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Kriedemann N, Manstein F, Hernandez-Bautista CA, Ullmann K, Triebert W, Franke A, Mertens M, Stein ICAP, Leffler A, Witte M, Askurava T, Fricke V, Gruh I, Piep B, Kowalski K, Kraft T, Zweigerdt R. Protein-free media for cardiac differentiation of hPSCs in 2000 mL suspension culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:213. [PMID: 39020441 PMCID: PMC11256493 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commonly used media for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) contain high concentrations of proteins, in particular albumin, which is prone to quality variations and presents a substantial cost factor, hampering the clinical translation of in vitro-generated cardiomyocytes for heart repair. To overcome these limitations, we have developed chemically defined, entirely protein-free media based on RPMI, supplemented with L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA-2P) and either the non-ionic surfactant Pluronic F-68 or a specific polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). METHODS AND RESULTS Both media compositions enable the efficient, directed differentiation of embryonic and induced hPSCs, matching the cell yields and cardiomyocyte purity ranging from 85 to 99% achieved with the widely used protein-based CDM3 medium. The protein-free differentiation approach was readily up-scaled to a 2000 mL process scale in a fully controlled stirred tank bioreactor in suspension culture, producing > 1.3 × 109 cardiomyocytes in a single process run. Transcriptome analysis, flow cytometry, electrophysiology, and contractile force measurements revealed that the mass-produced cardiomyocytes differentiated in protein-free medium exhibit the expected ventricular-like properties equivalent to the well-established characteristics of CDM3-control cells. CONCLUSIONS This study promotes the robustness and upscaling of the cardiomyogenic differentiation process, substantially reduces media costs, and provides an important step toward the clinical translation of hPSC-CMs for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kriedemann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Felix Manstein
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carlos A Hernandez-Bautista
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kevin Ullmann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Triebert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Evotec SE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Franke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mira Mertens
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Leffler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Merlin Witte
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tamari Askurava
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Veronika Fricke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Piep
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kowalski
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Theresia Kraft
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO)Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG)REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Kriedemann N, Triebert W, Teske J, Mertens M, Franke A, Ullmann K, Manstein F, Drakhlis L, Haase A, Halloin C, Martin U, Zweigerdt R. Standardized production of hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte aggregates in stirred spinner flasks. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:1911-1939. [PMID: 38548938 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
A promising cell-therapy approach for heart failure aims at differentiating human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) in vitro to replace the disease-induced loss of patients' heart muscle cells in vivo. But many challenges remain for the routine clinical application of hPSC-derived CMs (hPSC-CMs), including good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant production strategies. This protocol describes the efficient generation of hPSC-CM aggregates in suspension culture, emphasizing process simplicity, robustness and GMP compliance. The strategy promotes clinical translation and other applications that require large numbers of CMs. Using a simple spinner-flask platform, this protocol is applicable to a broad range of users with general experience in handling hPSCs without extensive know-how in biotechnology. hPSCs are expanded in monolayer to generate the required cell numbers for process inoculation in suspension culture, followed by stirring-controlled formation of cell-only aggregates at a 300-ml scale. After 48 h at checkpoint (CP) 0, chemically defined cardiac differentiation is induced by WNT-pathway modulation through use of the glycogen-synthase kinase-3 inhibitor CHIR99021 (WNT agonist), which is replaced 24 h later by the chemical WNT-pathway inhibitor IWP-2. The exact application of the described process parameters is important to ensure process efficiency and robustness. After 10 d of differentiation (CP I), the production of ≥100 × 106 CMs is expected. Moreover, to 'uncouple' cell production from downstream applications, continuous maintenance of CM aggregates for up to 35 d in culture (CP II) is demonstrated without a reduction in CM content, supporting downstream logistics while potentially overcoming the requirement for cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kriedemann
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Triebert
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Evotec, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Teske
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mira Mertens
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Franke
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kevin Ullmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Manstein
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Evotec, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lika Drakhlis
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Haase
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Caroline Halloin
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cell Therapy Process Technology, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Ullmann K, Manstein F, Triebert W, Kriedemann N, Franke A, Teske J, Mertens M, Lupanow V, Göhring G, Haase A, Martin U, Zweigerdt R. Matrix-free human pluripotent stem cell manufacturing by seed train approach and intermediate cryopreservation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:89. [PMID: 38528578 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have an enormous therapeutic potential, but large quantities of cells will need to be supplied by reliable, economically viable production processes. The suspension culture (three-dimensional; 3D) of hPSCs in stirred tank bioreactors (STBRs) has enormous potential for fuelling these cell demands. In this study, the efficient long-term matrix-free suspension culture of hPSC aggregates is shown. METHODS AND RESULTS STBR-controlled, chemical aggregate dissociation and optimized passage duration of 3 or 4 days promotes exponential hPSC proliferation, process efficiency and upscaling by a seed train approach. Intermediate high-density cryopreservation of suspension-derived hPSCs followed by direct STBR inoculation enabled complete omission of matrix-dependent 2D (two-dimensional) culture. Optimized 3D cultivation over 8 passages (32 days) cumulatively yielded ≈4.7 × 1015 cells, while maintaining hPSCs' pluripotency, differentiation potential and karyotype stability. Gene expression profiling reveals novel insights into the adaption of hPSCs to continuous 3D culture compared to conventional 2D controls. CONCLUSIONS Together, an entirely matrix-free, highly efficient, flexible and automation-friendly hPSC expansion strategy is demonstrated, facilitating the development of good manufacturing practice-compliant closed-system manufacturing in large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ullmann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Felix Manstein
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Triebert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Kriedemann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Franke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Teske
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mira Mertens
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Victoria Lupanow
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Göhring
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Haase
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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4
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Ueki M, Suzuki T, Kato Y. Large-scale cultivation of human iPS cells in bioreactor with reciprocal mixing. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:149-155. [PMID: 38185598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
A substantial number of human iPS cells (hiPSCs) is needed for cell therapy to be successful against various diseases. We previously reported on a bioreactor with reciprocal mixing that produces specific physical properties that differ from those of conventional bioreactors with rotary paddle stirring. Moreover, such reactors not only provide a homogeneous environment but also allow the control of spheroid size by changing the mixing speed. In this study, we applied this bioreactor to the large-scale cultivation of hiPSCs. Approximately 10 billion hiPSCs were obtained from 2.0 L of culture, and the high expression of pluripotency markers was maintained. Our findings indicate that a bioreactor with reciprocal mixing can be used for large-scale hiPSC cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ueki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kato
- Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Mixing Technology Laboratory, Satake Multimix Corporation, 60 Niizo, Toda, Saitama 335-0021, Japan
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5
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Yamamoto R, Sakakibara R, Kim MH, Fujinaga Y, Kino-Oka M. Growth prolongation of human induced pluripotent stem cell aggregate in three-dimensional suspension culture system by addition of botulinum hemagglutinin. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:141-148. [PMID: 38110319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be used in regenerative therapy as an irresistible cell source, and so the development of scalable production of hiPSCs for three-dimensional (3D) suspension culture is required. In this study, we established a simple culture strategy for improving hiPSC aggregate growth using botulinum hemagglutinin (HA), which disrupts cell-cell adhesion mediated by E-cadherin. When HA was added to the suspension culture of hiPSC aggregates, E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion was temporarily disrupted within 24 h, but then recovered. Phosphorylated myosin light chain, a contractile force marker, was also recovered at the periphery of hiPSC aggregates. The cell aggregates were suppressed the formation of collagen type I shell-like structures at the periphery by HA and collagen type I was homogenously distributed within the cell aggregates. In addition, these cell aggregates retained the proliferation marker Ki-67 throughout the cell aggregates. The apparent specific growth rate with HA addition was maintained continuously throughout the culture, and the final cell density was 1.7-fold higher than that in the control culture. These cells retained high expression levels of pluripotency markers. These observations indicated that relaxation of cell-cell adhesions by HA addition induced rearrangement of the mechanical tensions generated by actomyosin in hiPSC aggregates and suppression of collagen type I shell-like structure formation. These results suggest that this simple and readily culture strategy is a potentially useful tool for improving the scalable production of hiPSCs for 3D suspension cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Yamamoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Sakakibara
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mee-Hae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukako Fujinaga
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-Oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Research Base for Cell Manufacturability, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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6
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Cuesta-Gomez N, Verhoeff K, Dadheech N, Dang T, Jasra IT, de Leon MB, Pawlick R, Marfil-Garza B, Anwar P, Razavy H, Zapata-Morin PA, Jickling G, Thiesen A, O'Gorman D, Kallos MS, Shapiro AMJ. Suspension culture improves iPSC expansion and pluripotency phenotype. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:154. [PMID: 37280707 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer potential to revolutionize regenerative medicine as a renewable source for islets, dopaminergic neurons, retinal cells, and cardiomyocytes. However, translation of these regenerative cell therapies requires cost-efficient mass manufacturing of high-quality human iPSCs. This study presents an improved three-dimensional Vertical-Wheel® bioreactor (3D suspension) cell expansion protocol with comparison to a two-dimensional (2D planar) protocol. METHODS Sendai virus transfection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was used to establish mycoplasma and virus free iPSC lines without common genetic duplications or deletions. iPSCs were then expanded under 2D planar and 3D suspension culture conditions. We comparatively evaluated cell expansion capacity, genetic integrity, pluripotency phenotype, and in vitro and in vivo pluripotency potential of iPSCs. RESULTS Expansion of iPSCs using Vertical-Wheel® bioreactors achieved 93.8-fold (IQR 30.2) growth compared to 19.1 (IQR 4.0) in 2D (p < 0.0022), the largest expansion potential reported to date over 5 days. 0.5 L Vertical-Wheel® bioreactors achieved similar expansion and further reduced iPSC production cost. 3D suspension expanded cells had increased proliferation, measured as Ki67+ expression using flow cytometry (3D: 69.4% [IQR 5.5%] vs. 2D: 57.4% [IQR 10.9%], p = 0.0022), and had a higher frequency of pluripotency marker (Oct4+Nanog+Sox2+) expression (3D: 94.3 [IQR 1.4] vs. 2D: 52.5% [IQR 5.6], p = 0.0079). q-PCR genetic analysis demonstrated a lack of duplications or deletions at the 8 most commonly mutated regions within iPSC lines after long-term passaging (> 25). 2D-cultured cells displayed a primed pluripotency phenotype, which transitioned to naïve after 3D-culture. Both 2D and 3D cells were capable of trilineage differentiation and following teratoma, 2D-expanded cells generated predominantly solid teratomas, while 3D-expanded cells produced more mature and predominantly cystic teratomas with lower Ki67+ expression within teratomas (3D: 16.7% [IQR 3.2%] vs.. 2D: 45.3% [IQR 3.0%], p = 0.002) in keeping with a naïve phenotype. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates nearly 100-fold iPSC expansion over 5-days using our 3D suspension culture protocol in Vertical-Wheel® bioreactors, the largest cell growth reported to date. 3D expanded cells showed enhanced in vitro and in vivo pluripotency phenotype that may support more efficient scale-up strategies and safer clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Cuesta-Gomez
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Kevin Verhoeff
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Nidheesh Dadheech
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Tiffany Dang
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Ila Tewari Jasra
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Mario Bermudez de Leon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 64720, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Rena Pawlick
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Braulio Marfil-Garza
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- CHRISTUS-LatAm Hub - Excellence and Innovation Center, 66260, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Perveen Anwar
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Haide Razavy
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Patricio Adrián Zapata-Morin
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66451, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Glen Jickling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Doug O'Gorman
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J3, Canada
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T9, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J3, Canada.
