.
| | | | - Łukasz Kołodziej
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Anna Poliwoda
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Kinga Pogoda-Mieszczak
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, Akademicka 16, Gliwice 44-100, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, Akademicka 16, Gliwice 44-100, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
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Antioxidant Activity of Crocodile Oil ( Crocodylus siamensis) on Cognitive Function in Rats. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040791. [PMID: 36832865 PMCID: PMC9956878 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Crocodile oil (CO) is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The antioxidant activity and cognitive effect of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been largely reported. This work aimed to investigate the effect of CO on antioxidant activity and cognitive function in rats. Twenty-one rats were divided into three treatment groups: (1) sterile water (NS), (2) 1 mL/kg of CO (NC1), and (3) 3 mL/kg of CO (NC3). Rats underwent oral gavage once daily for 8 weeks. CO treatment decreased the triglycerides level significantly compared with that in the NS group. CO had a free radical scavenging ability greater than that of olive oil but had no effect on levels of antioxidant markers in the brain. Expression of unique proteins in the CO-treatment group were correlated with the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. Rats in the NC1 group had better memory function than rats in the NC3 group. Expression of unique proteins in the NC1 group was correlated with memory function. However, CO did not cause a decline in cognitive function in rats. CO can be an alternative dietary oil because it has a hypolipidemia effect and antioxidant activity. In addition, CO did not cause a negative effect on cognitive function.
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Huang Q, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Xue Z, Hua Z, Luo X, Li Y, Lu C, Lu A, Liu Y. The endoplasmic reticulum participated in drug metabolic toxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 38:945-961. [PMID: 35040016 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Covalent binding of reactive metabolites formed by drug metabolic activation with biological macromolecules is considered to be an important mechanism of drug metabolic toxicity. Recent studies indicate that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could play an important role in drug toxicity by participating in the metabolic activation of drugs and could be a primarily attacked target by reactive metabolites. In this article, we summarize the generation and mechanism of reactive metabolites in ER stress and their associated cell death and inflammatory cascade, as well as the systematic modulation of unfolded protein response (UPR)-mediated adaptive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcai Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Youwen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhengjia Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zeyu Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhenglai Hua
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinyi Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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9
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Visscher MO, Carr AN, Narendran V. Epidermal Immunity and Function: Origin in Neonatal Skin. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:894496. [PMID: 35755808 PMCID: PMC9215705 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.894496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fascinating story of epidermal immunity begins in utero where the epidermal barrier derives from the ectoderm and evolves through carefully orchestrated biological processes, including periderm formation, keratinocyte differentiation, proliferation, cornification, and maturation, to generate a functional epidermis. Vernix caseosa derives from epidermal cells that mix with sebaceous lipids and coat the fetus during late gestation, likely to provide conditions for cornification. At birth, infants dramatically transition from aqueous conditions to a dry gaseous environment. The epidermal barrier begins to change within hours, exhibiting decreased hydration and low stratum corneum (SC) cohesion. The SC varied by gestational age (GA), transformed over the next 2–3 months, and differed considerably versus stable adult skin, as indicated by analysis of specific protein biomarkers. Regardless of gestational age, the increased infant SC proteins at 2–3 months after birth were involved in late differentiation, cornification, and filaggrin processing compared to adult skin. Additionally, the natural moisturizing factor (NMF), the product of filaggrin processing, was higher for infants than adults. This suggests that neonatal skin provides innate immunity and protection from environmental effects and promotes rapid, continued barrier development after birth. Functional genomic analysis showed abundant differences across biological processes for infant skin compared to adult skin. Gene expression for extracellular matrix, development, and fatty acid metabolism was higher for infant skin, while adult skin had increased expression of genes for the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis, antigen processing/presentation of immune function, and others. These findings provide descriptive information about infant epidermal immunity and its ability to support the newborn’s survival and growth, despite an environment laden with microbes, high oxygen tension, and irritants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty O Visscher
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Andrew N Carr
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vivek Narendran
