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Lu W, Zhao X, Sheng J, Zhao X, Tang Q, Zhang H, Feng Y, Niu Y. Hip circumference has independent association with the risk of hyperuricemia in middle-aged but not in older male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr J 2023; 22:45. [PMID: 37736731 PMCID: PMC10515053 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are risk factors for hyperuricemia. However, which anthropometric indices can better predict incident hyperuricemia in patients with T2DM remains inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the associations between hyperuricemia and different anthropometric indices in middle-aged and older male patients with T2DM. METHODS In this retrospective study, a total of 1447 middle-aged (45-65 years, n = 791) and older (≥ 65 years, n = 656) male patients with T2DM were collected from December 2015 to January 2020 at Shanghai Xinhua Hospital. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid level above 7.0 mg/dL. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were measured by trained nurses at visit. RESULTS The median uric acid level of subjects was 5.6 (interquartile ranges: 4.7-6.7) mg/dl, and 279 (19.3%) were hyperuricemia, with 146 (18.5%) in the middle-aged group, and 133 (20.3%) in the older group. After adjusting for age, duration of T2DM, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment-β, aspartate aminotransferase, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and estimated glomerular filtration rate, body mass index (BMI), WC, HC, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were associated with a higher risk of hyperuricemia in both middle-aged and older group (P < 0.05). After further adjusting for BMI and WC, HC still showed a positive relationship with the risk of hyperuricemia (Odds Ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence intervals: 1.06-2.14) in the middle-aged group, but such relationship was not found in the older group. Moreover, according to receiver operating characteristic analysis, the optimal cutoff value was 101.3 cm of HC for hyperuricemia screening in the middle-aged male patients with T2DM. CONCLUSION In middle-aged male patients with T2DM, more attention should be paid to HC with the cutoff value of 101.3 cm in clinical practice for early recognition of individuals with a high risk of hyperuricemia for targeted guidance on disease prevention, such as community screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jinye Sheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qingya Tang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Niu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Flack KD, Vítek L, Fry CS, Stec DE, Hinds TD. Cutting edge concepts: Does bilirubin enhance exercise performance? Front Sports Act Living 2023; 4:1040687. [PMID: 36713945 PMCID: PMC9874874 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1040687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise performance is dependent on many factors, such as muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular capacity, liver health, and metabolic flexibility. Recent studies show that plasma levels of bilirubin, which has classically been viewed as a liver dysfunction biomarker, are elevated by exercise training and that elite athletes may have significantly higher levels. Other studies have shown higher plasma bilirubin levels in athletes and active individuals compared to general, sedentary populations. The reason for these adaptions is unclear, but it could be related to bilirubin's antioxidant properties in response to a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that originates from mitochondria during exercise. However, the mechanisms of these are unknown. Current research has re-defined bilirubin as a metabolic hormone that interacts with nuclear receptors to drive gene transcription, which reduces body weight. Bilirubin has been shown to reduce adiposity and improve the cardiovascular system, which might be related to the adaption of bilirubin increasing during exercise. No studies have directly tested if elevating bilirubin levels can influence athletic performance. However, based on the mechanisms proposed in the present review, this seems plausible and an area to consider for future studies. Here, we discuss the importance of bilirubin and exercise and how the combination might improve metabolic health outcomes and possibly athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Flack
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,Correspondence: Kyle D. Flack Terry D. Hinds
| | - Libor Vítek
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States,Correspondence: Kyle D. Flack Terry D. Hinds
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AlMuraikhy S, Anwardeen N, Naeem A, Sellami M, Domling A, Agouni A, Elrayess MA. Comparing the Metabolic Profiles Associated with Fitness Status between Insulin-Sensitive and Insulin-Resistant Non-Obese Individuals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912169. [PMID: 36231474 PMCID: PMC9564877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Young non-obese insulin-resistant (IR) individuals could be at risk of developing metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus. The protective effect of physical activity in this apparently healthy group is expected but not well characterized. In this study, clinically relevant metabolic profiles were determined and compared among active and sedentary insulin-sensitive (IS) and IR young non-obese individuals. (2) Methods: Data obtained from Qatar Biobank for 2110 young (20-30 years old) non-obese (BMI ≤ 30) healthy participants were divided into four groups, insulin-sensitive active (ISA, 30.7%), insulin-sensitive sedentary (ISS, 21.4%), insulin-resistant active (IRA, 20%), and insulin-resistant sedentary (IRS, 23.3%), using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and physical activity questionnaires. The effect of physical activity on 66 clinically relevant biochemical tests was compared among the four groups using linear models. (3) Results: Overall, non-obese IR participants had significantly (p ≤ 0.001) worse vital signs, blood sugar profiles, inflammatory markers, liver function, lipid profiles, and vitamin D levels than their IS counterparts. Physical activity was positively associated with left handgrip (p ≤ 0.01) and levels of creatine kinase (p ≤ 0.001) and creatine kinase-2 (p ≤ 0.001) in both IS and IR subjects. Furthermore, physical activity was positively associated with levels of creatinine (p ≤ 0.01) and total vitamin D (p = 0.006) in the IR group and AST (p = 0.001), folate (p = 0.001), and hematocrit (p = 0.007) in the IS group. Conversely, physical inactivity was negatively associated with the white blood cell count (p = 0.001) and an absolute number of lymphocytes (p = 0.003) in the IR subjects and with triglycerides (p = 0.005) and GGT-2 (p ≤ 0.001) in the IS counterparts. (4) Conclusions: An independent effect of moderate physical activity was observed in non-obese apparently healthy individuals a with different HOMA-IR index. The effect was marked by an improved health profile including higher vitamin D and lower inflammatory markers in IRA compared to IRS, and a higher oxygen carrying capacity and lipid profile in ISA compared to the ISS counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamma AlMuraikhy
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Najeha Anwardeen
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Aisha Naeem
- Ministry of Public Health, Doha P.O. Box 42, Qatar
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Alexander Domling
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Drug Design, Groningen University, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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4
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Woronyczová J, Nováková M, Leníček M, Bátovský M, Bolek E, Cífková R, Vítek L. Serum Bilirubin Concentrations and the Prevalence of Gilbert Syndrome in Elite Athletes. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:84. [PMID: 35759151 PMCID: PMC9237193 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Bilirubin is a potent endogenous antioxidant and immunomodulating substance, which is also implicated in both cell signalling and various metabolic pathways. Mild elevation of systemic bilirubin concentrations provides substantial protection against many diseases of civilization. Rare published reports have suggested that serum bilirubin might also be relevant to sports performance. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate serum bilirubin concentrations and the prevalence of Gilbert syndrome (GS) in elite athletes. Methods The study was carried out in 536 consecutive healthy elite athletes and in 2594 individuals of the Czech post-MONICA study representing the general Czech population. Serum bilirubin concentrations, the prevalence of benign hyperbilirubinemia > 17 µmol/L (1 mg/dL, a phenotypic sign of GS), and a variant of the UGT1A1 gene promoter responsible for GS manifestation in Caucasians (rs81753472) were evaluated in study subjects.
