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Tokunaga W, Nagano N, Matsuda K, Nakazaki K, Shimizu S, Okuda K, Aoki R, Fuwa K, Murakami H, Morioka I. Efficacy of Human Recombinant Growth Hormone in Females of a Non-Obese Hyperglycemic Mouse Model after Birth with Low Birth Weight. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6294. [PMID: 38928001 PMCID: PMC11203808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined whether the administration of growth hormone (GH) improves insulin resistance in females of a non-obese hyperglycemic mouse model after birth with low birth weight (LBW), given that GH is known to increase muscle mass. The intrauterine Ischemia group underwent uterine artery occlusion for 15 min on day 16.5 of gestation. At 4 weeks of age, female mice in the Ischemia group were divided into the GH-treated (Ischemia-GH) and non-GH-treated (Ischemia) groups. At 8 weeks of age, the glucose metabolism, muscle pathology, and metabolome of liver were assessed. The insulin resistance index improved in the Ischemia-GH group compared with the Ischemia group (p = 0.034). The percentage of type 1 muscle fibers was higher in the Ischemia-GH group than the Ischemia group (p < 0.001); the muscle fiber type was altered by GH. In the liver, oxidative stress factors were reduced, and ATP production was increased in the Ischemia-GH group compared to the Ischemia group (p = 0.014), indicating the improved mitochondrial function of liver. GH administration is effective in improving insulin resistance by increasing the content of type 1 muscle fibers and improving mitochondrial function of liver in our non-obese hyperglycemic mouse model after birth with LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Tokunaga
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (W.T.); (K.M.); (K.N.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Nobuhiko Nagano
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (W.T.); (K.M.); (K.N.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Kengo Matsuda
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (W.T.); (K.M.); (K.N.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Kimitaka Nakazaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (W.T.); (K.M.); (K.N.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Shoichi Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (W.T.); (K.M.); (K.N.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Koh Okuda
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (W.T.); (K.M.); (K.N.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Ryoji Aoki
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (W.T.); (K.M.); (K.N.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Kazumasa Fuwa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (W.T.); (K.M.); (K.N.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | | | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (W.T.); (K.M.); (K.N.); (S.S.); (K.O.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
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Matsuda K, Nagano N, Nakazaki K, Katayama D, Tokunaga W, Okuda K, Shimizu S, Aoki R, Fuwa K, Shirai K, Fujioka K, Morioka I. Amelioration of Insulin Resistance by Whey Protein in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Pediatric Obesity Male Mouse Model. Nutrients 2024; 16:1622. [PMID: 38892554 PMCID: PMC11174045 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined whey protein's impact on insulin resistance in a high-fat diet-induced pediatric obesity mouse model. Pregnant mice were fed high-fat diets, and male pups continued this diet until 8 weeks old, then were split into high-fat, whey, and casein diet groups. At 12 weeks old, their body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood insulin level (IRI), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), liver lipid metabolism gene expression, and liver metabolites were compared. The whey group showed significantly lower body weight than the casein group at 12 weeks old (p = 0.034). FBG was lower in the whey group compared to the high-fat diet group (p < 0.01) and casein group (p = 0.058); IRI and HOMA-IR were reduced in the whey group compared to the casein group (p = 0.02, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). The levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and hormone-sensitive lipase were upregulated in the whey group compared to the casein group (p < 0.01, p = 0.03). Metabolomic analysis revealed that the levels of taurine and glycine, both known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, were upregulated in the whey group in the liver tissue (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). The intake of whey protein was found to improve insulin resistance in a high-fat diet-induced pediatric obesity mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Matsuda
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (K.M.); (K.N.); (D.K.); (W.T.); (K.O.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Nobuhiko Nagano
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (K.M.); (K.N.); (D.K.); (W.T.); (K.O.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Kimitaka Nakazaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (K.M.); (K.N.); (D.K.); (W.T.); (K.O.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Daichi Katayama
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (K.M.); (K.N.); (D.K.); (W.T.); (K.O.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Wataru Tokunaga
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (K.M.); (K.N.); (D.K.); (W.T.); (K.O.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Koh Okuda
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (K.M.); (K.N.); (D.K.); (W.T.); (K.O.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Shoichi Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (K.M.); (K.N.); (D.K.); (W.T.); (K.O.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Ryoji Aoki
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (K.M.); (K.N.); (D.K.); (W.T.); (K.O.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Kazumasa Fuwa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (K.M.); (K.N.); (D.K.); (W.T.); (K.O.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
| | - Keisuke Shirai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (K.S.); (K.F.)
| | - Kazumichi Fujioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (K.S.); (K.F.)
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; (K.M.); (K.N.); (D.K.); (W.T.); (K.O.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (K.F.); (I.M.)
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Uehara Y, Komatsu T, Sasaki K, Abe S, Nakashima S, Yamamoto T, Kim JE, Cho KH. Cuban policosanol improves high-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity in healthy Japanese subjects. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1297008. [PMID: 38260075 PMCID: PMC10800607 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1297008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Policosanol supplementation has been reported to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C). However, the association between Cuban policosanol supplementation and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), an important function of HDL, remains unclear. We performed a lipoprotein analysis investigating 32 Japanese healthy participants (placebo, n = 17 or policosanol supplementation for 12 weeks, n = 15) from a randomized Cuban policosanol clinical trial. First, HDL CEC and HDL-related factors were measured before and after policosanol supplementation. Then, through electron microscopy after ultracentrifugation and high-performance liquid chromatography, HDL morphology and subclass were analyzed, respectively. Finally, the effects of policosanol supplementation regarding HDL function, HDL-related factors, and HDL morphology/component were examined. Cuban policosanol considerably increased the HDL CEC and HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) levels. Furthermore, policosanol supplementation led to larger HDL particles, increased cholesterol content in larger HDL particles, and reduced triglyceride content in smaller HDL particles. In participants with high baseline HDL-C levels, the policosanol effects for HDL CEC are observed. HDL CEC fluctuation induced by policosanol was highly associated with HDL-C and ApoA-I changes. In conclusion, for the first time, we demonstrated that policosanol supplementation increased the HDL CEC in healthy participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Uehara
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Research Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Preventive, Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Komatsu
- Research Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Preventive, Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Sasaki
- Center for Preventive, Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satomi Abe
- Research Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shihoko Nakashima
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamamoto
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Cho
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- LipoLab, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Zhu J, Zhang L, Xue Z, Li Z, Wang C, Chen F, Li Y, Dai Y, Zhou Y, Zhou S, Chen X, Okumura-Noji K, Lu R, Yokoyama S, Su C. Vaccination against the HDL receptor of S. japonicum inhibits egg embryonation and prevents fatal hepatic complication in rabbit model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011749. [PMID: 38019787 PMCID: PMC10686426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical infectious diseases to overcome and the primary cause of its pathogenesis is ectopic maturation of the parasite eggs. Uptake of cholesteryl ester from the host high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a key in this process in Schistosoma japonicum and CD36-related protein (CD36RP) has been identified as the receptor for this reaction. Antibody against the extracellular domain of CD36RP (Ex160) efficiently blocked the HDL cholesteryl ester uptake and the egg embryonation in vitro. However, whether Ex160 immunization could efficiently raise proper antibody responses to sufficiently block HDL cholesteryl ester uptake and the egg embryonation to protect host in vivo is very interesting but unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, rabbits were immunized with the recombinant Ex160 peptide (rEx160) to evaluate its anti-pathogenic vaccine potential. Immunization with rEx160 induced consistent anti-Ex160 IgG antibody and significant reduction in development of the liver granulomatosis lesions associated with suppressed intrahepatic maturation of the schistosome eggs. The immunization with rEx160 rescued reduction of serum HDL by the infection without changing its size distribution, being consistent with interference of the HDL lipid uptake by the parasites or their eggs by antibody against Ex160 in in vitro culture. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results demonstrated that vaccination strategy against nutritional supply pathway of the parasite is effective for reducing its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Zhu
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zechao Xue
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zilüe Li
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyan Chen
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalin Li
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Zhou
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Rui Lu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Chuan Su
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Sato A, Tsukiyama T, Komeno M, Iwatani C, Tsuchiya H, Kawamoto I, Murase M, Nakagawa T, Itagaki I, Seita Y, Matsumoto S, Nakaya M, Shimizu A, Yamada A, Ema M, Ogita H. Generation of a familial hypercholesterolemia model in non-human primate. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15649. [PMID: 37730951 PMCID: PMC10511719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder that is associated with a high plasma level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. To develop basic and translational research on FH, we here generated an FH model in a non-human primate (cynomolgus monkeys) by deleting the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene using the genome editing technique. Six LDLR knockout (KO) monkeys were produced, all of which were confirmed to have mutations in the LDLR gene by sequence analysis. The levels of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride were quite high in the monkeys, and were similar to those in FH patients with homozygous mutations in the LDLR gene. In addition, periocular xanthoma was observed only 1 year after birth. Lipoprotein profile analysis showed that the plasma very low-density lipoprotein and LDL were elevated, while the plasma high density lipoprotein was decreased in LDLR KO monkeys. The LDLR KO monkeys were also strongly resistant to medications for hypercholesterolemia. Taken together, we successfully generated a non-human primate model of hypercholesterolemia in which the phenotype is similar to that of homozygous FH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sato
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-Cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsukiyama
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Komeno
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-Cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Chizuru Iwatani
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawamoto
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Murase
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakagawa
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Iori Itagaki
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yasunari Seita
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shoma Matsumoto
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakaya
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-Cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-Cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
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Ikezaki H, Furusyo N, Ai M, Okazaki M, Kohzuma T, Hayashi J, Shimono N, Schaefer EJ. Relationship between the cholesterol and triglyceride content of lipoprotein subclasses and carotid intima-media thickness: A cross-sectional population-based study. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117521. [PMID: 37597644 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between lipoprotein subclasses and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) progression has yet to be fully evaluated. We assessed which lipoprotein subclasses were associated with maximum cIMT levels in the general population. METHODS In this study, cholesterol and triglyceride content of 20 lipoprotein subclasses were analyzed using gel permeation high-performance liquid chromatography (GP-HPLC) in 864 Japanese women and men (mean age 57 y, free of chronic liver or kidney diseases and off lipid-lowering, hormone replacement, or adrenocorticosteroid medications). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses and univariate and partial correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationships between lipoprotein subclasses and maximum cIMT levels. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and anti-hypertensive agents, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-2 and -3 cholesterol (particle diameter 25.5 nm and 23.0 nm, respectively; medium and small LDL) were associated with higher maximum cIMT levels in both women and men (all p for trend < 0.05). These associations were significant even after participants taking anti-diabetic or anti-hypertensive agents were excluded. No significant associations were found between any triglyceride subclasses and maximum cIMT levels. CONCLUSIONS Smaller LDL particle cholesterol values are the most atherogenic lipoprotein parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of Comprehensive General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan; Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Norihiro Furusyo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masumi Ai