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Annona muricata mitigates glycerol-induced nephrotoxicities in male albino rats through signaling pathways of angiotensin conversion enzyme, kidney injury molecule-1, and antioxidant properties. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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11
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Li G, Zhang S, Wang H, Liang L, Liu Z, Wang Y, Xu B, Zhao H. Differential Expression Characterisation of the Heat Shock Proteins DnaJB6, DnaJshv, DnaJB13, and DnaJB14 in Apis cerana cerana Under Various Stress Conditions. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.873791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As key pollinators, bees are frequently exposed to multiple environmental stresses and have developed crucial mechanisms by which they adapt to these stressors. However, the molecular bases mediated at the gene level remain to be discovered. Here, we found four heat shock protein DnaJB subfamily genes, DnaJB6, DnaJshv, DnaJB13, and DnaJB14, from Apis cerana cerana, that all have J domains in their protein sequences. The expression levels of DnaJB6 and DnaJshv were upregulated by different degrees of heat stress, and the transcript level of DnaJB14 was gradually upregulated as the degree of heat stress increased, while the mRNA level of DnaJB13 was downregulated at multiple time points during heat stress treatment. The mRNA levels of all four DnaJBs were upregulated by cold and UV stress. In addition, the expression levels of DnaJB6, DnaJshv and DnaJB13 were reduced under abamectin, imidacloprid, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, spirodiclofen, and methomyl stresses. The transcript level of DnaJB14 was decreased by imidacloprid, cypermethrin, spirodiclofen, and methomyl exposure but increased by abamectin and bifenthrin exposure. These results indicate that the demand of A. cerana cerana for these four DnaJBs differs under various stress conditions. To further explore the role of DnaJBs in the stress response, we successfully silenced DnaJshv and DnaJB14. The content of protein carbonyl was increased, while the content of VC, the enzymatic activities of CAT, GST, and SOD, the mRNA levels of many antioxidant-related genes, and the total antioxidant capacity were reduced after knockdown of DnaJshv and DnaJB14 in A. cerana cerana. These results indicate that silencing DnaJshv and DnaJB14 increases oxidative damage and decreases the antioxidant ability of A. cerana cerana. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DnaJB6, DnaJshv, DnaJB13, and DnaJB14 are differentially expressed under stress conditions and play crucial roles in response to various stressors, possibly through the antioxidant signalling pathway. These findings will be conducive to understanding the molecular basis of bee responses to environmental stresses and are beneficial for improving bee protection.
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Rathore S, Varshney A, Mohan S, Dahiya P. An innovative approach of bioremediation in enzymatic degradation of xenobiotics. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:1-32. [PMID: 35081881 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2027628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, environmental pollution due to a complex mixture of xenobiotics has become a serious concern. Several xenobiotic compounds cause environmental contamination due to their severe toxicity, prolonged exposure, and limited biodegradability. From the past few decades, microbial-assisted degradation (bioremediation) of xenobiotic pollutants has evolved as the most effective, eco-friendly, and valuable approach. Microorganisms have unique metabolism, the capability of genetic modification, diversity of enzymes, and various degradation pathways necessary for the bioremediation process. Microbial xenobiotic degradation is effective but a slow process that limits its application in bioremediation. However, the study of microbial enzymes for bioremediation is gaining global importance. Microbial enzymes have a huge ability to transform contaminants into non-toxic forms and thereby reduce environmental pollution. Recently, various advanced techniques, including metagenomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics are effectively utilized for the characterization, metabolic machinery, new proteins, metabolic genes of microorganisms involved in the degradation process. These advanced molecular techniques provide a thorough understanding of the structural and functional aspects of complex microorganisms. This review gives a brief note on xenobiotics and their impact on the environment. Particular attention will be devoted to the class of pollutants and the enzymes such as cytochrome P450, dehydrogenase, laccase, hydrolase, protease, lipase, etc. capable of converting these pollutants into innocuous products. This review attempts to deliver knowledge on the role of various enzymes in the biodegradation of xenobiotic pollutants, along with the use of advanced technologies like recombinant DNA technology and Omics approaches to make the process more robust and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayushi Varshney
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
| | - Sumedha Mohan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
| | - Praveen Dahiya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, India