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7
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Teale MA, Schneider S, Eibl D, van den Bos C, Neubauer P, Eibl R. Mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cell-based therapeutics: a comparison. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12583-4. [PMID: 37246986 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based cell therapeutics and especially those based on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are said to have enormous developmental potential in the coming years. Their applications range from the treatment of orthopedic disorders and cardiovascular diseases to autoimmune diseases and even cancer. However, while more than 27 hMSC-derived therapeutics are currently commercially available, hiPSC-based therapeutics have yet to complete the regulatory approval process. Based on a review of the current commercially available hMSC-derived therapeutic products and upcoming hiPSC-derived products in phase 2 and 3, this paper compares the cell therapy manufacturing process between these two cell types. Moreover, the similarities as well as differences are highlighted and the resulting impact on the production process discussed. Here, emphasis is placed on (i) hMSC and hiPSC characteristics, safety, and ethical aspects, (ii) their morphology and process requirements, as well as (iii) their 2- and 3-dimensional cultivations in dependence of the applied culture medium and process mode. In doing so, also downstream processing aspects are covered and the role of single-use technology is discussed. KEY POINTS: • Mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cells exhibit distinct behaviors during cultivation • Single-use stirred bioreactor systems are preferred for the cultivation of both cell types • Future research should adapt and modify downstream processes to available single-use devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha A Teale
- Centre for Biochemical Engineering and Cell Cultivation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Grüentalstrasse 14, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Samuel Schneider
- Centre for Biochemical Engineering and Cell Cultivation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Grüentalstrasse 14, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Eibl
- Centre for Biochemical Engineering and Cell Cultivation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Grüentalstrasse 14, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Neubauer
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Berlin, ACK24, Ackerstraße 76, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine Eibl
- Centre for Biochemical Engineering and Cell Cultivation Techniques, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Grüentalstrasse 14, 8820, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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8
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von Schledorn L, Puertollano Martín D, Cleve N, Zöllner J, Roth D, Staar BO, Hegermann J, Ringshausen FC, Nawroth J, Martin U, Olmer R. Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Patient-Specific hiPSC-Derived Airway Epithelium in Air-Liquid Interface Culture Recapitulates Disease Specific Phenotypes In Vitro. Cells 2023; 12:1467. [PMID: 37296588 PMCID: PMC10252476 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare heterogenic genetic disorder associated with perturbed biogenesis or function of motile cilia. Motile cilia dysfunction results in diminished mucociliary clearance (MCC) of pathogens in the respiratory tract and chronic airway inflammation and infections successively causing progressive lung damage. Current approaches to treat PCD are symptomatic, only, indicating an urgent need for curative therapeutic options. Here, we developed an in vitro model for PCD based on human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived airway epithelium in Air-Liquid-Interface cultures. Applying transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, ciliary beat frequency, and mucociliary transport measurements, we could demonstrate that ciliated respiratory epithelia cells derived from two PCD patient-specific hiPSC lines carrying mutations in DNAH5 and NME5, respectively, recapitulate the respective diseased phenotype on a molecular, structural and functional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura von Schledorn
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany (U.M.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - David Puertollano Martín
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany (U.M.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Cleve
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany (U.M.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Janina Zöllner
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany (U.M.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Doris Roth
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus and Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ben Ole Staar
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix C. Ringshausen
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Respiratory Diseases (ERN-LUNG), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janna Nawroth
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus and Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany (U.M.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany (U.M.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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9
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Li J, Wu Y, Yao X, Tian Y, Sun X, Liu Z, Ye X, Wu C. Preclinical Research of Stem Cells: Challenges and Progress. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10528-y. [PMID: 37097496 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, great breakthroughs have been made in basic research and clinical applications of stem cells in regenerative medicine and other fields, which continue to inspire people to explore the field of stem cells. With nearly unlimited self-renewal ability, stem cells can generate at least one type of highly differentiated daughter cell, which provides broad development prospects for the treatment of human organ damage and other diseases. In the field of stem cell research, related technologies for inducing or isolating stem cells are relatively mature, and a variety of stable stem cell lines have been successfully constructed. To realize the full clinical application of stem cells as soon as possible, it is more and more important to further optimize each stage of stem cell research while conforming to Current Good Manufacture Practices (cGMP) standards. Here, we synthesized recent developments in stem cell research and focus on the introduction of xenogenicity in the preclinical research process and the remaining problems of various cell bioreactors. Our goal is to promote the development of technologies for xeno-free culture and clinical expansion of stem cells through in-depth discussion of current research. This review will provide new insight into stem cell research protocols and will contribute to the creation of efficient and stable stem cell expansion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Li
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yurou Wu
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Yao
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Tian
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Sun
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zibo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Ye
- School of Pharmacy, School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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10
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Prielhofer R, Lindner C, Sohail A, Reininger M, Graumann K. Development of Scalable Stem Cell Cultivation Processes in Bioreactors. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Lindner
- Phoenestra GmbH Hafenstr. 47–51 4020 Linz Austria
| | - A. Sohail
- Phoenestra GmbH Hafenstr. 47–51 4020 Linz Austria
| | - M. Reininger
- Phoenestra GmbH Hafenstr. 47–51 4020 Linz Austria
| | - K. Graumann
- Phoenestra GmbH Hafenstr. 47–51 4020 Linz Austria
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11
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Fuentes P, Torres MJ, Arancibia R, Aulestia F, Vergara M, Carrión F, Osses N, Altamirano C. Dynamic Culture of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Spheroids and Secretion of Paracrine Factors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:916229. [PMID: 36046670 PMCID: PMC9421039 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.916229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, conditioned medium (CM) obtained from the culture of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to effectively promote tissue repair and modulate the immune response in vitro and in different animal models, with potential for application in regenerative medicine. Using CM offers multiple advantages over the implantation of MSCs themselves: 1) simpler storage, transport, and preservation requirements, 2) avoidance of the inherent risks of cell transplantation, and 3) potential application as a ready-to-go biologic product. For these reasons, a large amount of MSCs research has focused on the characterization of the obtained CM, including soluble trophic factors and vesicles, preconditioning strategies for enhancing paracrine secretion, such as hypoxia, a three-dimensional (3D) environment, and biochemical stimuli, and potential clinical applications. In vitro preconditioning strategies can increase the viability, proliferation, and paracrine properties of MSCs and therefore improve the therapeutic potential of the cells and their derived products. Specifically, dynamic cultivation conditions, such as fluid flow and 3D aggregate culture, substantially impact cellular behaviour. Increased levels of growth factors and cytokines were observed in 3D cultures of MSC grown on orbital or rotatory shaking platforms, in stirred systems, such as spinner flasks or stirred tank reactors, and in microgravity bioreactors. However, only a few studies have established dynamic culture conditions and protocols for 3D aggregate cultivation of MSCs as a scalable and reproducible strategy for CM production. This review summarizes significant advances into the upstream processing, mainly the dynamic generation and cultivation of MSC aggregates, for de CM manufacture and focuses on the standardization of the soluble factor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Fuentes
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María José Torres
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Arancibia
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Cellus Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Francisco Aulestia
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Cellus Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Mauricio Vergara
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Osses
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- CREAS, Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudia Altamirano,
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12
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Wu H, Tang X, Wang Y, Wang N, Chen Q, Xie J, Liu S, Zhong Z, Qiu Y, Situ P, Zern MA, Wang J, Chen H, Duan Y. Dextran sulfate prevents excess aggregation of human pluripotent stem cells in 3D culture by inhibiting ICAM1 expression coupled with down-regulating E-cadherin through activating the Wnt signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:218. [PMID: 35619172 PMCID: PMC9137216 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have great potential in applications for regenerative medicine and drug development. However, 3D suspension culture systems for clinical-grade hPSC large-scale production have been a major challenge. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the addition of dextran sulfate (DS) could prevent excessive adhesion of hPSCs from forming larger aggregates in 3D suspension culture. However, the signaling and molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. Methods By using a cell aggregate culture assay and separating big and small aggregates in suspension culture systems, the potential mechanism and downstream target genes of DS were investigated by mRNA sequence analysis, qRT-PCR validation, colony formation assay, and interference assay. Results Since cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) play important roles in hPSC adhesion and aggregation, we assumed that DS might prevent excess adhesion through affecting the expression of CAMs in hPSCs. As expected, after DS treatment, we found that the expression of CAMs was significantly down-regulated, especially E-cadherin (E-cad) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), two highly expressed CAMs in hPSCs. The role of E-cad in the adhesion of hPSCs has been widely investigated, but the function of ICAM1 in hPSCs is hardly understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that ICAM1 exhibited the capacity to promote the adhesion in hPSCs, and this adhesion was suppressed by the treatment with DS. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of RNA-seq revealed that DS treatment up-regulated genes related to Wnt signaling resulting in the activation of Wnt signaling in which SLUG, TWIST, and MMP3/7 were highly expressed, and further inhibited the expression of E-cad. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that DS played an important role in controlling the size of hPSC aggregates in 3D suspension culture by inhibiting the expression of ICAM1 coupled with the down-regulation of E-cad through the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. These results represent a significant step toward developing the expansion of hPSCs under 3D suspension condition in large-scale cultures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02890-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Wu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglian Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Genetic Diseases, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Nanning, 530003, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyu Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Qicong Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghe Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoupei Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhong