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Okazaki
- Professor emeritus of Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Kohzuma
- Diagnostics Department, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Hayashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimono
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ernst J Schaefer
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Nakazaki K, Nagano N, Katayama D, Shimizu S, Matsuda K, Tokunaga W, Aoki R, Fuwa K, Morioka I. Body Fat-Reducing Effects of Whey Protein Diet in Male Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102263. [PMID: 37242144 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanism of reducing body fat via whey protein diet. Pregnant mice were fed whey or casein, and their offspring were fed by birth mothers. After weaning at 4 weeks, male pups received the diets administered to their birth mothers (n = 6 per group). At 12 weeks of age, body weight, fat mass, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin (IRI), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cholesterol (Cho), triglyceride (TG), the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes in liver tissues and metabolomic data of fat tissues were measured and compared between the groups. The birth weights of pups born were similar in the two groups. Compared to the pups in the casein group, at 12 weeks of age, pups in the whey group weighed less, had significantly lower fat mass, HOMA-IR and TG levels (p < 0.01, p = 0.02, p = 0.01, respectively), and significantly higher levels of the antioxidant glutathione and the anti-inflammatory 1-methylnicotinamide in fat tissues (p < 0.01, p = 0.04, respectively). No differences were observed in FBG, IRI, Cho levels (p = 0.75, p = 0.07, p = 0.63, respectively) and expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes. Whey protein has more antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties than casein protein, which may be its mechanism for reducing body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimitaka Nakazaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nagano
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Daichi Katayama
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shoichi Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kengo Matsuda
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Wataru Tokunaga
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ryoji Aoki
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Fuwa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Yamashita S, Rizzo M, Su TC, Masuda D. Novel Selective PPARα Modulator Pemafibrate for Dyslipidemia, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), and Atherosclerosis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050626. [PMID: 37233667 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins, the intestinal cholesterol transporter inhibitor (ezetimibe), and PCSK9 inhibitors can reduce serum LDL-C levels, leading to a significant reduction in cardiovascular events. However, these events cannot be fully prevented even when maintaining very low LDL-C levels. Hypertriglyceridemia and reduced HDL-C are known as residual risk factors for ASCVD. Hypertriglyceridemia and/or low HDL-C can be treated with fibrates, nicotinic acids, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fibrates were demonstrated to be PPARα agonists and can markedly lower serum TG levels, yet were reported to cause some adverse effects, including an increase in the liver enzyme and creatinine levels. Recent megatrials of fibrates have shown negative findings on the prevention of ASCVD, which were supposed to be due to their low selectivity and potency for binding to PPAR α. To overcome the off-target effects of fibrates, the concept of a selective PPARα modulator (SPPARMα) was proposed. Kowa Company, Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), has developed pemafibrate (K-877). Compared with fenofibrate, pemafibrate showed more favorable effects on the reduction of TG and an increase in HDL-C. Fibrates worsened liver and kidney function test values, although pemafibrate showed a favorable effect on liver function test values and little effect on serum creatinine levels and eGFR. Minimal drug-drug interactions of pemafibrate with statins were observed. While most of the fibrates are mainly excreted from the kidney, pemafibrate is metabolized in the liver and excreted into the bile. It can be used safely even in patients with CKD, without a significant increase in blood concentration. In the megatrial of pemafibrate, PROMINENT, for dyslipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes, mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C and LDL-C levels, the incidence of cardiovascular events did not decrease among those receiving pemafibrate compared to those receiving the placebo; however, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was lower. Pemafibrate may be superior to conventional fibrates and applicable to CKD patients. This current review summarizes the recent findings on pemafibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuya Yamashita
- Department of Cardiology, Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano 598-8577, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Promise Department, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10017, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiology, Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano 598-8577, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Otsuji S, Nishio Y, Tsujita M, Rio M, Huber C, Antón-Plágaro C, Mizuno S, Kawano Y, Miyatake S, Simon M, van Binsbergen E, van Jaarsveld RH, Matsumoto N, Cormier-Daire V, J Cullen P, Saitoh S, Kato K. Clinical diversity and molecular mechanism of VPS35L-associated Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome. J Med Genet 2023; 60:359-367. [PMID: 36113987 PMCID: PMC10086474 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Retriever subunit VPS35L is the third responsible gene for Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome (RSS) after WASHC5 and CCDC22. To date, only one pair of siblings have been reported and their condition was significantly more severe than typical RSS. This study aimed to understand the clinical spectrum and underlying molecular mechanism in VPS35L-associated RSS. METHODS We report three new patients with biallelic VPS35L variants. Biochemical and cellular analyses were performed to elucidate disease aetiology. RESULTS In addition to typical features of RSS, we confirmed hypercholesterolaemia, hypogammaglobulinaemia and intestinal lymphangiectasia as novel complications of VPS35L-associated RSS. The latter two complications as well as proteinuria have not been reported in patients with CCDC22 and WASHC5 variants. One patient showed a severe phenotype and the other two were milder. Cells established from patients with the milder phenotypes showed relatively higher VPS35L protein expression. Cellular analysis found VPS35L ablation decreased the cell surface level of lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor, resulting in reduced low-density lipoprotein cellular uptake. CONCLUSION VPS35L-associated RSS is a distinct clinical entity with diverse phenotype and severity, with a possible molecular mechanism of hypercholesterolaemia. These findings provide new insight into the essential and distinctive role of Retriever in human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiomi Otsuji
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nishio
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maki Tsujita
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Marlene Rio
- Université Paris Cité, Génétique clinique, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Céline Huber
- Université Paris Cité, Génétique clinique, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Carlos Antón-Plágaro
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kawano
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyota Memorial Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Marleen Simon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Binsbergen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Université Paris Cité, Génétique clinique, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohji Kato
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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10
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Beaufrère H, Wood D. Comparison of Lipoprotein Analysis Using Gel-Permeation High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and a Biochemistry Analyzer in Normolipidemic and Dyslipidemic Quaker Parrots ( Myiopsitta monachus). J Avian Med Surg 2023; 36:345-355. [PMID: 36935205 DOI: 10.1647/21-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation disorders are common in psittacine birds and can be associated with changes in plasma lipoproteins, most notably low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). However, lipoprotein analysis by standard laboratory analyzers or an indirect method, such as the Friedewald formula, has not been validated in parrots. A research colony of 12 Quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus) were used to compare plasma values from the Roche Cobas c501 biochemistry analyzer for total cholesterol, total triglycerides, LDL, and HDL to gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography (GP-HPLC). To increase sample size and broaden the analytical range to include dyslipidemic samples, 2 cross-over studies were performed on a 0.3% cholesterol diet and a 20% fat diet. Agreement between methods was assessed by linear mixed models and Bland and Altman plots. The LDL concentrations calculated by the Friedewald formula and alternative formulas, and the effects of triglycerides on the biases, were also evaluated. Forty-five plasma samples were used. The cholesterol diet induced a marked increase in cholesterol and all lipoproteins, whereas the fat diet did not lead to dyslipidemia. Direct and indirect LDL measurements obtained with the clinical analyzer were not in clinical agreement with GP-HPLC, whereas HDL had acceptable agreement for normotriglyceridemic samples. Hypertriglyceridemic plasma samples were found to interfere with lipoprotein measurements. This study found LDL measured by the Roche Cobas c501 biochemistry analyzer and indirect estimations cannot be recommended in the Quaker parrot, and non-HDL cholesterol should be used instead. Lipoprotein panels obtained from hypertriglyceridemic samples should be interpreted with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA,
| | - Darren Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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11
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Barboza TK, Susta L, zur Linden A, Gardhouse S, Beaufrère H. Association of plasma metabolites and diagnostic imaging findings with hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and effects of gemfibrozil therapy. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0274060. [PMID: 36735707 PMCID: PMC9897564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between plasma metabolites, biochemical analytes, diagnostic imaging findings, and the histologic diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons. To assess the effects of gemfibrozil therapy on hepatic lipid accumulation and associated diagnostic tests. ANIMALS Fourteen bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) with varying severity of hepatic lipid accumulation (with and without hepatic lipidosis) were included. PROCEDURES Animals underwent coelomic ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scans, and coelioscopic hepatic biopsies. Clinical pathology tests included lipidologic tests, hepatic biomarkers, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Animals were medicated with gemfibrozil 6mg/kg orally once a day for 2 months in a randomized blinded clinical trial prior to repeating previous diagnostic testing. RESULTS Hounsfield units on CT were negatively associated with increased hepatic vacuolation, while ultrasound and gross evaluation of the liver were not reliable. Beta-hydroxybutyric-acid (BHBA) concentrations were significantly associated with hepatic lipidosis. Metabolomics and lipidomics data found BHBA and succinic acid to be potential biomarkers for diagnosing hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons. Succinic acid concentrations were significantly lower in the gemfibrozil treatment group. There was a tendency for improvement in the biomarkers and reduced hepatic fat in bearded dragons with hepatic lipidosis when treated with gemfibrozil, though the improvement was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide information on the antemortem assessment of hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons and paves the way for further research in diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinita K. Barboza
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex zur Linden
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Gardhouse
- Health Sciences Center, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Human lipoproteins comprise at least 12 different classes that are lognormally distributed. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275066. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the results of HPLC, a gentler and rapid separation method in comparison with the conventional ultracentrifugation, for 55 human serum samples. The elution patterns were analysed parametrically, and the attribute of each class was confirmed biochemically. Human samples contained 12 classes of lipoproteins, each of which may consist primarily of proteins. There are three classes of VLDLs. The level of each class was distributed lognormally, and the standard amount and the 95% range were estimated. Some lipoprotein classes with a narrow range could become ideal indicators of specific diseases. This lognormal character suggests that the levels are controlled by the synergy of multiple factors; multiple undesirable lifestyle habits may drastically increase the levels of specific lipoprotein classes. Lipoproteins in medical samples have been measured by enzymatic methods that coincide with conventional ultracentrifugation; however, the high gravity and time required for ultracentrifugation can cause sample degradation. Actually, the enzymatic methods measured the levels of several mixed classes. The targets of enzymatic methods have to be revised.