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Nazarbek G, Kutzhanova A, Nurtay L, Mu C, Kazybay B, Li X, Ma C, Amin A, Xie Y. Nano-evolution and protein-based enzymatic evolution predicts novel types of natural product nanozymes of traditional Chinese medicine: cases of herbzymes of Taishan-Huangjing ( Rhizoma polygonati) and Goji ( Lycium chinense). NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6728-6738. [PMID: 36132653 PMCID: PMC9418865 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00475a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes and natural product-derived herbzymes have been identified in different types of enzymes simulating the natural protein-based enzyme function. How to explore and predict enzyme types of novel nanozymes when synthesized remains elusive. An informed analysis might be useful for the prediction. Here, we applied a protein-evolution analysis method to predict novel types of enzymes with experimental validation. First, reported nanozymes were analyzed by chemical classification and nano-evolution. We found that nanozymes are predominantly classified as protein-based EC1 oxidoreductase. In comparison, we analyzed the evolution of protein-based natural enzymes by a phylogenetic tree and the most conserved enzymes were found to be peroxidase and lyase. Therefore, the natural products of Rhizoma polygonati and Goji herbs were analyzed to explore and test the potent new types of natural nanozymes/herbzymes using the simplicity simulation of natural protein enzyme evolution as they contain these conserved enzyme types. The experimental validation showed that the natural products from the total extract of nanoscale traditional Chinese medicine Huangjing (RP, Rhizoma polygonati) from Mount-Tai (Taishan) exhibit fructose-bisphosphate aldolase of lyase while nanoscale Goji (Lycium chinense) extract exhibits peroxidase activities. Thus, the bioinformatics analysis would provide an additional tool for the virtual discovery of natural product nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guldan Nazarbek
- Biology Department, Nazarbayev University 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave 010000 Nur-Sultan Kazakhstan +7 7172694686
| | - Aidana Kutzhanova
- Biology Department, Nazarbayev University 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave 010000 Nur-Sultan Kazakhstan +7 7172694686
| | - Lazzat Nurtay
- Biology Department, Nazarbayev University 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave 010000 Nur-Sultan Kazakhstan +7 7172694686
| | - Chenglin Mu
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 China
| | - Bexultan Kazybay
- Biology Department, Nazarbayev University 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave 010000 Nur-Sultan Kazakhstan +7 7172694686
| | - Xugang Li
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 China
| | - Cuiping Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, UAE University Al Ain 15551 UAE
- The College, The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Yingqiu Xie
- Biology Department, Nazarbayev University 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave 010000 Nur-Sultan Kazakhstan +7 7172694686
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Tripathi A, Harris KD, Elias AL. High surface area nitrogen-functionalized Ni nanozymes for efficient peroxidase-like catalytic activity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257777. [PMID: 34637444 PMCID: PMC8509884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-functionalization is an effective means of improving the catalytic performances of nanozymes. In the present work, plasma-assisted nitrogen modification of nanocolumnar Ni GLAD films was performed using an ammonia plasma, resulting in an improvement in the peroxidase-like catalytic performance of the porous, nanostructured Ni films. The plasma-treated nanozymes were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, and XPS, revealing a nitrogen-rich surface composition. Increased surface wettability was observed after ammonia plasma treatment, and the resulting nitrogen-functionalized Ni GLAD films presented dramatically enhanced peroxidase-like catalytic activity. The optimal time for plasma treatment was determined to be 120 s; when used to catalyze the oxidation of the colorimetric substrate TMB in the presence of H2O2, Ni films subjected to 120 s of plasma treatment yielded a much higher maximum reaction velocity (3.7⊆10-8 M/s vs. 2.3⊆10-8 M/s) and lower Michaelis-Menten coefficient (0.17 mM vs. 0.23 mM) than pristine Ni films with the same morphology. Additionally, we demonstrate the application of the nanozyme in a gravity-driven, continuous catalytic reaction device. Such a controllable plasma treatment strategy may open a new door toward surface-functionalized nanozymes with improved catalytic performance and potential applications in flow-driven point-of-care devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Tripathi
- National Research Council Canada, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Edmonton, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kenneth D. Harris
- National Research Council Canada, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Edmonton, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Anastasia L. Elias
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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15
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Wu Y, Darland DC, Zhao JX. Nanozymes-Hitting the Biosensing "Target". SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5201. [PMID: 34372441 PMCID: PMC8348677 DOI: 10.3390/s21155201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanozymes are a class of artificial enzymes that have dimensions in the nanometer range and can be composed of simple metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, dots (both quantum and carbon), nanotubes, nanowires, or multiple metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). They exhibit excellent catalytic activities with low cost, high operational robustness, and a stable shelf-life. More importantly, they are amenable to modifications that can change their surface structures and increase the range of their applications. There are three main classes of nanozymes including the peroxidase-like, the oxidase-like, and the antioxidant nanozymes. Each of these classes catalyzes a specific group of reactions. With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, the variety of applications for nanozymes in diverse fields has expanded dramatically, with the most popular applications in biosensing. Nanozyme-based novel biosensors have been designed to detect ions, small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, and cancer cells. The current review focuses on the catalytic mechanism of nanozymes, their application in biosensing, and the identification of future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