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Qiu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Situ
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark A Zern
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Jue Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honglin Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, No. 382 Waihuan East Road, Suite 406, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Kwok CK, Sébastien I, Hariharan K, Meiser I, Wihan J, Altmaier S, Karnatz I, Bauer D, Fischer B, Feile A, Cabrera-Socorro A, Rasmussen M, Holst B, Neubauer JC, Clausen C, Verfaillie C, Ebneth A, Hansson M, Steeg R, Zimmermann H. Scalable expansion of iPSC and their derivatives across multiple lineages. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:23-35. [PMID: 35595152 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology enabled the production of pluripotent stem cell lines from somatic cells from a range of known genetic backgrounds. Their ability to differentiate and generate a wide variety of cell types has resulted in their use for various biomedical applications, including toxicity testing. Many of these iPSC lines are now registered in databases and stored in biobanks such as the European Bank for induced pluripotent Stem Cells (EBiSC), which can streamline the quality control and distribution of these individual lines. To generate the quantities of cells for banking and applications like high-throughput toxicity screening, scalable and robust methods need to be developed to enable the large-scale production of iPSCs. 3D suspension culture platforms are increasingly being used by stem cell researchers, owing to a higher cell output in a smaller footprint, as well as simpler scaling by increasing culture volume. Here we describe our strategies for successful scalable production of iPSCs using a benchtop bioreactor and incubator for 3D suspension cultures, while maintaining quality attributes expected of high-quality iPSC lines. Additionally, to meet the increasing demand for "ready-to-use" cell types, we report recent work to establish robust, scalable differentiation protocols to cardiac, neural, and hepatic fate to enable EBiSC to increase available research tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Keong Kwok
- Cell Therapy R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Isabelle Sébastien
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krithika Hariharan
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ina Meiser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Jeanette Wihan
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Altmaier
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Isabell Karnatz
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Bauer
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Fischer
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Feile
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Socorro
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Bjørn Holst
- Bioneer A/S, Kogle Allé 2, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Julia C Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820 Sulzbach, Germany
| | | | - Catherine Verfaillie
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, UZ Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Ebneth
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mattias Hansson
- Cell Therapy R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Rachel Steeg
- Fraunhofer UK Research Ltd, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, G1 1RD Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Neunerplatz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66820 Sulzbach, Germany; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
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14
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Tan LS, Chen JT, Lim LY, Teo AKK. Manufacturing clinical-grade human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived beta cells for diabetes treatment. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13232. [PMID: 35474596 PMCID: PMC9357357 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unlimited proliferative capacity of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) fortifies it as one of the most attractive sources for cell therapy application in diabetes. In the past two decades, vast research efforts have been invested in developing strategies to differentiate hPSCs into clinically suitable insulin‐producing endocrine cells or functional beta cells (β cells). With the end goal being clinical translation, it is critical for hPSCs and insulin‐producing β cells to be derived, handled, stored, maintained and expanded with clinical compliance. This review focuses on the key processes and guidelines for clinical translation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived β cells for diabetes cell therapy. Here, we discuss the (1) key considerations of manufacturing clinical‐grade hiPSCs, (2) scale‐up and differentiation of clinical‐grade hiPSCs into β cells in clinically compliant conditions and (3) mandatory quality control and product release criteria necessitated by various regulatory bodies to approve the use of the cell‐based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Shuen Tan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juin Ting Chen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lillian Yuxian Lim
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Udomsom S, Budwong A, Wongsa C, Sangngam P, Baipaywad P, Manaspon C, Auephanwiriyakul S, Theera-Umpon N, Paengnakorn P. Automatic Programmable Bioreactor with pH Monitoring System for Tissue Engineering Application. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050187. [PMID: 35621465 PMCID: PMC9138136 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering technology has been advanced and applied to various applications in the past few years. The presence of a bioreactor is one key factor to the successful development of advanced tissue engineering products. In this work, we developed a programmable bioreactor with a controlling program that allowed each component to be automatically operated. Moreover, we developed a new pH sensor for non-contact and real-time pH monitoring. We demonstrated that the prototype bioreactor could facilitate automatic cell culture of L929 cells. It showed that the cell viability was greater than 80% and cell proliferation was enhanced compared to that of the control obtained by a conventional cell culture procedure. This result suggests the possibility of a system that could be potentially useful for medical and industrial applications, including cultured meat, drug testing, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruk Udomsom
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.U.); (A.B.); (C.W.); (P.S.); (P.B.); (C.M.); (S.A.); (N.T.-U.)
| | - Apiwat Budwong
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.U.); (A.B.); (C.W.); (P.S.); (P.B.); (C.M.); (S.A.); (N.T.-U.)
| | - Chanyanut Wongsa
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.U.); (A.B.); (C.W.); (P.S.); (P.B.); (C.M.); (S.A.); (N.T.-U.)
| | - Pakorn Sangngam
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.U.); (A.B.); (C.W.); (P.S.); (P.B.); (C.M.); (S.A.); (N.T.-U.)
| | - Phornsawat Baipaywad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.U.); (A.B.); (C.W.); (P.S.); (P.B.); (C.M.); (S.A.); (N.T.-U.)
| | - Chawan Manaspon
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.U.); (A.B.); (C.W.); (P.S.); (P.B.); (C.M.); (S.A.); (N.T.-U.)
| | - Sansanee Auephanwiriyakul
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.U.); (A.B.); (C.W.); (P.S.); (P.B.); (C.M.); (S.A.); (N.T.-U.)
- Department of Computational Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Theera-Umpon
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.U.); (A.B.); (C.W.); (P.S.); (P.B.); (C.M.); (S.A.); (N.T.-U.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pathinan Paengnakorn
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.U.); (A.B.); (C.W.); (P.S.); (P.B.); (C.M.); (S.A.); (N.T.-U.)
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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16
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Kirchhoff H, Ricke-Hoch M, Wohlan K, Pietzsch S, Karsli Ü, Erschow S, Zweigerdt R, Ganser A, Eder M, Scherr M, Hilfiker-Kleiner D. Chemotherapy-Free Targeted Anti-BCR-ABL+ Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Therapy May Benefit the Heart. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:983. [PMID: 35205731 PMCID: PMC8870618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies are currently considered the best cost-benefit anti-cancer treatment. In hematological malignancies, however, relapse rates and non-hematopoietic side effects including cardiotoxicity remain high. Here, we describe significant heart damage due to advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with t(9;22) encoding the bcr-abl oncogene (BCR-ABL+ ALL) in murine xenotransplantation models. Echocardiography reveals severe cardiac dysfunction with impaired left ventricular function and reduced heart and cardiomyocyte dimensions associated with increased apoptosis. This cardiac damage is fully reversible, but cardiac recovery depends on the therapy used to induce ALL remission. Chemotherapy-free combination therapy with dasatinib (DAS), venetoclax (VEN) (targeting the BCR-ABL oncoprotein and mitochondrial B-cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 (BCL2), respectively), and dexamethasone (DEX) can fully revert cardiac defects, whereas the depletion of otherwise identical ALL in a genetic model using herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) cannot. Mechanistically, dexamethasone induces a pro-apoptotic BCL2-interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) expression and apoptosis in ALL cells but enhances pro-survival B-cell lymphoma extra-large (BCLXL) expression in cardiomyocytes and clinical recovery with the reversion of cardiac atrophy. These data demonstrate that therapies designed to optimize apoptosis induction in ALL may circumvent cardiac on-target side effects and may even activate cardiac recovery. In the future, combining the careful clinical monitoring of cardiotoxicity in leukemic patients with the further characterization of organ-specific side effects and signaling pathways activated by malignancy and/or anti-tumor therapies seems reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kirchhoff
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.K.); (K.W.); (Ü.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Melanie Ricke-Hoch
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.P.); (S.E.); (D.H.-K.)
| | - Katharina Wohlan
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.K.); (K.W.); (Ü.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.)
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stefan Pietzsch
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.P.); (S.E.); (D.H.-K.)
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ümran Karsli
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.K.); (K.W.); (Ü.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sergej Erschow
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.P.); (S.E.); (D.H.-K.)
