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Dong G, Li Q, Yu C, Wang Q, Zuo D, Li X. n-Acetylcysteine protects against diazinon-induced histopathological damage and apoptosis in renal tissue of rats. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:285-295. [PMID: 38525131 PMCID: PMC10959863 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-024-00226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) is a member of organophosphorus insecticides that has cytotoxic effects on different organs. n-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a widely used antioxidant in clinical, in vivo and in vitro studies. We evaluated the protective role of NAC against DZN-induced toxicity in kidney tissue of Wistar rats. 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of control, single dose of DZN, continuous dose of DZN, single doses of DZN + NAC and continuous doses of DZN + NAC. Kidney function test (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid) was provided. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total sulfhydryl (T-SH) were determined in renal tissues. Renal cells apoptosis was detected using TUNEL assay. The mRNA expressions of apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators, including B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 were analyzed in kidney tissues using Real Time PCR method. Chronic exposure to DZN was associated with severe morphological changes in the kidney, as well as impairment of its function and decreased kidney weights. Continues treatment with DZN significantly decreased the percentage of renal apoptotic cells as compared to rats treated with continuous dose of DZN alone (17.69 ± 3.67% vs. 39.46% ± 2.44%; p < 0.001). Continuous exposure to DZN significantly decreased TAC and T-SH contents, as well as SOD and CAT expression, but increased MDA contents in the kidney tissues (p < 0.001). A significant increase was observed in mRNA expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, as well as TNF-α following exposure to DZN, but the expression of IL-10 and Bcl2 was significantly decreased. NAC can protect kidney tissue against DZN-induced toxicity by elevating antioxidants capacity, mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiqin Dong
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 225001 Jiangsu China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000 Jiangsu China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000 Jiangsu China
| | - Chun Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000 Jiangsu China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000 Jiangsu China
| | - Danhua Zuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaozhong Li
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 225001 Jiangsu China
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Nassar WM, El-Kholy WM, El-Sawi MR, El-Shafai NM, Alotaibi BS, Ghamry HI, Shukry M. Ameliorative Effect of Thymoquinone and Thymoquinone Nanoparticles against Diazinon-Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats: A Possible Protection Mechanism. TOXICS 2023; 11:783. [PMID: 37755793 PMCID: PMC10536923 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of thymoquinone (TQ) have been a significant focus of numerous studies. However, more research is needed to ascertain whether its nano-form can effectively treat or prevent chronic diseases. In this study, we investigated how thymoquinone and its nanoparticles can mitigate liver damage induced by diazinon in male Wistar rats and explored the intracellular mechanisms involved. Forty-two Wistar male rats (n = 42) were randomly allotted into seven groups. Group 1 served as the control. Group 2 (vehicle) consisted of rats that received corn oil via a gastric tube daily. In Group 3 (TQ), rats were given a daily oral administration of TQ (40 mg/kg bw). Group 4 (thymoquinone nanoparticles, NTQ) included rats that received NTQ (0.5 mg/kg bw) orally for 21 days. Group 5 (DZN) involved rats that were administered diazinon (DZN, 15 mg/kg bw) orally. In Group 6 (TQ + DZN), rats first received TQ orally, followed by DZN. Group 7 (NTQ + DZN) consisted of rats receiving NTQ orally, then DZN. After 21 days of treatment, the rats were euthanized. After oral administration of DZN, liver enzymes were significantly elevated (p < 0.05). Additionally, there were noticeable increases in oxidative injury markers, such as nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, redox oxygen radicals, and overall increases in hydrogen peroxide and liver protein carbonyl concentrations. This was accompanied by the upregulation of apoptotic markers (Bax, caspase9, caspase 3, bax/Bcl2 ratio), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), and DNA damage. There was also a noteworthy decrease (p < 0.05) in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and anti-apoptotic markers. However, the oral administration of thymoquinone or its nanoparticle form mitigated these diazinon complications; our histopathological findings corroborated our biochemical and molecular observations. In conclusion, the significant antioxidant properties of thymoquinone, or its nanoparticle form, in tandem with the downregulation of apoptotic markers and inflammatory cytokines, provided a protective effect against hepatic dysfunction caused by diazinon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M. Nassar
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M. El-Kholy
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh R. El-Sawi
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nagi M. El-Shafai
- Nanotechnology Center, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba I. Ghamry
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Home Economics, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Ayazoglu Demir E, Mentese A, Kucuk H, Turkmen Alemdar N, Demir S. The therapeutic effect of silibinin against 5-fluorouracil-induced ovarian toxicity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23408. [PMID: 37335224 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a fluoropyrimidine group antineoplastic drug with antimetabolite properties and ovotoxicity is one of the most important side effects. Silibinin (SLB) is a natural compound that is used worldwide and stands out with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SLB in 5-FU-induced ovototoxicity using biochemical and histological analysis. This study was carried out in five main groups containing six rats in each group: control, SLB (5 mg/kg), 5-FU (100 mg/kg), 5-FU + SLB (2.5 mg/kg), and 5-FU + SLB (5 mg/kg). The levels of ovarian malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and caspase-3 were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Hematoxylin and eosin staining method was employed for histopathological examination. MDA, TOS, 8-OHdG, TNF-α, MPO, and caspase-3 levels in 5-FU group were significantly increased compared with the control group, while the levels of TAS, SOD, and CAT were decreased (p < 0.05). SLB treatments statistically significantly restored this damage in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Although vascular congestion, edema, hemorrhage, follicular degeneration, and leukocyte infiltration were significantly higher in the 5-FU group compared with the control group, SLB treatments also statistically significantly restored these damages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, SLB has a therapeutic effect on the ovarian damage induced by 5-FU via decreasing the levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. It may be helpful to consider the usefulness of SLB as an adjuvant therapy to counteract the side effects of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ayazoglu Demir
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Macka Vocational School, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Ahmet Mentese
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Hatice Kucuk
- Department of Pathology, Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Nihal Turkmen Alemdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkiye
| | - Selim Demir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