| | - Diane C. Darland
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Julia Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
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Thangudu S, Su CH. Peroxidase Mimetic Nanozymes in Cancer Phototherapy: Progress and Perspectives. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1015. [PMID: 34356639 PMCID: PMC8301984 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterial-mediated cancer therapeutics is a fast developing field and has been utilized in potential clinical applications. However, most effective therapies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radio therapy (RT), are strongly oxygen-dependent, which hinders their practical applications. Later on, several strategies were developed to overcome tumor hypoxia, such as oxygen carrier nanomaterials and oxygen generated nanomaterials. Among these, oxygen species generation on nanozymes, especially catalase (CAT) mimetic nanozymes, convert endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to oxygen (O2) and peroxidase (POD) mimetic nanozymes converts endogenous H2O2 to water (H2O) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a hypoxic tumor microenvironment is a fascinating approach. The present review provides a detailed examination of past, present and future perspectives of POD mimetic nanozymes for effective oxygen-dependent cancer phototherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Thangudu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Arrasyid NK, Daulay M, Sari MI. Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Pro198Leu Variant in Tuberculosis-infected Type2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Pulmonary Polyclinic Medan. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) is an antioxidant that plays an important to the body protection system against oxidative stress. The GPx-1 polymorphism that has been identified in individual with several diseases.
AIM: This study aimed to observe the distribution of GPx-1 Pro198Leu variant in tuberculosis (TB)-infected Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients at pulmonary polyclinic Medan. GPx-1 Pro198Leu polymorphism was genotyped in 40 T2DM patients that also infected by TB.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of GPx-1 Pro198Leu polymorphism was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The PCR products were digested 4 h at 37°C with Apa1 restriction enzyme. The result of Apa1 enzyme digestion was visualized with 4% agarose.
RESULTS: From 40 TB-infected T2DM patients, the frequency of genotypes CC,CT, and TT were, respectively, 82.5%, 17.5%, and 0%. The frequency of C allele was higher than T allele, i.e. 91.3% and 8.7%.
CONCLUSION: It was concluded that in TB-infected T2DM patients at pulmonary polyclinic Medan, the GPx-1 Pro198Leu polymorphism has CC variant higher than CT, whereas the TT genotype was not found. The frequency of the C allele is higher than the T allele.
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Rap1a Regulates Cardiac Fibroblast Contraction of 3D Diabetic Collagen Matrices by Increased Activation of the AGE/RAGE Cascade. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061286. [PMID: 34067282 PMCID: PMC8224555 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a common diabetic complication that can arise when cardiac fibroblasts transition into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblast transition can be induced by advanced glycated end products (AGEs) present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) activating RAGE (receptor for advanced glycated end products) to elicit intracellular signaling. The levels of AGEs are higher under diabetic conditions due to the hyperglycemic conditions present in diabetics. AGE/RAGE signaling has been shown to alter protein expression and ROS production in cardiac fibroblasts, resulting in changes in cellular function, such as migration and contraction. Recently, a small GTPase, Rap1a, has been identified to overlap the AGE/RAGE signaling cascade and mediate changes in protein expression. While Rap1a has been shown to impact AGE/RAGE-induced protein expression, there are currently no data examining the impact Rap1a has on AGE/RAGE-induced cardiac fibroblast function. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of Rap1a on AGE/RAGE-mediated cardiac fibroblast contraction, as well as the influence isolated diabetic ECM has on facilitating these effects. In order to address this idea, genetically different cardiac fibroblasts were embedded in 3D collagen matrices consisting of collagen isolated from either non-diabetic of diabetic mice. Fibroblasts were treated with EPAC and/or exogenous AGEs, which was followed by assessment of matrix contraction, protein expression (α-SMA, SOD-1, and SOD-2), and hydrogen peroxide production. The results showed Rap1a overlaps the AGE/RAGE cascade to increase the myofibroblast population and generation of ROS production. The increase in myofibroblasts and oxidative stress appeared to contribute to increased matrix contraction, which was further exacerbated by diabetic conditions. Based off these results, we determined that Rap1a was essential in mediating the response of cardiac fibroblasts to AGEs within diabetic collagen.