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13
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Lucero D, Wolska A, Aligabi Z, Turecamo S, Remaley AT. Lipoprotein Assessment in the twenty-first Century. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2022; 51:459-481. [PMID: 35963624 PMCID: PMC9382697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on decades of both basic science and epidemiologic research, there is overwhelming evidence for the causal relationship between high levels of cholesterol, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Risk evaluation and monitoring the response to lipid-lowering therapies are heavily dependent on the accurate assessment of plasma lipoproteins in the clinical laboratory. This article provides an update of lipoprotein metabolism as it relates to atherosclerosis and how diagnostic measures of lipids and lipoproteins can serve as markers of cardiovascular risk, with a focus on recent advances in cardiovascular risk marker testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lucero
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5D09, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Anna Wolska
- Heart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5N323, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zahra Aligabi
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5D09, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah Turecamo
- Heart Disease Phenomics Laboratory, Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5N323, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5D09, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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14
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Beaufrère H, Stark KD, Wood RD. Effects of a 0.3% cholesterol diet and a 20% fat diet on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in Quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus). Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 51:376-384. [PMID: 35470485 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid disorders are common in captive psittacine birds, but associated changes in blood lipids and lipoproteins have not been well characterized. The Quaker parrot is prone to dyslipidemia and has been extensively used as an experimental model. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study the effects of a 0.3% cholesterol diet and a 20% fat diet on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in Quaker parrots. METHODS Two crossover studies were performed with each diet. During each study, 12 parrots were divided into two groups fed the treatment or control diet for 2 weeks. After a 2-month wash-out period, the groups were reversed. At the end of each period, plasma lipidomics and lipoprotein profiling were performed. Data were analyzed by univariate tests adjusted for false discovery rates, volcano plots, and enrichment analyses. RESULTS The cholesterol diet induced changes in many plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Total cholesterol and cholesteryl esters were significantly and markedly elevated. Ceramides were the second subclass of lipids that were elevated. Several glycerophosphocholines, sphingomyelins, and one diacylglycerol were also significantly elevated, albeit to a lesser magnitude. All lipoproteins were elevated, with the greatest increase seen in non-HDL. The fat diet mainly resulted in a decrease in plasma glycerolipids and an increase in acylcarnitines. Lipoprotein plasma levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Quaker parrots fed a 0.3% cholesterol diet showed profound and complex dyslipidemic changes that could be used to further study lipid disorders and their management in psittacine birds. A 20% fat diet higher in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids did not lead to dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Darren Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Qiao YN, Zou YL, Guo SD. Low-density lipoprotein particles in atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:931931. [PMID: 36111155 PMCID: PMC9468243 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.931931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the diseases causing human death, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains number one according to the World Health Organization report in 2021. It is known that atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of CVD. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is the traditional biological marker of LDL. However, large numbers of patients who have achieved the recommended LDL-C goals still have ASCVD risk. In multiple prospective studies, LDL particle (LDL-P) is reported to be more accurate in predicting CVD risk than LDL-C. LDL-Ps differ in size, density and chemical composition. Numerous clinical studies have proved that the atherogenic mechanisms of LDL-Ps are determined not only by LDL number and size but also by LDL modifications. Of note, small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles possess stronger atherogenic ability compared with large and intermediate LDL subfractions. Besides, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) is another risk factor in atherosclerosis. Among the traditional lipid-lowering drugs, statins induce dramatic reductions in LDL-C and LDL-P to a lesser extend. Recently, proprotein convertase subtilsin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) have been demonstrated to be effective in lowering the levels of LDL-C, LDL-P, as well as CVD events. In this article, we will make a short review of LDL metabolism, discuss the discordance between LDL-C and LDL-P, outline the atherogenic mechanisms of action of LDL by focusing on sdLDL and ox-LDL, summarize the methods used for measurement of LDL subclasses, and conclude the advances in LDL-lowering therapies using statins and PCSK9i.
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16
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Katayama D, Nagano N, Shimizu S, Nakazaki K, Matsuda K, Tokunaga W, Fuwa K, Aoki R, Morioka I. A Non-Obese Hyperglycemic Mouse Model that Develops after Birth with Low Birthweight. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071642. [PMID: 35884949 PMCID: PMC9312481 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of low birthweight (LBW) infants weighing below 2500 g has not decreased in Japan. This study aimed to develop an adult non-obese hyperglycemic mouse model born with LBW to study the pathogenesis. At 16.5 days of gestation, transient intrauterine ischemia (blocked blood flow in both uterine arteries for 15 min) was performed in a subgroup of pregnant mice (group I). Non-occluded dams were used as sham controls (group C). After birth, female pups in each group were weaned at 4 weeks of age and reared on the normal diet until 8 weeks of age (n = 7). Fasting blood glucose levels, serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and body composition were then measured. Metabolite analyses was performed on the liver tissues. Birthweight was significantly lower in group I compared with group C. Pups from group I remained underweight with low fat-free mass and showed hyperglycemia with high serum IRI and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance levels, indicating insulin resistance. Metabolite analyses showed significantly reduced adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide production and increased lactic acid in group I. The pathogenesis of our non-obese hyperglycemic mouse model may be due to increased myogenic insulin resistance based on mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced lean body mass.
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17
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Development of internal standard for lipoprotein subclass analysis using dual detection gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography system. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231316. [PMID: 35583205 PMCID: PMC9160529 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The LipoSEARCH® System is an innovative lipoprotein class analysis method based on gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This system uses a gel permeation column to separate the major lipoprotein subclasses (chylomicron, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein) in serum according to particle size and splits them into two pathways to measure total cholesterol (TC; esterified + unesterified cholesterol) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations simultaneously to obtain chromatograms for each. These chromatograms were analyzed based on the results of the calibration serum by fitting Gaussian curves to profile the 20 lipoprotein subclasses defined in detail. An important assumption of this HPLC system is its simultaneous detection of two pathways to guarantee the accuracy of each analysis. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the development of an internal standard that can guarantee the simultaneous detection of this system by adding a pigment to the serum. We focused on quinone pigments with absorption at 550 nm, which is the wavelength used for the enzymatic assay of TC and TG concentrations in the system. As a result, we succeeded in producing overlapping pigment peaks that appeared after the analytical chromatograms in two pathways. It is also suggested that the pigment solution as an internal standard is stable in freezing storage and has little effect on the analysis. The developed internal standard is expected to contribute to the accuracy assurance of lipoprotein analysis by this dual-detection HPLC system.
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18
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Jones PR, Rajalahti T, Resaland GK, Aadland E, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Bathen TF, Andreassen T, Kvalheim OM, Ekelund U. Associations of lipoprotein particle profile and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in schoolchildren: a prospective cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:5. [PMID: 35062967 PMCID: PMC8781389 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Our understanding of the mechanisms through which physical activity might benefit lipoprotein metabolism is inadequate. Here we characterise the continuous associations between physical activity of different intensities, sedentary time, and a comprehensive lipoprotein particle profile.
Methods
Our cohort included 762 fifth grade (mean [SD] age = 10.0 [0.3] y) Norwegian schoolchildren (49.6% girls) measured on two separate occasions across one school year. We used targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to produce 57 lipoprotein measures from fasted blood serum samples. The children wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days to record time spent in light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity physical activity, and sedentary time. We used separate multivariable linear regression models to analyse associations between the device-measured activity variables—modelled both prospectively (baseline value) and as change scores (follow-up minus baseline value)—and each lipoprotein measure at follow-up.
Results
Higher baseline levels of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity were associated with a favourable lipoprotein particle profile at follow-up. The strongest associations were with the larger subclasses of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Sedentary time was associated with an unfavourable lipoprotein particle profile, the pattern of associations being the inverse of those in the moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity analyses. The associations with light-intensity physical activity were more modest; those of the change models were weak.