Results Compared to the general Czech population, significantly higher serum bilirubin concentrations were found in elite athletes (9.6 vs. 11.6 µmol/L, p < 0.001), both in men (11.3 vs. 12.6 µmol/L, p < 0.001) and women (8.3 vs. 10.5 µmol/L, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of GS was also significantly higher in elite athletes (9.6 vs. 22%, p < 0.001) together with the tendency to higher frequencies of the genotypes (TA)7/7 and (TA)6/7UGT1A1. Conclusion Elite athletes have significantly higher concentrations of serum bilirubin, the most potent endogenous antioxidant substance known. Simultaneously, the prevalence of GS syndrome is also much higher in elite athletes, suggesting that a mild elevation of serum bilirubin might predispose to better sports performance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-022-00463-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Woronyczová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Praha 2, 12000, Prague, Czech Republic.,Sports Research Institute of the Czech Armed Forces, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Nováková
- Sports Research Institute of the Czech Armed Forces, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Leníček
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Praha 2, 12000, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Bátovský
- Slovak Army Sport Centre Dukla Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Emil Bolek
- Sports Research Institute of the Czech Armed Forces, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Cífková
- Center for Cardiovascular Prevention, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, Praha 2, 12000, Prague, Czech Republic. .,4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine,, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Xie L, Mo PKH, Tang Q, Zhao X, Zhao X, Cai W, Feng Y, Niu Y. Skeletal Muscle Mass Has Stronger Association With the Risk of Hyperuricemia Than Body Fat Mass in Obese Children and Adolescents. Front Nutr 2022; 9:792234. [PMID: 35419385 PMCID: PMC8995646 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.792234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperuricemia has been increasing among children with obesity in recent years. However, few studies in such a study group had explored the relationship between obesity-anthropometric indexes and hyperuricemia. This study aimed to examine the associations between hyperuricemia and different body components in children and adolescents with obesity, and further explore gender differences in these associations. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 271 obese children and adolescents (153 boys and 118 girls) aged 6–17 years were recruited from Shanghai Xinhua Hospital. Data about basic information, anthropometric assessments, body composition, and laboratory tests of participants were collected. Results In this study, 73 boys (47.71%) and 57 girls (48.31%) were diagnosed to have hyperuricemia. The impacts of percentage of skeletal muscle (PSM) (OR = 1.221, P < 0.001) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (OR = 1.179, P < 0.001) on the risk of hyperuricemia was the largest, followed by hip circumference (HC) (OR = 1.109, P < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (OR = 1.073, P < 0.001), and body fat mass (BFM) (OR = 1.056, P < 0.05) in whole sample, which was adjusted for age, gender and body mass index (BMI). After being stratified by gender, PSM (boys: OR = 1.309, P < 0.001) and SMM (boys: OR = 1.200, P < 0.001; girls: OR = 1.147, P < 0.05) were still the most predictors of hyperuricemia, followed by HC (boys: OR = 1.147, P < 0.001; girls: OR = 1.080, P < 0.05). WC showed a significant association with hyperuricemia only in boys (OR = 1.083, P < 0.05), while BFM showed no association with hyperuricemia in both gender groups after adjusting for age and BMI. Conclusion Our findings suggested that SMM was a stronger predictor of hyperuricemia than BFM in children and adolescents with obesity, especially in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Xie
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Phoenix K H Mo
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qingya Tang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Niu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Antioxidants as Immunomodulators in Exercise: Implications for Heme Oxygenase and Bilirubin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020179. [PMID: 35204062 PMCID: PMC8868548 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is commonly prescribed as a lifestyle treatment for chronic metabolic diseases as it functions as an insulin sensitizer, cardio-protectant, and essential lifestyle tool for effective weight maintenance. Exercise boosts the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent transient oxidative damage, which also upregulates counterbalancing endogenous antioxidants to protect from ROS-induced damage and inflammation. Exercise elevates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and biliverdin reductase A (BVRA) expression as built-in protective mechanisms, which produce the most potent antioxidant, bilirubin. Together, these mitigate inflammation and adiposity. Moderately raising plasma bilirubin protects in two ways: (1) via its antioxidant capacity to reduce ROS and inflammation, and (2) its newly defined function as a hormone that activates the nuclear receptor transcription factor PPARα. It is now understood that increasing plasma bilirubin can also drive metabolic adaptions, which improve deleterious outcomes of weight gain and obesity, such as inflammation, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The main objective of this review is to describe the function of bilirubin as an antioxidant and metabolic hormone and how the HO-1-BVRA-bilirubin-PPARα axis influences inflammation, metabolic function and interacts with exercise to improve outcomes of weight management.
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7
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Smith ID, Ross LM, Gabaldon JR, Holdgate N, Pieper CF, Ning TC, Kraus WE, Huffman KM. The Relation of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Serum Uric Acid Using the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 3:775398. [PMID: 35098119 PMCID: PMC8789886 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.775398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Gout is a crystal-induced inflammatory arthritis caused by elevated uric acid. Physical activity has the potential to reduce serum uric acid (SUA), thus improving the disease burden of gout. In this study, we examined the association of objectively-measured physical activity and SUA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using survey, laboratory, and accelerometer data from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). SUA concentrations (mg/dL) were obtained during an initial exam, and then physical activity (kCal/day) was measured with 7 days of ActiGraph accelerometry in participants (n = 3,475) representative of the ambulatory, non-institutionalized US civilian population. Regression, including restricted cubic splines, was used to assess the relation of physical activity and SUA in bivariate and adjusted models. Covariates included age, gender, race/ethnicity, alcohol use, body mass index, renal function, and urate-lowering therapy. Results: In the bivariate model, physical activity was correlated with SUA concentrations and included a non-linear component (p < 0.01). In the adjusted model, linear splines were employed with a node at the SUA nadir of 5.37mg/dL; this occurred at 703 kCal/day of physical activity. The association of physical activity and SUA was negative from 0 to 703 kCal/day (p = 0.07) and positive >703 kCal/day (p < 0.01 for the change in slope). Conclusion: Physical activity and SUA are associated in a non-linear fashion, with a minimum estimated SUA at 703 kCal/day of objectively-measured physical activity. These findings raise intriguing questions about the use of physical activity as a potential adjunctive therapy in patients with gout, and further interventional studies are needed to elucidate the effects of moderate intensity exercise on SUA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac D. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Isaac D. Smith ; orcid.org/0000-0003-3313-4825
| | - Leanna M. Ross
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Josi R. Gabaldon
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Oncology and Hematology Business Unit, Syneos Health Global Headquarters, Morrisville, NC, United States
| | | | - Carl F. Pieper
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Tony C. Ning
- Triangle Orthopedic Associates, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William E. Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kim M. Huffman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Brown F, Jeffries O, Gissane C, Howatson G, van Someren K, Pedlar C, Myers T, Hill JA. Custom-Fitted Compression Garments Enhance Recovery From Muscle Damage in Rugby Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:212-219. [PMID: 32091467 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Brown, F, Jeffries, O, Gissane, C, Howatson, G, van Someren, K, Pedlar, C, Myers, T, and Hill, JA. Custom-fitted compression garments enhance recovery from muscle damage in rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 212-219, 2022-to evaluate the effects of custom-fitted compression garments (CG) on recovery from muscle damage in rugby players. Forty-five players were tested for lower-body strength, power, and indices of muscle damage before completing a damaging protocol (20 × 20-m sprints with 5-m deceleration, 100 drop jumps). Players were randomly assigned to wear either custom-fitted (CF, n = 13), or standard-sized CG (SSG, n = 16), or to receive sham ultrasound therapy (CON, n = 16) immediately after exercise. Players were retested immediately, then after 24 and 48 hours. Strength recovery was significantly different between groups (F = 2.7, p = 0.02), with only CF recovering to baseline values by 48 hours (p = 0.973). Time × condition effects were also apparent for creatine kinase activity (χ2 = 30.4, p < 0.001) and midthigh girth (F = 3.7, p = 0.005), with faster recovery apparent in CF compared with both CON and SSG (p < 0.05). Custom-fitted CG improved strength recovery and indices of muscle damage in rugby players, compared with controls and standard-sized garments. Athletes and coaches would be advised to use appropriately fitted CG to enhance strength recovery after damaging exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Brown
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Jeffries
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Conor Gissane
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life of Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Water Research Group, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ken van Someren
- Faculty of Health and Life of Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Pedlar
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Tony Myers
- Physical Education and Sports Studies, Newman University College, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica A Hill
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
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9
