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Aghajani Mir M. Illuminating the pathogenic role of SARS-CoV-2: Insights into competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulatory networks. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 122:105613. [PMID: 38844190 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 triggered a significant economic and health crisis worldwide, with heterogeneous molecular mechanisms that contribute to its development are not yet fully understood. Although substantial progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapy, it continues to rank among the top three global causes of mortality due to infectious illnesses. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), being integral components across nearly all biological processes, demonstrate effective importance in viral pathogenesis. Regarding viral infections, ncRNAs have demonstrated their ability to modulate host reactions, viral replication, and host-pathogen interactions. However, the complex interactions of different types of ncRNAs in the progression of COVID-19 remains understudied. In recent years, a novel mechanism of post-transcriptional gene regulation known as "competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)" has been proposed. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and viral ncRNAs function as ceRNAs, influencing the expression of associated genes by sequestering shared microRNAs. Recent research on SARS-CoV-2 has revealed that disruptions in specific ceRNA regulatory networks (ceRNETs) contribute to the abnormal expression of key infection-related genes and the establishment of distinctive infection characteristics. These findings present new opportunities to delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, offering potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This progress paves the way for a more comprehensive understanding of ceRNETs, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms involved. Further exploration of these mechanisms holds promise for enhancing our ability to prevent viral infections and develop effective antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Aghajani Mir
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Alanazi AH, Selim MS, Yendamuri MR, Zhang D, Narayanan SP, Somanath PR. The impact of diabetes mellitus on blood-tissue barrier regulation and vascular complications: Is the lung different from other organs? Tissue Barriers 2024:2386183. [PMID: 39072526 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2386183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus presents a formidable challenge as one of the most prevalent and complex chronic diseases, exerting significant strain on both patients and the world economy. It is recognized as a common comorbidity among severely ill individuals, often leading to a myriad of micro- and macro-vascular complications. Despite extensive research dissecting the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying vascular complications of diabetes, relatively little attention has been paid to potential lung-related complications. This review aims to illuminate the impact of diabetes on prevalent respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), tuberculosis (TB), pneumonia infections, and asthma, and compare the vascular complications with other vascular beds. Additionally, we explore the primary mechanistic pathways contributing to these complications, such as the expression modulation of blood-tissue-barrier proteins, resulting in increased paracellular and transcellular permeability, and compromised immune responses rendering diabetes patients more susceptible to infections. The activation of inflammatory pathways leading to cellular injury and hastening the onset of these respiratory complications is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz H Alanazi
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Clinical Practice, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Selim
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Manyasreeprapti R Yendamuri
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
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Ren Z, Zhou B, Wang L, Li J, Zhang R, Pan X. [Inhibitory effect of 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone on H1N1 influenza virus-induced ferroptosis and inflammation in A549 cells and its possible mechanisms]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:1070-1078. [PMID: 38977336 PMCID: PMC11237301 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.06.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone (5-HDF), a compound extracted from Elsholtzia blanda Benth., against lung injury induced by H1N1 influenza virus and explore its possible mechanism of action. METHODS 5-HDF was extracted from Elsholtzia blanda Benth. using ethanol reflux extraction and silica gel chromatography and characterized using NMR and MS analyses. In an A549 cell model of H1N1 influenza virus infection (MOI=0.1), the cytotoxicity of 5-HDF was assessed using MTT assay, and its effect on TRAIL and IL-8 expressions was examined using flow cytometry; Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory, apoptosis, and ferroptosis-related proteins. In a mouse model of H1N1 influenza virus infection established by nasal instillation of 50 μL H1N1 virus at the median lethal dose, the effects of 30 and 60 mg/kg 5-HDF by gavage on body weight, lung index, gross lung anatomy and lung histopathology were observed. RESULTS 5-HDF exhibited no significant cytotoxicity in A549 cells within the concentration range of 0-200 μg/mL. In H1N1-infected A549 cells, treatment with 5-HDF effectively inhibited the activation of phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-NF-κB p65, lowered the expressions of IL-8, enhanced the expression of anti-ferroptosis proteins (SLC7A11 and GPX4), and inhibited the expressions of apoptosis markers PARP and caspase-3 and the apoptotic factor TRAIL. In H1N1-infected mice, treatment with 5-HDF for 7 days significantly suppressed body weight loss and increment of lung index and obviously alleviated lung tissue pathologies. CONCLUSION 5-HDF offers protection against H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice possibly by suppressing H1N1-induced ferroptosis, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis via upregulating SLC7A11 and GPX4, inhibiting the activation of phospho-NF-κB p65 and phospho-p38 MAPK, and decreasing the expression of cleaved caspase3 and cleaved PARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - B Zhou
- Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou 525200, China
| | - L Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - J Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - R Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - X Pan
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Lu Z, Cao R, Geng F, Pan Y. Persistent infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis increases the tumorigenic potential of human immortalised oral epithelial cells through ZFP36 inhibition. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13609. [PMID: 38351596 PMCID: PMC11150143 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between Porphyromonas gingivalis infection and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been established by numerous epidemiological studies. However, the underlying mechanism specific to this connection remains unclear. By bioinformatical analysis, we identified ZFP36 as a potentially significant co-expressed gene in both the OSCC gene database and the persistent infection model of P. gingivalis. To further investigate the role of ZFP36, we established a cell model that human immortalized oral epithelial cells (HIOECs) that were sustainedly infected by P. gingivalis (MOI = 1) for a duration of 30 weeks. Our findings indicated that sustained infection with P. gingivalis inhibited the expression of ZFP36 protein and induced changes in the biological behaviour of HIOECs. The mechanism investigation demonstrated the potential role of ZFP36 in regulating the cancer-related biological behaviour of HIOECs. Subsequent studies revealed that highly expressed CCAT1 could serve as a molecular scaffold in the formation of the ZFP36/CCAT1/MK2 complex. This complex formation enhanced the binding abundance of MK2 and ZFP36, thereby promoting the inhibition of ZFP36 protein phosphorylation. To summarize, low expression of ZFP36 protein under persistent P. gingivalis infection enhances the cancer-related biological behaviour of HIOECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Lu
- Department of Periodontics, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Ruoyan Cao
- Department of Periodontics, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Fengxue Geng
- Department of Periodontics, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics, School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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Lv X, Zheng L, Zhang T, Wang W, Chen Y, Li J, Cai Z, Guo X, Song L. CLCA1 exacerbates lung inflammation via p38 MAPK pathway in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Exp Lung Res 2024; 50:85-95. [PMID: 38597420 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2024.2334262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that airway epithelial calcium-activated chloride channel-1 (CLCA1) is implicated in the inflammation of multiple human respiratory diseases, but the specific role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains unknown. To investigate the role of CLCA1 in ARDS, 80 participants, including 26 ARDS patients, 26 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and 28 control subjects, were enrolled in this study. As the result shows, the level of CLCA1 was significantly increased in ARDS patients and positively correlated with neutrophil infiltration and the poor prognosis of ARDS. Then, the level of CLCA1 also elevated in the LPS-induced ARDS mouse model, and the administration of CLCA1 significantly regulated the phenotypes of ARDS in mice, such as lung injury score, BALF protein concentration, neutrophils infiltration and the secretions of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, administration of CLCA1 substantially altered the phosphorylation of p38 in the ARDS mouse model, whereas repressing the expression of CLCA1 or inhibiting the activation of p38 both alleviated the inflammatory response of ARDS. In summary, CLCA1 was notably correlated with ARDS and exacerbated the ARDS phenotypes through the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Long Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Weijia Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhigui Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingxing Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liqiang Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Yudhawati R, Wicaksono NF. Immunomodulatory Effects of Fluoroquinolones in Community-Acquired Pneumonia-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Biomedicines 2024; 12:761. [PMID: 38672119 PMCID: PMC11048665 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia is reported as one of the infectious diseases that leads to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. The innate immune system is the first line of defence against microbial invasion; however, its dysregulation during infection, resulting in an increased pathogen load, stimulates the over-secretion of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This phenomenon causes damage to the epithelial-endothelial barrier of the pulmonary alveoli and the leakage of the intravascular protein into the alveolar lumen. Fluoroquinolones are synthetic antimicrobial agents with immunomodulatory properties that can inhibit bacterial proliferation as well as exhibit anti-inflammatory activities. It has been demonstrated that the structure of fluoroquinolones, particularly those with a cyclopropyl group, exerts immunomodulatory effects. Its capability to inhibit phosphodiesterase activity leads to the accumulation of intracellular cAMP, which subsequently enhances PKA activity, resulting in the inhibition of transcriptional factor NF-κB and the activation of CREB. Another mechanism reported is the inhibition of TLR and ERK signalling pathways. Although the sequence of events has not been completely understood, significant progress has been made in comprehending the specific mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of fluoroquinolones. Here, we review the indirect immunomodulatory effects of FQs as an alternative to empirical therapy in patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resti Yudhawati