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Miranda FR, Fernandes KM, Bernardes RC, Martins GF. Biological, histological and immunohistochemical studies on the toxicity of spent coffee grounds and caffeine on the larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116307. [PMID: 33360348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is a primary vector for major arboviruses, and its control is mainly based on the use of insecticides. Caffeine and spent coffee grounds (CG) are potential agents in controlling Ae. aegypti by reducing survival and blocking larval development. In this study, we analyzed the effects of treatment with common CG (CCG: with caffeine), decaffeinated CG (DCG: with low caffeine), and pure caffeine on the survival, behavior, and morphology of the midgut of Ae. aegypti under laboratory conditions. Third instar larvae (L3) were exposed to different concentrations of CCG, DCG, and caffeine. All compounds significantly affected larval survival, and sublethal concentrations reduced larval locomotor activity, delayed development, and reduced adult life span. Damage to the midgut of treated larvae included changes in epithelial morphology, increased number of peroxidase-positive cells (more abundant in DCG-treated larvae), and caspase 3-positive cells (more abundant in CCG-treated larvae), suggesting that the treatments triggered cell damage, leading to activation of cell death. In addition, the treatments reduced the FMRFamide-positive enteroendocrine cells and dividing cells compared to the control. CG and caffeine have larvicidal effects on Ae. aegypti that warrant field testing for their potential to control mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciane Rosa Miranda
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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20
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21
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Tonoyan L, Montagner D, Friel R, O'Flaherty V. Antimicrobials offered from nature: Peroxidase-catalyzed systems and their mimics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114281. [PMID: 33075313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The control of antimicrobial resistance requires the development of novel antimicrobial alternatives and naturally occurring peroxidase-catalyzed systems may be of great value in this era of emerging antimicrobial resistance. In the peroxidase system, a peroxidase enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of a halide/pseudohalide, at the expense of hydrogen peroxide, to generate reactive products with broad antimicrobial properties. The appropriate use of peroxidase systems needs a better understanding of the identities and properties of the generated antimicrobial oxidants, specific targets in bacterial cells, their mode of action and the factors favoring or limiting their activity. Here, the ABCs (antibacterial activity, bacterial "backtalk" and cytotoxicity) of these systems and their mimics are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the concomitant use of thiocyanate and iodide dual substrates in peroxidase/peroxidase-free systems with implications on their antimicrobial activity. This review also provides a summary of actual applications of peroxidase systems as bio-preservatives in oral healthcare, milk industry, food/feed specialties and related products, mastitis and wound treatment; lastly, this review points to opportunities for further research and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Tonoyan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Diego Montagner
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Ruairi Friel
- Westway Health, Unit 120, Business Innovation Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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22
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Lee CWZ, Mubarak MQE, Green AP, de Visser SP. How Does Replacement of the Axial Histidine Ligand in Cytochrome c Peroxidase by N δ-Methyl Histidine Affect Its Properties and Functions? A Computational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197133. [PMID: 32992593 PMCID: PMC7583937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme peroxidases have important functions in nature related to the detoxification of H2O2. They generally undergo a catalytic cycle where, in the first stage, the iron(III)-heme-H2O2 complex is converted into an iron(IV)-oxo-heme cation radical species called Compound I. Cytochrome c peroxidase Compound I has a unique electronic configuration among heme enzymes where a metal-based biradical is coupled to a protein radical on a nearby Trp residue. Recent work using the engineered Nδ-methyl histidine-ligated cytochrome c peroxidase highlighted changes in spectroscopic and catalytic properties upon axial ligand substitution. To understand the axial ligand effect on structure and reactivity of peroxidases and their axially Nδ-methyl histidine engineered forms, we did a computational study. We created active site cluster models of various sizes as mimics of horseradish peroxidase and cytochrome c peroxidase Compound I. Subsequently, we performed density functional theory studies on the structure and reactivity of these complexes with a model substrate (styrene). Thus, the work shows that the Nδ-methyl histidine group has little effect on the electronic configuration and structure of Compound I and little changes in bond lengths and the same orbital occupation is obtained. However, the Nδ-methyl histidine modification impacts electron transfer processes due to a change in the reduction potential and thereby influences reactivity patterns for oxygen atom transfer. As such, the substitution of the axial histidine by Nδ-methyl histidine in peroxidases slows down oxygen atom transfer to substrates and makes Compound I a weaker oxidant. These studies are in line with experimental work on Nδ-methyl histidine-ligated cytochrome c peroxidases and highlight how the hydrogen bonding network in the second coordination sphere has a major impact on the function and properties of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin W. Z. Lee
