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Crouse JJ, Park SH, Byrne EM, Mitchell BL, Chan K, Scott J, Medland SE, Martin NG, Wray NR, Hickie IB. Evening Chronotypes With Depression Report Poorer Outcomes of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: A Survey-Based Study of Self-Ratings. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:4-14. [PMID: 38185236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary evidence suggests that evening chronotype is related to poorer efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. It is unknown whether this is specific to particular medications, self-rated chronotype, or efficacy. METHODS In the Australian Genetics of Depression Study (n = 15,108; 75% women; 18-90 years; 68% with ≥1 other lifetime diagnosis), a survey recorded experiences with 10 antidepressants, and the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was used to estimate chronotype. A chronotype polygenic score was calculated. Age- and sex-adjusted regression models (Bonferroni-corrected) estimated associations among antidepressant variables (how well the antidepressant worked [efficacy], duration of symptom improvement, side effects, discontinuation due to side effects) and self-rated and genetic chronotypes. RESULTS The chronotype polygenic score explained 4% of the variance in self-rated chronotype (r = 0.21). Higher self-rated eveningness was associated with poorer efficacy of escitalopram (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.06; p = .000035), citalopram (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05; p = .004), fluoxetine (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05; p = .001), sertraline (OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.04; p = .0008), and desvenlafaxine (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05; p = .004), and a profile of increased side effects (80% of those recorded; ORs = 0.93-0.98), with difficulty getting to sleep the most common. Self-rated chronotype was unrelated to duration of improvement or discontinuation. The chronotype polygenic score was only associated with suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide (self-reported). While our measures are imperfect, and not of circadian phase under controlled conditions, the model coefficients suggest that dysregulation of the phenotypic chronotype relative to its genetic proxy drove relationships with antidepressant outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The idea that variation in circadian factors influences response to antidepressants was supported and encourages exploration of circadian mechanisms of depressive disorders and antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Crouse
- Brain and Mind Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Shin Ho Park
- Brain and Mind Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Enda M Byrne
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Child Health Research Centre, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brittany L Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karina Chan
- Brain and Mind Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jan Scott
- Brain and Mind Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Asarnow LD, Mirchandaney R. Sleep and Mood Disorders Among Youth. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2024; 47:255-272. [PMID: 38302210 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This article reviews the literature on mood disorders and sleep disorders among children and adolescents. Research suggests that sleep plays an important role in the development, progression, and maintenance of mood disorder symptoms among children and adolescents. Sleep problems as early as maternal perinatal insomnia may predict and predate depression among youth. Children and adolescents who develop comorbid mood disorders and sleep problems represent a particularly high-risk group with more severe mood episode symptoms, higher rates of self-harm and suicidality, and less responsivity to treatment. Treatment research supports the idea that sleep problems can be improved through behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Asarnow
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Parnassus Avenue, RM LP-A307, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Riya Mirchandaney
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Parnassus Avenue, RM LP-A307, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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3
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Dollish HK, Tsyglakova M, McClung CA. Circadian rhythms and mood disorders: Time to see the light. Neuron 2024; 112:25-40. [PMID: 37858331 PMCID: PMC10842077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The importance of time is ever prevalent in our world, and disruptions to the normal light/dark and sleep/wake cycle have now become the norm rather than the exception for a large part of it. All mood disorders, including seasonal affective disorder (SAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD), are strongly associated with abnormal sleep and circadian rhythms in a variety of physiological processes. Environmental disruptions to normal sleep/wake patterns, light/dark changes, and seasonal changes can precipitate episodes. Moreover, treatments that target the circadian system have proven to be therapeutic in certain cases. This review will summarize much of our current knowledge of how these disorders associate with specific circadian phenotypes, as well as the neuronal mechanisms that link the circadian clock with mood regulation. We also discuss what has been learned from therapies that target circadian rhythms and how we may use current knowledge to develop more individually designed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Dollish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mariya Tsyglakova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 223, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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4