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Dergaa I, Ben Saad H, Romdhani M, Souissi A, Fessi MS, Yousfi N, Masmoudi T, Souissi N, Ammar A, Hammouda O. Biological Responses to Short-Term Maximal Exercise in Male Police Officers. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211040920. [PMID: 34414822 PMCID: PMC8381431 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The specifics of short-term physical exercise are similar to the immediate reaction demands placed on police officers. Identifying the physiological predisposition to short-term high-intensity exercise in male law enforcement officers will assist in understanding their metabolism and make a significant contribution to a much more personal and individualized workout program. This will improve physical fitness of individual officers, improving their preparedness for such times of emergency. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the responses of hematological (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leucocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes), hormonal (testosterone, cortisol, melatonin), biochemical (glucose, uric-acid, lactate, creatine-phosphokinase) data to short-term maximal exercise in male police officers (n = 20). Blood samples were collected before- and after- the running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST), and biological values were corrected for fluid shifts. Data were mean ± standard deviation of differences (= after minus before RAST). After the RAST, values of cortisol, lactate, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes increased significantly by 7.01 ± 37.36 mmol/l, 7.55 ± 1.67 mmol/l, 0.17 ± 0.26 103/µl, 0.61 ± 0.28 103/µl, and 0.10 ± 0.13 103/µl, respectively. After the RAST, values of melatonin, uric-acid, creatine-phosphokinase, hemoglobin, and hematocrit decreased significantly by -13.24 ± 4.60 pg/ml, -13.28 ± 14.35 µmol/l, -10.23 ± 10.13 IU/l, -2.01 ± 0.81 g/dl, and -4.46 ± 0.59%, respectively. Biological data of male police officers were affected by sprint test. Understanding changes in biological data following short-term maximal exercise can further assist in a better understanding of anaerobic metabolism, which will be helpful to find available methods for coaches to quantify training loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Dergaa
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Farhat HACHED Hospital, Research
Laboratory “Heart Failure, LR12SP09”, University of Sousse, Sousse,
Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine de Sousse,
Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Université de
Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
- Department of Physiology and
Functional Exploration, Farhat HACHED Hospital, University of Sousse,
Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amine Souissi
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
- National Center of Medicine and
Science in Sport (CNMSS), Research Laboratory “Sport Performance
Optimization”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Saifeddin Fessi
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Narimen Yousfi
- National Center of Medicine and
Science in Sport (CNMSS), Research Laboratory “Sport Performance
Optimization”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tasnim Masmoudi
- Farhat HACHED Hospital, Forensic
Medical Service, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- National Observatory of Sport,
Research Unit “Physical Activity, Sport and Health”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax,
Research Laboratory “Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13”,
University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Faculty of Medicine of Sfax,
Research Laboratory “Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13”,
University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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10
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Belkhir Y, Rekik G, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Does warming up with different music tempos affect physical and psychological responses? The evidence from a chronobiological study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:149-156. [PMID: 33555672 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of listening to different music tempos during warm-up on short-term maximal performance and psychological responses, as a function of Times of Day (TOD). METHODS Fifteen well trained subjects (93.75% were semi-professional soccer players) randomly performed the 30-s Continuous Jump test (CJ30) during three morning sessions (07h00) and three evening sessions (17h00), separated by 48h of recovery, each after a warmup under three different conditions: without music (NO-M), with music at 60 bpm (LOW-M), and with music at 120-140 bpm (HIGH-M). The maximal jump height (Hmax), mean jump height of all jumps (Hmean), and fatigue index (FI %) were measured during CJ30. Feeling states (FS) were determined after warm-up, and body temperature was controlled before/after warm-up, as well as after CJ30. RESULTS Data analysis showed that Hmax, Hmean, and body temperature were higher at 17h00 than 07h00 in all experimental conditions. Moreover, Hmax, Hmean and FS were better after warm-ups with LOW-M and HIGH-M compared to NO-M condition at both TOD, with a higher gain at 07h00. More importantly, Hmax, Hmean and FS were better after warm-up with HIGH-M than with LOW-M at both TOD, with a higher gain at 07h00. CONCLUSIONS Although both music tempos were beneficial, warming-up with high music tempo (120-140 bpm) is better than warming-up with low music tempo (60 bpm) for improving short-term maximal performance and psychological responses whatever the TOD, especially in the morning hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Belkhir
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.,Al-Udhailiyah Primary School for Girls, Department of Physical Education, Al-Farwaniyah, Kuwait
| | - Ghazi Rekik
- Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia - .,Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-said, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
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11
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Belkhir Y, Rekik G, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Effect of listening to synchronous versus motivational music during warm-up on the diurnal variation of short-term maximal performance and subjective experiences. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1611-1620. [PMID: 32741226 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1797764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Which type of music is better for improving short-term maximal performance (STMP) and subjective experiences, and under what conditions? The present study was designed to address this issue by investigating the effects of listening to synchronous versus motivational music during warm-up, as a function of time of day, on exercise performance. In a random order, 16 highly trained physical education students (male) performed the 30-s Continuous Jump (CJ30) during six sessions separated at minimum by 48 h of recovery: after two warm-ups with synchronous music (WUSM), after two warm-ups with motivational music (WUMM), and after two warm-ups without music (WUWM), at 07:00 and 17:00 h. The maximal jump height (Hmax), mean jump height of all jumps (Hmean), and fatigue index (F %) were measured during the test. Body temperature was collected before and after the warm-up, and at the end of the CJ30 test. The rated perceived exertion (RPE) and the feelings states (FS) were obtained immediately after the warm-up and the test. The results revealed that Hmean, Hmax, and temperature were higher at 17:00 than 07:00 h in all experimental conditions. Moreover, Hmean and Hmax were higher with WUSM and WUMM than WUWM at both times of day, with greater improvement in the morning. After performing the CJ30 test, RPE scores were higher with WUMM than WUWM at both times of day. Moreover, FS scores were more positive with WUMM than WUWM in the morning. Furthermore, WUMM resulted in better Hmax and Hmean at both times of day than WUSM. However, FS and RPE were independent of types of music. Findings suggested the use of music during warm-up to increase STMP, RPE, and FS at both times of day, and reduce the morning-afternoon difference in the CJ30 test. More importantly, a warm-up with motivational music is more beneficial than a warm-up with synchronous music for improving STMP, either in the morning or in the afternoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Belkhir
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, Sfax University , Sfax, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-said, Manouba University , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ghazi Rekik
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, Sfax University , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University , Sfax, Tunisia.,Activité Physique: Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport , Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Nizar Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-said, Manouba University , Tunis, Tunisia.,Activité Physique: Sport Et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National Du Sport , Tunis, Tunisie
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12
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Varamenti E, Tod D, Pullinger SA. Redox Homeostasis and Inflammation Responses to Training in Adolescent Athletes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2020; 6:34. [PMID: 32748060 PMCID: PMC7399016 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Several studies have highlighted the substantial role of the athlete’s redox and inflammation status during the training process. However, many factors such as differences in testing protocols, assays, sample sizes, and fitness levels of the population are affecting findings and the understanding regarding how exercise affects related biomarkers in adolescent athletes. Objectives To search redox homeostasis variables’ and inflammatory mediators’ responses in juvenile athletes following short- or long-term training periods and examine the effect size of those variations to training paradigms. Methods A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. The entire content of PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Science Direct were systematically searched until December 2019. Studies with outcomes including (1) a group of adolescent athletes from any individual or team sport, (2) the assessment of redox and/or inflammatory markers after a short- (training session or performance testing) or longer training period, and (3) variables measured in blood were retained. The literature search initially identified 346 potentially relevant records, of which 36 studies met the inclusion criteria for the qualitative synthesis. From those articles, 27 were included in the quantitative analysis (meta-analysis) as their results could be converted into common units. Results Following a short training session or performance test, an extremely large increase in protein carbonyls (PC) (ES 4.164; 95% CI 1.716 to 6.613; Z = 3.333, p = 0.001), a large increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (ES 1.317; 95% CI 0.522 to 2.112; Z = 3.247, p = 0.001), a large decrease in glutathione (GSH) (ES − 1.701; 95% CI − 2.698 to − 0.705; Z = − 3.347, p = 0.001), and a moderate increase of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level (ES 1.057; 95% CI − 0.044 to 2.158; Z = 1.882, p = 0.060) were observed. Following more extended training periods, GSH showed moderate increases (ES 1.131; 95% CI 0.350 to 1.913; Z = 2.839, p = 0.005) while TBARS displayed a small decrease (ES 0.568; 95% CI − 0.062 to 1.197; Z = 1.768, p = 0.077). Regarding cytokines, a very large and large increase were observed in IL-6 (ES 2.291; 95% CI 1.082 to 3.501; Z = 3.713, p = 0.000) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) (ES 1.599; 95% CI 0.347 to 2.851; Z = 2.503, p = 0.012), respectively, following short-duration training modalities in juvenile athletes. Conclusions The results showed significant alterations in oxidative stress and cytokine levels after acute exercise, ranging from moderate to extremely large. In contrast, the variations after chronic exercise ranged from trivial to moderate. However, the observed publication bias and high heterogeneity in specific meta-analysis advocate the need for further exploration and consistency when we deal with the assessed variables to ascertain the implications of structured training regimes on measured variables in order to develop guidelines for training, nutritional advice, and wellbeing in young athletes. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42020152105
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia Varamenti
- Aspire Academy for Sports Excellence, Sports Science Departement, PO Box: 22287, Doha, Qatar.