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Ivanović SR, Borozan N, Miladinović DĆ, Živković I, Borozan S. The relationship between the cholinergic mechanism of toxicity and oxidative stress in rats during subacute diazinon poisoning. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 473:116598. [PMID: 37331382 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon is an organophosphate pesticide (OP) that has significant potential for accidental and intentional poisoning of wildlife, domestic animals and humans. The aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between cholinesterase activity and oxidative stress parameters in liver and diaphragm by continuous monitoring as a function of time during prolonged use of diazinon. Wistar rats were treated orally with diazinon (55 mg/kg/day): 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. At the end of each period, blood, liver and diaphragm were collected to examine cholinesterase activity and enzymatic/non-enzymatic oxidative stress parameters: superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl groups. In all four time periods, there was a significant change in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in erythrocytes and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in blood plasma, CAT in liver and diaphragm and SOD1 in diaphragm. Parameters significantly altered during the cholinergic crisis included: cholinesterases and TBARS in liver and diaphragm and partially SOD1 in liver. Protein carbonyl groups in liver and diaphragm were significantly altered outside the cholinergic crisis. In the liver, there was a very strong negative correlation between BuChE and TBARS in all four time periods and BuChE and CAT on day 7. In the diaphragm, a very strong negative correlation was found between AChE and TBARS at days 7 and 14, and a very strong positive correlation between AChE and SOD1 at days 14, 21 and 28. A better understanding of the relationship between cholinergic overstimulation and oxidative stress may help to better assess health status in prolonged OPs intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša R Ivanović
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | | | - Irena Živković
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sunčica Borozan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Abdel-Naim AB, Hassanein EHM, Binmahfouz LS, Bagher AM, Hareeri RH, Algandaby MM, Fadladdin YAJ, Aleya L, Abdel-Daim MM. Lycopene attenuates chlorpyrifos-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115122. [PMID: 37329850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), is an organophosphate pesticide that is widely used for agricultural purposes. However, it has well-documented hepatotoxicity. Lycopene (LCP) is a plant-derived carotenoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present work was designed to evaluate the potential hepatoprotective actions of LCP against CPF-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals were assigned into five groups namely: Group I (Control), Group II (LCP), Group III (CPF), Group IV (CPF + LCP 5 mg/kg), and Group V (CPF + LCP 10 mg/kg). LCP offered protection as evidenced by inhibiting the rise in serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) induced by CPF. This was confirmed histologically as LCP-treated animals showed liver tissues with less proliferation of bile ducts and periductal fibrosis. LCP significantly prevented the rise in hepatic content of malondialdehyde (MDA), depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), and exhaustion of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Further, LCP significantly prevented hepatocyte death as it ameliorated the increase in Bax and the decrease in Bcl-2 expression induced by CPF in liver tissues as determined immunohistochemically. The observed protective effects of LCP were further confirmed by a significant enhancement in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. In conclusion, LCP possesses protective effects against CPF-induced hepatotoxicity. These include antioxidation and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lenah S Binmahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina M Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan H Hareeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mardi M Algandaby
- Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A J Fadladdin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne, Franche-Comté University, Cedex F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231 Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Silibinin Attenuates Experimental Periodontitis by Downregulation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:5617800. [PMID: 36846719 PMCID: PMC9946757 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5617800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an oral microbiota-induced inflammatory disease, in which inflammation and oxidative stress play a critical role. Silibinin (SB), a Silybum marianum-derived compound, exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. We adopted a rat ligature-induced periodontitis model and a lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) model to evaluate the protective effects of SB. In the in vivo model, SB reduced alveolar bone loss and apoptosis of PDLCs in the periodontal tissue. SB also maintained the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of cellular resistance to oxidative stress, and attenuated lipid, protein, and DNA oxidative damages in the periodontal lesion area. Meanwhile, in the in vitro model, SB administration reduced the production of intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS). Furthermore, SB exerted a strong anti-inflammatory property in both in vivo and in vitro models by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory mediators including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) as well as nucleotide binding oligomerization domain- (NOD-) like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and downregulating the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that SB exhibits the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties against periodontitis by downregulating the expression of NF-κB and NLRP3 and upregulating Nrf2 expression, suggesting a promising potential clinical application of SB in periodontitis.
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Miranda CA, Beretta EM, Ferreira LA, da Silva ES, Coimbra BZ, Pereira PT, Miranda RG, Dorta DJ, Rodrigues FTV, Mingatto FE. Role of biotransformation in the diazinon-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells and antioxidant protection by tetrahydrocurcumin. Toxicol Rep 2022; 10:32-39. [PMID: 36578673 PMCID: PMC9791245 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) is an insecticide extensively used to control pests in crops and animals. However, its indicriminated use may lead to liver damage in animals and humans. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of DZN (25-150 µM) on human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells after 24 and 48 h of exposure and the role of its biotransformation on the toxicological potential. We also tested the protective effect of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), an antioxidant agent, in the DZN-induced citotoxicity. DZN caused cytotoxicity in the HepG2 cells, inhibiting cell proliferation and reducing cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The pre-incubation of HepG2 cells with chemical inducers of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital resulted in a further decrease of cell viability associated with DZN exposure. In addition, the metabolite diazoxon was more toxic than DZN. Our results also revealed that THC alleviated DZN-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generation in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our data provide novel insights into the involvement of biotransformation in the mechanisms of DZN-induced cytotoxicity and suggest that amelioration of RONS accumulation might be involved in the protective effect of THC on DZN-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Araújo Miranda
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Morais Beretta
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena, SP, Brazil
- Medical School, Unifadra, Faculdades de Dracena, Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - Layra Araújo Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Raul Ghiraldelli Miranda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Junqueira Dorta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Thomaz Verechia Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Erminio Mingatto
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence to: Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Dracena, 17900–000, SP, Brazil.