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; (C.W.Z.L.); (M.Q.E.M.); (A.P.G.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - M. Qadri E. Mubarak
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; (C.W.Z.L.); (M.Q.E.M.); (A.P.G.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Anthony P. Green
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; (C.W.Z.L.); (M.Q.E.M.); (A.P.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; (C.W.Z.L.); (M.Q.E.M.); (A.P.G.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-161-306-4882
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Legerská B, Chmelová D, Ondrejovič M, Miertuš S. The TLC-Bioautography as a Tool for Rapid Enzyme Inhibitors detection - A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:275-293. [PMID: 32744081 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1797467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms and plants can be important sources of many compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications. Extraction of these matrices is one of the ways of identifying the presence of inhibitory active substances against enzymes whose high activity leads to serious human diseases including cancer, Parkinson's or Crohn's diseases. The isolation and purification of inhibitors are time-consuming and expensive steps in the analysis of the crude extract and therefore, it is necessary to find a fast, efficient, and inexpensive method for screening extracts of interest. TLC-Bioautography combines the separation of the extract on a thin layer with its subsequent biological analysis. TLC-Bioautography methods have been developed for several classes of enzymes including oxidoreductases, hydrolases and isomerases, and there is a potential for developing functional methods for other classes of enzymes. This review summarizes known TLC-Bioautography methods and their applications for determining the presence of enzyme inhibitors in extracts and compares the effectiveness of different methodological approaches. It also indicates the current state and perspective of the development of TLC-Bioautography and its possible future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Legerská
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Chmelová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Ondrejovič
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Miertuš
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia.,ICARST n.o., Bratislava, Slovakia
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Darwish RS, Shawky E, Hammoda HM, Harraz FM. A new thin-layer chromatography–direct bioautography assay for the qualitative and quantitative determination of peroxidase inhibitors in plant extracts. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-019-00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Biswas P, Mukhopadhyay A, Kabir SN, Mukhopadhyay PK. High-Protein Diet Ameliorates Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Antagonizes Uterine Apoptosis in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 192:222-233. [PMID: 30723882 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-1657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity purportedly threats a broad spectrum of female reproductive functions. We investigated the remedial role of a casein- and pea protein-enriched high-protein diet (HPD) in combating the arsenic insult. Cyclic female rats maintained on standard diet (n = 6) or an isocaloric HPD (n = 6) were gavaged with As2O3 at 3 mg/kg BW/rat/day (n = 12) for 28 days. Vehicle-fed rats (n = 6) maintained on the standard diet served as the control. We monitored the estrus cycles and performed the histomorphometric analyses of the uterus and ovary. Uterine luminal epithelial (ULE) ultrastructure was appraised by scanning electron microscopy. Uterine oxidative stress was evaluated in the forms of ROS generation and activities of the ROS scavengers. The uterine apoptotic manifestation was blueprinted by Western blot analysis of caspase-3 and Bax expression. Arsenic treatment arrested the follicular maturation and disrupted the estrus cycles with a typical increase in the diestrus index. Shrunken endometrial glands and thinned microvilli density of the ULE reflected loss of cell polarity and mislaid uterine homeostasis. Increased ROS generation and attenuated activities of the ROS scavengers marked a state of uterine oxidative imbalance and loss of redox regulation. Superfluous expression of procaspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax mirrored an inflated state of uterine apoptosis. HPD supplementation, by and large, counteracted these arsenic impacts and maintained the frameworks close to the control levels. In conclusion, arsenic mediates its reproductive toxicity, at least in part, by upsetting the uterine ROS homeostasis and redox regulation. Pea proteins and casein-supplemented HPD can counteract the arsenic effects and maintain the reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerona Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Aparna Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Syed Nazrul Kabir