| | - David Tod
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samuel A Pullinger
- Aspire Academy for Sports Excellence, Sports Science Departement, PO Box: 22287, Doha, Qatar
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13
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Effects of the 5-m Shuttle Run Test on Markers of Muscle Damage, Inflammation, and Fatigue in Healthy Male Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124375. [PMID: 32570815 PMCID: PMC7344466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise is often associated with increases in muscle damage markers and inflammation. However, biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation responses to the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT) have not yet been evaluated. The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of the 5mSRT on muscle damage markers, inflammation, and perception of fatigue and recovery in healthy male athletes. Fifteen male amateur team sports players (age: 20 ± 3 yrs, height: 173 ± 7 cm, body-mass: 67 ± 7 kg) participated in this study. Blood biomarkers were collected at rest, 5 min after, and 72 h after the 5mSRT to measure muscle damage (i.e., creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT)) and inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP)). Best distance (BD), total distance (TD), fatigue index (FI), and percentage decrement (PD) during the 5mSRT were assessed. Perceived recovery (PRS) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were recorded before, 5 min after, and 72 h after the 5mSRT; perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded before, during, and 72 h after the 5mSRT. Muscle damage biomarkers post 5mSRT showed a significant increase compared to pre 5mSRT (p < 0.001) levels ((i.e., CK (190.6 ± 109.1 IU/L vs. 234.6 ± 113.7 IU/L), LDH (163.6 ± 35.1 IU/L vs. 209.9 ± 50.8 IU/L), ASAT (18.0 ± 4.4 IU/L vs. 21.7 ± 6.2 IU/L), and ALAT (10.2 ± 3.4 IU/L vs. 12.7 ± 3.8 IU/L)) and 72 h post 5mSRT (p < 0.001) levels ((CK (125.3 ± 80.5 IU/L vs. 234.6 ± 113.7 IU/L), LDH (143.9 ± 36.6 IU/L vs. 209.9 ± 50.8 IU/L), ASAT (15.0 ± 4.7 IU/L vs. 21.7 ± 6.2 IU/L), and ALAT (8.6 ± 2.4 IU/L vs. 12.7 ± 3.8 IU/L)). CRP was also significantly higher post 5mSRT compared to pre 5mSRT (2.1 ± 2.5 mg/L vs. 2.8 ± 3.3 mg/L, p < 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (1.4 ± 2.3 mg/L vs. 2.8 ± 3.3 mg/L, p < 0.001). Significant correlations were reported between (i) physical performance parameters (i.e., PD, FI, TD, and BD), and (ii) markers of muscle damage (i.e., CK, LDH, ASAT, and ALAT) and inflammation (i.e., CRP). Similarly, DOMS and RPE scores were significantly higher post 5mSRT compared to pre 5mSRT (2.4 ± 1.0UA vs. 6.7 ± 1.1UA and 2.1 ± 0.6 UA vs. 8.1 ± 0.6 UA, respectively p < 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (1.9 ± 0.7 UA vs. 6.7 ± 1.1 UA and 1.5 ± 0.6 UA vs. 8.1 ± 0.6 UA, respectively p < 0.001). PRS scores were significantly lower post 5mSRT as compared to pre 5mSRT (6 ± 1 UA vs. 3 ± 1 UA, p < 0.001) and 72 h post 5mSRT (7 ± 1 UA vs. 3 ± 1 UA, p < 0.001). Significant correlations existed between (i) performance parameters (PD, FI, TD, and BD) and (ii) RPE, PRS, and DOMS. The 5mSRT increased biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation, as well as the DOMS and RPE and reduced the PRS. Seventy-two hours was sufficient for fatigue recovery induced by the 5mSRT. PD is better than FI for the calculation of performance decrements during the 5mSRT to represent fatigue.
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14
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The Effect of One Bout of Intensive Judo Exercise on Select Hematological and Immunological Parameters in Adolescent Elite Judo Athletes. Asian J Sports Med 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise-related studies do not agree on changes in blood parameters regarding anemia and serum immunoglobulin concentration as adaptive immunity. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate exercise-induced variations in hematological and immunological parameters in response to one bout of intensive judo exercise in adolescent elite judoka. Methods: Venipuncture was performed on ten adolescent male Iranian elite judoka (age: 15.60 ± 0.69 years; body mass index: 24.15 ± 2.80 kg/m2) before and immediately after one bout of intensive judo protocol. Erythrocyte variables [red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)], platelets variables [platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT)], cellular immune variables [white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEU), lymphocyte (LYM)], and humoral immune variables (IgM, IgA, IgG, IgE) were measured. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and paired-samples t-test, and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: After the plasma volume was corrected using the Dill and Costill equation, the results showed that RBC, HGB, HCT, MCHC, IgA, and IgM decreased significantly immediately after exercise. However, MCH, RDW, PLT, PDW, MPV, PCT, WBC, LYM, NEU, IgG, and IgE did not change significantly. Conclusions: According to the findings, it can be concluded that intensive judo exercise results in transient anemia and suppression of humoral immune response among adolescent elite judoka.