Conclusion
We provide evidence of a prospective association between time spent active or sedentary and lipoprotein metabolism in schoolchildren. Change in activity levels across the school year is of limited influence in our young, healthy cohort.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, #NCT02132494. Registered 7th April 2014
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Wang D, Yu B, Li Q, Guo Y, Koike T, Koike Y, Wu Q, Zhang J, Mao L, Tang X, Sun L, Lin X, Wu J, Chen YE, Peng D, Zeng R. OUP accepted manuscript. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6547772. [PMID: 35278086 PMCID: PMC9254886 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein, especially high-density lipoprotein (HDL), particles are composed of multiple heterogeneous subgroups containing various proteins and lipids. The molecular distribution among these subgroups is closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we established high-resolution proteomics and lipidomics (HiPL) methods to depict the molecular profiles across lipoprotein (Lipo-HiPL) and HDL (HDL-HiPL) subgroups by optimizing the resolution of anion-exchange chromatography and comprehensive quantification of proteins and lipids on the omics level. Furthermore, based on the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis of molecular profiles across high-resolution subgroups, we achieved the relationship of proteome‒lipidome connectivity (PLC) for lipoprotein and HDL particles. By application of these methods to high-fat, high-cholesterol diet-fed rabbits and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, we uncovered the delicate dynamics of the molecular profile and reconstruction of lipoprotein and HDL particles. Of note, the PLC features revealed by the HDL-HiPL method discriminated ACS from healthy individuals better than direct proteome and lipidome quantification or PLC features revealed by the Lipo-HiPL method, suggesting their potential in ACS diagnosis. Together, we established HiPL methods to trace the dynamics of the molecular profile and PLC of lipoprotein and even HDL during the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomonari Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yui Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qingqing Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | | | | | - Rong Zeng
- Correspondence to: Rong Zeng, E-mail:
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20
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Akiyama H, Iwata F, Okada T. Lipoprotein-subclass particle numbers in children with abdominal obesity. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15045. [PMID: 34726816 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lipoprotein particle number (PN) profile may be a better marker of cardiovascular risks than standard serum lipid measurements. The aim of this study was to analyze the lipoprotein PNs in Japanese children with abdominal obesity and to determine the subclass profile. METHODS The participants included 164 Japanese children (79 boys and 85 girls) aged 9-13 years. We obtained waist-to-height ratios (WHtR) and serum lipids for all participants. The lipoprotein PNs in 12 subclasses were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Both boys and girls with abdominal obesity (WHtR ≧ 0.5) had significantly higher triglyceride (TG), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-PN, and all VLDL-subclass PNs compared to those without abdominal obesity. In boys with abdominal obesity, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-PN was higher, but lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was not, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower, but HDL-PN was not compared to those without abdominal obesity. In girls with abdominal obesity, LDL-C and LDL-PN were not significantly different and both HDL-C and HDL-PN were lower compared to those without abdominal obesity. Subclass analyses demonstrated that boys and girls with abdominal obesity had significantly lower very large and large HDL-PNs than those without abdominal obesity. In addition, medium, small, and very small LDL-PNs were higher in boys with abdominal obesity than those without abdominal obesity. CONCLUSIONS This study found that Japanese children with abdominal obesity are affected by the lipoprotein-subclass PN profile, with sex differences in the LDL- and HDL-subclasses, which is different from results obtained by standard serum lipid measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Akiyama
- Department of Nutrition, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Tomoo Okada
- Department of Nutrition and Life Sciences, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Kaseda R, Hosojima M, Kuwahara S, Kabasawa H, Aoki H, Higuchi Y, Kon V, Narita I, Saito A. Rice Endosperm Protein Improves the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of High-Density Lipoprotein and Produces Lower Atherosclerotic Lesion Accelerated by the Renal Mass Reduction than Casein in a Mouse Model. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:668-678. [PMID: 34424818 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1950584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impairs the anti-inflammatory effects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increases cardiovascular mortality. Though the potential role of dietary interventions to manage HDL is well studied, the clinical trials aimed to increase HDL levels have failed to reduce cardiovascular risk, rendering HDL function to be explored as a more relevant clinical parameter. This study investigates the effects of rice endosperm protein (REP), a plant-based protein, on the anti-inflammatory properties of HDL and renal injury-driven atherosclerosis in comparison with casein, an animal protein. Ten-week-old apolipoprotein E-deficient hyperlipidemic mice underwent uninephrectomy. The mice (n = 6 each) were pair-fed a normal casein-based diet or a REP-based diet (both with 20.0% protein content) for seven weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions were detected by en face Sudan IV staining of the aorta. The number and sizes of the atherosclerotic lesions were significantly lower in the REP-based diet-fed group than the casein-based diet-fed group (p = 0.038). However, the REP-based diet neither elicited an ameliorative effect on kidney function or histology nor impacted the cholesterol profiles. Furthermore, HDL from the REP-based diet-fed mice significantly suppressed the inflammatory cytokine response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells than that from the casein-based diet-fed mice (MCP-1, p = 0.010; IL-6, p = 0.011; IL-1β, p = 0.028). The REP-based diet has a higher potential to lessen the atherosclerotic lesions accelerated by renal mass reduction than a casein-based diet, which could be associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kaseda
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hosojima
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoji Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kabasawa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Department of Applied Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuki Higuchi
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan.,Rice Research Center, Kameda Seika Co. Ltd, Niigata, Japan
| | - Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennesse, USA
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saito
- Department of Applied Molecular Medicine, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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22
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Kanonidou C. Small dense low-density lipoprotein: Analytical review. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 520:172-178. [PMID: 34118239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal relationship between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been firmly substantiated. LDL consists of a heterogeneous group of particles with different physicochemical and metabolic properties. Among them, small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles are considered an emerging CVD risk factor and a promising CVD risk biomarker. This paper reviews published analytical and calculation-based methods for sdLDL determination in plasma, present their principles, strengths, and weaknesses, and examine the challenges arising from method comparison. METHODS A literature survey was conducted using the PubMed database. Subject headings and keywords facilitated the search strategy. Titles and abstracts were initially assessed, and the full-text article of the pre-selected ones was reviewed. RESULTS A range of methods is currently available for the analysis of LDL subfractions and the measurement of sdLDL particle size, number, and cholesterol concentration. Ultracentrifugation (UC), vertical auto profile, gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, ion mobility analysis, and a homogeneous assay are the most prevalent. To date, there is no "gold standard". UC and GGE are the most established techniques, albeit significantly sophisticated. NMR and the homogeneous assay are options with potential clinical use as they yield results rapidly and can be high-throughput. None of the proposed equations for the calculated sdLDL determination has been sufficiently validated to serve as a clinical tool. CONCLUSIONS Many analytical procedures have been developed for the study of sdLDL particles. Their use remains largely restricted to research laboratories since their analytical and clinical performance, along with the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of sdLDL determination have not been fully established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kanonidou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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23
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Yokoyama S, Remaley AT, Sampson M, Ai M, Okazaki M. Validation by HPLC analyses of new equations for estimating cholesterol in plasma lipoprotein subfractions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158986. [PMID: 34102316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masumi Ai
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Okazaki
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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24
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Junková K, Mirchi LF, Chylíková B, Janků M, Šilhavý J, Hüttl M, Marková I, Miklánková D, Včelák J, Malínská H, Pravenec M, Šeda O, Liška F. Hepatic Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Lack of Acsm3 Expression in Polydactylous Rats with High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia and Visceral Fat Accumulation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051462. [PMID: 33923085 PMCID: PMC8147112 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Its complex pathogenesis includes, on the one hand, sedentary lifestyle and high caloric intake, and, on the other hand, there is a clear genetic predisposition. PD (Polydactylous rat) is an animal model of hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. To unravel the genetic and pathophysiologic background of this phenotype, we compared morphometric and metabolic parameters as well as liver transcriptomes among PD, spontaneously hypertensive rat, and Brown Norway (BN) strains fed a high-fat diet (HFD). After 4 weeks of HFD, PD rats displayed marked hypertriglyceridemia but without the expected hepatic steatosis. Moreover, the PD strain showed significant weight gain, including increased weight of retroperitoneal and epididymal fat pads, and impaired glucose tolerance. In the liver transcriptome, we found 5480 differentially expressed genes, which were enriched for pathways involved in fatty acid beta and omega oxidation, glucocorticoid metabolism, oxidative stress, complement activation, triacylglycerol and lipid droplets synthesis, focal adhesion, prostaglandin synthesis, interferon signaling, and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways. Interestingly, the PD strain, contrary to SHR and BN rats, did not express the Acsm3 (acyl-CoA synthetase medium-chain family member 3) gene in the liver. Together, these results suggest disturbances in fatty acid utilization as a molecular mechanism predisposing PD rats to hypertriglyceridemia and fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Junková
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.J.); (L.F.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (O.Š.)
| | - Lukáš F. Mirchi
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.J.); (L.F.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (O.Š.)
| | - Blanka Chylíková
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.J.); (L.F.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (O.Š.)
| | - Michaela Janků
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.J.); (L.F.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (O.Š.)
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Department of Genetics of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Irena Marková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Denisa Miklánková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Josef Včelák
- Institute of Endocrinology, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Hana Malínská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (H.M.)
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.J.); (L.F.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (O.Š.)
- Department of Genetics of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.J.); (L.F.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (O.Š.)
| | - František Liška
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.J.); (L.F.M.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (O.Š.)
- Department of Genetics of Model Diseases, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-224-968-154
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25
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Jones PR, Rajalahti T, Resaland GK, Aadland E, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Bathen TF, Andreassen T, Kvalheim OM, Ekelund U. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between aerobic fitness and lipoprotein particle profile in a cohort of Norwegian schoolchildren. Atherosclerosis 2021; 321:21-29. [PMID: 33601268 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The associations between aerobic fitness and traditional measures of lipid metabolism in children are uncertain. We investigated whether higher levels of aerobic fitness benefit lipoprotein metabolism by exploring associations with a comprehensive lipoprotein particle profile. METHODS In our prospective cohort study, we used targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to profile 57 measures of lipoprotein metabolism from fasting serum samples of 858 fifth-grade Norwegian schoolchildren (49.0% girls; mean age 10.0 years). Aerobic fitness was measured using an intermittent shuttle run aerobic fitness test. We used multiple linear regression adjusted for potential confounders to examine cross-sectional and prospective associations between aerobic fitness and lipoprotein particle profile. RESULTS Higher levels of aerobic fitness were associated with a favourable lipoprotein particle profile in the cross-sectional analysis, which included inverse associations with all measures of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles (e.g., -0.06 mmol·L-1 or -0.23 SD units; 95% CI = -0.31, -0.16 for VLDL cholesterol concentration). In the prospective analysis, the favourable pattern of associations persisted, though the individual associations tended to be more consistent with those of the cross-sectional analysis for the VLDL subclass measures compared to the low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins. Adjustment for adiposity attenuated the associations in both cross-sectional and prospective models. Nevertheless, an independent effect of aerobic fitness remained for some measures. CONCLUSIONS Improving children's aerobic fitness levels should benefit lipoprotein metabolism, though a concomitant reduction in adiposity would likely potentiate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Remy Jones
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tarja Rajalahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Førde Health Trust, Førde, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Førde Health Trust, Førde, Norway; Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trygve Andreassen
- MR Core Facility, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Yamashita S, Okazaki M, Okada T, Masuda D, Yokote K, Arai H, Araki E, Ishibashi S. Distinct Differences in Lipoprotein Particle Number Evaluation between GP-HPLC and NMR: Analysis in Dyslipidemic Patients Administered a Selective PPARα Modulator, Pemafibrate. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:974-996. [PMID: 33536398 PMCID: PMC8532064 DOI: 10.5551/jat.60764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
We established a method to evaluate the lipid concentrations, size and particle numbers (PNs) of lipoprotein subclasses by gel permeation chromatography (GP-HPLC). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely used to analyze these parameters of lipoprotein subclasses, but differences of the two methods are unknown. Current study compared the PNs of each lipoprotein subclass measured by GP-HPLC and NMR, and assessed the effect of a selective PPARα modulator, pemafibrate.