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.K.); (K.W.); (Ü.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.K.); (K.W.); (Ü.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Michaela Scherr
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.K.); (K.W.); (Ü.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (S.P.); (S.E.); (D.H.-K.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Complications of Oncologic Therapies, Medical Faculty of the Philipps University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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17
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Ackermann M, Rafiei Hashtchin A, Manstein F, Carvalho Oliveira M, Kempf H, Zweigerdt R, Lachmann N. Continuous human iPSC-macrophage mass production by suspension culture in stirred tank bioreactors. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:513-539. [PMID: 35039668 PMCID: PMC7612500 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to enable the development of cell-based therapies for numerous disease conditions. We here provide a detailed protocol for the mass production of iPSC-derived macrophages (iPSC-Mac) in scalable suspension culture on an orbital shaker or in stirred-tank bioreactors (STBRs). This strategy is straightforward, robust and characterized by the differentiation of primed iPSC aggregates into 'myeloid-cell-forming-complex' intermediates by means of a minimal cytokine cocktail. In contrast to the 'batch-like differentiation approaches' established for other iPSC-derived lineages, myeloid-cell-forming-complex-intermediates are stably maintained in suspension culture and continuously generate functional and highly pure iPSC-Mac. Employing a culture volume of 120 ml in the STBR platform, ~1-4 × 107 iPSC-Mac can be harvested at weekly intervals for several months. The STBR technology allows for real-time monitoring of crucial process parameters such as biomass, pH, dissolved oxygen, and nutrition levels; the system also promotes systematic process development, optimization and linear upscaling. The process duration, from the expansion of iPSC until the first iPSC-Mac harvest, is 28 d. Successful application of the protocol requires expertise in pluripotent stem cell culture, differentiation and analytical methods, such as flow cytometry. Fundamental know-how in biotechnology is also advantageous to run the process in the STBR platform. The continuous, scalable production of well-defined iPSC-Mac populations is highly relevant to various fields, ranging from developmental biology, immunology and cell therapies to industrial applications for drug safety and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mania Ackermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Rafiei Hashtchin
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Manstein
- REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marco Carvalho Oliveira
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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18
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Torizal FG, Lau QY, Ibuki M, Kawai Y, Horikawa M, Minami M, Michiue T, Horiguchi I, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. A miniature dialysis-culture device allows high-density human-induced pluripotent stem cells expansion from growth factor accumulation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1316. [PMID: 34799690 PMCID: PMC8604949 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional aggregate-suspension culture is a potential biomanufacturing method to produce a large number of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs); however, the use of expensive growth factors and method-induced mechanical stress potentially result in inefficient production costs and difficulties in preserving pluripotency, respectively. Here, we developed a simple, miniaturized, dual-compartment dialysis-culture device based on a conventional membrane-culture insert with deep well plates. The device improved cell expansion up to approximately ~3.2 to 4×107 cells/mL. The high-density expansion was supported by reduction of excessive shear stress and agglomeration mediated by the addition of the functional polymer FP003. The results revealed accumulation of several growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor 2 and insulin, along with endogenous Nodal, which acts as a substitute for depleted transforming growth factor-β1 in maintaining pluripotency. Because we used the same growth-factor formulation per volume in the upper culture compartment, the cost reduced in inverse proportional manner with the cell density. We showed that growth-factor-accumulation dynamics in a low-shear-stress environment successfully improved hiPSC proliferation, pluripotency, and differentiation potential. This miniaturised dialysis-culture system demonstrated the feasibility of cost-effective mass production of hiPSCs in high-density culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Gandhi Torizal
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Qiao You Lau
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Ibuki
- grid.410860.b0000 0000 9776 0030Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kawai
- grid.410860.b0000 0000 9776 0030Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masato Horikawa
- grid.420062.20000 0004 1763 4894Materials Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masataka Minami
- grid.420062.20000 0004 1763 4894Materials Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Michiue
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikki Horiguchi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Rivera-Ordaz A, Peli V, Manzini P, Barilani M, Lazzari L. Critical Analysis of cGMP Large-Scale Expansion Process in Bioreactors of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Framework of Quality by Design. BioDrugs 2021; 35:693-714. [PMID: 34727354 PMCID: PMC8561684 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-021-00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are manufactured as advanced therapy medicinal products for tissue replacement applications. With this aim, the feasibility of hiPSC large-scale expansion in existing bioreactor systems under current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) has been tested. Yet, these attempts have lacked a paradigm shift in culture settings and technologies tailored to hiPSCs, which jeopardizes their clinical translation. The best approach for industrial scale-up of high-quality hiPSCs is to design their manufacturing process by following quality-by-design (QbD) principles: a scientific, risk-based framework for process design based on relating product and process attributes to product quality. In this review, we analyzed the hiPSC expansion manufacturing process implementing the QbD approach in the use of bioreactors, stressing the decisive role played by the cell quantity, quality and costs, drawing key QbD concepts directly from the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Rivera-Ordaz
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Peli
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Manzini
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Barilani
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine-Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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20
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Kosanke M, Davenport C, Szepes M, Wiehlmann L, Kohrn T, Dorda M, Gruber J, Menge K, Sievert M, Melchert A, Gruh I, Göhring G, Martin U. iPSC culture expansion selects against putatively actionable mutations in the mitochondrial genome. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2488-2502. [PMID: 34560000 PMCID: PMC8514965 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic application of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derivatives requires comprehensive assessment of the integrity of their nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to exclude oncogenic potential and functional deficits. It is unknown, to which extent mtDNA variants originate from their parental cells or from de novo mutagenesis, and whether dynamics in heteroplasmy levels are caused by inter- and intracellular selection or genetic drift. Sequencing of mtDNA of 26 iPSC clones did not reveal evidence for de novo mutagenesis, or for any selection processes during reprogramming or differentiation. Culture expansion, however, selected against putatively actionable mtDNA mutations. Altogether, our findings point toward a scenario in which intracellular selection of mtDNA variants during culture expansion shapes the mutational landscape of the mitochondrial genome. Our results suggest that intercellular selection and genetic drift exert minor impact and that the bottleneck effect in context of the mtDNA genetic pool might have been overestimated. Expansion culture selects against putatively actionable mtDNA mutations in iPSCs Intracellular selection on mtDNA molecules shapes the mutational landscape Random genetic drift and intercellular selection exert minor impact Selection acts during culture expansion but not during reprogramming or differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Kosanke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Colin Davenport
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Szepes
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lutz Wiehlmann
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Kohrn
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie Dorda
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jonas Gruber
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kaja Menge
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Sievert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Melchert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Göhring
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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21
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Dellaquila A, Le Bao C, Letourneur D, Simon‐Yarza T. In Vitro Strategies to Vascularize 3D Physiologically Relevant Models. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100798. [PMID: 34351702 PMCID: PMC8498873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization of 3D models represents a major challenge of tissue engineering and a key prerequisite for their clinical and industrial application. The use of prevascularized models built from dedicated materials could solve some of the actual limitations, such as suboptimal integration of the bioconstructs within the host tissue, and would provide more in vivo-like perfusable tissue and organ-specific platforms. In the last decade, the fabrication of vascularized physiologically relevant 3D constructs has been attempted by numerous tissue engineering strategies, which are classified here in microfluidic technology, 3D coculture models, namely, spheroids and organoids, and biofabrication. In this review, the recent advancements in prevascularization techniques and the increasing use of natural and synthetic materials to build physiological organ-specific models are discussed. Current drawbacks of each technology, future perspectives, and translation of vascularized tissue constructs toward clinics, pharmaceutical field, and industry are also presented. By combining complementary strategies, these models are envisioned to be successfully used for regenerative medicine and drug development in a near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Dellaquila
- Université de ParisINSERM U1148X Bichat HospitalParisF‐75018France
- Elvesys Microfluidics Innovation CenterParis75011France
- Biomolecular PhotonicsDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of BielefeldBielefeld33615Germany
| | - Chau Le Bao
- Université de ParisINSERM U1148X Bichat HospitalParisF‐75018France
- Université Sorbonne Paris NordGalilée InstituteVilletaneuseF‐93430France
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22