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Yanaşoğlu E, Büyükavcı M, Çetinkaya A, Turan G, Köroğlu M, Yazar H, Büyükokuroğlu ME. Silibinin Effect on Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Eurasian J Med 2022; 54:264-269. [PMID: 35971282 PMCID: PMC9797782 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.20371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatotoxicity is one of the major side effects of methotrexate and limits its use. In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of silibinin and the role of oxidative stress markers and cytokines on high-dose methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=7). Methotrexate (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was administered on the first day in all groups except control. Silibinin was injected for 5 days to methotrexate-silibinin25, methotrexate-silibinin50, and methotrexate-silibinin100 groups at a dose of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively. On the sixth day, blood and liver samples were obtained and rats were sacrificed. Serum total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, total thiol, native thiol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, bilirubin, albumin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-10 levels were measured. In addition, a histopathological evaluation of liver tissues was performed. RESULTS Methotrexate reduced total antioxidant capacity and increased disulfide/total thiol ratio. Histopathologic examination revealed that methotrexate increased hepatic damage and 50 mg/kg/dose of silibinin prevented inflammatory cell infiltration in particular. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that silibinin (50 mg/kg/day) may reduce the hepatic damage in methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by increasing antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Yanaşoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Büyükavcı
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey,Corresponding author: Mustafa Büyükavcı E-mail:
| | - Ayhan Çetinkaya
- Department of Physiology, Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Gupse Turan
- Department of Pathology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Köroğlu
- Department of Microbiology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Hayrullah Yazar
- Department of Biochemistry, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
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The protective effect of resveratrol on diazinon‐induced oxidative stress and glucose hemostasis disorder in rats' liver. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23063. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Najeb SM, Jaccob AA, Al-Moziel MSG, Abdulhameed HM. Cardioprotective and antioxidant effects of taxifolin and vitamin C against diazinone-induced myocardial injury in rats. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2022; 37:e2022002-0. [PMID: 35108778 PMCID: PMC9058105 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2022002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Iraq, excessive exposure to insecticides is increasingly becoming uncontrollable, the objective of this work was to assess the possible ameliorative role of taxifolin and vitamin c against diazinon-induced myocardial injury in rats. 36 sprague female rats divided into 6 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 received diazinone 20 mg/kg gavaged for 30 days. Group 2 received taxifolin (25 mg/kg) and vitamin C (100 mg /kg) co-administered together and gavaged daily for 30 days before oral diazinone (20 mg/kg). Group 3 and group 4 were treated with taxifoline (25 mg/kg) and vitamin C (100 mg /kg) respectively, gavaged separately for 30 days before diazinone (20 mg/kg) administration. group 5 was considered as control 1 received taxifolin (25 mg/kg) and vitamin C (100 mg /kg) co-administered together and gavaged daily for 30 days. The last group, group 6 considered as control 2 which received vehicle of diazinon. Rats' weights, water and food intake were measured and the general vital signs of rats were observed and noted. At the end of study, rats are sacrificed, blood withdrawn for biochemical analysis and heart were excised for glutathione peroxidase and pathological evaluation. Significant increase in body weights in all treated and control groups except group 1. Troponin, LDH, AST and ALT levels were significantly increased in group 1 revealing the existence of ischemia and damage in hearts. Treatment with taxifolin and vitamin C combination reduced their levels significantly to concentrations comparable to that in the control groups. Such finding supported by histopathological observation. Moreover, this study showed that diazinon administration significantly deteriorated lipid profile, co-administration of taxifolin and vitamin C was resulted in a significant improvement in lipid profile associated with increased in glutathione peroxidase values showing significant improvement in antioxidant levels. Sub-acute administration of pharmacological doses of taxifolin and vitamin C exerts cardioprotective effects against diazinon-induced myocardial injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ausama Ayob Jaccob
- Ph.D. in pharmacology and toxicology, Professor in college of pharmacy, Basrah university, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Muhsin S G Al-Moziel
- Ph.D. in physiology, Prof. Ass. in college of pharmacy, Basrah university, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, Basrah, Iraq
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GÜL N, YİĞİT N, SAYGILI YİĞİT F, YAZICI ÖZÇELİK E, ESKİZENGİN H. The Effects of Diflubenzuron on Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) Activity and Liver Ultrastructure in Wistar Rats. GAZI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.35378/gujs.868668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Ahmad A, Zafar A, Zargar S, Bazgaifan A, Wani TA, Ahmad M. Protective effects of apigenin against edifenphos-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:9306-9317. [PMID: 33998977 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1926325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Edifenphos (EDF) is an organophosphorus pesticide with antifungal and anti-insecticidal properties. However, EDF accumulates in various agricultural products and causes potential hazards to human health. Although numerous reports have indicated EDF accumulation in agricultural products, toxic effects on cellular system is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of EDF in rat hepatocytes and its amelioration by apigenin (a dietary flavonoid). Results showed that EDF inhibited the cell viability, induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and caspase-9/-3 activation in rat hepatocytes. Incubation of hepatocytes with N-acetyl cysteine (ROS scavenger) significantly abrogated the ROS generation and apoptosis caused by EDF. In addition, this study also showed that apigenin significantly suppressed the toxic effects of EDF by quenching ROS production thereby abrogating the caspase-9/-3 and apoptosis activation in hepatocytes. Taken together, the findings of this study demonstrate that EDF induces cytotoxicity and DNA damage in hepatocytes, and apigenin can be considered as an effective dietary anti-oxidant regimen against EDF- induced toxicity in cellular system.