Methods:
Lipoprotein profiles of 212 patients with dyslipidemia who participated in the phase 2 clinical trial of a selective PPARα modulator, pemafibrate, were analyzed by two methods, GP-HPLC and NMR, which were performed with LipoSEARCH (Skylight Biotech) and LipoProfile 3 (LabCorp), respectively. GP-HPLC evaluated the PNs of 18 subclasses, consisting of CM, VLDL1-5, LDL1-6, and HDL1-6. NMR evaluated the PNs of 9 subclasses, consisting of large VLDL & CM, medium VLDL, small VLDL, IDL, large LDL, small LDL, large HDL, medium HDL and small HDL.
Results:
Three major classes, total CM&VLDL, total LDL and total HDL were obtained by grouping of corresponding subclasses in both methods and PNs of these classes analyzed by GP-HPLC were correlated positively with those by NMR. The correlation coefficients in total CM&VLDL, total LDL and total HDL between GP-HPLC and NMR was 0.658, 0.863 and 0.798 (all
p
<0.0001), respectively. The PNs of total CM&VLDL, total LDL and total HDL analyzed by GP-HPLC was 249.5±51.7nM, 1,679±359 nM and 13,273±1,564 nM, respectively, while those by NMR was 124.6±41.8 nM, 1,514±386 nM and 31,161±4,839 nM, respectively. A marked difference in the PNs between the two methods was demonstrated especially in total HDL.
The number of apolipoprotein (Apo) B molecule per one ApoB-containing lipoprotein particle, total CM&VLDL plus total LDL, was 1.10±0.05 by GP-HPLC, while 1.32±0.18 by NMR. The number of ApoA-I per one HDL particle was 3.40±0.17 by GP-HPLC, but only 1.46±0.15 by NMR, much less than reported previously. From the phase 2 clinical trial, randomizing 212 patients to pemafibrate 0.025-0.2 mg BID, fenofibrate 100 mg QD, or placebo groups, pemafibrate reduced the PNs of CM, large VLDL1-VLDL3 and medium VLDL4, but not small VLDL5 by GP-HPLC. It significantly decreased the PNs of smaller LDL and larger HDL particles, but increased those of larger LDL and smaller HDL particles. In contrast, NMR showed marked variations in the effect of pemafibrate on lipoprotein PNs, and no significant size-dependent changes. Conclusions:
GP-HPLC evaluates the lipoprotein PNs more accurately than NMR and can be used for assessing the effects of lipid-lowering drugs on lipoprotein subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takeshi Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Eiichi Araki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University
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27
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Shinohata R, Shiga Y, Miura SI, Hirohata S, Shibakura M, Ueno-Iio T, Watanabe S, Arao Y, Usui S. Low plasma apolipoprotein E-rich high-density lipoprotein levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:531-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Masuda D, Kiyosue A, Hirayama A, Shimauchi J, López JAG, Miyawaki K, Yamashita S. Evolocumab Effects on Lipoproteins, Measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 27:1183-1207. [PMID: 32435010 PMCID: PMC7803834 DOI: 10.5551/jat.54353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Profiling of lipoproteins can predict risk of cardiovascular disease; gel permeation high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) improves prediction accuracy by providing detailed data for specific lipoprotein subclasses. This study applied HPLC to examine the effects of evolocumab, which effectively treats hyperlipidemia and mixed dyslipidemia, on lipoprotein subclasses, specifically the number and size of lipoprotein particles. METHODS This post-hoc analysis used patient blood samples from YUKAWA-2, a phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy of evolocumab in Japanese adult patients with hyperlipidemia or mixed dyslipidemia and at high risk for cardiovascular disease. We used HPLC to assess observed values and percent change from baseline in cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) concentrations, number of particles in lipoprotein subclasses to week 12, and mean observed values and mean percent change from baseline in variables to weeks 10 and 12. HPLC was also compared with conventional methods in assessing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) values. RESULTS Data for all 404 patients were analyzed. Evolocumab significantly decreased cholesterol and TG concentrations, and total particle count, in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL subclasses. Particle size increased slightly in LDL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and VLDL, but data varied widely. At very low LDL-C, HPLC measurements were higher than those from conventional methods. CONCLUSION This research used HPLC to assess the effects of evolocumab in 20 lipid subclasses. By lowering lipid content and improving the lipid profile, evolocumab may reduce atherogenicity. This reduction is better quantified by HPLC than by conventional methods in the very low LDL-C range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Rinku Innovation Center for Wellness Care and Activities (RICWA), Rinku General Medical Center
| | - Arihiro Kiyosue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo Hospital.,Tokyo-Eki Center-building Clinic
| | | | | | | | | | - Shizuya Yamashita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Community Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Cardiology, Rinku General Medical Center
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29
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Beaufrère H, Gardhouse S, Ammersbach M. Lipoprotein characterization in Quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus) using gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:417-427. [PMID: 32966641 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid accumulation disorders, such as atherosclerosis and hepatic lipidosis, are common in psittacine birds and associated with various dyslipidemias. Gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography (GP-HPLC) is a reference method for advanced lipoprotein profiling based on particle size separation, followed by an analysis of lipid contents. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to (a) characterize Quaker parrot lipoproteins using a commercial GP-HPLC method (Liposearch panel), and (b) obtain preliminary information on the reliability of the Friedewald formula for low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) measurements. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 12 fasted healthy Quaker parrots. Cholesterol concentrations, triglyceride concentrations, particle sizes, and particle numbers were determined by GP-HPLC for four classes and 20 sub-fractions of lipoproteins. The LDL-C concentrations obtained using the Friedewald formula and direct measurements were compared with Bland-Altman plots. Alternate formulas were determined using multiple linear regression. RESULTS High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was the predominant lipoprotein in Quaker parrots, and most particles were of medium-to-small sizes belonging to two sub-fractions (average size, 10.6 nm). LDL was the second most common lipoprotein and included large-to-small particles belonging to three sub-fractions (average size, 24.9 nm). Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and portomicrons were present in low concentrations. The Friedewald formula underestimated LDL-C concentrations with a significant bias of 0.44 mmol/L. An alternate formula was proposed: LDL-C = 0.75*Non-HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS GP-HPLC allowed unprecedented characterization of plasma lipoproteins in Quaker parrots. Characterizing psittacine lipoprotein is useful for validation and interpretation of routine clinical tests as well as for use in epidemiologic and experimental research on psittacine lipid accumulation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Gardhouse
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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30
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Usui N, Iwata K, Miyachi T, Takagai S, Wakusawa K, Nara T, Tsuchiya KJ, Matsumoto K, Kurita D, Kameno Y, Wakuda T, Takebayashi K, Iwata Y, Fujioka T, Hirai T, Toyoshima M, Ohnishi T, Toyota T, Maekawa M, Yoshikawa T, Maekawa M, Nakamura K, Tsujii M, Sugiyama T, Mori N, Matsuzaki H. VLDL-specific increases of fatty acids in autism spectrum disorder correlate with social interaction. EBioMedicine 2020; 58:102917. [PMID: 32739868 PMCID: PMC7393524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities of lipid metabolism contributing to the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pathogenesis have been suggested, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. We aimed to characterize the lipid metabolism in ASD and to explore a biomarker for clinical evaluation. METHODS An age-matched case-control study was designed. Lipidomics was conducted using the plasma samples from 30 children with ASD compared to 30 typical developmental control (TD) children. Large-scale lipoprotein analyses were also conducted using the serum samples from 152 children with ASD compared to 122 TD children. Data comparing ASD to TD subjects were evaluated using univariate (Mann-Whitney test) and multivariate analyses (conditional logistic regression analysis) for main analyses using cofounders (diagnosis, sex, age, height, weight, and BMI), Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and discriminant analyses. FINDINGS Forty-eight significant metabolites involved in lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, oxidative stress, and synaptic function were identified in the plasma of ASD children by lipidomics. Among these, increased fatty acids (FAs), such as omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), showed correlations with clinical social interaction score and ASD diagnosis. Specific reductions of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and apoprotein B (APOB) in serum of ASD children also were found by large-scale lipoprotein analysis. VLDL-specific reduction in ASD was correlated with APOB, indicating VLDL-specific dyslipidaemia associated with APOB in ASD children. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrated that the increases in FAs correlated positively with social interaction are due to VLDL-specific degradation, providing novel insights into the lipid metabolism underlying ASD pathophysiology. FUNDING This study was supported mainly by MEXT, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Usui
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Center for Medical Research and Education, and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwata
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Taishi Miyachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya City University Medical School, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shu Takagai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Keisuke Wakusawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi 989-3126, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nara
- Department of Rehabilitation, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi 989-3126, Japan
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kaori Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Psychology, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Ishikawa 921-8054, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurita
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kameno
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Wakuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Takebayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Fukude Nishi Hospital, Shizuoka 437-1216, Japan
| | - Toru Fujioka
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takaharu Hirai
- Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masato Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Tsujii
- School of Contemporary Sociology, Chukyo University, Aichi 470-0393, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Norio Mori
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Fukude Nishi Hospital, Shizuoka 437-1216, Japan
| | - Hideo Matsuzaki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
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Tani S, Yagi T, Matsuo R, Kawauchi K, Atsumi W, Matsumoto N, Okumura Y. Administration of eicosapentaenoic acid may alter lipoprotein particle heterogeneity in statin-treated patients with stable coronary artery disease: A pilot 6-month randomized study. J Cardiol 2020; 76:487-498. [PMID: 32636128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to ongoing statin therapy could change the particle heterogeneity of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, even in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. METHODS We assigned CAD patients already receiving statin therapy to one of two groups: an EPA group (1800 mg/day; n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). A gel permeation high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to measure the particle concentration and number of lipoprotein subclasses. RESULTS In the EPA group, significant decreases of both the concentration and number of medium LDL (p = 0.0002 and 0.0001), small LDL (p = 0.0004 and 0.0005) and very small LDL (p = 0.0005 and 0.002) particles were observed. Conversely, the concentration and number of large HDL particles increased significantly (p = 0.024 and 0.048). The concentration of very large HDL particles also increased significantly (p = 0.028). Furthermore, significant correlations between the variables that showed significant changes in the LDL and HDL particle subclasses, and the EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio were found. No other significant associations of lipoprotein particle heterogeneity with the serum EPA/AA ratio were noted in either the control group or the EPA group. Interestingly, univariate and multivariate regression analyses revealed that increased serum lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity, a key enzyme of HDL cholesterol efflux, was a predictor for increased above-mentioned HDL particles subclasses. CONCLUSIONS Administration of EPA might alter both LDL and HDL particle heterogeneity, causing decreased concentration and number of smaller LDL particles and increased concentration and number of larger HDL particles. Furthermore, addition of EPA to ongoing statin therapy appears to be capable of increasing the EPA/AA ratio, which might have an anti-atherosclerotic effect on lipoprotein particle heterogeneity, even in stable CAD patients with well-controlled serum lipid levels. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN (http://www.umin.ac.jp/) Study ID: UMIN000010452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Health Planning Center, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan.
