1
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De Novo Generation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cellular Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020321. [PMID: 36672255 PMCID: PMC9857267 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to manufacture human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the laboratory holds enormous promise for cellular therapy of human blood diseases. Several differentiation protocols have been developed to facilitate the emergence of HSCs from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Most approaches employ a stepwise addition of cytokines and morphogens to recapitulate the natural developmental process. However, these protocols globally lack clinical relevance and uniformly induce PSCs to produce hematopoietic progenitors with embryonic features and limited engraftment and differentiation capabilities. This review examines how key intrinsic cues and extrinsic environmental inputs have been integrated within human PSC differentiation protocols to enhance the emergence of definitive hematopoiesis and how advances in genomics set the stage for imminent breakthroughs in this field.
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2
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Liang J, Cao Y, He M, Li W, Huang G, Ma T, Li M, Huang Y, Huang X, Hu Y. AKR1C3 and Its Transcription Factor HOXB4 Are Promising Diagnostic Biomarkers for Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:694238. [PMID: 34568444 PMCID: PMC8458746 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.694238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A recent study disclosed that ferroptosis was an important myocyte death style in myocardial infarction (MI). However, the diagnostic value of ferroptosis regulators and correlated underlying mechanisms in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain unknown. Methods: Bioinformatical analyses were conducted to identify the candidate biomarkers for AMI, and the collected local samples were used to validate the findings via real-time quantitative PCR. Bioinformatical analysis and luciferase reporter assay were implemented to identify the transcriptional factor. Transient transfection and ferroptosis characteristic measurement, including glutathione peroxidase 4, malondialdehyde, iron, and glutathione, was performed to verify the ability of the candidate gene to regulate the ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes. A meta-analysis was conducted in multiple independent cohorts to clarify the diagnostic value. Results: A total of 121 ferroptosis regulators were extracted from previous studies, and aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) was significantly downregulated in the peripheral blood samples of AMI cases from the analysis of GSE48060 and GSE97320. HOXB4 served as a transcriptional activator for AKR1C3 and could suppress the ferroptosis of the H9C2 cells treated with erastin. Besides this, peripheral blood samples from 16 AMI patients and 16 patients without coronary atherosclerotic disease were collected, where AKR1C3 and HOXB4 both showed a high diagnostic ability. Furthermore, a nomogram including HOXB4 and AKR1C3 was established and successfully validated in six independent datasets. A clinical correlation analysis displayed that AKR1C3 and HOXB4 were correlated with smoking, CK, CK-MB, and N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Conclusion: Taken together, this study demonstrates that AKR1C3 and HOXB4 are promising diagnostic biomarkers, providing novel insights into the ferroptosis mechanisms of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Mingli He
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Weiwen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Guolin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Meijun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yunzhao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Zhou P, Ouchari M, Xue Y, Yin Q. In Vitro Generation of Red Blood Cells from Stem Cell and Targeted Therapy. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720946658. [PMID: 32830529 PMCID: PMC7563022 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720946658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a common therapeutic intervention,
which is necessary for patients with emergency or hematological
disorders to reduce morbidity and mortality. However, to date, blood
available for transfusion is a limited resource, and the transfusion
coverage system still depends on the volunteer-based collection
system. The scarcity of blood supplies commonly develops because of
local conditions that transiently affect collection. Moreover,
donor-derived infectious disease transmission events also remain a
risk. Thus, there is a huge demand for artificial blood. The
production of cultured RBCs from stem cells is slowly emerging as a
potential alternative to donor-derived red cell transfusion products.