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atif Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Bazgaifan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yaghubi Beklar S, Hamzeh M, Karimpour Malekshah A, Talebpour Amiri F. The hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber officinale diminishes diazinon-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats. Biotech Histochem 2021; 96:269-275. [PMID: 32672073 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1794039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate insecticide that affects the liver adversely. Ginger exhibits antioxidant properties. We investigated the hepatoprotective effects of an ethanolic extract of ginger root on DZN induced hepatotoxicity. We measured total phenolics and flavonoids in the hydroalcoholic extract. We used Wistar rats divided into four groups: control, 100 mg/kg/day ginger by gavage, 10 mg/kg/day DZN intraperitoneally, and ginger + DZN group treated with ginger 1 h before DZN. All treatments were for 30 consecutive days. One day after the last treatment, we evaluated oxidative stress parameters, serum biochemistry, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The ginger extract contained 101.33 ± 2.73 mg total flavonoid and 237.9 ± 3 mg total phenolic content/g dry ginger plant roots. We found that DZN increased oxidative stress significantly. Histopathology of the liver tissue was consistent with increased AST, ALT, and ALP. Ginger extract treatment reduced oxidative stress and improved histopathology. DZN increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity and ginger extract reduced it. Ginger extract exhibited hepatoprotective effects against DZN induced hepatic injury owing to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Yaghubi Beklar
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maedeh Hamzeh
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbasali Karimpour Malekshah
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Farouk SM, Gad FAM, Emam MA. Comparative immuno-modulatory effects of basil and sesame seed oils against diazinon-induced toxicity in rats; a focus on TNF-α immunolocalization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:5332-5346. [PMID: 32964385 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN), a common organophosphorus insecticide (OPI), has hazardous effect to human and animals with its ubiquitous use. Considering the implication of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the OPIs toxicity, the present study was aimed to evaluate the ameliorative properties of basil (BO) and sesame (SO) seed oils against the toxic effect of DZN. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four experimental groups (n = 10 rats/group); control, DZN (10 mg/kg b.w/day), DZN + BO (5 ml/kg b.w/day), and DZN + SO (8 ml/kg b.w/day) groups, treated for a period of 4 weeks. DZN-exposed animals showed significant elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) with a significant decline in testosterone level compared with control. On the other hand, DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups revealed significant decreases in ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr with a significant increase in testosterone level when compared with DZN-exposed animals. Oxidative/antioxidant indices revealed significant increases of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels along with significant decreases of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), and catalase (CAT) activities among DZN-treated rats compared with control. Distinctly lower levels of MDA and increased activities of SOD, Gpx, and CAT were evident in both DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups when compared with DZN-exposed animals. Inflammatory and immuno-modulatory markers assessment showed a significant increase in TNF-α with a significant decline in IL-10 level in DZN group; meanwhile, both DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups revealed significant declines in levels of TNF-α with significant increases in IL-10. Corresponds immunohistochemistry, the total scores (TS) of TNF-α immunostainings in hepatorenal, testicular, and epididymal tissues of control, DZN + BO and DZN + SO groups were significantly lower than those values of DZN group. Additionally, the examined tissues of DZN + BO group revealed significant lower TS of TNF-α immunostaining compared with DZN + SO group. The overall data suggested that both BO and SO can be efficiently used as preventive herbal compounds against DZN-induced oxidative stress with special reference to their possible antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and free radical activities. However, BO has more potent protective effect against DZN-induced tissue injury at both immunohistochemical and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Mohamed Farouk
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Abdel-Monem Gad
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, 13736, Egypt
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Rajak P, Ganguly A, Sarkar S, Mandi M, Dutta M, Podder S, Khatun S, Roy S. Immunotoxic role of organophosphates: An unseen risk escalating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112007. [PMID: 33493637 PMCID: PMC7825955 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Consistent gathering of immunotoxic substances on earth is a serious global issue affecting people under pathogenic stress. Organophosphates are among such hazardous compounds that are ubiquitous in nature. They fuel oxidative stress to impair antiviral immune response in living entities. Aside, organophosphates promote cytokine burst and pyroptosis in broncho-alveolar chambers leading to severe respiratory ailments. At present, we witness COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2. Infection triggers cytokine storm coupled with inflammatory manifestations and pulmonary disorders in patients. Since organophosphate-exposure promotes necroinflammation and respiratory troubles hence during current pandemic situation, additional exposure to such chemicals can exacerbate inflammatory outcome and pulmonary maladies in patients, or pre-exposure to organophosphates might turn-out to be a risk factor for compromised immunity. Fortunately, antioxidants alleviate organophosphate-induced immunosuppression and hence under co-exposure circumstances, dietary intake of antioxidants would be beneficial to boost immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Rajak
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India.
| | - Abhratanu Ganguly
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, A.B.N. Seal College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India.
| | - Saurabh Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Gushkara Mahavidyalaya, Gushkara, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India.
| | - Moutushi Mandi
- Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India.