| | - Tsukasa Yagi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan
| | - Rei Matsuo
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenji Kawauchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan
| | - Wataru Atsumi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoya Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan
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Würtz P, Soininen P. Reply to: “Methodological issues regarding: “A third of nonfasting plasma cholesterol is in remnant lipoproteins: Lipoprotein subclass profiling in 9293 individuals””. Atherosclerosis 2020; 302:59-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sawada N, Obama T, Koba S, Takaki T, Iwamoto S, Aiuchi T, Kato R, Kikuchi M, Hamazaki Y, Itabe H. Circulating oxidized LDL, increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction, is accompanied by heavily modified HDL. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:816-829. [PMID: 32291330 PMCID: PMC7269762 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) is a known risk factor for atherogenesis. This study aimed to reveal structural features of oxLDL present in human circulation related to atherosclerosis. When LDL was fractionated on an anion-exchange column, in vivo-oxLDL, detected by the anti-oxidized PC (oxPC) mAb, was recovered in flow-through and electronegative LDL [LDL(-)] fractions. The amount of the electronegative in vivo-oxLDL, namely oxLDL in the LDL(-) fraction, present in patients with acute MI was 3-fold higher than that observed in healthy subjects. Surprisingly, the LDL(-) fraction contained apoA1 in addition to apoB, and HDL-sized particles were observed with transmission electron microscopy. In LDL(-) fractions, acrolein adducts were identified at all lysine residues in apoA1, with only a small number of acrolein-modified residues identified in apoB. The amount of oxPC adducts of apoB was higher in the LDL(-) than in the L1 fraction, as determined using Western blotting. The electronegative in vivo-oxLDL was immunologically purified from the LDL(-) fraction with an anti-oxPC mAb. The majority of PC species were not oxidized, whereas oxPC and lysoPC did not accumulate. Here, we propose that there are two types of in vivo-oxLDL in human circulating plasma and the electronegative in vivo-oxLDL accompanies oxidized HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Sawada
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Obama
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Takaki
- Division of Electron Microscopy Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Sanju Iwamoto
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aiuchi
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Rina Kato
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Kikuchi
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Hamazaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Itabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan. mailto:
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Wada Y, Izumi H, Shimizu T, Takeda Y. A More Oxidized Plasma Albumin Redox State and Lower Plasma HDL Particle Number Reflect Low-Protein Diet Ingestion in Adult Rats. J Nutr 2020; 150:256-266. [PMID: 31552421 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma albumin (ALB) redox state reflects protein nutritional status, but how it differs from other protein nutrition biomarkers remains to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to delineate the characteristics of plasma ALB redox state as a protein nutrition biomarker. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were maintained on an AIN-93 M [14% casein, control (CT)] diet or an AIN-93 M-based 5% casein [low protein (LP)] diet ad libitum for 4 wk. Plasma samples were repeatedly obtained from the same rats at weeks 0-4, ALB redox state was determined by HPLC, and the concentrations of conventional protein nutrition biomarkers, ALB and transthyretin (TTR), were compared between the groups by Student t test. Body mass, relative muscle masses, plasma proteome, and plasma lipids at week 4 were also compared. RESULTS Plasma ALB redox state shifted to a more oxidized state in the LP diet group compared with the CT diet group at weeks 1-4. The LP diet group also showed significantly lower plasma ALB concentrations at weeks 1 and 2 (13% and 11% lower, respectively) and significantly lower TTR concentration at week 1 (21% lower) compared with the CT diet group, but these concentrations did not differ significantly at weeks 3 and 4. After 4 wk, body mass and relative soleus and gastrocnemius muscle masses did not differ, but the relative plantaris muscle mass tended to be 4% lower (1.75 compared with 1.68 g/kg body mass) in the LP diet group compared with the CT group (P = 0.06). The LP diet group also had a significantly lower HDL particle number than the CT group (30% lower). CONCLUSIONS A more oxidized plasma ALB redox state and lower plasma HDL particle number reflect LP diet ingestion in adult rats, which did not exhibit changes of plasma ALB and TTR concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Food and Medical Innovation Promotion, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Izumi
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Center for Food and Medical Innovation Promotion, Institute for the Promotion of Business-Regional Collaboration of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeda
- Wellness & Nutrition Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Meng X, Yin J, Yu X, Guo Y. MicroRNA-205-5p Promotes Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation In Vivo. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 34:25-39. [PMID: 32034643 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-06935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atherosclerosis is a narrowing of the arteries caused by plaque buildup. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed to participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Here, we aimed to investigate miR-205-5p's role in promoting atherosclerotic progression. METHODS Knock-in (KI) mice with human/murine miR-205-5p within the murine host gene for miR-205 (MIR205HG) were crossed with apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe-/-) mice. This miR-205KI Apoe-/- murine model was employed to study the impact of miR-205-5p in Apoe-/- mice susceptible to atherosclerotic plaque formation. RESULTS miR-205KI Apoe-/-mice developed larger, more unstable plaques relative to their Apoe-/- counterparts (0.45 vs. 0.26 mm2, P < 0.001). miR-205KI Apoe-/- mice exhibited lower serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (5.18 vs. 19.31 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and triglycerides (32.79 vs. 156.76 mg/dL, P < 0.001) with system-wide reversal of cholesterol transport. Macrophages derived from miR-205KI Apoe-/- mice exhibited ~ 20% lowered cholesterol efflux capability with enhanced pro-inflammatory gene expression through lipid raft formation. Bone marrow transplantation demonstrated that bone marrow (BM) donor cells with miR-205-5pKI simulated plaque formation independent of the recipients' miR-205-5p status. CONCLUSIONS miR-205-5p encourages unstable atherogenesis in vivo. miR-205-5p also adversely influences lipid metabolism and promotes a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. Our findings advocate miR-205-5p as a potential therapeutic target for combating unstable atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandong Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Keerqin District, No. 328, Keerqin Street, Keerqin District, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Jianjiao Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First People's Hospital of Keerqin District, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xinli Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Keerqin District, No. 328, Keerqin Street, Keerqin District, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yonggang Guo
- Department of Medical Service, The First People's Hospital of Keerqin District, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia, China
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Yamashita S, Masuda D, Matsuzawa Y. Pemafibrate, a New Selective PPARα Modulator: Drug Concept and Its Clinical Applications for Dyslipidemia and Metabolic Diseases. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22:5. [PMID: 31974794 PMCID: PMC6978439 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-0823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Reduction of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by statins, ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors has been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular events risk. However, fasting and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia as well as reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) remain as residual risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). To treat patients with hypertriglyceridemia and/or low HDL-C, drugs such as fibrates, nicotinic acids, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been used. However, fibrates were demonstrated to cause side effects such as liver dysfunction and increase in creatinine levels, and thus large-scale clinical trials of fibrates have shown negative results for prevention of ASCVD. The failure could be attributed to their low selectivity and potency for binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α. To resolve these issues, the concept of selective PPARα modulator (SPPARMα) with a superior balance of efficacy and safety has been proposed and pemafibrate (K-877) has been developed. RECENT FINDINGS Pemafibrate, one of SPPARMsα, was synthesized by Kowa Company, Ltd. for better efficiency and safety. Clinical trials in Japan have established the superiority of pemafibrate on effects on serum triglycerides (TG) reduction and HDL-C elevation as well safety. Although available fibrates showed worsening of liver and kidney function test values, pemafibrate indicated improved liver function test values and was less likely to increase serum creatinine or decrease estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Very few drug-drug interactions were observed even when used concomitantly with statins. Furthermore, pemafibrate is metabolized in the liver and excreted into the bile, while many of available fibrates are mainly excreted from the kidney. Therefore, pemafibrate can be used safely even in patients with impaired renal function since there is no significant increase in its blood concentration. A large-scale trial of pemafibrate, PROMINENT, for dyslipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes is ongoing. Pemafibrate is one of novel SPPARMsα and has superior benefit-risk balance compared to conventional fibrates and can be applicable for patients for whom the usage of existing fibrates is difficult such as those who are taking statins or patients with renal dysfunction. In the current review, all the recent data on pemafibrate will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuya Yamashita
- Department of Cardiology, Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8577, Japan.
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiology, Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8577, Japan
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Masuda D, Miyata Y, Matsui S, Yamashita S. Omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters improve low-density lipoprotein subclasses without increasing low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels: A phase 4, randomized study. Atherosclerosis 2020; 292:163-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Efficacy and Safety of Pemafibrate, a Novel Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Modulator (SPPARMα): Pooled Analysis of Phase 2 and 3 Studies in Dyslipidemic Patients with or without Statin Combination. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225537. [PMID: 31698825 PMCID: PMC6888510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia has emerged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, despite low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) well-controlled with statins. We pooled data from the first 12 weeks of six randomized double-blind placebo-controlled studies of pemafibrate in Japan and investigated its efficacy and safety with and without statins, particularly focusing on patients with renal dysfunction. Subjects were 1253 patients (677 in the "with-statin" group and 576 in the "without-statin" group). At Week 12 (last observation carried forward), triglyceride (TG) was significantly reduced at all pemafibrate doses (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/day), both with and without statin, compared to placebo (p < 0.001 vs. placebo for all groups). In the "with-statin" group, the estimated percent change from baseline was -2.0% for placebo and -45.1%, -48.5%, and -50.0%, respectively, for the pemafibrate groups. Findings for both groups showed significant decreases in TG-rich lipoproteins and atherogenic lipid parameters compared to placebo. The incidence of adverse events was similar between the pemafibrate and placebo groups and was also similar for patients with and without renal dysfunction in the "with-statin" group. Pemafibrate lowered TG and improved atherogenic dyslipidemia without a significant increase in adverse events in comparison to the placebo, even among "with-statin" patients who had renal dysfunction.