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Godlewska M, Banga PJ. Thyroid peroxidase as a dual active site enzyme: Focus on biosynthesis, hormonogenesis and thyroid disorders of autoimmunity and cancer. Biochimie 2019; 160:34-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Khan AA, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH. Myeloperoxidase as an Active Disease Biomarker: Recent Biochemical and Pathological Perspectives. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6020033. [PMID: 29669993 PMCID: PMC6024665 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) belongs to the family of heme-containing peroxidases, produced mostly from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The active enzyme (150 kDa) is the product of the MPO gene located on long arm of chromosome 17. The primary gene product undergoes several modifications, such as the removal of introns and signal peptides, and leads to the formation of enzymatically inactive glycosylated apoproMPO which complexes with chaperons, producing inactive proMPO by the insertion of a heme moiety. The active enzyme is a homodimer of heavy and light chain protomers. This enzyme is released into the extracellular fluid after oxidative stress and different inflammatory responses. Myeloperoxidase is the only type of peroxidase that uses H₂O₂ to oxidize several halides and pseudohalides to form different hypohalous acids. So, the antibacterial activities of MPO involve the production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Controlled MPO release at the site of infection is of prime importance for its efficient activities. Any uncontrolled degranulation exaggerates the inflammation and can also lead to tissue damage even in absence of inflammation. Several types of tissue injuries and the pathogenesis of several other major chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, and cancer have been reported to be linked with MPO-derived oxidants. Thus, the enhanced level of MPO activity is one of the best diagnostic tools of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers among these commonly-occurring diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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Roh HT, So WY. The effects of aerobic exercise training on oxidant-antioxidant balance, neurotrophic factor levels, and blood-brain barrier function in obese and non-obese men. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2017; 6:447-453. [PMID: 30356625 PMCID: PMC6189263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity and aerobic exercise training on oxidant-antioxidant balance, neurotrophic factor levels, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. METHODS Ten non-obese healthy men (body mass index < 25 kg/m2) and 10 obese men (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) were included in the study. Both groups performed treadmill exercise for 40 min 3 times weekly for 8 weeks at 70% heart rate reserve. Blood samples were collected to examine oxidant-antioxidant balance (reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels), neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor levels), and BBB function (S100β and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels) before and after exercise training. RESULTS The obese group showed significantly greater changes than the non-obese group in serum ROS (-0.46 ± 0.31 mmol/L vs. -0.10 ± 0.17 mmol/L, p = 0.005), serum S100β levels (-8.50 ± 5.92 ng/L vs. -0.78 ± 5.45 ng/L, p = 0.007), and serum NSE levels (-0.89 ± 0.54 µg/L vs. -0.01 ± 0.74 µg/L, p = 0.007) after training. At baseline, the obese group showed significantly higher serum ROS and S100β levels and significantly lower serum SOD activity and BDNF levels than the non-obese group (p < 0.05). The obese group showed significantly lower serum ROS, S100β, and NSE levels and significantly higher serum SOD activity and BDNF levels after training compared with baseline (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that obesity can reduce serum neurotrophic factor levels and can induce BBB dysfunction. On the other hand, aerobic exercise can improve an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in obese subjects and limit BBB dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Tae Roh
- Department of Physical Education, College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Wi-Young So
- Sports and Health Care Major, College of Humanities and Arts, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 380-702, Republic of Korea
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Marcos-López M, Espinosa Ruiz C, Rodger HD, O'Connor I, MacCarthy E, Esteban MÁ. Local and systemic humoral immune response in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) under a natural amoebic gill disease outbreak. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:207-216. [PMID: 28501445 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Amoebic gill disease (AGD), caused by the protozoan parasite Neoparamoeba perurans, is one of the most significant infectious diseases for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) mariculture. The present study investigated the humoral immune response (both local in gill mucus and systemic in serum) of farmed Atlantic salmon naturally infected with N. perurans in commercial sea pens, at two different stages of the disease and after freshwater treatment. Parameters analysed included activity of immune related enzymes (i.e. lysozyme, peroxidase, protease, anti-protease, esterase, alkaline phosphatase), IgM levels, and the terminal carbohydrate profile in the gill mucus. Overall, greater variations between groups were noted in the immune parameters determined in gill mucus than the equivalent in the serum. In gill mucus, IgM levels and peroxidase, lysozyme, esterase and protease activities were decreased in fish showing longer exposure time to the infection and higher disease severity, then showed a sequential increase after treatment. Results obtained highlight the capacity of gills to elicit a local response to the infection, indicate an impaired immune response at the later stages of the disease, and show partial reestablishment of the host immune status after freshwater treatment. In addition to providing data on the humoral response to AGD, this study increases knowledge on gill mucosal humoral immunity, since some of the parameters were analysed for the first time in gill mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Marcos-López
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland; FishVet Group Ireland, Unit 7b Oranmore Business Park, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland.