In this concise review, we summarize the recent in vitro expansion of
RBCs from various stem cell sources, targeted therapy, prospects, and
remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan, China
| | - Mouna Ouchari
- Department of Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yun Xue
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Qinan Yin
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.,Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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4
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Running the full human developmental clock in interspecies chimeras using alternative human stem cells with expanded embryonic potential. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:25. [PMID: 34001907 PMCID: PMC8128894 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can generate specialized cell lineages that have great potential for regenerative therapies and disease modeling. However, the developmental stage of the lineages generated from conventional hPSC cultures in vitro are embryonic in phenotype, and may not possess the cellular maturity necessary for corrective regenerative function in vivo in adult recipients. Here, we present the scientific evidence for how adult human tissues could generate human–animal interspecific chimeras to solve this problem. First, we review the phenotypes of the embryonic lineages differentiated from conventional hPSC in vitro and through organoid technologies and compare their functional relevance to the tissues generated during normal human in utero fetal and adult development. We hypothesize that the developmental incongruence of embryo-stage hPSC-differentiated cells transplanted into a recipient adult host niche is an important mechanism ultimately limiting their utility in cell therapies and adult disease modeling. We propose that this developmental obstacle can be overcome with optimized interspecies chimeras that permit the generation of adult-staged, patient-specific whole organs within animal hosts with human-compatible gestational time-frames. We suggest that achieving this goal may ultimately have to await the derivation of alternative, primitive totipotent-like stem cells with improved embryonic chimera capacities. We review the scientific challenges of deriving alternative human stem cell states with expanded embryonic potential, outline a path forward for conducting this emerging research with appropriate ethical and regulatory oversight, and defend the case of why current federal funding restrictions on this important category of biomedical research should be liberalized.
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5
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Jackson M, Fidanza A, Taylor AH, Rybtsov S, Axton R, Kydonaki M, Meek S, Burdon T, Medvinsky A, Forrester LM. Modulation of APLNR Signaling Is Required during the Development and Maintenance of the Hematopoietic System. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:727-740. [PMID: 33667414 PMCID: PMC8072025 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin receptor (APLNR/AGTRLl1/APJ) marks a transient cell population during the differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from pluripotent stem cells, but its function during the production and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells is not clear. We generated an Aplnr-tdTomato reporter mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) line and showed that HSPCs are generated exclusively from mesodermal cells that express Aplnr-tdTomato. HSPC production from mESCs was impaired when Aplnr was deleted, implying that this pathway is required for their production. To address the role of APLNR signaling in HSPC maintenance, we added APELIN ligands to ex vivo AGM cultures. Activation of the APLNR pathway in this system impaired the generation of long-term reconstituting HSPCs and appeared to drive myeloid differentiation. Our data suggest that the APLNR signaling is required for the generation of cells that give rise to HSCs, but that its subsequent downregulation is required for their maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melany Jackson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Antonella Fidanza
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - A Helen Taylor
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Richard Axton
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Maria Kydonaki
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Stephen Meek
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Tom Burdon
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lesley M Forrester
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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6
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The erythroblastic island niche: modeling in health, stress, and disease. Exp Hematol 2020; 91:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Han L, Zhang Z, Wang H, Song H, Gao Q, Yan Y, Tao R, Xiao P, Li L, Jiang Q, Li Q. Novel MNX1 mutations and genotype-phenotype analysis of patients with Currarino syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:155. [PMID: 32571425 PMCID: PMC7310025 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currarino syndrome (CS) is a specific complex of congenital caudal anomalies, including anorectal malformations, presacral mass and sacral anomalies. Mutations in the MNX1 gene are closely related to CS and occur in almost all familial cases and less than half of sporadic patients. We investigated the spectrum of MNX1 pathogenic variants and associated clinical features in Chinese patients with CS. Results Seventeen index patients from 16 families were recruited from 2015 to 2018. All patients were diagnosed with CS and treated at the Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children’s Hospital. Genetic testing was applied to identify mutations in CS patients and their relatives by whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Functional verification was performed for a recurrent noncanonical splice site variant in MNX1 with a minigene splicing assay. In 17 CS patients, 14 were complete CS and 3 were mild CS. Nine variants in MNX1 were identified in 11 patients, and these included two frameshift mutations (p.Leu223Leufs*61, p.X402Serfs*70), four nonsense mutations (p.Gly42X, p.Cys88X, p.Gln24X, p.Cys241X), one missense mutation (p.Trp288Leu), one splice region variant (c.691 + 3G > T) and one polyalanine polymorphism (p.Ala135insAlaAla). Seven of these nine variants have never been reported. Pathogenic MNX1 mutations were found in 100% (4/4) of familial and 46% (6/13) of sporadic patients. Conclusion Our study expanded the mutation spectrum of MNX1 and provided clinical and genetic analyses of seventeen CS patients from mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yuchun Yan
- Department of Radiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Radiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics Affiliated Children's Hospital, No. 2 Yabao Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Prentice
- From the Advisory Board for the Midwest Stem Cell Therapy Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; and Charlotte Lozier Institute, Arlington, VA
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9
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Gene therapy of hematological disorders: current challenges. Gene Ther 2019; 26:296-307. [PMID: 31300728 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genetic engineering technology and stem cell biology have spurred great interest in developing gene therapies for hereditary, as well as acquired hematological disorders. Currently, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used to cure disorders such as hemoglobinopathies and primary immunodeficiencies; however, this method is limited by the availability of immune-matched donors. Using autologous cells coupled with genome editing bypasses this limitation and therefore became the focus of many research groups aiming to develop efficient and safe genomic modification. Hence, gene therapy research has witnessed a noticeable growth in recent years with numerous successful achievements; however, several challenges have to be overcome before gene therapy becomes widely available for patients. In this review, I discuss tools used in gene therapy for hematological disorders, choices of target cells, and delivery vehicles with emphasis on current hurdles and attempts to solve them, and present examples of successful clinical trials to give a glimpse of current progress.