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya 60015, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
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Tirunavalli SK, Pramatha S, Eedara AC, Walvekar KP, Immanuel C, Potdar P, Nayak PG, Chamallamudi MR, Sistla R, Chilaka S, Andugulapati SB. Protective effect of β-glucan on Poly(I:C)-induced acute lung injury/inflammation: Therapeutic implications of viral infections in the respiratory system. Life Sci 2023; 330:122027. [PMID: 37597767 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Acute lung inflammation, particularly acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is caused by a variety of pathogens including bacteria and viruses. β-Glucans have been reported to possess both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The current study evaluated the therapeutic effect of β-glucans on polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) induced lung inflammation in both hamster and mice models. MAIN METHODS Poly(I:C)-induced ALI/inflammation models were developed in hamsters (2.5 mg/kg) and mice (2 mg/kg) by delivering the Poly(I:C) intratracheally, and followed with and without β-glucan administration. After treatment, lung mechanics were assessed and lung tissues were isolated and analyzed for mRNA/protein expression, and histopathological examinations. KEY FINDINGS Poly(I:C) administration, caused a significant elevation of inflammatory marker's expression in lung tissues and showed abnormal lung mechanics in mice and hamsters. Interestingly, treatment with β-glucan significantly (p < 0.001) reversed the Poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory events and inflammatory markers expression in both mRNA (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2 and CCL7) and protein levels (TNF-α, CD68, myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, MUC-5Ac and iNOS). Lung functional assays revealed that β-glucan treatment significantly improved lung mechanics. Histopathological analysis showed that β-glucan treatment significantly attenuated the Poly(I:C) induced inflammatory cell infiltration, injury and goblet cell population in lung tissues. Consistent with these findings, β-glucan treatment markedly reduced the number of neutrophils and macrophages in lung tissues. Our findings further demonstrated that β-glucan could reduce inflammation by suppressing the MAPK pathway. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggested that β-glucan may attenuate the pathogenic effects of Poly(I:C)-induced ALI/ARDS via modulating the MAPK pathway, indicating β-glucan as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of viral-pulmonary inflammation/injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Krishna Tirunavalli
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Shashidhar Pramatha
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhisheik Chowdary Eedara
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Komal Paresh Walvekar
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Christiana Immanuel
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Pooja Potdar
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Pawan G Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Sabarinadh Chilaka
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India.
| | - Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India.
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Shanholtz CB, Terrin ML, Harrington T, Chan C, Warren W, Walter R, Armstrong F, Marshall J, Scheraga R, Duggal A, Formanek P, Baram M, Afshar M, Marchetti N, Singla S, Reilly J, Knox D, Puri N, Chung K, Brown CH, Hasday JD. Design and rationale of the CHILL phase II trial of hypothermia and neuromuscular blockade for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 33:101155. [PMID: 37228902 PMCID: PMC10191700 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cooling to Help Injured Lungs (CHILL) trial is an open label, two group, parallel design multicenter, randomized phase IIB clinical trial assessing the efficacy and safety of targeted temperature management with combined external cooling and neuromuscular blockade to block shivering in patients with early moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This report provides the background and rationale for the clinical trial and outlines the methods using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines. Key design challenges include: [1] protocolizing important co-interventions; [2] incorporation of patients with COVID-19 as the cause of ARDS; [3] inability to blind the investigators; and [4] ability to obtain timely informed consent from patients or legally authorized representatives early in the disease process. Results of the Reevaluation of Systemic Early Neuromuscular Blockade (ROSE) trial informed the decision to mandate sedation and neuromuscular blockade only in the group assigned to therapeutic hypothermia and proceed without this mandate in the control group assigned to a usual temperature management protocol. Previous trials conducted in National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ARDS Clinical Trials (ARDSNet) and Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL) Networks informed ventilator management, ventilation liberation and fluid management protocols. Since ARDS due to COVID-19 is a common cause of ARDS during pandemic surges and shares many features with ARDS from other causes, patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 are included. Finally, a stepwise approach to obtaining informed consent prior to documenting critical hypoxemia was adopted to facilitate enrollment and reduce the number of candidates excluded because eligibility time window expiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl B. Shanholtz