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Sayanti Podder
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Salma Khatun
- Department of Zoology, Krishna Chandra College, Hetampur, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sumedha Roy
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Salazar-Flores J, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Ortiz GG, Torres-Jasso JH, Romero-Rentería O, Briones-Torres AL, Torres-Sánchez ED. Occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in farmers in La Cienega, Jalisco, Mexico: oxidative stress and membrane fluidity markers. J Occup Med Toxicol 2020; 15:32. [PMID: 33133223 PMCID: PMC7594453 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The region of La Cienega in Jalisco Mexico, is an important agricultural reference for the production of corn, sorghum and wheat, among other grains, so the use of pesticides for pest control is high. However, in this rural area there are no toxicological studies that assess the occupational risk of pesticide use. Therefore, this study is the first to determine the oxidative stress levels markers (GSH, GSSG, carbonyl groups, nitric oxide metabolites and lipid peroxides) as well as alteration of the mitochondrial membrane fluidity caused by occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in farmers of this region. This occupational risk can increase cellular oxidation, which explains the high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer in Cienega settlers to be analyzed in future studies. Methods Comparative cross-sectional study was performed using two groups: one not exposed group (n = 93) and another one with occupational exposure (n = 113). The latter group was sub-divided into 4 groups based on duration of use/exposure to pesticides. Oxidative stress levels and membrane fluidity were assessed using spectrophotometric methods. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software ver. 19.0 for windows. Results The most commonly used pesticides were organophosphorus, carbamates, herbicide-type glyphosate and paraquat, with an average occupational exposure time of 35.3 years. There were statistically significant differences in markers of oxidative stress between exposed farmers and not exposed group (p = 0.000). However, in most cases, no significant differences were found in markers of oxidative stress among the 4 exposure sub-groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion In the Cienega region, despite the indiscriminate use of organophosphorus and carbamates, there are no previous studies of levels oxidative stress. The results show increased levels of oxidative stress in occupationally exposed farmers, particularly membrane fluidity levels increased three times in contrast to not exposed group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Salazar-Flores
- Department of Medical Sciences and Life, CUCIENEGA, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan, Jalisco Mexico
| | | | - Genaro G Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Discipline, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Juan H Torres-Jasso
- Department of Biological Sciences, CUCOSTA, University of Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Odette Romero-Rentería
- Department of Medical Sciences and Life, CUCIENEGA, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Ana L Briones-Torres
- Department of Chemistry, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Erandis D Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Sciences and Life, CUCIENEGA, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan, Jalisco Mexico
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17
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Wu SC. Health Benefits of Silybum marianum: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11644-11664. [PMID: 33045827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silybum marianum (SM), a well-known plant used as both a medicine and a food, has been widely used to treat various diseases, especially hepatic diseases. The seeds and fruits of SM contain a flavonolignan complex called silymarin, the active compounds of which include silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, dihydrosilybin, silydianin, and so on. In this review, we thoroughly summarize high-quality publications related to the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of SM. SM has antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular-protective, neuroprotective, skin-protective, antidiabetic, and other effects. Importantly, SM also counteracts the toxicities of antibiotics, metals, and pesticides. The diverse pharmacological activities of SM provide scientific evidence supporting its use in both humans and animals. Multiple signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress and inflammation are the common molecular targets of SM. Moreover, the flavonolignans of SM are potential agonists of PPARγ and ABCA1, PTP1B inhibitors, and metal chelators. At the end of the review, the potential and perspectives of SM are discussed, and these insights are expected to facilitate the application of SM and the discovery and development of new drugs. We conclude that SM is an interesting dietary medicine for health enhancement and drug discovery and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Cheng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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18
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S N, M E, S M, A B, Gh A, R AF. Radioprotective Effect of Arbutin in Megavoltage Therapeutic X-irradiated Mice using Liver Enzymes Assessment. J Biomed Phys Eng 2019; 9:533-540. [PMID: 31750267 PMCID: PMC6820023 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Medical use of ionizing radiation has direct/indirect undesirable effects on normal tissues. In this study, the radioprotective effect of arbutin in megavoltage therapeutic x-irradiated mice was investigated using serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and asparate amniotransferase (AST) activity measurements. Material and Methods In this analytical and experimental lab study, sixty mice (12 identical groups) were irradiated with 6 MV x-ray beam (2 and 4 Gy in one fraction). Arbutin concentrations were chosen 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg and injected intraperitoneal 2 hours before irradiation. Samples of peripheral blood cells were collected and serum was separated on the 1, 3, and 7 days post-x-radiation; in addition, the level of ALP, ALT, and AST were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and Tukey HSD test. Results X-radiation (2 and 4 Gy) increased the ALT and AST activity levels on the 1, 3, and 7 days post- irradiation, but the ALP level significantly increased on the 1 and 7 days and decreased on the third day compared to the control group (P< 0.001). ALP, ALT and AST activity levels in "2 and 4 Gy x irradiation + distilled water" groups were significantly higher than "2 and 4 Gy irradiation + 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg arbutin" groups on the first and seventh day post-irradiation (P< 0.001). Conclusion Arbutin is a strong radioprotector for reducing the radiation effect on the whole-body tissues by measuring ALP, ALT and AST enzyme activity levels. Furthermore, the concentration of 50 mg/kg arbutin showed higher radioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadi S
- MSc, Department of Medical Physics Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Elahi M
- PhD, Medical Physics Department, Faculty of medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moradi S
- MSc, Medical Physics Department, Faculty of medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banaei A
- PhD, Medical Physics Department, Faculty of medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- PhD, Department of Radiology, Faculty of paramedical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ataei Gh
- MSc, Department of Radiology Technology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Abedi-Firouzjah R