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10
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Park JA, Park S, Park WY, Han MK, Lee Y. Splitomicin, a SIRT1 Inhibitor, Enhances Hematopoietic Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:21-30. [PMID: 30836727 PMCID: PMC6457709 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Embryonic stem (ES) cells have pluripotent ability to differentiate into multiple tissue lineages. SIRT1 is a class III histone deacetylase which modulates chromatin remodeling, gene silencing, cell survival, metabolism, and development. In this study, we examined the effects of SIRT1 inhibitors on the hematopoietic differentiation of mouse ES cells. Methods and Results Treatment with the SIRT1 inhibitors, nicotinamide and splitomicin, during the hematopoietic differentiation of ES cells enhanced the production of hematopoietic progenitors and slightly up-regulated erythroid and myeloid specific gene expression. Furthermore, treatment with splitomicin increased the percentage of erythroid and myeloid lineage cells. Conclusions Application of the SIRT1 inhibitor splitomicin during ES cell differentiation to hematopoietic cells enhanced the yield of specific hematopoietic lineage cells from ES cells. This result suggests that SIRT1 is involved in the regulation of hematopoietic differentiation of specific lineages and that the modulation of the SIRT1 activity can be a strategy to enhance the efficiency of hematopoietic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-A Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Woo-Youn Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Myung-Kwan Han
- Department of Microbiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Younghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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11
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Alsayegh K, Cortés-Medina LV, Ramos-Mandujano G, Badraiq H, Li M. Hematopoietic Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: HOX and GATA Transcription Factors as Master Regulators. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:438-452. [PMID: 32194342 PMCID: PMC7062042 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666191017163837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous human disorders of the blood system would directly or indirectly benefit from therapeutic approaches that reconstitute the hematopoietic system. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), either from matched donors or ex vivo manipulated autologous tissues, are the most used cellular source of cell therapy for a wide range of disorders. Due to the scarcity of matched donors and the difficulty of ex vivo expansion of HSCs, there is a growing interest in harnessing the potential of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as a de novo source of HSCs. PSCs make an ideal source of cells for regenerative medicine in general and for treating blood disorders in particular because they could expand indefinitely in culture and differentiate to any cell type in the body. However, advancement in deriving functional HSCs from PSCs has been slow. This is partly due to an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying normal hematopoiesis. In this review, we discuss the latest efforts to generate human PSC (hPSC)-derived HSCs capable of long-term engraftment. We review the regulation of the key transcription factors (TFs) in hematopoiesis and hematopoietic differentiation, the Homeobox (HOX) and GATA genes, and the interplay between them and microRNAs. We also propose that precise control of these master regulators during the course of hematopoietic differentiation is key to achieving functional hPSC-derived HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alsayegh
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lorena V Cortés-Medina
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gerardo Ramos-Mandujano
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Badraiq
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mo Li
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Reprogramming mechanisms influence the maturation of hematopoietic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1090. [PMID: 30356076 PMCID: PMC6200746 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) or the forced expression of transcription factors can be used to generate autologous pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Although transcriptomic and epigenomic comparisons of isogenic human NT-embryonic stem cells (NT-ESCs) and induced PSCs (iPSCs) in the undifferentiated state have been reported, their functional similarities and differentiation potentials have not been fully elucidated. Our study showed that NT-ESCs and iPSCs derived from the same donors generally displayed similar in vitro commitment capacity toward three germ layer lineages as well as proliferative activity and clonogenic capacity. However, the maturation capacity of NT-ESC-derived hematopoietic progenitors was significantly greater than the corresponding capacity of isogenic iPSC-derived progenitors. Additionally, donor-dependent variations in hematopoietic specification and commitment capacity were observed. Transcriptome and methylome analyses in undifferentiated NT-ESCs and iPSCs revealed a set of genes that may influence variations in hematopoietic commitment and maturation between PSC lines derived using different reprogramming methods. Here, we suggest that genetically identical iPSCs and NT-ESCs could be functionally unequal due to differential transcription and methylation levels acquired during reprogramming. Our proof-of-concept study indicates that reprogramming mechanisms and genetic background could contribute to diverse functionalities between PSCs.