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Cheung FTW, Li X, Hui TK, Chan NY, Chan JW, Wing YK, Li SX. Circadian preference and mental health outcomes in youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 72:101851. [PMID: 37793219 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Youth is a vulnerable developmental period associated with an increased preference for eveningness and risk for developing psychopathology. Growing evidence suggests a link between eveningness and poorer mental health outcomes, but the findings in the current literature are inconsistent, and a comprehensive synthesis of evidence in this area remains lacking. This meta-analysis aimed to 1) synthesise the existing evidence on the association between circadian preference and mental health outcomes in youths and 2) explore potential sleep-related factors that may moderate the relationship between circadian preference and mental health outcomes. A systematic search of five electronic databases resulted in 81 observational studies included in the review. Eveningness was found to be significantly associated with general mental health (r = 0.20), mood-related disturbances (r = 0.17), and anxiety problems (r = 0.13). The qualitative review also identified that eveningness was associated with greater risks for psychotic symptoms and maladaptive eating behaviours. These findings highlighted the need to consider circadian preference in the clinical management of youth mental health problems. Further research is needed to examine the efficacy of a circadian-focused intervention in the context of youth mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Tin Wai Cheung
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Xiao Li
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz Kwan Hui
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joey Wy Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shirley Xin Li
- Sleep Research Clinic and Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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5
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Asarnow LD, Soehner A, Dolsen E, Dong L, Harvey AG. Report from a randomized control trial: improved alignment between circadian biology and sleep-wake behavior as a mechanism of depression symptom improvement in evening-type adolescents with depressive symptoms. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:1652-1664. [PMID: 37589403 PMCID: PMC10840628 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES An evening circadian preference is common among adolescents. It is characterized by a behavioral predilection for later sleep and wake timing and is associated with higher rates of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The present study aims to (a) test the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral sleep intervention (Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention; TranS-C) in a sample of adolescents with an evening circadian preference and clinically significant depressive symptoms and (b) evaluate improved alignment between circadian biology and sleep-wake behavior as a potential mechanism in the relationship between sleep and depression symptom improvement. METHODS Adolescents with an evening circadian preference and clinically significant depressive symptoms were randomized to receive TranS-C (n = 24) or a psychoeducation condition (PE; n = 18). Alignment between circadian biology and sleep-wake behavior was measured using objective biological measurement. Measures of sleep and circadian rhythm were taken at pre- and posttreatment, and depression symptoms were measured at pre- and posttreatment and 6- and 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Mixed effects modeling revealed that compared with an active control condition, TranS-C resulted in a significant reduction in MDD severity at 12-month follow-up. A MacArthur mediation analysis conducted to explore alignment between circadian biology and sleep-wake behavior as a mediator of depression severity reduction through 12-month follow-up revealed a significant interaction between change in alignment between circadian biology and sleep-wake behavior and treatment arm, indicating that improved alignment between circadian biology and sleep-wake behavior at posttreatment was associated with improvements in depression outcomes at 12-month follow-up under the treatment condition. CONCLUSIONS These results provide novel evidence for improved alignment between circadian biology and sleep-wake behavior as a specific mechanism of depression improvement, provide key clues into the complex relationship between sleep and depression, and have significant clinical implications for adolescents with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D. Asarnow
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science
| | - Adriane Soehner
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science
| | - Emily Dolsen
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science
- Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Francisco VA Healthcare System
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6