- MSc, Department of Radiation Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Abdel-Diam MM, Samak DH, El-Sayed YS, Aleya L, Alarifi S, Alkahtani S. Curcumin and quercetin synergistically attenuate subacute diazinon-induced inflammation and oxidative neurohepatic damage, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3659-3665. [PMID: 30535736 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous use of diazinon (DZN, an organophosphorus insecticide) has increased the probability of occupational, public, and the ecosystem exposure; these exposures are linked to negative health outcomes. The flavonoids curcumin (CUR) and quercetin (QUE) exert significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities against toxicants, including insecticides. However, it is unclear whether their combination enhances these activities. Therefore, 40 albino rat were divided randomly into the CTR, DZN, CUR + DZN, QUE + DZN, and CUR + QUE + DZN groups, which are treated daily via gavage for 28 days. DZN induced neurohepatic inflammation and oxidative damage, which was confirmed by significant (P < 0.05) induction of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyl transferase, and tumor necrosis factor-α and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. Furthermore, the liver and brain of DZN-exposed rats exhibited a notable elevation in MDA level paralleled with reduction in antioxidant molecules, i.e., glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. The pretreatment of DZN-intoxicated rats with CUR or QUE substantially mitigated neurohepatic dysfunction and inflammation and improved liver and brain antioxidant status with reducing oxidative stress levels. Furthermore, pretreatment with CUR + QUE synergistically restored the neurohepatic dysfunction and oxidative levels to approximately normal levels. The overall results suggested that CUR or QUE inhibits DZN-mediated neurohepatic toxicity via their favorable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and free radical-scavenging activities. Moreover, both QUE and CUR may be mutual adjuvant agents against oxidative stress neurohepatic damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Abdel-Diam
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Dalia H Samak
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Harchegani AB, Rahmani A, Tahmasbpour E, Kabootaraki HB, Rostami H, Shahriary A. Mechanisms of diazinon effects on impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:653-664. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718778665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate insecticide that has cytotoxic and pathological effects on the reproductive system. It causes a wide variety of pathological effects on the reproductive system such as testicular atrophy, disturbance in sex hormones, impaired spermatogenesis, low quality of sperm, and fertility problems. However, molecular and cellular mechanisms of its adverse effects are not well understood. General events such as testicular damage, inflammation, mitochondrial deficiency, DNA fragmentation, disintegration of sperm plasma membrane, apoptosis, and cell death are observed in DZN-exposed animals. Oxidative stress (OS) induced by reactive oxygen species may be a main mechanism, which can be associated with sperm DNA fragmentation, reduced integrity of sperm cell membrane, apoptosis, depletion of antioxidants, and subsequently poor sperm quality and male infertility. Therefore, identification of these pathways may provide valuable information regarding the mechanisms of DZN action on the male reproductive system. In this review, we aim to discuss the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms of DZN action on male reproductive system, the importance of OS and mechanisms by which DZN induces OS and depletion of other antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahmani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eisa Tahmasbpour
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Innovations, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Bakhiari Kabootaraki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rostami
- Health Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Hariri AT, Moallem SA, Mahmoudi M, Memar B, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Effect of Crocus sativus L. stigma (saffron) against subacute effect of diazinon: histopathological, hematological, biochemical and genotoxicity evaluations in rats. J Pharmacopuncture 2018; 21:61-69. [PMID: 30151305 PMCID: PMC6054089 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2018.21.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, the effects of saffron stigma against subacute diazinon (DZN) toxicity on enzymes levels, biochemical, hematological, histopathological and genotoxicity indices were studied in rats. Methods Vitamin E (200 IU/kg) and the aqueous extract of saffron (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally three times per week alone or with DZN (20 mg/kg/day, orally) for 4 weeks. The hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated at the end of 4 weeks. Results Reticulocytes counts, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase, CPK-MB, gama glutamyl transferase (GGT), uric acid and micronucleus indices were increased significantly but total protein and RBC cholinesterase activity were decreased in the DZN-treated group. Saffron prevented the effect of DZN on GGT (50 mg/kg), LDH, CPK and CPK-MB (100 and 200 mg/kg) levels. An increased uric acid and reduced protein levels by DZN were prevented by vitamin E and some doses of saffron. A significant reduction was observed in platelets, RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit indices in the DZN group. Saffron and vitamin E prevented this reduction. Vitamin E and saffron did not reduce the effect of DZN on RBC cholinesterase activity. The extract and vitamin E could not prevent DZN genotoxicity in the micronucleus assay. Other biochemical parameters and pathological evaluation did not show any abnormality in tissues of all groups. Conclusion This study shows that vitamin E and saffron reduce DZN induced hematological and biochemical toxicity. However, they do not prevent the genotoxicity induced by DZN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Timcheh Hariri
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahram Memar
- Department of Pathology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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22
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Al-Attar AM, Elnaggar MH, Almalki EA. Physiological study on the influence of some plant oils in rats exposed to a sublethal concentration of diazinon. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:786-796. [PMID: 29740245 PMCID: PMC5936871 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the influence of olive, sesame and black seed oils on levels of some physiological parameters in male rats exposed to diazinon (DZN). Body weight changes, and levels of serum total protein, albumin, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), atherogenic index (AI), atherogenic coefficient (AC), cardiac risk ratio (CRR), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MAD) were selected as physiological parameters. The experimental animals were distributed into nine groups. Rats group exposed to DZN and fed with normal diet resulted in pronounced severe changes including reduced body weight gain rate, significantly increase in levels of serum albumin, glucose, cholesterol, LDL-C, AI, AC, CRR and MDA while levels of HDL-C, GSH and SOD were decreased. In rats treated with DZN, the supplementation of the olive, sesame and black seed oils showed remarkable lowering influences of physiological alterations. Moreover, the present results confirmed that these oils possess antioxidative effects against DZN toxicity. Finally, the present findings suggest that these oils are safe and promising agents for the treatment of physiological disturbances induced by DZN and may be also by other pollutants, and toxic and pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef M. Al-Attar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 139109, Jeddah 21323, Saudi Arabia
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Danaei GH, Memar B, Ataee R, Karami M. Protective effect of thymoquinone, the main component of Nigella Sativa, against diazinon cardio-toxicity in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:585-591. [PMID: 29648463 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1454459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that oxidative stress and cell damage can occur at very early stages of diazinon (DZN) exposure. The present study was designed to determine the beneficial effect of thymoquinone (Thy), the main component of Nigella sativa (black seed or black cumin), against DZN cardio-toxicity in rats. In the present experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control (corn oil gavages), DZN gavages (20 mg/kg/day), Thy gavages (10 mg/kg/day) and Thy + DVN gavages (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg/day). Treatments were continued for 28 days, then the animals were anesthetized by ether and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), lactate dehydrogenize (LDH) and glutathione peroxide (GPX) activity was evaluated. In addition, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) the heart tissue and creatinephosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB) and troponin (TPI) levels and cholinesterase activity in the blood were evaluated. DZN-induced oxidative damage and elevated the levels of the cardiac markers CK-MB, TPI, MDA and LDH and decreased SOD, CAT and cholinesterase activity and GSH level compared with the control group. Treatment with Thy reduced DZN cardio-toxicity and cholinesterase activity. The success of Thy supplementation against DZN toxicity can be attributed to the antioxidant effects of its constituents. Administration of Thy as a natural antioxidant decreased DZN cardio-toxicity and improved cholinesterase activity in rats through the mechanism of free radical scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Hassan Danaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Bahram Memar