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Ueki M, Tansho N, Sato M, Kanamori H, Kato Y. Improved cultivation of Chinese hamster ovary cells in bioreactor with reciprocal mixing. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:531-536. [PMID: 34474981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have constructed a new bioreactor with reciprocal mixing that is better suited for the cultivation of delicate animal cells. In-silico simulation (computational fluid dynamics) suggested both maximum and average shear stresses in the bioreactor with reciprocal mixing to be remarkably lower than in a conventional bioreactor with rotary mixing. Although we could not find any difference in growth speed and cell density between the bioreactors with reciprocal and rotary mixing, we did find cell viability in the reciprocal-mixing bioreactor to be retained longer than in the rotary-paddle bioreactor. This implied that cell culture in a bioreactor with reciprocal mixing could be prolonged for the production of target proteins. Leakage of lactate dehydrogenase activity into the culture medium was suppressed much more in the reciprocal-mixing bioreactor than in the rotary-paddle one. Production of human tissue plasminogen activator in the former system was also observed to be much higher than in the latter. Therefore, a bioreactor with reciprocal mixing was concluded to be better suited for the cultivation of animal cells and efficient production of proteins, such as antibody drugs and various growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ueki
- Animal Cell Incubator Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Tansho
- Animal Cell Incubator Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Mixing Technology Laboratory, Satake Chemical Equipment Mfg., Ltd., 60 Niizo, Toda, Saitama 335-0021, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Animal Cell Incubator Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Mixing Technology Laboratory, Satake Chemical Equipment Mfg., Ltd., 60 Niizo, Toda, Saitama 335-0021, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Kanamori
- Animal Cell Incubator Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Mixing Technology Laboratory, Satake Chemical Equipment Mfg., Ltd., 60 Niizo, Toda, Saitama 335-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kato
- Animal Cell Incubator Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Mixing Technology Laboratory, Satake Chemical Equipment Mfg., Ltd., 60 Niizo, Toda, Saitama 335-0021, Japan
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23
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Appelt-Menzel A, Oerter S, Mathew S, Haferkamp U, Hartmann C, Jung M, Neuhaus W, Pless O. Human iPSC-Derived Blood-Brain Barrier Models: Valuable Tools for Preclinical Drug Discovery and Development? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 55:e122. [PMID: 32956578 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Translating basic biological knowledge into applications remains a key issue for effectively tackling neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, or neuroendocrine disorders. Efficient delivery of therapeutics across the neuroprotective blood-brain barrier (BBB) still poses a demanding challenge for drug development targeting central nervous system diseases. Validated in vitro models of the BBB could facilitate effective testing of drug candidates targeting the brain early in the drug discovery process during lead generation. We here review the potential of mono- or (isogenic) co-culture BBB models based on brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and compare them to several available BBB in vitro models from primary human or non-human cells and to rodent in vivo models, as well as to classical and widely used barrier models [Caco-2, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA)]. In particular, we are discussing the features and predictivity of these models and how hiPSC-derived BBB models could impact future discovery and development of novel CNS-targeting therapeutics. © 2020 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Appelt-Menzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, Germany.,University Hospital Würzburg, Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Oerter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, Germany.,University Hospital Würzburg, Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sanjana Mathew
- University Hospital Würzburg, Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Undine Haferkamp
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carla Hartmann
- University Hospital Halle, University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Julius-Kuehn-Strasse 7, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Jung
- University Hospital Halle, University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Julius-Kuehn-Strasse 7, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Ammonia adsorption by L-type zeolite and Prussian blue from aqueous and culture solutions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Nogueira DES, Rodrigues CAV, Hashimura Y, Jung S, Lee B, Cabral JMS. Suspension Culture of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Single-Use Vertical-Wheel™ Bioreactors Using Aggregate and Microcarrier Culture Systems. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2286:167-178. [PMID: 33381855 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2020_287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the potential to be used in a variety of biomedical applications, including drug discovery and Regenerative Medicine. The success of these approaches is, however, limited by the difficulty of generating the large quantities of cells required in a reproducible and controlled system. Bioreactors, widely used for industrial manufacture of biological products, constitute a viable strategy for large-scale production of stem cell derivatives. In this chapter, we describe the expansion of hiPSCs using the Vertical-Wheel™ bioreactor, a novel bioreactor configuration specifically designed for the culture of shear-sensitive cells. We provide protocols for the expansion of hiPSCs in suspension, both as floating aggregates and using microcarriers for cell adhesion. These methods may be important for the establishment of a scalable culture of hiPSCs, allowing the manufacturing of industrial- or clinical-scale cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo E S Nogueira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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26
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Nogueira DE, Cabral JM, Rodrigues CA. Single-Use Bioreactors for Human Pluripotent and Adult Stem Cells: Towards Regenerative Medicine Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:68. [PMID: 34067549 PMCID: PMC8156863 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on human stem cells, such as pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells, has shown much promise in their use for regenerative medicine approaches. However, their use in patients requires large-scale expansion systems while maintaining the quality of the cells. Due to their characteristics, bioreactors have been regarded as ideal platforms to harbour stem cell biomanufacturing at a large scale. Specifically, single-use bioreactors have been recommended by regulatory agencies due to reducing the risk of product contamination, and many different systems have already been developed. This review describes single-use bioreactor platforms which have been used for human stem cell expansion and differentiation, along with their comparison with reusable systems in the development of a stem cell bioprocess for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo E.S. Nogueira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.E.S.N.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M.S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.E.S.N.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A.V. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.E.S.N.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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27
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Silva TP, Sousa-Luís R, Fernandes TG, Bekman EP, Rodrigues CAV, Vaz SH, Moreira LM, Hashimura Y, Jung S, Lee B, Carmo-Fonseca M, Cabral JMS. Transcriptome profiling of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebellar organoids reveals faster commitment under dynamic conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2781-2803. [PMID: 33871054 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have great potential for disease modeling. However, generating iPSC-derived models to study brain diseases remains a challenge. In particular, the ability to recapitulate cerebellar development in vitro is still limited. We presented a reproducible and scalable production of cerebellar organoids by using the novel single-use Vertical-Wheel bioreactors, in which functional cerebellar neurons were obtained. Here, we evaluate the global gene expression profiles by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) across cerebellar differentiation, demonstrating a faster cerebellar commitment in this novel dynamic differentiation protocol. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiles suggest a significant enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) in dynamic-derived cerebellar organoids, which can better mimic the neural microenvironment and support a consistent neuronal network. Thus, an efficient generation of organoids with cerebellar identity was achieved for the first time in a continuous process using a dynamic system without the need of organoids encapsulation in ECM-based hydrogels, allowing the possibility of large-scale production and application in high-throughput processes. The presence of factors that favors angiogenesis onset was also detected in dynamic conditions, which can enhance functional maturation of cerebellar organoids. We anticipate that large-scale production of cerebellar organoids may help developing models for drug screening, toxicological tests, and studying pathological pathways involved in cerebellar degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Sousa-Luís
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evguenia P Bekman
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, Portugal
| | - Leonilde M Moreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Brian Lee
- PBS Biotech, Camarillo, California, USA
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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28
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Andrade AC, Wolf M, Binder HM, Gomes FG, Manstein F, Ebner-Peking P, Poupardin R, Zweigerdt R, Schallmoser K, Strunk D. Hypoxic Conditions Promote the Angiogenic Potential of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083890. [PMID: 33918735 PMCID: PMC8070165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells secrete paracrine factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs) which can mediate cellular communication and support the regeneration of injured tissues. Reduced oxygen (hypoxia) as a key regulator in development and regeneration may influence cellular communication via EVs. We asked whether hypoxic conditioning during human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) culture effects their EV quantity, quality or EV-based angiogenic potential. We produced iPSC-EVs from large-scale culture-conditioned media at 1%, 5% and 18% air oxygen using tangential flow filtration (TFF), with or without subsequent concentration by ultracentrifugation (TUCF). EVs were quantified by tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), characterized according to MISEV2018 guidelines, and analyzed for angiogenic potential. We observed superior EV recovery by TFF compared to TUCF. We confirmed hypoxia efficacy by HIF-1α stabilization and pimonidazole hypoxyprobe. EV quantity did not differ significantly at different oxygen conditions. Significantly elevated angiogenic potential was observed for iPSC-EVs derived from 1% oxygen culture by TFF or TUCF as compared to EVs obtained at higher oxygen or the corresponding EV-depleted soluble factor fractions. Data thus demonstrate that cell-culture oxygen conditions and mode of EV preparation affect iPSC-EV function. We conclude that selecting appropriate protocols will further improve production of particularly potent iPSC-EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Cronemberger Andrade
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Martin Wolf
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Heide-Marie Binder
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Fausto Gueths Gomes
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.G.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Felix Manstein
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (R.Z.)
| | - Patricia Ebner-Peking
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.M.); (R.Z.)
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (F.G.G.); (K.S.)