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Hamish D Rodger
- FishVet Group Ireland, Unit 7b Oranmore Business Park, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Ian O'Connor
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Eugene MacCarthy
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Santos C, Pires MDA, Santos D, Payan-Carreira R. Distribution of superoxide dismutase 1 and glutathione peroxidase 1 in the cyclic canine endometrium. Theriogenology 2016; 86:738-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Insight into the molecular basis of Schistosoma haematobium-induced bladder cancer through urine proteomics. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11279-87. [PMID: 26951512 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection due to Schistosoma haematobium is carcinogenic. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS)-induced carcinogenesis have not been well defined. Conceptually, early molecular detection of this phenomenon, through non-invasive procedures, seems feasible and is desirable. Previous analysis of urine collected during UGS suggests that estrogen metabolites, including depurinating adducts, may be useful for this purpose. Here, a new direction was pursued: the identification of molecular pathways and potential biomarkers in S. haematobium-induced bladder cancer by analyzing the proteome profiling of urine samples from UGS patients. GeLC-MS/MS followed by protein-protein interaction analysis indicated oxidative stress and immune defense systems responsible for microbicide activity are the most representative clusters in UGS patients. Proteins involved in immunity, negative regulation of endopeptidase activity, and inflammation were more prevalent in UGS patients with bladder cancer, whereas proteins with roles in renal system process, sensory perception, and gas and oxygen transport were more abundant in subjects with urothelial carcinoma not associated with UGS. These findings highlighted a Th2-type immune response induced by S. haematobium, which seems to be further modulated by tumorigenesis, resulting in high-grade bladder cancer characterized by an inflammatory response and complement activation alternative pathway. These findings established a starting point for the development of multimarker strategies for the early detection of UGS-induced bladder cancer.
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Garg B, Bisht T, Ling YC. Graphene-Based Nanomaterials as Efficient Peroxidase Mimetic Catalysts for Biosensing Applications: An Overview. Molecules 2015; 20:14155-90. [PMID: 26248071 PMCID: PMC6332241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
"Artificial enzymes", a term coined by Breslow for enzyme mimics is an exciting and promising branch of biomimetic chemistry aiming to imitate the general and essential principles of natural enzymes using a variety of alternative materials including heterogeneous catalysts. Peroxidase enzymes represent a large family of oxidoreductases that typically catalyze biological reactions with high substrate affinity and specificity under relatively mild conditions and thus offer a wide range of practical applications in many areas of science. The increasing understanding of general principles as well as intrinsic drawbacks such as low operational stability, high cost, difficulty in purification and storage, and sensitivity of catalytic activity towards atmospheric conditions of peroxidases has triggered a dynamic field in nanotechnology, biochemical, and material science that aims at joining the better of three worlds by combining the concept adapted from nature with the processability of catalytically active graphene-based nanomaterials (G-NMs) as excellent peroxidase mimetic catalysts. This comprehensive review discusses an up-to-date synthesis, kinetics, mechanisms, and biosensing applications of a variety of G-NMs that have been explored as promising catalysts to mimic natural peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Garg
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Tanuja Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College, Champawat 262523, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Yong-Chien Ling
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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