- Department of Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Ataee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
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Karami-Mohajeri S, Ahmadipour A, Rahimi HR, Abdollahi M. Adverse effects of organophosphorus pesticides on the liver: a brief summary of four decades of research. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 68:261-275. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used volatile pesticides that have harmful effects on the liver in acute and chronic exposures. This review article summarises and discusses a wide collection of studies published over the last 40 years reporting on the effects of OPs on the liver, in an attempt to propose general mechanisms of OP hepatotoxicity and possible treatment. Several key biological processes have been reported as involved in OP-induced hepatotoxicity such as disturbances in the antioxidant defence system, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial and microsomal metabolism. Most studies show that antioxidants can attenuate oxidative stress and the consequent changes in liver function. However, few studies have examined the relationship between OP structures and the severity and mechanism of their action. We hope that future in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials will answer the remaining questions about the mechanisms of OP hepatotoxicity and its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Tehran , Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran , Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadipour
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran , Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Rahimi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Tehran , Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman , Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology4, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Iran
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25
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Vahidirad M, Arab-Nozari M, Mohammadi H, Zamani E, Shaki F. Protective effect of captopril against diazinon induced nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity via inhibition of ROS-NO pathway. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:287-293. [PMID: 29115169 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1391830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon (Dz) is a widely used insecticide. It can induce nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity via oxidative stress. Captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, is known for its antioxidant properties. In this study, we used captopril for ameliorating of Dz-induced kidney and brain toxicity in rats. Animals were divided into five groups as follows: negative control (olive oil), Dz (150 mg kg-1), captopril (60 and 100 mg kg-1) and positive control (N-acetylcysteine 200 mg kg-1) were injected intraperitoneally 30 min before Dz. After 24 h, animals were anesthetized and the brain and kidney tissues were separated. Then oxidative stress factors were evaluated. Also, blood was collected for assessment of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. Dz significantly increased oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl as well as glutathione (GSH) oxidation in both tissues. Increased levels of the BUN, Cr and NO were observed after Dz injection. Interestingly, captopril administration significantly decreased ROS production in both tissues. Captopril significantly protected kidney and brain against lipid peroxidation and GSH oxidation. Administration of captopril could markedly inhibit protein carbonyl production in kidney and brain after Dz injection. Furthermore, captopril ameliorated the increased level of BUN, Cr and NO. These results suggested that captopril can prevent Dz-induced oxidative stress, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity because of its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Vahidirad
- a Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Milad Arab-Nozari
- b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran
| | - Ehsan Zamani
- b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaki
- b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran
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Zeinali M, Meybodi NT, Rezaee SA, Rafatpanah H, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effects of chrysin on sub-acute diazinon-induced biochemical, hematological, histopathological alterations, and genotoxicity indices in male BALB/c mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 41:270-280. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1384834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Zeinali
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Social Security Organization (SSO), Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Naser Tayebi Meybodi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research center, Division of Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Science (MUMS), Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research center, Division of Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Science (MUMS), Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran
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27
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Danaei GH, Karami M. Protective effect of thymoquinone against diazinon-induced hematotoxicity, genotoxicity and immunotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 55:217-222. [PMID: 28938193 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that oxidative stress and cell damage can occur in the very early stages of diazinon (DZN) exposure. The present study was designed to determine the beneficial effect of thymoquinone (Thy), the main component of Nigella sativa (black seed or black cumin) against DZN immunotoxicity, hematotoxicity and genotoxicity in rats. In the present experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups, (eight per group) as follows: control (receiving corn oil as the DZN solvent), DZN (20mg/kg), Thy (10mg/kg), Thy (2.5mg/kg)+DZN, Thy (5mg/kg)+DZN and Thy (10mg/kg)+DZN. After four weeks of treatment, the hematological parameters of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) and platelets (PLTs) were evaluated. The evaluation of genotoxicity was carried out using the micronucleus assay. For measurement of cytokine production, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 10 (IL10) and interleukin 4 (IL4) were chosen as immunotoxicity indicators of DZN toxicity. DZN was found to decrease RBCs, WBCs, Hb, Hct, PLTs, butyrl- and acetyl-cholinesterase activity and I FN-γ and increased the micronucleus indices of IL10 and IL4 as compared with the control group. Treatment with Thy reduced DZN hematotoxicity and immunotoxicity, but, significantly, did not prevent genotoxicity. This study showed that Thy (without the significant effect on genotoxicity) decreased the hematological toxicity, immunotoxicity and butyrl and acetyl cholinesterase activity induced by DZN. The success of Thy supplementation against DZN toxicity can be attributed to the antioxidant effects of its constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Hassan Danaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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The Ethanol Extract of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) Protects against Triptolide-Induced Oxidative Stress through Activation of Nrf2. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:2752389. [PMID: 29234377 PMCID: PMC5634606 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2752389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the potential role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in licorice ethanol extract (LEE) against triptolide- (TP-) induced hepatotoxicity, HepG2 cells were exposed to LEE (30, 60, and 90 mg·L−1) for 12 h and then treated with TP (50 nM) for 24 h. Besides, an acute liver injury model was established in ICR mice by a single dose of TP (1.0 mg·kg−1, i.p.). Relevant oxidant and antioxidant mediators were analyzed. TP led to an obvious oxidative stress as evidenced by increasing levels of ROS and decreasing GSH contents in HepG2 cells. In vitro results were likely to hold true in in vivo experiments. LEE protected against TP-induced oxidative stress in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Furthermore, the decreased level of Nrf2 in the TP-treated group was observed. The mRNA levels of downstream genes decreased as well in ICR mice liver, whereas they increased in HepG2 cells. In contrast, LEE pretreatment significantly increased the level of Nrf2 and its downstream genes. LEE protects against TP-induced oxidative stress partly via the activation of Nrf2 pathway.