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (A.C.A.); (M.W.); (H.-M.B.); (P.E.-P.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Baudequin T, Nyland R, Ye H. Objectives, benefits and challenges of bioreactor systems for the clinical-scale expansion of T lymphocyte cells. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107735. [PMID: 33781889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapies based on T cell have gathered interest over the last decades for treatment of cancers, becoming recently the most investigated lineage for clinical trials. Although results of adoptive cell therapies are very promising, obtaining large batches of T cell at clinical scale is still challenging nowadays. We propose here a review study focusing on how bioreactor systems could increase expansion rates of T cell culture specifically towards efficient, reliable and reproducible cell therapies. After describing the specificities of T cell culture, in particular activation, phenotypical characterization and cell density considerations, we detail the main objectives of bioreactors in this context, namely scale-up, GMP-compliance and reduced time and costs. Then, we report recent advances on the different classes of bioreactor systems commonly investigated for non-adherent cell expansion, in comparison with the current "gold standard" of T cell culture (flasks and culture bag). Results obtained with hollow fibres, G-Rex® flasks, Wave bioreactor, multiple-step bioreactors, spinner flasks as well as original homemade designs are discussed to highlight advantages and drawbacks in regards to T cells' specificities. Although there is currently no consensus on an optimal bioreactor, overall, most systems reviewed here can improve T cell culture towards faster, easier and/or cheaper protocols. They also offer strong outlooks towards automation, process control and complete closed systems, which could be mandatory developments for a massive clinical breakthrough. However, proper controls are sometimes lacking to conclude clearly on the features leading to the progresses regarding cell expansion, and the field could benefit from process engineering methods, such as quality by design, to perform multi parameters studies and face these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Baudequin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Robin Nyland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Hua Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
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30
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Manstein F, Ullmann K, Kropp C, Halloin C, Triebert W, Franke A, Farr CM, Sahabian A, Haase A, Breitkreuz Y, Peitz M, Brüstle O, Kalies S, Martin U, Olmer R, Zweigerdt R. High density bioprocessing of human pluripotent stem cells by metabolic control and in silico modeling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1063-1080. [PMID: 33660952 PMCID: PMC8235132 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To harness the full potential of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) we combined instrumented stirred tank bioreactor (STBR) technology with the power of in silico process modeling to overcome substantial, hPSC‐specific hurdles toward their mass production. Perfused suspension culture (3D) of matrix‐free hPSC aggregates in STBRs was applied to identify and control process‐limiting parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen, glucose and lactate levels, and the obviation of osmolality peaks provoked by high density culture. Media supplements promoted single cell‐based process inoculation and hydrodynamic aggregate size control. Wet lab‐derived process characteristics enabled predictive in silico modeling as a new rational for hPSC cultivation. Consequently, hPSC line‐independent maintenance of exponential cell proliferation was achieved. The strategy yielded 70‐fold cell expansion in 7 days achieving an unmatched density of 35 × 106 cells/mL equivalent to 5.25 billion hPSC in 150 mL scale while pluripotency, differentiation potential, and karyotype stability was maintained. In parallel, media requirements were reduced by 75% demonstrating the outstanding increase in efficiency. Minimal input to our in silico model accurately predicts all main process parameters; combined with calculation‐controlled hPSC aggregation kinetics, linear process upscaling is also enabled and demonstrated for up to 500 mL scale in an independent bioreactor system. Thus, by merging applied stem cell research with recent knowhow from industrial cell fermentation, a new level of hPSC bioprocessing is revealed fueling their automated production for industrial and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Manstein
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kevin Ullmann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Kropp
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Caroline Halloin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Triebert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Franke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Clara-Milena Farr
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anais Sahabian
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Haase
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yannik Breitkreuz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Cell Programming Core Facility, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalies
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Wang L, Serpooshan V, Zhang J. Engineering Human Cardiac Muscle Patch Constructs for Prevention of Post-infarction LV Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:621781. [PMID: 33718449 PMCID: PMC7952323 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.621781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering combines principles of engineering and biology to generate living tissue equivalents for drug testing, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. As techniques for reprogramming human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and subsequently differentiating them into cardiomyocytes and other cardiac cells have become increasingly efficient, progress toward the development of engineered human cardiac muscle patch (hCMP) and heart tissue analogs has accelerated. A few pilot clinical studies in patients with post-infarction LV remodeling have been already approved. Conventional methods for hCMP fabrication include suspending cells within scaffolds, consisting of biocompatible materials, or growing two-dimensional sheets that can be stacked to form multilayered constructs. More recently, advanced technologies, such as micropatterning and three-dimensional bioprinting, have enabled fabrication of hCMP architectures at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. However, the studies working on various hCMP-based strategies for in vivo tissue repair face several major obstacles, including the inadequate scalability for clinical applications, poor integration and engraftment rate, and the lack of functional vasculature. Here, we review many of the recent advancements and key concerns in cardiac tissue engineering, focusing primarily on the production of hCMPs at clinical/industrial scales that are suitable for administration to patients with myocardial disease. The wide variety of cardiac cell types and sources that are applicable to hCMP biomanufacturing are elaborated. Finally, some of the key challenges remaining in the field and potential future directions to address these obstacles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Sahabian A, Dahlmann J, Martin U, Olmer R. Production and cryopreservation of definitive endoderm from human pluripotent stem cells under defined and scalable culture conditions. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1581-1599. [PMID: 33580232 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endodermal germ layer gives rise to respiratory epithelium, hepatocytes, pancreatic cells and intestinal lineages, among other cell types. These lineages can be differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) via a common definitive endoderm (DE) intermediate that is characterized by the co-expression of the cell surface markers CXCR4, c-KIT and EPCAM and the transcription factors SOX17 and FOXA2. Here we provide a detailed protocol for mass production of DE from hPSCs in scalable and easy-to-handle suspension culture using a rotating Erlenmeyer flask or a sophisticated, fully controllable, 150-ml stirred tank bioreactor. This protocol uses two different media formulations that are chemically defined and xeno free and therefore good manufacturing practice ready. Our protocol allows for efficient hPSC-derived DE specification in multicellular aggregates within 3 days and generates up to 1 × 108 DE cells with >92% purity in one differentiation batch when using the bioreactor. The hPSC-derived DE cells that are generated can be cryopreserved for later downstream differentiation into various endodermal lineages. This protocol should facilitate the flexible production of mature DE derivatives for physiologically relevant disease models, high-throughput drug screening, toxicology testing and cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Sahabian
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Dahlmann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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33
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Borys BS, Dang T, So T, Rohani L, Revay T, Walsh T, Thompson M, Argiropoulos B, Rancourt DE, Jung S, Hashimura Y, Lee B, Kallos MS. Overcoming bioprocess bottlenecks in the large-scale expansion of high-quality hiPSC aggregates in vertical-wheel stirred suspension bioreactors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:55. [PMID: 33436078 PMCID: PMC7805206 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold enormous promise in accelerating breakthroughs in understanding human development, drug screening, disease modeling, and cell and gene therapies. Their potential, however, has been bottlenecked in a mostly laboratory setting due to bioprocess challenges in the scale-up of large quantities of high-quality cells for clinical and manufacturing purposes. While several studies have investigated the production of hiPSCs in bioreactors, the use of conventional horizontal-impeller, paddle, and rocking-wave mixing mechanisms have demonstrated unfavorable hydrodynamic environments for hiPSC growth and quality maintenance. This study focused on using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to aid in characterizing and optimizing the use of vertical-wheel bioreactors for hiPSC production. METHODS The vertical-wheel bioreactor was modeled with CFD simulation software Fluent at agitation rates between 20 and 100 rpm. These models produced fluid flow patterns that mapped out a hydrodynamic environment to guide in the development of hiPSC inoculation and in-vessel aggregate dissociation protocols. The effect of single-cell inoculation on aggregate formation and growth was tested at select CFD-modeled agitation rates and feeding regimes in the vertical-wheel bioreactor. An in-vessel dissociation protocol was developed through the testing of various proteolytic enzymes and agitation exposure times. RESULTS CFD modeling demonstrated the unique flow pattern and homogeneous distribution of hydrodynamic forces produced in the vertical-wheel bioreactor, making it the opportune environment for systematic bioprocess optimization of hiPSC expansion. We developed a scalable, single-cell inoculation protocol for the culture of hiPSCs as aggregates in vertical-wheel bioreactors, achieving over 30-fold expansion in 6 days without sacrificing cell quality. We have also provided the first published protocol for in-vessel hiPSC aggregate dissociation, permitting the entire bioreactor volume to be harvested into single cells for serial passaging into larger scale reactors. Importantly, the cells harvested and re-inoculated into scaled-up vertical-wheel bioreactors not only maintained consistent growth kinetics, they maintained a normal karyotype and pluripotent characterization and function. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these protocols provide a feasible solution for the culture of high-quality hiPSCs at a clinical and manufacturing scale by overcoming some of the major documented bioprocess bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna S Borys
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Tiffany Dang
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Tania So
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Leili Rohani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tamas Revay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Health Services, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Tylor Walsh
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Madalynn Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Bob Argiropoulos
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Health Services, Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Drive, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sunghoon Jung
- PBS Biotech Inc, 1183 Calle Suerte, Camarillo, CA, 93012, USA
| | - Yas Hashimura
- PBS Biotech Inc, 1183 Calle Suerte, Camarillo, CA, 93012, USA
| | - Brian Lee
- PBS Biotech Inc, 1183 Calle Suerte, Camarillo, CA, 93012, USA
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Jacobson EF, Chen Z, Stoukides DM, Nair GG, Hebrok M, Tzanakakis ES. Non-xenogeneic expansion and definitive endoderm differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells in an automated bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:979-991. [PMID: 33205831 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Scalable processes are requisite for the robust biomanufacturing of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived therapeutics. Toward this end, we demonstrate the xeno-free expansion and directed differentiation of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells to definitive endoderm (DE) in a controlled stirred suspension bioreactor (SSB). Based on previous work on converting hPSCs to insulin-producing progeny, differentiation of two hPSC lines was optimized in planar cultures yielding up to 87% FOXA2+ /SOX17+ cells. Next, hPSCs were propagated in an SSB with controlled pH and dissolved oxygen. Cultures displayed a 10- to 12-fold increase in cell number over 5-6 days with the maintenance of pluripotency (>85% OCT4+ ) and viability (>85%). For differentiation, SSB cultures yielded up to 89% FOXA2+ /SOX17+ cells or ~ 8 DE cells per seeded hPSC. Specification to DE cell fate was consistently more efficient in the bioreactor compared to planar cultures. Hence, a tunable strategy is established that is suitable for the xeno-free manufacturing of DE cells from different hPSC lines in scalable SSBs. This study advances bioprocess development for producing a wide gamut of human DE cell-derived therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Jacobson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zijing Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Demetrios M Stoukides
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gopika G Nair
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Cell Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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35