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15
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Farjallah MA, Ghattassi K, Ben Mahmoud L, Graja A, Boudaya M, Elleuch H, Jammoussi K, Sahnoun Z, Souissi N, Chtourou H, Hammouda O. Effect of nocturnal melatonin intake on cellular damage and recovery from repeated sprint performance during an intensive training schedule. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:686-698. [PMID: 32378422 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1746797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An optimal recovery between training sessions is of similar if not greater importance as the training content and program of the training, itself. One of the most used strategies for improving recovery is the ingestion of supplements. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 5 mg oral melatonin supplementation on the recovery from repeated sprint (RSA) of performance and biochemical responses (i.e. oxidative stress, leukocytosis cellular damage) after an intensive training camp (TC). Twenty soccer players performed an RSA test before and after an intensive six-day TC associated with nocturnal melatonin (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) ingestion. Resting and post-RSA test blood samples were obtained before and after the TC. Compared to placebo, melatonin intake decreased resting oxidative stress markers (i.e, advanced oxidation protein products), leukocytosis (i.e. white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NE)) and biomarkers of cellular damage (i.e. creatine kinase (CK)). It also lowered post-exercise leukocytosis (i.e. WBC, NE, lymphocytes (LY), monocytes (MO)) and biomarkers of cellular damage (i.e. CK, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT)) and raised the activity of the main antioxidant enzymes (i.e. glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR)). In addition, compared to placebo, melatonin reduced the deterioration of the best and total time during the RSA test after the TC. In conclusion, nocturnal melatonin supplementation during an intensive TC alleviated oxidative stress, leukocytosis and cellular damage and improved recovery of RSA performance in soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Farjallah
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Ksar-Saïd , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kais Ghattassi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Ksar-Saïd , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lobna Ben Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Graja
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Manouba University, Ksar-Saïd , Tunis, Tunisia.,Research Laboratory, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, LR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Boudaya
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Henda Elleuch
- Hematology Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jammoussi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport , Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport , Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2-APSA), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, UFR STAPS , Nanterre, France.,Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR12ES17, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax , Sfax, Tunisia
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16
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Development of Novel Continuous and Interval Exercise Programs by Applying the FITT-VP Principle in Dogs. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:3029591. [PMID: 32327939 PMCID: PMC7174966 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3029591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although proper exercise training induces positive physiological effects, improper exercise can lead to injury, fatigue, and poor performance. The frequency, intensity, time/duration, type, volume, and progression (FITT-VP) are the essential components of exercise training to maintain or improve physical fitness and health. The purpose of this study was to develop specific exercise programs by applying the FITT-VP principle and to examine the effects on heart rate (HR) and hematological and biochemical parameters in dogs. The healthy male Beagles (n = 4) included in this study performed continuous and interval exercises, comprising 12 protocols. The HR monitoring elicited an affirmative response to activities but varied depending on the protocols. The hematologic parameters (e.g., red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) were within the reference ranges both before and after exercise. The creatine kinase level significantly increased, and the cholesterol level decreased after exercises. In conclusion, the continuous and interval exercise program elicits an appropriate HR reaction, has no adverse effects on the serum parameters, and provides valuable insight for healthcare in dogs.
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17
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Alvim RO, Siqueira JH, Zaniqueli D, Dutra DM, Oliosa PR, Mill JG. Influence of muscle mass on the serum uric acid levels in children and adolescents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:300-305. [PMID: 31648885 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Uric acid (UA) is an end-product of purine catabolism and its increase in blood is a risk factor for several diseases. UA levels in men are usually higher than in women. This difference is partially due to sex hormones. We sought to investigate the onset of sexual difference in UA levels during pubertal development and the determinants of UA levels in children and adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS The muscle mass and fat mass were measured by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance in a cross-sectional study involving 823 children and adolescents (both sexes; 6-18 years). Serum UA was determined using a commercially available kit. UA levels started to become higher in boys (5.0 ± 1.0 mg/dL) than in girls (4.1 ± 0.9 mg/dL) around 13 years. Boys in the highest quartile of muscle mass presented higher UA levels (5.2 ± 0.7 mg/dL) when compared with the third (4.2 ± 0.7 mg/dL), second (3.7 ± 0.9 mg/dL) and first (3.4 ± 0.9 mg/dL). Similarly, girls in the highest quartile of muscle mass presented higher UA levels (4.2 ± 0.7 mg/dL) when compared with the second (3.8 ± 0.9 mg/dL) and first (3.3 ± 0.9 mg/dL). Muscle mass explained 43.0% and 7.7% of the variability of UA in boys and girls, respectively. CONCLUSION Sexual differences in serum UA levels begin at puberty and partially result from a direct influence of muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael O Alvim
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Jordana H Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Divanei Zaniqueli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Deyse M Dutra
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Polyana R Oliosa
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - José G Mill
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, Brazil
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18
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Blood Biomarkers of Recovery Efficiency in Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183279. [PMID: 31500120 PMCID: PMC6765883 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise strongly affects human metabolism and causes biochemical changes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between routine plasma biomarker levels and recovery efficiency in soccer players during an entire competitive match season. The players participating in the study were divided into a midfielder/defender group (seven midfielders and seven defenders) and a goalie/substitute group (six persons—goalkeepers and players with a short cumulative match-time). The fasting capillary blood samples were taken 17–24 h after each competitive match. The blood plasma was used to determine the creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, iron and magnesium levels of the athletes. The levels of (AST) (aspartate aminotransferase), (ALT) (alanine aminotransferase) and (Cr) creatinine were higher in the midfielder/defender group than in the control group, but only AST and Cr significantly varied over time (AST decreased, and Cr increased with time). The (LDH) (lactate dehydrogenase) activity and urea level were significantly lower in the midfielder/defender group than in the goalie/substitute group, and it significantly varied over time (LDH decreased, and urea increased with time). No differences in the (CK) creatine kinase and (ALP) alkaline phosphatase activities between the groups was found, although CK increased significantly with time in the midfielder/defender group (particularly midfielders in the spring round). In midfielders, the AST activity and the iron level were significantly lower in the spring than in the autumn round. On the contrary, ALT, CK, urea and magnesium levels were significantly higher in the spring than in autumn round. A long-term measurement of biochemical parameters in elite soccer players indicated that AST, CK, LDH and creatinine levels, when analyzed together, could constitute a useful set of markers for monitoring recovery periods.
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19
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Narciso L, Almeida B, Bosco A, Pereira P, Vendrame K, Louzada M, Ciarlini P. Resveratrol atenua o estresse oxidativo e a lesão muscular de ratos sedentários submetidos ao exercício físico. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O sedentarismo é um problema de saúde pública e um dos maiores males da sociedade moderna. Já está bem estabelecido que esforço físico em excesso ou em indivíduos não condicionados acarreta estresse oxidativo e lesões musculares. No presente estudo, foi testada a hipótese de que um único esforço físico é capaz de causar estresse oxidativo e lesão muscular em indivíduos sedentários. Aditivamente foi avaliado efeito antioxidante do polifenol resveratrol (RV) quanto a sua capacidade de atenuar o estresse oxidativo e a lesão muscular causados pelo esforço físico. Para tal, 40 ratos (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar), machos, adultos e sedentários foram aleatoriamente submetidos ou não a 90 minutos de natação, com e sem tratamento com RV (100mg/kg/PV/14dias): N-RV- (n=10) grupo mantido em repouso e não tratado com RV; N-RV+ (n=10) grupo mantido em repouso e tratado com RV; N+RV- (n=10) grupo submetido ao esforço físico de natação e não tratado com RV e N+RV+ (n=10) grupo submetido ao esforço físico de natação e tratado com RV. Em ratos sedentários, o esforço físico da natação promoveu estresse oxidativo (aumento da peroxidação lipídica e diminuição da capacidade antioxidante total do plasma) e aumento significativo da atividade plasmática de creatina quinase (CK) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH). O tratamento com RV diminuiu a peroxidação lipídica e a concentração dos marcadores de lesão muscular (CK e LDH) de ratos sedentários submetidos à natação. Essa é uma das primeiras evidências de que um único esforço físico pode causar estresse oxidativo em indivíduos sedentários e que o RV pode ser uma alternativa para atenuar a lesão muscular causada por esse estresse.