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Al-Attar AM, Elnaggar MH, Almalki EA. Protective effect of some plant oils on diazinon induced hepatorenal toxicity in male rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:1162-1171. [PMID: 28855808 PMCID: PMC5562457 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution and exposure to environmental pollutants are still some of the major global health issues. Pesticides have been linked to a wide range of health hazards. The toxicity of pesticides depends on several factors such as its chemical properties, doses, exposure period, exposure methods, gender, genetics, age, nutritional status and physiological case of exposed individuals. Medicinal plants, natural products and nutrition continue to play a central role in the healthcare system of large proportions of the world's population. Alternative medicine plays an important role in health services around the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of olive, sesame and black seed oils on hepatorenal toxicity induced by diazinon (DZN) in male rats. The experimental animals were divided into nine groups. The first group served as control. The second group was exposed to DZN. The third group was treated with olive oil and DZN. Rats of the fourth group were subjected to sesame oil and DZN. Rats of the fifth group were exposed to black seed oil and DZN. The sixth, seventh and eighth groups were supplemented with olive, sesame and black seed oils respectively. Rats of the ninth group were treated with corn oil. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and malondialdehyde were significantly increased in rats exposed to DZN. Moreover, levels of serum glutathione and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased. Several histopathological changes were observed in the structures of liver and kidney due to DZN exposure. This study showed that these oils attenuated the physiological disturbances and histopathological alterations induced by DZN intoxication. Moreover, the antioxidant properties of these oils support the bioactive roles of its protective effects on DZN toxicity. This study therefore suggests that these oils could be used as preventive factors against the toxicity of DZN due to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef M. Al-Attar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 139109, Jeddah 21323, Saudi Arabia
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Zhao Y, Feng YN, Li L, Zhang HF, Zhang YN, Zhang PF, Liu XQ, Zhang WD, Huang TT, Zhao L, Shen W, Hao ZH. Tissue-Specific Regulation of the Contents and Correlations of Mineral Elements in Hens by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 177:353-366. [PMID: 27830451 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to their small size, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are readily absorbed and easily cross biological barriers, which make them promising candidates as diet additives. However, some studies have reported that ZnO NPs cause toxicity; therefore, their safety and potency as diet additives for farm animals should be established. This study was the first to fully evaluate the effects of ZnO NPs on the homeostasis of eight elements in seven organs/tissues. The regulation of element homeostasis was found to be organ specific with no influence on oxidation status, anti-oxidation capability, or organ damage. ZnO NPs may specifically regulate the homeostasis of mineral elements and affect the following correlations: (1) between the element content in each organ and the concentration of Zn used in ZnSO4 or ZnO NP treatments; (2) between ZnO NP and ZnSO4 treatments for the same element in each organ; and (3) between elements (in each organ in ZnSO4 or ZnO NP treatments) in layers' organs/tissues. The use of ZnO NPs as diet additives for animals should be implemented cautiously because, among other uncertainties, they may affect mineral element content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ni Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Na Zhang
- Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Qi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Huang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hui Hao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
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Yarla NS, Bishayee A, Sethi G, Reddanna P, Kalle AM, Dhananjaya BL, Dowluru KSVGK, Chintala R, Duddukuri GR. Targeting arachidonic acid pathway by natural products for cancer prevention and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:48-81. [PMID: 26853158 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) pathway, a metabolic process, plays a key role in carcinogenesis. Hence, AA pathway metabolic enzymes phospholipase A2s (PLA2s), cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and their metabolic products, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, have been considered novel preventive and therapeutic targets in cancer. Bioactive natural products are a good source for development of novel cancer preventive and therapeutic drugs, which have been widely used in clinical practice due to their safety profiles. AA pathway inhibitory natural products have been developed as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against several cancers. Curcumin, resveratrol, apigenin, anthocyans, berberine, ellagic acid, eugenol, fisetin, ursolic acid, [6]-gingerol, guggulsteone, lycopene and genistein are well known cancer chemopreventive agents which act by targeting multiple pathways, including COX-2. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and baicalein can be chemopreventive molecules against various cancers by inhibiting LOXs. Several PLA2s inhibitory natural products have been identified with chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials against various cancers. In this review, we critically discuss the possible utility of natural products as preventive and therapeutic agents against various oncologic diseases, including prostate, pancreatic, lung, skin, gastric, oral, blood, head and neck, colorectal, liver, cervical and breast cancers, by targeting AA pathway. Further, the current status of clinical studies evaluating AA pathway inhibitory natural products in cancer is reviewed. In addition, various emerging issues, including bioavailability, toxicity and explorability of combination therapy, for the development of AA pathway inhibitory natural products as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against human malignancy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Sastry Yarla
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Human Environmental Epigenomes, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya
- Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagara 562 112, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaladhar S V G K Dowluru
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India; Department of Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Bilaspur University, Bilaspur 495 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ramakrishna Chintala
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Govinda Rao Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India.
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Regulation of neuroendocrine cells and neuron factors in the ovary by zinc oxide nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett 2016; 256:19-32. [PMID: 27215404 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pubertal period is an important window during the development of the female reproductive system. Development of the pubertal ovary, which supplies the oocytes intended for fertilization, requires growth factors, hormones, and neuronal factors. It has been reported that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) cause cytotoxicity of neuron cells. However, there have been no reports of the effects of ZnO NPs on neuronal factors and neuroendocrine cells in the ovary (in vivo). For the first time, this in vivo study investigated the effects of ZnO NPs on gene and protein expression of neuronal factors and the population of neuroendocrine cells in ovaries. Intact NPs were detected in ovarian tissue and although ZnO NPs did not alter body weight, they reduced the ovary organ index. Compared to the control or ZnSO4 treatments, ZnO NPs treatments differentially regulated neuronal factor protein and gene expression, and the population of neuroendocrine cells. ZnO NPs changed the contents of essential elements in the ovary; however, they did not alter levels of the steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone. These data together suggest that intact ZnO NPs might pose a toxic effect on neuron development in the ovary and eventually negatively affect ovarian developmental at puberty.
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