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13
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Lopez-Yrigoyen M, Fidanza A, Cassetta L, Axton RA, Taylor AH, Meseguer-Ripolles J, Tsakiridis A, Wilson V, Hay DC, Pollard JW, Forrester LM. A human iPSC line capable of differentiating into functional macrophages expressing ZsGreen: a tool for the study and in vivo tracking of therapeutic cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170219. [PMID: 29786554 PMCID: PMC5974442 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the production of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, SFCi55-ZsGr, that has been engineered to express the fluorescent reporter gene, ZsGreen, in a constitutive manner. The CAG-driven ZsGreen expression cassette was inserted into the AAVS1 locus and a high level of expression was observed in undifferentiated iPSCs and in cell lineages derived from all three germ layers including haematopoietic cells, hepatocytes and neurons. We demonstrate efficient production of terminally differentiated macrophages from the SFCi55-ZsGreen iPSC line and show that they are indistinguishable from those generated from their parental SFCi55 iPSC line in terms of gene expression, cell surface marker expression and phagocytic activity. The high level of ZsGreen expression had no effect on the ability of macrophages to be activated to an M(LPS + IFNγ), M(IL10) or M(IL4) phenotype nor on their plasticity, assessed by their ability to switch from one phenotype to another. Thus, targeting of the AAVS1 locus in iPSCs allows for the production of fully functional, fluorescently tagged human macrophages that can be used for in vivo tracking in disease models. The strategy also provides a platform for the introduction of factors that are predicted to modulate and/or stabilize macrophage function.This article is part of the theme issue 'Designer human tissue: coming to a lab near you'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Antonella Fidanza
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Luca Cassetta
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Richard A Axton
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - A Helen Taylor
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Jose Meseguer-Ripolles
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anestis Tsakiridis
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Valerie Wilson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David C Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Lesley M Forrester
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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14
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Teichweyde N, Kasperidus L, Carotta S, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G, Horn PA, Heinrichs S, Klump H. HOXB4 Promotes Hemogenic Endothelium Formation without Perturbing Endothelial Cell Development. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:875-889. [PMID: 29456178 PMCID: PMC5919293 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from pluripotent stem cells, in vitro, holds great promise for regenerative therapies. Primarily, this has been achieved in mouse cells by overexpression of the homeotic selector protein HOXB4. The exact cellular stage at which HOXB4 promotes hematopoietic development, in vitro, is not yet known. However, its identification is a prerequisite to unambiguously identify the molecular circuits controlling hematopoiesis, since the activity of HOX proteins is highly cell and context dependent. To identify that stage, we retrovirally expressed HOXB4 in differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Through the use of Runx1(-/-) ESCs containing a doxycycline-inducible Runx1 coding sequence, we uncovered that HOXB4 promoted the formation of hemogenic endothelium cells without altering endothelial cell development. Whole-transcriptome analysis revealed that its expression mediated the upregulation of transcription of core transcription factors necessary for hematopoiesis, culminating in the formation of blood progenitors upon initiation of Runx1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Teichweyde
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstraße 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Lara Kasperidus
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstraße 179, 45147 Essen, Germany; Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Carotta
- Cancer Cell Signaling, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV, Dr Boehringer-Gasse, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Haematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstraße 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Heinrichs
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstraße 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Hannes Klump
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstraße 179, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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15