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Zhang J, Wu Z, Tao H, Chen M, Yu M, Zhou L, Sun M, Lv D, Cui G, Yi Q, Tang H, An C, Liu Z, Huang X, Long Y. Profile and mental health characterization of childhood overprotection/overcontrol experiences among Chinese university students: a nationwide survey. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1238254. [PMID: 37908593 PMCID: PMC10614290 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1238254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The childhood experiences of being overprotected and overcontrolled by family members have been suggested to be potentially traumatic. However, the possible associated factors of these experiences among young people are still not well studied. This study aimed to partly fill such gaps by a relatively large, nationwide survey of Chinese university students. Methods A total of 5,823 university students across nine different provinces in China were included by the convenience sampling method in the data analyses. All participants completed the overprotection/overcontrol (OP/OC) subscale in a recently developed 33-item childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ- 33). Data were also collected on all participants' socio-demographic profiles and characterization of mental health. Binary logistic regression was conducted to investigate the associated socio-demographic and psychological factors of OP/ OC. Results The prevalence of childhood OP/OC was estimated as 15.63% (910/5,823) based on a cutoff OP/OC subscale score of ≥ 13. Binary logistic regression suggested that being male, being a single child, having depression, having psychotic-like experiences, lower family functioning, and lower psychological resilience were independently associated with childhood OP/OC experiences (all corrected-p < 0.05). The OP/OC was also positively associated with all the other trauma subtypes (abuses and neglects) in the CTQ-33, while there are both shared and unique associated factors between the OP/OC and other trauma subtypes. Post-hoc analyses suggested that OP/OC experiences were associated with depression in only females and associated with anxiety in only males. Discussion Our results may provide initial evidence that childhood OP/OC experiences would have negative effects on young people's mental health which merits further investigations, especially in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haojuan Tao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Miaoyu Yu
- Department of Mental Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Social Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Social Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Lv
- Department of Mental Health Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, The Affiliated Mental Center of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guangcheng Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qizhong Yi
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Psychological Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cuixia An
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yicheng Long
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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7
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Lin WC, Winkelman JW. Insomnia and treatment-resistant depression. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 281:115-129. [PMID: 37806712 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Depression and sleep disturbance are related closely with bidirectional relationship. The heterogenic diagnostic criteria of major depressive disorder composed by the myriad combination of symptoms including sleep disturbance. Insomnia is an identifiable risk factor for depression and the treatment of insomnia might be able to prevent subsequent major depressive episodes which draws psychiatrists' attention to the interface of psychiatry and sleep medicine field. It is important to identify occult sleep disturbance in patients with treatment-resistant depression to improve treatment outcome. New tools to objectively measure sleep at home environment represent a great march in clinical care and research modalities but need further validation before they can be applying widespread at sleep and depression intersection. Careful evaluation and measurement of the phenotype and nature of sleep disturbance will continue to advance understanding of the biological bases of psychiatric disorders and the connections with sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - John Weyl Winkelman
- Sleep Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Sleep Disorders Clinical Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is increasing interest in the connection between sleep disturbances and mood disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize and evaluate current research on the role of sleep disturbance in the development of depression, as well as to describe recent advances in treatments that improve both sleep and depression symptoms. RECENT FINDINGS Relevant publications included in this review cover a wide range of topics related to sleep and depression. Data from large longitudinal studies suggest that insomnia and evening circadian preference are unique risk factors for depression. Depression treatment studies indicate poorer outcomes for those with comorbid sleep disturbances. A few recent trials of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and triple chronotherapy in unipolar depression have shown promising results. SUMMARY Sleep disturbance is a modifiable risk factor in the development and maintenance of depression. In the context of current depression, although the data is mixed, some evidence suggests treating sleep disturbance can improve overall outcomes. Recent evidence also suggests that treating sleep disturbance may prevent the future depressive episodes.