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Martínez-Botía P, Acebes-Huerta A, Seghatchian J, Gutiérrez L. On the Quest for In Vitro Platelet Production by Re-Tailoring the Concepts of Megakaryocyte Differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56120671. [PMID: 33287459 PMCID: PMC7761839 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The demand of platelet transfusions is steadily growing worldwide, inter-donor variation, donor dependency, or storability/viability being the main contributing factors to the current global, donor-dependent platelet concentrate shortage concern. In vitro platelet production has been proposed as a plausible alternative to cover, at least partially, the increasing demand. However, in practice, such a logical production strategy does not lack complexity, and hence, efforts are focused internationally on developing large scale industrial methods and technologies to provide efficient, viable, and functional platelet production. This would allow obtaining not only sufficient numbers of platelets but also functional ones fit for all clinical purposes and civil scenarios. In this review, we cover the evolution around the in vitro culture and differentiation of megakaryocytes into platelets, the progress made thus far to bring the culture concept from basic research towards good manufacturing practices certified production, and subsequent clinical trial studies. However, little is known about how these in vitro products should be stored or whether any safety measure should be implemented (e.g., pathogen reduction technology), as well as their quality assessment (how to isolate platelets from the rest of the culture cells, debris, microvesicles, or what their molecular and functional profile is). Importantly, we highlight how the scientific community has overcome the old dogmas and how the new perspectives influence the future of platelet-based therapy for transfusion purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Martínez-Botía
- Platelet Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (P.M.-B.); (A.A.-H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Andrea Acebes-Huerta
- Platelet Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (P.M.-B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Strategic Safety/Quality Improvements of Blood-Derived Bioproducts and Suppliers Quality Audit/Inspection, London NW3 3AA, UK;
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Platelet Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (P.M.-B.); (A.A.-H.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence:
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36
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Nath SC, Harper L, Rancourt DE. Cell-Based Therapy Manufacturing in Stirred Suspension Bioreactor: Thoughts for cGMP Compliance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:599674. [PMID: 33324625 PMCID: PMC7726241 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.599674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy (CBT) is attracting much attention to treat incurable diseases. In recent years, several clinical trials have been conducted using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), and other potential therapeutic cells. Various private- and government-funded organizations are investing in finding permanent cures for diseases that are difficult or expensive to treat over a lifespan, such as age-related macular degeneration, Parkinson’s disease, or diabetes, etc. Clinical-grade cell manufacturing requiring current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) has therefore become an important issue to make safe and effective CBT products. Current cell production practices are adopted from conventional antibody or protein production in the pharmaceutical industry, wherein cells are used as a vector to produce the desired products. With CBT, however, the “cells are the final products” and sensitive to physico- chemical parameters and storage conditions anywhere between isolation and patient administration. In addition, the manufacturing of cellular products involves multi-stage processing, including cell isolation, genetic modification, PSC derivation, expansion, differentiation, purification, characterization, cryopreservation, etc. Posing a high risk of product contamination, these can be time- and cost- prohibitive due to maintenance of cGMP. The growing demand of CBT needs integrated manufacturing systems that can provide a more simple and cost-effective platform. Here, we discuss the current methods and limitations of CBT, based upon experience with biologics production. We review current cell manufacturing integration, automation and provide an overview of some important considerations and best cGMP practices. Finally, we propose how multi-stage cell processing can be integrated into a single bioreactor, in order to develop streamlined cGMP-compliant cell processing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman C Nath
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lane Harper
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Szepes M, Melchert A, Dahlmann J, Hegermann J, Werlein C, Jonigk D, Haverich A, Martin U, Olmer R, Gruh I. Dual Function of iPSC-Derived Pericyte-Like Cells in Vascularization and Fibrosis-Related Cardiac Tissue Remodeling In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8947. [PMID: 33255686 PMCID: PMC7728071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial interstitial fibrosis (MIF) is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, increased myocardial stiffness, functional weakening, and compensatory cardiomyocyte (CM) hypertrophy. Fibroblasts (Fbs) are considered the principal source of ECM, but the contribution of perivascular cells, including pericytes (PCs), has gained attention, since MIF develops primarily around small vessels. The pathogenesis of MIF is difficult to study in humans because of the pleiotropy of mutually influencing pathomechanisms, unpredictable side effects, and the lack of available patient samples. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer the unique opportunity for the de novo formation of bioartificial cardiac tissue (BCT) using a variety of different cardiovascular cell types to model aspects of MIF pathogenesis in vitro. Here, we have optimized a protocol for the derivation of hPSC-derived PC-like cells (iPSC-PCs) and present a BCT in vitro model of MIF that shows their central influence on interstitial collagen deposition and myocardial tissue stiffening. This model was used to study the interplay of different cell types-i.e., hPSC-derived CMs, endothelial cells (ECs), and iPSC-PCs or primary Fbs, respectively. While iPSC-PCs improved the sarcomere structure and supported vascularization in a PC-like fashion, the functional and histological parameters of BCTs revealed EC- and PC-mediated effects on fibrosis-related cardiac tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szepes
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Anna Melchert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Julia Dahlmann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Danny Jonigk
- REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Axel Haverich
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (M.S.); (A.M.); (J.D.); (A.H.); (U.M.); (R.O.)
- REBIRTH—Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
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A Concise Review on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Personalized Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:748-776. [PMID: 33098306 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from somatic cells by using reprogramming factors such as Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) or Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and Lin28 (OSNL). They resemble embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and have the ability to differentiate into cell lineage of all three germ-layer, including cardiomyocytes (CMs). The CMs can be generated from iPSCs by inducing embryoid bodies (EBs) formation and treatment with activin A, bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), and inhibitors of Wnt signaling. However, these iPSC-derived CMs are a heterogeneous population of cells and require purification and maturation to mimic the in vivo CMs. The matured CMs can be used for various therapeutic purposes in regenerative medicine by cardiomyoplasty or through the development of tissue-engineered cardiac patches. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the isolation of iPSC and their differentiation, purification, and maturation into clinically usable CMs. Newer small molecules have also been identified to substitute the reprogramming factors for iPSC generation as well as for direct differentiation of somatic cells into CMs without an intermediary pluripotent state. This review provides a concise update on the generation of iPSC-derived CMs and their application in personalized cardiac regenerative medicine. It also discusses the current limitations and challenges in the application of iPSC-derived CMs. Graphical abstract.
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39
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Nair GG, Tzanakakis ES, Hebrok M. Emerging routes to the generation of functional β-cells for diabetes mellitus cell therapy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:506-518. [PMID: 32587391 PMCID: PMC9188823 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, which affects more than 463 million people globally, is caused by the autoimmune ablation or functional loss of insulin-producing β-cells, and prevalence is projected to continue rising over the next decades. Generating β-cells to mitigate the aberrant glucose homeostasis manifested in the disease has remained elusive. Substantial advances have been made in producing mature β-cells from human pluripotent stem cells that respond appropriately to dynamic changes in glucose concentrations in vitro and rapidly function in vivo following transplantation in mice. Other potential avenues to produce functional β-cells include: transdifferentiation of closely related cell types (for example, other pancreatic islet cells such as α-cells, or other cells derived from endoderm); the engineering of non-β-cells that are capable of modulating blood sugar; and the construction of synthetic 'cells' or particles mimicking functional aspects of β-cells. This Review focuses on the current status of generating β-cells via these diverse routes, highlighting the unique advantages and challenges of each approach. Given the remarkable progress in this field, scalable bioengineering processes are also discussed for the realization of the therapeutic potential of derived β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika G Nair
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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40
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Samaras JJ, Micheletti M, Ducci A. Flow, suspension, and mixing dynamics in
DASGIP
bioreactors: Part 1. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin J. Samaras
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London London UK
| | - Martina Micheletti
- Department of Biochemical Engineering University College London London UK
| | - Andrea Ducci
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University College London London UK
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41
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Williams B, Löbel W, Finklea F, Halloin C, Ritzenhoff K, Manstein F, Mohammadi S, Hashemi M, Zweigerdt R, Lipke E, Cremaschi S. Prediction of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiac Differentiation Outcome by Multifactorial Process Modeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:851. [PMID: 32793579 PMCID: PMC7390976 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cardiomyocytes (CMs) have potential for use in therapeutic cell therapy and high-throughput drug screening. Because of the inability to expand adult CMs, their large-scale production from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has been suggested. Significant improvements have been made in understanding directed differentiation processes of CMs from hPSCs and their suspension culture-based production at chemically defined conditions. However, optimization experiments are costly, time-consuming, and highly variable, leading to challenges in developing reliable and consistent protocols for the generation of large CM numbers at high purity. This study examined the ability of data-driven modeling with machine learning for identifying key experimental conditions and predicting final CM content using data collected during hPSC-cardiac differentiation in advanced stirred tank bioreactors (STBRs). Through feature selection, we identified process conditions, features, and patterns that are the most influential on and predictive of the CM content at the process endpoint, on differentiation day 10 (dd10). Process-related features were extracted from experimental data collected from 58 differentiation experiments by feature engineering. These features included data continuously collected online by the bioreactor system, such as dissolved oxygen concentration and pH patterns, as well as offline determined data, including the cell density, cell aggregate size, and nutrient concentrations. The selected features were used as inputs to construct models to classify the resulting CM content as being "sufficient" or "insufficient" regarding pre-defined thresholds. The models built using random forests and Gaussian process modeling predicted insufficient CM content for a differentiation process with 90% accuracy and precision on dd7 of the protocol and with 85% accuracy and 82% precision at a substantially earlier stage: dd5. These models provide insight into potential key factors affecting hPSC cardiac differentiation to aid in selecting future experimental conditions and can predict the final CM content at earlier process timepoints, providing cost and time savings. This study suggests that data-driven models and machine learning techniques can be employed using existing data for understanding and improving production of a specific cell type, which is potentially applicable to other lineages and critical for realization of their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Wiebke Löbel
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ferdous Finklea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Caroline Halloin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katharina Ritzenhoff
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Felix Manstein
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Samira Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Selen Cremaschi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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42
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Martínez-Botía P, Acebes-Huerta A, Seghatchian J, Gutiérrez L. In vitro platelet production for transfusion purposes: Where are we now? Transfus Apher Sci 2020; 59:102864. [PMID: 32646795 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade there has been a worldwide increase in the demand of platelet concentrates (PCs) for transfusion. This is, to a great extent, due to a growing and aging population with the concomitant increase in the incidence of onco-hematological diseases, which require frequent platelet (PLT) transfusions. Currently, PLTs are sourced uniquely from donations, and their storage time is limited only to a few days. The necessity to store PCs at room temperature (to minimize loss of PLT functional integrity), poses a major risk for bacterial contamination. While the implementation of pathogen reduction treatments (PRTs) and new-generation PLT additive solutions have allowed the extension of the shelf life and a safer PLT transfusion product, the concern of PCs shortage still pressures the scientific community to find alternative solutions with the aim of meeting the PLT transfusion increasing demand. In this concise report, we will focus on the efforts made to produce, in in vitro culture, high yields of viable and functional PLTs for transfusion purposes in a cost-effective manner, meeting not only current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs), but also transfusion safety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Martínez-Botía
- Platelet Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Dept. of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Andrea Acebes-Huerta
- Platelet Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Strategic Advices on Safety Improvements of Blood-Derived Bioproducts and Suppliers Quality Audit / Inspection, London, England, UK
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Platelet Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Dept. of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain.