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Tani S, Matsuo R, Yagi T, Matsumoto N. Administration of eicosapentaenoic acid may alter high-density lipoprotein heterogeneity in statin-treated patients with stable coronary artery disease: A 6-month randomized trial. J Cardiol 2019; 75:282-288. [PMID: 31543378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined statin plus eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) therapy might be a potentially effective treatment option to prevent coronary artery disease (CAD). The serum EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio has been identified as a potential new risk marker for CAD. Few data exist whether administration of EPA could affect high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle size. We hypothesized that the addition of EPA to ongoing statin therapy may result in altered HDL heterogeneity. METHODS We conducted this 6-month, single-center, prospective, randomized open-label clinical trial to investigate the effect of the additional administration of EPA on the HDL heterogeneity (HDL2, HDL3, and HDL2/HDL3 ratio) in stable CAD patients receiving treatment with statins. We assigned stable CAD patients already receiving statin therapy to the EPA group (1800mg/day: n=50) or the control group (n=50). RESULTS A significant decrease in the serum HDL3 level (-4.7% vs. -0.5%, p=0.037), but not of the serum HDL2 level, and a significant increase in the HDL2/HDL3 ratio (5.5% vs. -5.1%, p=0.032) were observed in the EPA group as compared to the control group. Multiple regression analysis with adjustments for coronary risk factors identified the achieved EPA/ AA ratio as an independent and significant predictor of an increase of the HDL2/HDL3 ratio (β=0.295, p=0.001). Furthermore, the change in the serum cholesterol ester transfer protein mass was positively correlated with the change in the EPA/AA ratio in the EPA group (r=0.286, p=0.044), but not in the control group (r=0.121, p=0.401). CONCLUSION Administration of EPA might decrease the serum HDL3 level, resulting in an increase in the HDL2/HDL3 ratio. Furthermore, increased EPA/AA ratio by the addition of EPA to ongoing statin therapy might be an indicator of an increase in the HDL2/HDL3 ratio, thereby regulating HDL particle size. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN (http://www.umin.ac.jp/) Study ID: UMIN000010452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Tani
- Department of Health Planning Center and Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan.
| | - Rei Matsuo
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yagi
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoya Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo Japan
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Morishita H, Zhao YG, Tamura N, Nishimura T, Kanda Y, Sakamaki Y, Okazaki M, Li D, Mizushima N. A critical role of VMP1 in lipoprotein secretion. eLife 2019; 8:48834. [PMID: 31526472 PMCID: PMC6748824 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are lipid-protein complexes that are primarily generated and secreted from the intestine, liver, and visceral endoderm and delivered to peripheral tissues. Lipoproteins, which are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, are released into the ER lumen for secretion, but its mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the release of lipoproteins from the ER membrane requires VMP1, an ER transmembrane protein essential for autophagy and certain types of secretion. Loss of vmp1, but not other autophagy-related genes, in zebrafish causes lipoprotein accumulation in the intestine and liver. Vmp1 deficiency in mice also leads to lipid accumulation in the visceral endoderm and intestine. In VMP1-depleted cells, neutral lipids accumulate within lipid bilayers of the ER membrane, thus affecting lipoprotein secretion. These results suggest that VMP1 is important for the release of lipoproteins from the ER membrane to the ER lumen in addition to its previously known functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Morishita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yan G Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Norito Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taki Nishimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kanda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sakamaki
- Microscopy Research Support Unit Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Dongfang Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kamijo Y, Ishii H, Yamamoto T, Kobayashi K, Asano H, Miake S, Kanda E, Urata H, Yoshida M. Potential Impact on Lipoprotein Subfractions in Type 2 Diabetes. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND DIABETES 2019; 12:1179551419866811. [PMID: 31452606 PMCID: PMC6696845 DOI: 10.1177/1179551419866811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Recently, the sodium-glucose cotransporter2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin has been shown to lower cardiovascular risk among diabetic patients. It is intriguing that some SGLT2 inhibitors have been found to increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, while the relevance to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is unknown. Although the inhibitory effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on glucose reabsorption may accelerate compensatory lipid metabolism and subsequently reduce body weight and affect the lipid profile, much remains unclear about this mechanism. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate in detail how canagliflozin affects lipoprotein fractions including LDL and HDL subclasses. Materials and Methods: This study is a multicenter prospective study. The participants were patients with 22 type 2 diabetes (60.7 ± 11.6 years, 59.1% of men) who had HbA1c ⩾ 7.0% and consented to participate in the study. They were administered 100 mg canagliflozin orally once per day. Biochemistry test and cholesterol levels of 20 lipoprotein fractions (G1-G20) using high performance liquid chromatography methods were examined before and after 12 weeks of treatment period. Results: Significant decreases were observed in the participants’ body weight (69.7 to 67.9 kg, P < .001), systolic blood pressure (129.3 to 119.5 mm Hg, P < .01), and HbA1c (8.5% to 7.4%, P < .001). Cholesterol levels in the 20 lipoprotein fractions increased for very large HDL (G14, G15) and large HDL (G16) (P < .05). Conclusions: Reduction in body weight, improvement of blood glucose levels, and increases in very large HDL and large HDL subclasses were observed after canagliflozin treatment. These beneficial changes might contribute to subsequent suppression of cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kamijo
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Ishii
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Asano Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asano
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Asano Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunji Miake
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sugi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Kanda
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Kyosai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Urata
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Nishino T, Horie T, Baba O, Sowa N, Hanada R, Kuwabara Y, Nakao T, Nishiga M, Nishi H, Nakashima Y, Nakazeki F, Ide Y, Koyama S, Kimura M, Nagata M, Yoshida K, Takagi Y, Nakamura T, Hasegawa K, Miyamoto S, Kimura T, Ono K. SREBF1/MicroRNA-33b Axis Exhibits Potent Effect on Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation In Vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2460-2473. [PMID: 30354203 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Atherosclerosis is a common disease caused by a variety of metabolic and inflammatory disturbances. MicroRNA (miR)-33a within SREBF2 (sterol regulatory element-binding factor 2) is a potent target for treatment of atherosclerosis through regulating both aspects; however, the involvement of miR-33b within SREBF1 remains largely unknown. Although their host genes difference could lead to functional divergence of miR-33a/b, we cannot dissect the roles of miR-33a/b in vivo because of lack of miR-33b sequences in mice, unlike human. Approach and Results- Here, we analyzed the development of atherosclerosis using miR-33b knock-in humanized mice under apolipoprotein E-deficient background. MiR-33b is prominent both in human and mice on atheroprone condition. MiR-33b reduced serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and systemic reverse cholesterol transport. MiR-33b knock-in macrophages showed less cholesterol efflux capacity and higher inflammatory state via regulating lipid rafts. Thus, miR-33b promotes vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque formation. Furthermore, bone marrow transplantation experiments strengthen proatherogenic roles of macrophage miR-33b. Conclusions- Our data demonstrated critical roles of SREBF1-miR-33b axis on both lipid profiles and macrophage phenotype remodeling and indicate that miR-33b is a promising target for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nishino
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Osamu Baba
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Naoya Sowa
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Hanada
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hitoo Nishi
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakazeki
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yuya Ide
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Manabu Nagata
- Neurosurgery (M.N., K.Y., Y.T., S.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Neurosurgery (M.N., K.Y., Y.T., S.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takagi
- Neurosurgery (M.N., K.Y., Y.T., S.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Japan (T.N.)
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.)
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Neurosurgery (M.N., K.Y., Y.T., S.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., N.S., R.H., Y.K., T.N., M.N., H.N., Y.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., T.K., K.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Jones PR, Rajalahti T, Resaland GK, Aadland E, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Bathen TF, Andreassen T, Kvalheim OM, Ekelund U. Associations of physical activity and sedentary time with lipoprotein subclasses in Norwegian schoolchildren: The Active Smarter Kids (ASK) study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 288:186-193. [PMID: 31200940 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Physical activity is favourably associated with certain markers of lipid metabolism. The relationship of physical activity with lipoprotein particle profiles in children is not known. Here we examine cross-sectional associations between objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with serum markers of lipoprotein metabolism. METHODS Our cohort included 880 children (49.0% girls, mean age 10.2 years). Physical activity intensity and time spent sedentary were measured objectively using accelerometers. 30 measures of lipoprotein metabolism were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, sexual maturity and socioeconomic status were used to determine associations of physical activity and sedentary time with lipoprotein measures. Additional models were adjusted for adiposity. Isotemporal substitution models quantified theoretical associations of replacing 30 min of sedentary time with 30 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). RESULTS Time spent in MVPA was associated with a favourable lipoprotein profile independent of sedentary time. There were inverse associations with a number of lipoprotein measures, including most apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein subclasses and triglyceride measures, the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol concentration. There were positive associations with larger HDL subclasses, HDL cholesterol concentration and particle size. Reallocating 30 min of sedentary time to MVPA had broadly similar associations. Sedentary time was only partly and weakly associated with an unfavourable lipoprotein profile. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity of at least moderate-intensity is associated with a favourable lipoprotein profile in schoolchildren, independent of time spent sedentary, adiposity and other confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Remy Jones
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tarja Rajalahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Førde Health Trust, Førde, Norway.
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway; Center for Health Research, Førde Central Hospital, Førde, Norway.