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Lampinen LA, Zheng S, Taylor JL, Adams RE, Pezzimenti F, Asarnow LD, Bishop SL. Patterns of sleep disturbances and associations with depressive symptoms in autistic young adults. Autism Res 2022; 15:2126-2137. [PMID: 36082844 PMCID: PMC9677950 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autistic individuals are at an increased risk for both sleep disturbances and depression. While studies in the general population and in autistic adults have drawn general links between sleep disturbances and mental health, few studies have examined the extent to which specific sleep problems may be implicated in the extremely high rates of depression among autistic adults. This study aimed to describe the patterns of sleep disturbances in autistic young adults, and their associations with depressive symptoms while controlling for relevant demographic factors. A sample of 304 legally independent adults (age 18-35 years old) with a childhood diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder self-reported on their average sleep behaviors during the past week and depressive symptoms on the Beck Depressive Inventory-II. A significant proportion (86.01%) of autistic young adults experienced at least one of the primary sleep disturbances of interest, including short total sleep time (39.59%), poor sleep efficiency (60.07%), and delayed sleep phase (36.18%). Additionally, lower sleep efficiency and delayed sleep phase were both associated with higher depressive symptoms. The associations between sleep and depressive symptoms identified in our study suggest that sleep treatments may hold potential for ameliorating depressive symptoms in autistic adults who also experience sleep problems. Further research using daily sleep diaries and objective measures of sleep behaviors, as well as longitudinal studies, are needed to understand how changes in sleep may relate to changes in depressive symptoms in autistic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea A Lampinen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shuting Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julie Lounds Taylor
- Department of General Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center. One Magnolia Circle, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ryan E Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Florencia Pezzimenti
- Department of General Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center. One Magnolia Circle, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lauren D Asarnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Somer L Bishop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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10
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Liu D, Liu X, Long Y, Xiang Z, Wu Z, Liu Z, Bian D, Tang S. Problematic smartphone use is associated with differences in static and dynamic brain functional connectivity in young adults. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1010488. [PMID: 36340758 PMCID: PMC9635624 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1010488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the possible associations between problematic smartphone use and brain functions in terms of both static and dynamic functional connectivity patterns. Materials and methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were scanned from 53 young healthy adults, all of whom completed the Short Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV) to assess their problematic smartphone use severity. Both static and dynamic functional brain network measures were evaluated for each participant. The brain network measures were correlated the SAS-SV scores, and compared between participants with and without a problematic smartphone use after adjusting for sex, age, education, and head motion. Results Two participants were excluded because of excessive head motion, and 56.9% (29/51) of the final analyzed participants were found to have a problematic smartphone use (SAS-SV scores ≥ 31 for males and ≥ 33 for females, as proposed in prior research). At the global network level, the SAS-SV score was found to be significantly positively correlated with the global efficiency and local efficiency of static brain networks, and negatively correlated with the temporal variability using the dynamic brain network model. Large-scale subnetwork analyses indicated that a higher SAS-SV score was significantly associated with higher strengths of static functional connectivity within the frontoparietal and cinguloopercular subnetworks, as well as a lower temporal variability of dynamic functional connectivity patterns within the attention subnetwork. However, no significant differences were found when directly comparing between the groups of participants with and without a problematic smartphone use. Conclusion Our results suggested that problematic smartphone use is associated with differences in both the static and dynamic brain network organizations in young adults. These findings may help to identify at-risk population for smartphone addiction and guide targeted interventions for further research. Nevertheless, it might be necessary to confirm our findings in a larger sample, and to investigate if a more applicable SAS-SV cutoff point is required for defining problematic smartphone use in young Chinese adults nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayi Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yicheng Long
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhibiao Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dujun Bian
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shixiong Tang
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Faaland P, Vedaa Ø, Langsrud K, Sivertsen B, Lydersen S, Vestergaard CL, Kjørstad K, Vethe D, Ritterband LM, Harvey AG, Stiles TC, Scott J, Kallestad H. Digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I): Chronotype moderation on intervention outcomes. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13572. [PMID: 35224810 PMCID: PMC9787033 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Using data from 1721 participants in a community-based randomized control trial of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia compared with patient education, we employed linear mixed modelling analyses to examine whether chronotype moderated the benefits of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on self-reported levels of insomnia severity, fatigue and psychological distress. Baseline self-ratings on the reduced version of the Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire were used to categorize the sample into three chronotypes: morning type (n = 345; 20%); intermediate type (n = 843; 49%); and evening type (n = 524; 30%). Insomnia Severity Index, Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were assessed pre- and post-intervention (9 weeks). For individuals with self-reported morning or intermediate chronotypes, digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia was superior to patient education on all ratings (Insomnia Severity Index, Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) at follow-up (p-values ≤ 0.05). For individuals with self-reported evening chronotype, digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia was superior to patient education for Insomnia Severity Index and Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, but not on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (p = 0.139). There were significant differences in the treatment effects between the three chronotypes on the Insomnia Severity Index (p = 0.023) estimated difference between evening and morning type of -1.70, 95% confidence interval: -2.96 to -0.45, p = 0.008, and estimated difference between evening and intermediate type -1.53, 95% confidence interval: -3.04 to -0.03, p = 0.046. There were no significant differences in the treatment effects between the three chronotypes on the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (p = 0.488) or the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (p = 0.536). We conclude that self-reported chronotype moderates the effects of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on insomnia severity, but not on psychological distress or fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Faaland
- Department of Mental HealthNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,St Olavs University Hospital, ØstmarkaTrondheimNorway
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Mental HealthNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,Department of Health PromotionNorwegian Institute of Public HealthBergenNorway,Voss District Psychiatric HospitalNKS BjørkeliVossNorway,Department of Research and DevelopmentSt Olavs University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Knut Langsrud
- St Olavs University Hospital, ØstmarkaTrondheimNorway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Mental HealthNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,Department of Health PromotionNorwegian Institute of Public HealthBergenNorway,Department of Research and InnovationFonna Health TrustHaugesundNorway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Department of Mental HealthRegional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child WelfareNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Cecilie L. Vestergaard
- Department of Mental HealthNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,St Olavs University Hospital, ØstmarkaTrondheimNorway
| | - Kaia Kjørstad
- Department of Mental HealthNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,St Olavs University Hospital, ØstmarkaTrondheimNorway
| | - Daniel Vethe
- Department of Mental HealthNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,St Olavs University Hospital, ØstmarkaTrondheimNorway
| | - Lee M. Ritterband
- Center for Behavioral Health and TechnologyDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Allison G. Harvey
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tore C. Stiles
- Department of PsychologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyNorway
| | - Jan Scott
- Department of Mental HealthNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,University of NewcastleNewcastleUK
| | - Håvard Kallestad
- Department of Mental HealthNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway,St Olavs University Hospital, ØstmarkaTrondheimNorway
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Jiang J, Wang D, Scherffius A, Chen D, Ma Z, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Fan F. The Association Between Morningness-Eveningness Preference, Depression, Anxiety and Insomnia Among Chinese Textile Workers With or Without Shift Work. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:915476. [PMID: 35845469 PMCID: PMC9279731 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.915476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circadian preference and mental health disorders are closely related to insomnia. This study aimed to evaluate insomnia symptoms in textile factory workers with different work schedules, and to investigate the association between insomnia, morningness-eveningness preference, anxiety, and depression. METHODS A total of 3,883 textile workers were assessed using the 3-items of Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Composite Scale of Morningness, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, and socio-demographic questionnaires. RESULTS The prevalence rate of insomnia in textile workers was 16.7% (N = 646), with 49.8% (N = 322) were shift workers. Among shift workers (N = 1,833), 9.5% had difficulty initiating sleep, and almost 9.0% suffered from early morning awakening, a rate significantly higher than among daytime workers. Logistics regressions revealed that work schedule was insignificantly associated with insomnia. Depression (OR = 1.034, 95% CI = 1.022-1.046) and anxiety (OR = 1.031, 95% CI = 1.018-1.043) positively predicted insomnia, whereas morningness preference (OR = 0.977, 95% CI = 0.960-0.995) decreased the likelihood of insomnia. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed that both anxiety and depression independently mediated the association between circadian preferences and insomnia in textile workers with or without shift work. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the insomnia, depression, and anxiety of textile factory workers in a Chinese textile factory. To improve insomnia symptoms, interventions to promote morningness circadian preference and reduce depressive and anxious symptoms among workers are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Jiang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew Scherffius
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Dingxuan Chen