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Khouloud A, Abedelmalek S, Chtourou H, Souissi N. The effect of Opuntia ficus-indica juice supplementation on oxidative stress, cardiovascular parameters, and biochemical markers following yo-yo Intermittent recovery test. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:259-268. [PMID: 29564091 PMCID: PMC5849923 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a flavonoid-rich fresh fruit juice on cardiovascular, oxidative stress, and biochemical parameters during the yo-yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT). Twenty-two healthy males subjects participated in this study divided into two groups: An experimental group (EG: n = 11) who consumed the antioxidant supplement and a control group (CG: n = 11). All participants performed two test sessions at 07:00 hr before and after 2 weeks of supplementation with Opuntia ficus-indica juice. Blood samples were taken before (P1) and immediately (P2) after the YYIRT. Our results showed that following the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH ●) test, the Opuntia ficus-indica juice has an antioxidant capacity for capturing free radicals (p < .05) and reducing oxidative stress related to exercise. Concerning biochemical and cardiovascular parameters, our results showed a significant increase on total cholesterol (TC) (p < .01), triglycerides (TG) (p < .05), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < .01), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p < .01), creatine kinase (CK) (p < .01), lactate deshydrogenase (LDH) (p < .01), glucose (GLC) (p < .01), systolic (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p < .01) immediately after exercise. However, TC (p < .05), TG (p < .05) and LDL (p < .05), the maximal heart rate (HRmax), the CK (p < .05), and LDH (p < .01) as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < .01) demonstrated a significant decrease after supplementation of Opuntia ficus-indica juice before and immediately after YYIRT. However, no significant effect on HDL (p > .05), GLC (p > .05) levels nor the SBP and DBP (p > .05) was observed after supplementation with Opuntia ficus-indica juice. The supplementation leads to an improvement on YYIRT performance (The total distance covered during the YYIRT,VO 2max, VMA) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Opuntia ficus-indica juice has a potent antioxidant activity that reduces total and LDL-cholesterol with only a moderate lowering of HDL-cholesterol and oxidative stress. Moreover, supplementation decreases muscle damage caused by the endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloui Khouloud
- Research Laboratory ‘‘Sports performance optimization’’National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS)TunisTunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of BizerteUniversity of CarthageBizerteTunisia
| | - Salma Abedelmalek
- Department of Physiology and functional explorationsSousse Faculty of MedicineSousseTunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Laboratory ‘‘Sports performance optimization’’National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS)TunisTunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Research Laboratory ‘‘Sports performance optimization’’National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS)TunisTunisia
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Hammouda O, Romdhani M, Chaabouni Y, Mahdouani K, Driss T, Souissi N. Diurnal napping after partial sleep deprivation affected hematological and biochemical responses during repeated sprint. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1429553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hammouda
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (Centre de Recherches sur le Sport et le Mouvement, CeRSM), UPL, Univ Paris Nanterre, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
- Research Unit: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- National Observatory of Sport, ONS, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Chaabouni
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Ibn Jazzar, Kairouan, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVEP) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kacem Mahdouani
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU Ibn Jazzar, Kairouan, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products (LATVEP) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (Centre de Recherches sur le Sport et le Mouvement, CeRSM), UPL, Univ Paris Nanterre, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
| | - Nizar Souissi
- National Observatory of Sport, ONS, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
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Morales AP, Sampaio-Jorge F, da Cruz Rangel LF, de Souza Menezes J, Leite TC, Ribeiro BG. Cardiopulmonary Performance During Maximal Exercise in Soccer Players with Alterations in Renal Function. J Hum Kinet 2017; 57:107-115. [PMID: 28713463 PMCID: PMC5504583 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the curves of cardiorespiratory variables during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in soccer players who had acute alterations in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after performing the pre-season training protocol. Sixteen male professional soccer players (25 ± 3 years; 179 ± 2 cm; and 77 ± 6 kg) were evaluated for oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR) and pulse relative oxygen (relative O2 Pulse) curves with intervals corresponding to 10% of the total duration of CPET. Athletes were grouped according to the GFR and classified as decreased GFR (dGFR; n = 8) and normal GFR (nGFR; n = 8). Athletes from the dGFR group exhibited lower VO2 values (p < 0.05) when 90% (dGFR 49.8 ± 4.0 vs. nGFR 54.4 ± 6.1 ml·kg-1·min-1) and 100% (dGFR 52.6 ± 4.1 vs. nGFR 57.4 ± 5.9 ml·kg-1·min-1) of the test was complete; HR high values (p < 0.05) when 90% (dGFR 183.7 ± 5.1 vs. nGFR 176.6 ± 4.8 bpm-1) and 100% (dGFR 188.1 ± 5.0 vs. nGFR 180.8 ± 4.8 bpm-1) of the test was complete; and lower relative O2 Pulse values (p < 0.05) when 70% (dGFR 25.6 ± 8.4 vs. nGFR 27.9 ± 9.7 ml·beat-1·kg-1), 80% (dGFR 26.6 ± 8.8 vs. nGFR 29.1 ± 10.0 ml·beat-1·kg-1), 90% (dGFR 27.1 ± 9.0 vs. nGFR 30.8 ± 10.6 ml·beat-1·kg-1) and 100% (dGFR 28 ± 9.2 vs. nGFR 31.8 ± 10.9 ml·beat-1·kg-1) of the test was complete. A correlation was found (r = −0.66, R2 = 0.44, p = 0.00) between lower VO2 peak and elevated levels of urinary protein excretion. In conclusion, soccer players with reduced kidney function after performing the pre-season training protocol also presented alterations in cardiopulmonary variables. We suggest that monitoring of renal function may be used to identify less conditioned soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Pontes Morales
- Laboratory of Research and Innovation in Sports Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Macaé, Brazil.,Secretary Municipal of Sport, City Government of Macaé SEMEL, Macaé, Brazil.,Laboratory of Chemistry and Biomolecules, Higher Institutes of Education of CENSA ISECENSA, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Felipe Sampaio-Jorge
- Laboratory of Research and Innovation in Sports Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Macaé, Brazil.,Secretary Municipal of Sport, City Government of Macaé SEMEL, Macaé, Brazil.,Laboratory of Chemistry and Biomolecules, Higher Institutes of Education of CENSA ISECENSA, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe da Cruz Rangel
- Laboratory of Research and Innovation in Sports Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Macaé, Brazil.,Secretary Municipal of Sport, City Government of Macaé SEMEL, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Jackson de Souza Menezes
- Laboratory of Integrated Biochemistry-Hatisaburo Masuda, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Tiago Costa Leite
- Laboratory of Research and Innovation in Sports Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Macaé, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Research and Innovation in Sports Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Macaé, Brazil
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Aloui K, Abedelmalek S, Chtourou H, Wong DP, Boussetta N, Souissi N. Effects of time-of-day on oxidative stress, cardiovascular parameters, biochemical markers, and hormonal response following level-1 Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test. Physiol Int 2017; 104:77-90. [DOI: 10.1556/2060.104.2017.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of time-of-day on oxidative stress, cardiovascular parameters, muscle damage parameters, and hormonal responses following the level-1 Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT). A total of 11 healthy subjects performed an intermittent test (YYIRT) at two times-of-day (i.e., 07:00 h and 17:00 h), with a recovery period of ≥36 h in-between, in a randomized order. Blood samples were taken at the rest (baseline) and immediately (post-YYIRT) after the YYIRT for measuring oxidative stress, biochemical markers, and hormonal response. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni test at p < 0.05. Observed power (α = 0.05) and partial eta-squared were used. Our results showed that oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal aerobic speed, and the total distance covered tended to be higher in the evening (17:00 h). There was also a main effect of time-of-day for cortisol and testosterone concentration, which were higher after the YYIRT in the morning (p < 0.05). The heart rate peak and the rating of perceived exertion scales were lower in the morning (p < 0.05). However, the plasma glucose (p < 0.01), malondialdehyde, creatine kinase (p < 0.01), lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05), high-density lipoprotein (p < 0.01), total cholesterol (p < 0.01), and triglycerides (p < 0.05) were higher after the YYIRT in the evening. Low-density lipoprotein, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and lactate levels (p > 0.05) were similar for the morning and evening test. In conclusion, our findings suggest that aerobic performance presents diurnal variation with great result observed in the evening accompanied by an improvement of hormonal, metabolic, and oxidative responses. These data may help to guide athletes and coaches and contribute to public health recommendations on exercise and muscle damage particularly in the competitive periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aloui
- 1 Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- 2 Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - S Abedelmalek
- 3 Department of Physiology and Functional Explorations, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - H Chtourou
- 1 Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - DP Wong
- 4 Human Performance Laboratory, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - N Boussetta
- 1 Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - N Souissi
- 1 Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
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Aloui K, Abedelmalek S, Boussetta N, Shimi I, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Opuntia ficus-indicajuice supplementation: what role it plays on diurnal variation of short-term maximal exercise? BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1263000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Total bilirubin in athletes, determination of reference range. Biol Sport 2016; 34:45-48. [PMID: 28416897 PMCID: PMC5377560 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2017.63732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine a typical reference range for the population of athletes. Results of blood tests of 339 athletes (82 women and 257 men, aged 18-37 years) were retrospectively analysed. The subjects were representatives of different sports disciplines. The measurements of total bilirubin (BIT), iron (Fe), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were made using a Pentra 400 biochemical analyser (Horiba, France). Red blood cell count (RBC), reticulocyte count and haemoglobin concentration measurements were made using an Advia 120 haematology analyser (Siemens, Germany). In groups of women and men the percentage of elevated results were similar at 18%. Most results of total bilirubin in both sexes were in the range 7-14 μmol·L-1 (49% of women and 42% of men). The highest results of elevated levels of BIT were in the range 21-28 μmol·L-1 (12% of women and 11% of men). There was a significant correlation between serum iron and BIT concentration in female and male athletes whose serum total bilirubin concentration does not exceed the upper limit of the reference range. Elevated concentrations of total bilirubin appear to be due to changes caused by regular exercise. The obtained upper limit of the reference range for total bilirubin concentration in the group of athletes is 29.0 μmol·L-1. It seems reasonable to use dedicated reference values for total bilirubin concentration in relation to the group of athletes.