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Generating autologous hematopoietic cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells through ectopic expression of transcription factors. Curr Opin Hematol 2017; 24:283-288. [DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Yang C, Ma R, Axton RA, Jackson M, Taylor AH, Fidanza A, Marenah L, Frayne J, Mountford JC, Forrester LM. Activation of KLF1 Enhances the Differentiation and Maturation of Red Blood Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:886-897. [PMID: 28026072 PMCID: PMC5396323 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Blood transfusion is widely used in the clinic but the source of red blood cells (RBCs) is dependent on donors, procedures are susceptible to transfusion-transmitted infections and complications can arise from immunological incompatibility. Clinically-compatible and scalable protocols that allow the production of RBCs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been described but progress to translation has been hampered by poor maturation and fragility of the resultant cells. Genetic programming using transcription factors has been used to drive lineage determination and differentiation so we used this approach to assess whether exogenous expression of the Erythroid Krüppel-like factor 1 (EKLF/KLF1) could augment the differentiation and stability of iPSC-derived RBCs. To activate KLF1 at defined time points during later stages of the differentiation process and to avoid transgene silencing that is commonly observed in differentiating pluripotent stem cells, we targeted a tamoxifen-inducible KLF1-ERT2 expression cassette into the AAVS1 locus. Activation of KLF1 at day 10 of the differentiation process when hematopoietic progenitor cells were present, enhanced erythroid commitment and differentiation. Continued culture resulted the appearance of more enucleated cells when KLF1 was activated which is possibly due to their more robust morphology. Globin profiling indicated that these conditions produced embryonic-like erythroid cells. This study demonstrates the successful use of an inducible genetic programing strategy that could be applied to the production of many other cell lineages from human induced pluripotent stem cells with the integration of programming factors into the AAVS1 locus providing a safer and more reproducible route to the clinic. Stem Cells 2017;35:886-897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Tao Yang
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Rui Ma
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Axton
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Melany Jackson
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - A. Helen Taylor
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Antonella Fidanza
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Lamin Marenah
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion ServiceScotlandUnited Kingdom
| | - Jan Frayne
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of BristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Joanne C. Mountford
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion ServiceScotlandUnited Kingdom
| | - Lesley M. Forrester
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
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17
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Nacken W, Wixler V, Ehrhardt C, Ludwig S. Influenza A virus NS1 protein-induced JNK activation and apoptosis are not functionally linked. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Nacken
- Institute of Virology (IVM), University Hospital Münster; WWU; Germany
| | - Viktor Wixler
- Institute of Virology (IVM), University Hospital Münster; WWU; Germany
| | - Christina Ehrhardt
- Institute of Virology (IVM), University Hospital Münster; WWU; Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Cells in Motion”; University of Muenster; Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF), UKM; WWU; Germany
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology (IVM), University Hospital Münster; WWU; Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Cells in Motion”; University of Muenster; Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF), UKM; WWU; Germany
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18
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Easterbrook J, Fidanza A, Forrester LM. Concise review: programming human pluripotent stem cells into blood. Br J Haematol 2016; 173:671-9. [PMID: 26996518 PMCID: PMC4914896 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood disorders are treated with cell therapies including haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation as well as platelet and red blood cell transfusions. However the source of cells is entirely dependent on donors, procedures are susceptible to transfusion-transmitted infections and serious complications can arise in recipients due to immunological incompatibility. These problems could be alleviated if it was possible to produce haematopoietic cells in vitro from an autologous and renewable cell source. The production of haematopoietic cells in the laboratory from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may provide a route to realize this goal but it has proven challenging to generate long-term reconstituting HSCs. To date, the optimization of differentiation protocols has mostly relied on the manipulation of extrinsic signals to mimic the in vivo environment. We review studies that have taken an alternative approach to modulate intrinsic signals by enforced expression of transcription factors. Single and combinations of multiple transcription factors have been used in a variety of contexts to enhance the production of haematopoietic cells from human pluripotent stem cells. This programming approach, together with the recent advances in the production and use of synthetic transcription factors, holds great promise for the production of fully functional HSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonella Fidanza
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lesley M Forrester
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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