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Mirchandaney R, Barete R, Asarnow LD. Moderators of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia on Depression and Anxiety Outcomes. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:121-128. [PMID: 35061137 PMCID: PMC8948126 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With a focus on reviewing adequately powered randomized controlled trials, we present recent research on the potential of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) to improve depression and anxiety outcomes among patients with insomnia and one of the following comorbid psychiatric disorders: major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We also examine potential moderators of CBT-I on depression and anxiety outcomes in this population. RECENT FINDINGS Despite high comorbidity rates, current behavioral and pharmacological treatments for MDD, GAD, and PTSD do not substantially target or improve insomnia symptoms; residual insomnia is exceedingly common even among patients who experience remission. Insomnia plays a critical role in the onset and maintenance of depression and anxiety, and treating insomnia with CBT-I may improve global outcomes for patients with MDD, GAD, and PTSD. CBT-I is superior to traditional depression/anxiety treatment in improving insomnia symptoms among patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Results are mixed on whether CBT-I (either alone or augmented with depression/anxiety treatment) is effective in improving overall MDD, GAD, and PTSD outcomes. Evening circadian preference and depression/anxiety symptom severity may moderate the effect of CBT-I on depression and anxiety outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Mirchandaney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Raul Barete
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Lauren D. Asarnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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Abstract
Sleep disturbances and depression are closely linked and share a bidirectional relationship. These interconnections can inform the pathophysiology underlying each condition. Insomnia is an established and modifiable risk factor for depression, the treatment of which offers the critical opportunity to prevent major depressive episodes, a paradigm-shifting model for psychiatry. Identification of occult sleep disorders may also improve outcomes in treatment-resistant depression. Sleep alterations and manipulations may additionally clarify the mechanisms that underlie rapid-acting antidepressant therapies. Both sleep disturbance and depression are heterogeneous processes, and evolving standards in psychiatric research that consider the transdiagnostic components of each are more likely to lead to translational progress at their nexus. Emerging tools to objectively quantify sleep and its disturbances in the home environment offer great potential to advance clinical care and research, but nascent technologies require further advances and validation prior to widespread application at the interface of sleep and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Plante
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
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15
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Diurnal preference and depressive symptomatology: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12003. [PMID: 34099766 PMCID: PMC8184740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eveningness, a preference for later sleep and rise times, has been associated with a number of negative outcomes in terms of both physical and mental health. A large body of evidence links eveningness to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, to date, evidence quantifying this association is limited. The current meta-analysis included 43 effect sizes from a total 27,996 participants. Using a random-effects model it was demonstrated that eveningness is associated with a small effect size (Fisher's Z = - 2.4, 95% CI [- 0.27. - 0.21], p < 0.001). Substantial heterogeneity between studies was observed, with meta-regression analyses demonstrating a significant effect of mean age on the association between diurnal preference and depression. There was also evidence of potential publication bias as assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger's test. The association between diurnal preference and depression is small in magnitude and heterogenous. A better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings linking diurnal preference to depression and suitably powered prospective studies that allow causal inference are required.
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Abstract
This article reviews the literature on mood disorders and sleep disorders among children and adolescents. Research suggests that sleep plays an important role in the development, progression, and maintenance of mood disorder symptoms among children and adolescents. Sleep problems as early as maternal perinatal insomnia may predict and predate depression among youth. Children and adolescents who develop comorbid mood disorders and sleep problems represent a particularly high-risk group with more severe mood episode symptoms, higher rates of self-harm and suicidality, and less responsivity to treatment. Treatment research supports the idea that sleep problems can be improved through behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Asarnow
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Parnassus Avenue, RM LP-A307, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Riya Mirchandaney
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Parnassus Avenue, RM LP-A307, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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17
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Chan NY, Zhang J, Tsang CC, Li AM, Chan JWY, Wing YK, Li SX. The associations of insomnia symptoms and chronotype with daytime sleepiness, mood symptoms and suicide risk in adolescents. Sleep Med 2020; 74:124-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kang SG, Cho SE. Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Predicting Treatment Response and Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062148. [PMID: 32245086 PMCID: PMC7139562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute treatment duration for major depressive disorder (MDD) is 8 weeks or more. Treatment of patients with MDD without predictors of treatment response and future recurrence presents challenges and clinical problems to patients and physicians. Recently, many neuroimaging studies have been published on biomarkers for treatment response and recurrence of MDD using various methods such as brain volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (resting-state and affective tasks), diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, and molecular imaging (i.e., positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography). The results have been inconsistent, and we hypothesize that this could be due to small sample size; different study design, including eligibility criteria; and differences in the imaging and analysis techniques. In the future, we suggest a more sophisticated research design, larger sample size, and a more comprehensive integration including genetics to establish biomarkers for the prediction of treatment response and recurrence of MDD.
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Manber R. The power of pooled analyses to inform about the effects of CBTI on outcomes beyond sleep. Sleep Med Rev 2019; 43:131-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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