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Wiecek M, Maciejczyk M, Szymura J, Kantorowicz M, Szygula Z. Impact of single anaerobic exercise on delayed activation of endothelial xanthine oxidase in men and women. Redox Rep 2016; 22:367-376. [PMID: 27715604 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1238991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) in the blood of men and women during the first hour following a single anaerobic exercise (AN-EX), and after 24 hours of recovery, and to determine whether the changes in XO activity in the blood after AN-EX are dependent on anaerobic performance. METHODS Ten men and ten women performed a single AN-EX. Blood was collected before and five times after completion of the AN-EX. The activity of XO was determined. RESULTS In both groups, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in blood XO activity was found only 24 hours after the AN-EX. The increased activity of XO in men was significantly lower than in women (P < 0.05). Negative correlations were found between the increase in XO activity in the blood plasma 24 hours after the AN-EX and anaerobic power, the total work performed during the AN-EX and the power decrease. DISCUSSION In the first hour after the single AN-EX, XO activity in the blood of women and men did not change, but after 24 hours of recovery, it was significantly higher compared to baseline levels in both sexes. Single AN-EX causes a smaller increase in XO activity in people with higher anaerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wiecek
- a Department of Physiology and Biochemistry , Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- a Department of Physiology and Biochemistry , Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Jadwiga Szymura
- b Department of Clinical Rehabilitation , Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kantorowicz
- c Faculty of Physical Education and Sport , University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- d Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition , Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
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Deminice R, Ribeiro DF, Frajacomo FTT. The Effects of Acute Exercise and Exercise Training on Plasma Homocysteine: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151653. [PMID: 26986570 PMCID: PMC4795785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although studies have demonstrated that physical exercise alters homocysteine levels in the blood, meta-analyses of the effects of acute exercise and exercise training on homocysteine blood concentration have not been performed, especially regarding the duration and intensity of exercise, which could affect homocysteine levels differently. Objective The aim of this meta-analysis was to ascertain the effects of acute exercise and exercise training on homocysteine levels in the blood. Method A review was conducted according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses using the online databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and SciELO to identify relevant studies published through June 2015. Review Manager was used to calculate the effect size of acute exercise and exercise training using the change in Hcy plasmaserum concentration from baseline to post-acute exercise and trained vs. sedentary control groups, respectively. Weighted mean differences were calculated using random effect models. Results Given the abundance of studies, acute exercise trials were divided into two subgroups according to exercise volume and intensity, whereas the effects of exercise training were analyzed together. Overall, 22 studies with a total of 520 participants indicated increased plasma homocysteine concentration after acute exercise (1.18 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.65, p < .01). Results of a subgroup analysis indicated that either long-term exercise of low-to-moderate intensity (1.39 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.89, p < .01) or short-term exercise of high intensity (0.83 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.40, p < .01) elevated homocysteine levels in the blood. Increased homocysteine induced by exercise was significantly associated with volume of exercise, but not intensity. By contrast, resistance training reduced plasma homocysteine concentration (-1.53 μmol/L, 95% CI: -2.77 to -0.28, p = .02), though aerobic training did not. The cumulative results of the seven studies with a total of 230 participants in exercise training analysis did not demonstrate a significant impact on homocysteine levels in the blood (-0.56 μmol/L, 95% CI: -1.61 to 0.50, p = .23). Conclusions Current evidence demonstrates that acute exercise increases homocysteine levels in the blood independent of exercise duration and intensity. Resistance, but not aerobic training decreases plasma homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Deminice
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina-PR, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Diogo Farias Ribeiro
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina-PR, Brazil
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Koury JC, Daleprane JB, Pitaluga-Filho MV, de Oliveira CF, Gonçalves MC, Passos MC. Aerobic Conditioning Might Protect Against Liver and Muscle Injury Caused by Short-Term Military Training. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:454-60. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Jówko E, Długołęcka B, Makaruk B, Cieśliński I. The effect of green tea extract supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress parameters in male sprinters. Eur J Nutr 2015; 54:783-91. [PMID: 25120110 PMCID: PMC4500852 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although research suggests that antioxidant supplementation can protect against exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress, also delayed post-exercise muscle recovery and hindered adaptation to training were reported in the supplemented athletes. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of green tea extract (GTE) supplementation on selected blood markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage in sprinters during preparatory phase of their training cycle. METHODS Sixteen sprinters participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo (PL)-controlled crossover study, including two 4-week treatment periods with PL and GTE (980 mg polyphenols daily). The sprinters performed two repeated cycle sprint tests (RST; 4 × 15 s, with 1-min rest intervals), after PL and GTE supplementation. Blood was sampled before (at rest), 5 min after RST, and after the 24-h recovery. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase were measured in erythrocytes, and total polyphenols, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), uric acid (UA), albumin (AL), malondialdehyde (MDA), and creatine kinase (CK) were determined in blood plasma. RESULTS Repeated cycle sprint test performed after PL induced an increase in MDA, TAC, and SOD. Moreover, an increase in UA, AL, and CK was observed after RST irrespective of experimental conditions (PL, GTE). Supplementation with GTE caused an increase in total polyphenols and TAC at rest, and a decrease in MDA and SOD after RST. No significant changes in sprint performance were noted after GTE, as compared to PL. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with GTE prevents oxidative stress induced by RST in sprinters. Furthermore, GTE supplementation does not seem to hinder training adaptation in antioxidant enzyme system. On the other hand, neither prevention of exercise-induced muscle damage, nor an improvement in sprint performance is noted after GTE administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jówko
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biala Podlaska, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Akademicka 2, 21-500, Biala Podlaska, Poland,
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Veeranki S, Winchester LJ, Tyagi SC. Hyperhomocysteinemia associated skeletal muscle weakness involves mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic modifications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1852:732-41. [PMID: 25615794 PMCID: PMC4372482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
HHcy has been implicated in elderly frailty, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Using C57 and CBS+/- mice and C2C12 cell line, we investigated mechanisms behind HHcy induced skeletal muscle weakness and fatigability. Possible alterations in metabolic capacity (levels of LDH, CS, MM-CK and COX-IV), in structural proteins (levels of dystrophin) and in mitochondrial function (ATP production) were examined. An exercise regimen was employed to reverse HHcy induced changes. CBS+/- mice exhibited more fatigability, and generated less contraction force. No significant changes in muscle morphology were observed. However, there is a corresponding reduction in large muscle fiber number in CBS+/- mice. Excess fatigability was not due to changes in key enzymes involved in metabolism, but was due to reduced ATP levels. A marginal reduction in dystrophin levels along with a decrease in mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) were observed. There was also an increase in the mir-31, and mir-494 quantities that were implicated in dystrophin and mtTFA regulation respectively. The molecular changes elevated during HHcy, with the exception of dystrophin levels, were reversed after exercise. In addition, the amount of NRF-1, one of the transcriptional regulators of mtTFA, was significantly decreased. Furthermore, there was enhancement in mir-494 levels and a concomitant decline in mtTFA protein quantity in homocysteine treated cells. These changes in C2C12 cells were also accompanied by an increase in DNMT3a and DNMT3b proteins and global DNA methylation levels. Together, these results suggest that HHcy plays a causal role in enhanced fatigability through mitochondrial dysfunction which involves epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Lee J Winchester