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43
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Modulation of Wnt and Activin/Nodal supports efficient derivation, cloning and suspension expansion of human pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2020; 249:120015. [PMID: 32311594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Various culture systems have been used to derive and maintain human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), but they are inefficient in sustaining cloning and suspension expansion of hPSCs. Through systematically modulating Wnt and Activin/Nodal signaling, we developed a defined medium (termed AIC), which enables efficient cloning and long-term expansion of hPSCs (AIC-hPSCs) through single-cell passage on feeders, matrix or in suspension (25-fold expansion in 4 days) and maintains genomic stability of hPSCs over extensive expansion. Moreover, the AIC medium supports efficient derivation of hPSCs from blastocysts or somatic cells under feeder-free conditions. Compared to conventional hPSCs, AIC-hPSCs have similar gene expression profiles but down-regulated differentiation genes and display higher metabolic activity. Additionally, the AIC medium shows a good compatibility for different hPSC lines under various culture conditions. Our study provides a robust culture system for derivation, cloning and suspension expansion of high-quality hPSCs that benefits GMP production and processing of therapeutic hPSC products.
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44
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Laco F, Lam ATL, Woo TL, Tong G, Ho V, Soong PL, Grishina E, Lin KH, Reuveny S, Oh SKW. Selection of human induced pluripotent stem cells lines optimization of cardiomyocytes differentiation in an integrated suspension microcarrier bioreactor. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:118. [PMID: 32183888 PMCID: PMC7076930 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The production of large quantities of cardiomyocyte is essential for the needs of cellular therapies. This study describes the selection of a human-induced pluripotent cell (hiPSC) line suitable for production of cardiomyocytes in a fully integrated bioprocess of stem cell expansion and differentiation in microcarrier stirred tank reactor. Methods Five hiPSC lines were evaluated first for their cardiac differentiation efficiency in monolayer cultures followed by their expansion and differentiation compatibility in microcarrier (MC) cultures under continuous stirring conditions. Results Three cell lines were highly cardiogenic but only one (FR202) of them was successfully expanded on continuous stirring MC cultures. FR202 was thus selected for cardiac differentiation in a 22-day integrated bioprocess under continuous stirring in a stirred tank bioreactor. In summary, we integrated a MC-based hiPSC expansion (phase 1), CHIR99021-induced cardiomyocyte differentiation step (phase 2), purification using the lactate-based treatment (phase 3) and cell recovery step (phase 4) into one process in one bioreactor, under restricted oxygen control (< 30% DO) and continuous stirring with periodic batch-type media exchanges. High density of undifferentiated hiPSC (2 ± 0.4 × 106 cells/mL) was achieved in the expansion phase. By controlling the stirring speed and DO levels in the bioreactor cultures, 7.36 ± 1.2 × 106 cells/mL cardiomyocytes with > 80% Troponin T were generated in the CHIR99021-induced differentiation phase. By adding lactate in glucose-free purification media, the purity of cardiomyocytes was enhanced (> 90% Troponin T), with minor cell loss as indicated by the increase in sub-G1 phase and the decrease of aggregate sizes. Lastly, we found that the recovery period is important for generating purer and functional cardiomyocytes (> 96% Troponin T). Three independent runs in a 300-ml working volume confirmed the robustness of this process. Conclusion A streamlined and controllable platform for large quantity manufacturing of pure functional atrial, ventricular and nodal cardiomyocytes on MCs in conventional-type stirred tank bioreactors was established, which can be further scaled up and translated to a good manufacturing practice-compliant production process, to fulfill the quantity requirements of the cellular therapeutic industry. Supplementary information The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-020-01618-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Laco
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Alan Tin-Lun Lam
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
| | - Tsung-Liang Woo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Gerine Tong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Valerie Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Poh-Loong Soong
- Ternion Biosciences, National Heart Centre of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elina Grishina
- Ternion Biosciences, National Heart Centre of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kun-Han Lin
- Ternion Biosciences, National Heart Centre of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Steve Kah-Weng Oh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
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45
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Borys BS, So T, Roberts EL, Ferrie L, Larijani L, Abraham B, Krawetz R, Rancourt DE, Kallos MS. Large-scale expansion of feeder-free mouse embryonic stem cells serially passaged in stirred suspension bioreactors at low inoculation densities directly from cryopreservation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1316-1328. [PMID: 31960947 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have almost unlimited proliferation capacity in vitro and can retain the ability to contribute to all cell lineages, making them an ideal platform material for cell-based therapies. ESCs are traditionally cultured in static flasks on a feeder layer of murine embryonic fibroblast cells. Although sufficient to generate cells for research purposes, this approach is impractical to achieve large quantities for clinical applications. In this study, we have developed protocols that address a variety of challenges that currently bottleneck clinical translation of ESCs expanded in stirred suspension bioreactors. We demonstrated that mouse ESCs (mESCs) cryopreserved in the absence of feeder cells could be thawed directly into stirred suspension bioreactors at extremely low inoculation densities (100 cells/ml). These cells sustained proliferative capacity through multiple passages and various reactor sizes and geometries, producing clinically relevant numbers (109 cells) and maintaining pluripotency phenotypic and functional properties. Passages were completed in stirred suspension bioreactors of increasing scale, under defined batch conditions which greatly improved resource efficiency. Output mESCs were analyzed for pluripotency marker expression (SSEA-1, SOX-2, and Nanog) through flow cytometry, and spontaneous differentiation and teratoma analysis was used to demonstrate functional maintenance of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna S Borys
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tania So
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Erin L Roberts
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leah Ferrie
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leila Larijani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brett Abraham
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman Krawetz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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46
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Hashida A, Uemura T, Kino-Oka M. Kinetics on aggregate behaviors of human induced pluripotent stem cells in static suspension and rotating flow cultures. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:494-501. [PMID: 31826834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of kinetics on aggregate behaviors of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is critical knowledge for culture design because aggregate behaviors are considered to affect cell growth. In this study, we elucidated kinetics on aggregate behaviors of two types of hiPSCs (253G1 and 201B7 lines) to clarify the influence of aggregate behaviors on cell growth by comparing aggregate morphology, size of cell aggregates, and kinetic parameters in 72 h culture under static and floating conditions, which were realized by multi-dimple plate and rotating wall vessel, respectively. In the case of 253G1 line under floating condition, aggregate number decreased and size increased drastically during culture time, t = 0-24 h due to coalescence between cell aggregates. The apparent specific growth rate decreased after t = 24 h although cell number and aggregate size gradually increased under static condition. In the case of 201B7 line under floating condition, cell and aggregate number, and aggregate size kept constant levels during t = 24-72 h due to collapse of cell aggregates by stripping of single cells from aggregate, suggesting that specific death rate increased after t = 24 h despite constant levels of apparent specific growth rate and aggregate number under static condition. Our kinetic analysis concluded that excessive increase of aggregate size due to coalescence and cell death due to collapse critically affected growth of hiPSCs in suspension culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hashida
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Uemura
- Department of Precise and Science Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-Oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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47
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Chemically-Defined, Xeno-Free, Scalable Production of hPSC-Derived Definitive Endoderm Aggregates with Multi-Lineage Differentiation Potential. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121571. [PMID: 31817235 PMCID: PMC6953099 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For the production and bio-banking of differentiated derivatives from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in large quantities for drug screening and cellular therapies, well-defined and robust procedures for differentiation and cryopreservation are required. Definitive endoderm (DE) gives rise to respiratory and digestive epithelium, as well as thyroid, thymus, liver, and pancreas. Here, we present a scalable, universal process for the generation of DE from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Optimal control during the differentiation process was attained in chemically-defined and xeno-free suspension culture, and high flexibility of the workflow was achieved by the introduction of an efficient cryopreservation step at the end of DE differentiation. DE aggregates were capable of differentiating into hepatic-like, pancreatic, intestinal, and lung progenitor cells. Scale-up of the differentiation process using stirred-tank bioreactors enabled production of large quantities of DE aggregates. This process provides a useful advance for versatile applications of DE lineages, in particular for cell therapies and drug screening.
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48
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Liu W, Deng C, Godoy-Parejo C, Zhang Y, Chen G. Developments in cell culture systems for human pluripotent stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:968-981. [PMID: 31768223 PMCID: PMC6851012 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i11.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are important resources for cell-based therapies and pharmaceutical applications. In order to realize the potential of hPSCs, it is critical to develop suitable technologies required for specific applications. Most hPSC technologies depend on cell culture, and are critically influenced by culture medium composition, extracellular matrices, handling methods, and culture platforms. This review summarizes the major technological advances in hPSC culture, and highlights the opportunities and challenges in future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Chunhao Deng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Carlos Godoy-Parejo
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
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49
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Hansen M, von Lindern M, van den Akker E, Varga E. Human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived blood products: state of the art and future directions. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3288-3303. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marten Hansen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marieke von Lindern
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Emile van den Akker
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eszter Varga
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam The Netherlands
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50
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Expansion processes for cell-based therapies. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107455. [PMID: 31629791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Living cells are emerging as therapeutic entities for the treatment of patients affected with severe and chronic diseases where no conventional drug can provide a definitive cure. At the same time, the promise of cell-based therapies comes with several biological, regulatory, economic, logistical, safety and engineering challenges that need to be addressed before translating into clinical practice. Among the complex operations required for their manufacturing, cell expansion occupies a significant part of the entire process and largely determines the number, the phenotype and several other critical quality attributes of the final cell therapy products (CTPs). This review aims at characterizing the main culture systems and expansion processes used for CTP production, highlighting the need to implement scalable, cost-efficient technologies together with process optimization strategies to bridge the gap between basic scientific research and commercially available therapies.
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