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Trygve Andreassen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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44
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Yamashita S, Masuda D, Matsuzawa Y. Clinical Applications of a Novel Selective PPARα Modulator, Pemafibrate, in Dyslipidemia and Metabolic Diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:389-402. [PMID: 30930344 PMCID: PMC6514171 DOI: 10.5551/jat.48918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Fibrates have been used to treat dyslipidemia, particularly hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). However, conventional fibrates have low selectivity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α. Fibrates' clinical use causes side effects such as worsening liver function and elevating the creatinine level. Large-scale clinical trials of fibrates have shown negative results for prevention of ASCVD. To overcome these issues, the concept of the selective PPARα modulator (SPPARMα), with a superior balance of efficacy and safety, has been proposed. A SPPARMα, pemafibrate (K-877), was synthesized by Kowa Company, Ltd. for better efficacy and safety. Clinical trials conducted in Japan confirmed the superior effects of pemafibrate on triglyceride reduction and HDL-C elevation. Conventional fibrates showed elevated liver function test values and worsened kidney function test values, while pemafibrate demonstrated improved liver function test values and was less likely to increase serum creatinine or decrease the estimated glomerular filtration rate. There were extremely few drug interactions even when it was used concomitantly with various statins. Furthermore, unlike many of the conventional fibrates that are renal excretory-type drugs, pemafibrate is excreted into the bile, so it can be safely used even in patients with impaired renal function and there is no increase in its blood concentration. This novel SPPARMα, pemafibrate, has superior benefit-risk balance compared to conventional fibrates and can be used for patients for whom it was difficult to use existing fibrates, including those who are taking statins and those with renal dysfunction. A large-scale trial PROMINENT using pemafibrate for patients with type 2 diabetes is in progress. In the current review, the latest data on pemafibrate will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuya Yamashita
- Department of Cardiology, Rinku General Medical Center.,Department of Community Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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45
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Afonso CB, Spickett CM. Lipoproteins as targets and markers of lipoxidation. Redox Biol 2018; 23:101066. [PMID: 30579928 PMCID: PMC6859580 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are essential systemic lipid transport particles, composed of apolipoproteins embedded in a phospholipid and cholesterol monolayer surrounding a cargo of diverse lipid species. Many of the lipids present are susceptible to oxidative damage by lipid peroxidation, giving rise to the formation of reactive lipid peroxidation products (rLPPs). In view of the close proximity of the protein and lipid moieties within lipoproteins, the probability of adduct formation between rLPPs and amino acid residues of the proteins, a process called lipoxidation, is high. There has been interest for many years in the biological effects of such modifications, but the field has been limited to some extent by the availability of methods to determine the sites and exact nature of such modification. More recently, the availability of a wide range of antibodies to lipoxidation products, as well as advances in analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS), have increased our knowledge substantially. While most work has focused on LDL, oxidation of which has long been associated with pro-inflammatory responses and atherosclerosis, some studies on HDL, VLDL and Lipoprotein(a) have also been reported. As the broader topic of LDL oxidation has been reviewed previously, this review focuses on lipoxidative modifications of lipoproteins, from the historical background through to recent advances in the field. We consider the main methods of analysis for detecting rLPP adducts on apolipoproteins, including their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the biological effects of lipoxidized lipoproteins and their potential roles in diseases. Lipoproteins can be modified by reactive Lipid Peroxidation Products (rLPPs). Lipoprotein lipoxidation is known to occur in several inflammatory diseases. Biochemical, immunochemical and mass spectrometry methods can detect rLPP adducts. Due to higher information output, MS can facilitate localization of modifications. Antibodies against some rLPPs have been used to identify lipoxidation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina B Afonso
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Corinne M Spickett
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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46
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ChREBP Reciprocally Regulates Liver and Plasma Triacylglycerol Levels in Different Manners. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111699. [PMID: 30405056 PMCID: PMC6266805 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) has an important role in the carbohydrate-mediated regulation of hepatic de novo lipogenesis, but the mechanism for how it regulates plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) levels has not been established. This study aimed to clarify the role of ChREBP in regulation of plasma TAG levels. We analyzed the metabolic changes in mice infected with an adenovirus expressing ChREBP Δ196 (Ad-ChREBP). Compared with adenovirus harboring green fluorescent protein infected mice, Ad-ChREBP-infected mice had higher plasma free fatty acid levels and paradoxically lower plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate levels through decreased fatty acid oxidation, rather than ketogenesis. Consistent with their hepatomegaly and increased lipogenic gene expression, the liver TAG contents were much higher. Regarding lipid composition, C16:0 was much lower and C18:1n-9 was much higher, compatible with increased stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 and ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 expression. Furthermore, Ad-ChREBP-infected mice had decreased plasma TAG and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TAG levels, consistent with decreased Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (Angptl3) and increased fibroblast growth factor (Fgf21) mRNA and protein levels. Finally, Ad-ChREBP infection increased white adipose tissue Ucp1 mRNA levels with increased plasma Fgf21 levels. Because Fgf21 and Angptl3 are known to activate and suppress lipolysis in adipose tissues and oxidative tissues, ChREBP appears to regulate plasma TAG levels by modulating Fgf21 and Angptl3 levels. Thus, ChREBP overexpression led to dissociation of hepatic steatosis from hyperlipidemia.
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47
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Igarashi M, Watanabe K, Tsuduki T, Kimura I, Kubota N. NAPE-PLD controls OEA synthesis and fat absorption by regulating lipoprotein synthesis in an in vitro model of intestinal epithelial cells. FASEB J 2018; 33:3167-3179. [PMID: 30399323 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801408r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a fatty acid ethanolamide (FAE), is a lipid mediator that controls food intake and lipid metabolism. Accumulating data imply the importance of intestinal OEA in controlling satiety in addition to gastrointestinal peptide hormones. Although the biochemical pathway of FAE production has been illustrated, the enzymes responsible for the cleavage of OEA from its precursor N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) must be identified among reported candidates in the gut. In this study, we assessed the involvement of NAPE-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), which can directly release FAEs from NAPE, in intestinal OEA synthesis and lipid metabolism. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPER-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated deletion of the NAPE-PLD gene in intestinal epithelial-like Caco-2 cells reduced OEA levels, regardless of their differentiation states. Transcriptome analysis revealed that deletion of NAPE-PLD activates a transcriptional program for nutrient transportation, including lipids and lipoproteins, and inactivates cell-cycle or mitosis-related genes in Caco-2 cells. In addition, the basolateral secretion of lipoproteins was increased in NAPE-PLD-deleted cells although lipoprotein size was not affected. By contrast, cellular lipid levels were reduced in NAPE-PLD-deleted cells. Overall, these results indicate that NAPE-PLD plays important roles in OEA synthesis and fat absorption by regulating lipoprotein production in the intestinal epithelial cells.-Igarashi, M., Watanabe, K., Tsuduki, T., Kimura, I., Kubota, N. NAPE-PLD controls OEA synthesis and fat absorption by regulating lipoprotein synthesis in an in vitro model of intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Igarashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Tsuduki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustries, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan; and.,Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Abstract
The regulation of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion plays an important role in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia and fatty liver diseases. VLDL is controlled by hepatic microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP). Mttp is regulated by carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and small heterodimer partner (SHP). However, it is unclear whether both coordinately regulate Mttp expression and VLDL secretion. Here, adenoviral overexpression of ChREBP and SHP in rat primary hepatocytes induced and suppressed Mttp mRNA, respectively. However, Mttp induction by ChREBP was much more potent than suppression by SHP. Promoter assays of Mttp and the liver type pyruvate kinase gene revealed that SHP and ChREBP did not affect the transcriptional activity of each other. Mttp mRNA and protein levels of Shp−/− mice were similar to those of wild-types; however, those of Chrebp−/−Shp−/− and Chrebp−/− mice were significantly much lower. Consistent with this, the VLDL particle number and VLDL secretion rates in Shp−/− mice were similar to wild-types but were much lower in Chrebp−/− and Chrebp−/−Shp−/− mice. These findings suggest that ChREBP, rather than SHP, regulates VLDL secretion under normal conditions and that ChREBP and SHP do not affect the transcriptional activities of each other.
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49
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Konishi T, Takahashi Y. Lipoproteins comprise at least 10 different classes in rats, each of which contains a unique set of proteins as the primary component. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192955. [PMID: 29462161 PMCID: PMC5819787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although lipoproteins are conventionally separated into a few classes using density gradient centrifugation, there may be a much higher number of physical classes that differ in origin or phase. Comprehensive knowledge of the classes of lipoproteins is rather limited, which hinders both the study of their functions and the identification of the primary causes of related diseases. This study aims to determine the number of classes of lipoproteins that can be practically distinguishable and identify the differences between them. We separated rat serum samples by gel filtration. The elution was continuously monitored for triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and protein, and fractionated for further SDS–PAGE and immunological detection of apoprotein A-I (ApoA1) and apoprotein B (ApoB). The elution patterns were analyzed using a parsimonious method, i.e., the estimation of the least number of classes. Ten classes were recognized that contained different amounts of TG and cholesterol, as well as a unique protein content. Each of the classes contained much more protein than that observed previously, especially in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) classes. In particular, two major antiproteases formed complexes with specific classes of LDL; because these classes exclusively carry cholesterol and antiproteases, they may lead to the progression of atheroma by supplying materials that enlarge fatty streaks and protecting thrombi from enzymatic digestion. The separated classes may have specific biological functions. The attribution of protein species to certain classes will help understand the functions. A distinction among lipoprotein classes may provide important information in the field of vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Konishi
- Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoko Takahashi
- Division of Food Function Research, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Particle number analysis of lipoprotein subclasses by gel permeation HPLC in patients with cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190875. [PMID: 29304079 PMCID: PMC5755928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We previously reported that patients with cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) deficiency (CETP-D) have a higher prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, in spite of increased HDL-C levels. However, characterization of HDL in CETP-D has not been well described. Therefore, we examined HDL particle number (PN) rather than HDL-C level. Approach and results Nine patients with CETP-D and 9 normolipidemic subjects were enrolled. We performed gel permeation high-performance liquid chromatography (GP-HPLC) analysis, determined the cholesterol and triglyceride composition of all lipoprotein subclasses, and calculated the PN of each subclass, which consisted of 3 VLDL (large, medium, and small), 4 LDL (large, medium, small, and very small), and 5 HDL (very large, large, medium, small, and very small) subclasses. The PNs of large and medium LDL were significantly lower in CETP-D than that in healthy subjects (0.66- and 0.63-fold decrease, respectively; p<0.001), whereas the PN of very small LDL, which is known to be atherogenic, was significantly higher (1.36-fold increase, p = 0.016). The PNs of very large and large HDL in CETP-D were markedly higher than that in healthy subjects (19.9- and 4.5-fold increase, respectively; p<0.001), whereas the PNs of small and very small HDL, which have more potent anti-atherogenic functions, were significantly lower (0.76- and 0.61-fold decrease, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusion We have assessed the PNs of detailed subclasses of patients with CETP-D for the first time. The PN of larger HDL was markedly increased, that of smaller HDL was decreased, and that of very small LDL was increased, suggesting that CETP-D has pro-atherogenic lipoprotein properties.
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