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Effects of physical activity upon the liver. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 115:1-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-3031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effect of aerobic training on insulin resistance and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and subcutaneous abdominal in obese women. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-014-0181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ghattassi K, Graja A, Hammouda O, Chtourou H, Boudhina N, Chaouachi A, Souissi N. Effect of nocturnal melatonin ingestion on short-term anaerobic performance in soccer players. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2014.929853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kolling J, Scherer EB, Siebert C, Marques EP, dos Santos TM, Wyse AT. Creatine prevents the imbalance of redox homeostasis caused by homocysteine in skeletal muscle of rats. Gene 2014; 545:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Silva ADSE, da Mota MPG. Effects of physical activity and training programs on plasma homocysteine levels: a systematic review. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1795-804. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Concomitant effects of Ramadan fasting and time-of-day on apolipoprotein AI, B, Lp-a and homocysteine responses during aerobic exercise in Tunisian soccer players. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79873. [PMID: 24244572 PMCID: PMC3823586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the time-of-day and Ramadan fasting (RF) effects on serum apolipoprotein-AI (Apo-AI) and B (Apo-B), lipoprotein particles-a (Lp-a), high-sensitive C-reactive-protein (hs-CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) during the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT). Design Performance and biochemical measures were completed at two times-of-day (07:00 and 17:00 h), 1-week before RF (BR), the second week of RF (SWR), and the fourth week of RF (ER). Setting For each session, subjects performed the YYIRT, and blood samples were taken before and 3-min after the test for biochemical measures. Participants Fifteen soccer players. Main Outcome Measures Total distance during the YYIRT, core temperature, body composition, dietary intakes, lipid (HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo-AI, B and Lp-a) and inflammatory (hs-CRP and Hcy) profiles. Results Performances during the YYIRT were higher in the evening than the morning BR (P < 0.05), but this fluctuation was not observed during RF. Moreover, LDL-C, ApoB, and Lp-a were stable throughout the daytime BR. However, during RF, they decreased at 17:00 h (P < 0.05). Likewise, HDL-C and Apo-AI increased after the exercise and were higher at 17:00 h BR (P < 0.001). Moreover, these parameters increased during RF (P < 0.01). Furthermore, Hcy and hs-CRP increased during the exercise (P < 0.01) with higher evening levels BR. During ER, the diurnal pattern of Hcy was inversed (P < 0.001). Conclusions This study concluded that caloric restriction induced by RF seems to ameliorate lipid and inflammatory markers of cardiovascular health during intermittent exercise performed in the evening.
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Abstract
Sprint exercise ability has been critical for survival. The remarkably high-power output levels attained during sprint exercise are achieved through strong activation of anaerobic, and to a lesser extent, aerobic energy supplying metabolic reactions, which generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Sprint exercise may cause oxidative stress leading to muscle damage, particularly when performed in severe acute hypoxia. However, with training oxidative stress is reduced. Paradoxically, total plasma antioxidant capacity increases during the subsequent 2 h after a short sprint due to the increase in plasma urate concentration. The RONS produced during and immediately after sprint exercise play a capital role in signaling the adaptive response to sprint. Antioxidant supplementation blunts the normal AMPKα and CaMKII phosphorylation in response to sprint exercise. However, under conditions of increased glycolytic energy turnover and muscle acidification, as during sprint exercise in severe acute hypoxia, AMPKα phosphorylation is also blunted. This indicates that an optimal level of RONS-mediated stimulation is required for the normal signaling response to sprint exercise. Although RONS are implicated in fatigue, most studies convey that antioxidants do not enhance sprint performance in humans. Although currently controversial, it has been reported that antioxidant ingestion during training may jeopardize some of the beneficial adaptations to sprint training.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n , Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island , Spain
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Chtourou H, Aloui A, Hammouda O, Chaouachi A, Chamari K, Souissi N. The effect of time-of-day and judo match on short-term maximal performances in judokas. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2012.756269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tessutti L, Macedo D, Kubota L, Alves A. Measuring the antioxidant capacity of blood plasma using potentiometry. Anal Biochem 2013; 441:109-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Veeranki S, Tyagi SC. Defective homocysteine metabolism: potential implications for skeletal muscle malfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15074-91. [PMID: 23873298 PMCID: PMC3742288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140715074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a systemic medical condition and has been attributed to multi-organ pathologies. Genetic, nutritional, hormonal, age and gender differences are involved in abnormal homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism that produces HHcy. Homocysteine is an intermediate for many key processes such as cellular methylation and cellular antioxidant potential and imbalances in Hcy production and/or catabolism impacts gene expression and cell signaling including GPCR signaling. Furthermore, HHcy might damage the vagus nerve and superior cervical ganglion and affects various GPCR functions; therefore it can impair both the parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation in the blood vessels of skeletal muscle and affect long-term muscle function. Understanding cellular targets of Hcy during HHcy in different contexts and its role either as a primary risk factor or as an aggravator of certain disease conditions would provide better interventions. In this review we have provided recent Hcy mediated mechanistic insights into different diseases and presented potential implications in the context of reduced muscle function and integrity. Overall, the impact of HHcy in various skeletal muscle malfunctions is underappreciated; future studies in this area will provide deeper insights and improve our understanding of the association between HHcy and diminished physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Veeranki
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.V.); (S.C.T.); Tel.: +1-973-610-1160 (S.V.); +1-502-852-3381 (S.C.T.); Fax: +1-502-852-6239 (S.C.T.)
| | - Suresh C. Tyagi
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.V.); (S.C.T.); Tel.: +1-973-610-1160 (S.V.); +1-502-852-3381 (S.C.T.); Fax: +1-502-852-6239 (S.C.T.)
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Kurahashi H, Watanabe M, Sugimoto M, Ariyoshi Y, Mahmood S, Araki M, Ishii K, Nasu Y, Nagai A, Kumon H. Testosterone replacement elevates the serum uric acid levels in patients with female to male gender identity disorder. Endocr J 2013; 60:1321-7. [PMID: 24047564 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender identity disorder (GID) results from a disagreement between a person's biological sex and the gender to which he or she identifies. With respect to the treatment of female to male GID, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is available. The uric acid (UA) level can be influenced by testosterone; however, the early effects and dose-dependency of TRT on the serum UA concentration have not been evaluated in this population. We herein conducted a dose-response analysis of TRT in 160 patients with female to male GID. The TRT consisted of three treatment groups who received intramuscular injections of testosterone enanthate: 125 mg every two weeks, 250 mg every three weeks and 250 mg every two weeks. Consequently, serum UA elevation was observed after three months of TRT and there was a tendency toward testosterone dose-dependency. The onset of hyperuricemia was more prevalent in the group who received the higher dose. We also demonstrated a positive correlation between increased levels of serum UA and serum creatinine. Since the level of serum creatinine represents an individual's muscle volume and the muscle is a major source of purine, which induces UA upregulation, the serum UA elevation observed during TRT is at least partially attributed to an increase in muscle mass. This is the first study showing an association between serum UA elevation and a TRT-induced increase in muscle mass. The current study provides important information regarding TRT for the follow-up and management of the serum UA levels in GID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kurahashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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