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael L. Terrin
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thelma Harrington
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caleb Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Whittney Warren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert Walter
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Abjihit Duggal
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Perry Formanek
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Michael Baram
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine USA, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Majid Afshar
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathaniel Marchetti
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sunit Singla
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Reilly
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan Knox
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA
| | - Nitin Puri
- Division of Critical Care, Cooper University Health Care, USA
| | - Kevin Chung
- Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clayton H. Brown
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Hasday
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sherif ZA, Gomez CR, Connors TJ, Henrich TJ, Reeves WB. Pathogenic mechanisms of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). eLife 2023; 12:e86002. [PMID: 36947108 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86002:] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, with persistent and new onset of symptoms such as fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and cognitive dysfunction that last for months and impact everyday functioning, is referred to as Long COVID under the general category of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). PASC is highly heterogenous and may be associated with multisystem tissue damage/dysfunction including acute encephalitis, cardiopulmonary syndromes, fibrosis, hepatobiliary damages, gastrointestinal dysregulation, myocardial infarction, neuromuscular syndromes, neuropsychiatric disorders, pulmonary damage, renal failure, stroke, and vascular endothelial dysregulation. A better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PASC is essential to guide prevention and treatment. This review addresses potential mechanisms and hypotheses that connect SARS-CoV-2 infection to long-term health consequences. Comparisons between PASC and other virus-initiated chronic syndromes such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome will be addressed. Aligning symptoms with other chronic syndromes and identifying potentially regulated common underlining pathways may be necessary for understanding the true nature of PASC. The discussed contributors to PASC symptoms include sequelae from acute SARS-CoV-2 injury to one or more organs, persistent reservoirs of the replicating virus or its remnants in several tissues, re-activation of latent pathogens such as Epstein-Barr and herpes viruses in COVID-19 immune-dysregulated tissue environment, SARS-CoV-2 interactions with host microbiome/virome communities, clotting/coagulation dysregulation, dysfunctional brainstem/vagus nerve signaling, dysautonomia or autonomic dysfunction, ongoing activity of primed immune cells, and autoimmunity due to molecular mimicry between pathogen and host proteins. The individualized nature of PASC symptoms suggests that different therapeutic approaches may be required to best manage specific patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki A Sherif
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Christian R Gomez
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, United States
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York - Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, United States
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - William Brian Reeves
- Department of Medicine, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas, San Antonio, United States
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10
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Sherif ZA, Gomez CR, Connors TJ, Henrich TJ, Reeves WB. Pathogenic mechanisms of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). eLife 2023; 12:e86002. [PMID: 36947108 PMCID: PMC10032659 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, with persistent and new onset of symptoms such as fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and cognitive dysfunction that last for months and impact everyday functioning, is referred to as Long COVID under the general category of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). PASC is highly heterogenous and may be associated with multisystem tissue damage/dysfunction including acute encephalitis, cardiopulmonary syndromes, fibrosis, hepatobiliary damages, gastrointestinal dysregulation, myocardial infarction, neuromuscular syndromes, neuropsychiatric disorders, pulmonary damage, renal failure, stroke, and vascular endothelial dysregulation. A better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PASC is essential to guide prevention and treatment. This review addresses potential mechanisms and hypotheses that connect SARS-CoV-2 infection to long-term health consequences. Comparisons between PASC and other virus-initiated chronic syndromes such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome will be addressed. Aligning symptoms with other chronic syndromes and identifying potentially regulated common underlining pathways may be necessary for understanding the true nature of PASC. The discussed contributors to PASC symptoms include sequelae from acute SARS-CoV-2 injury to one or more organs, persistent reservoirs of the replicating virus or its remnants in several tissues, re-activation of latent pathogens such as Epstein-Barr and herpes viruses in COVID-19 immune-dysregulated tissue environment, SARS-CoV-2 interactions with host microbiome/virome communities, clotting/coagulation dysregulation, dysfunctional brainstem/vagus nerve signaling, dysautonomia or autonomic dysfunction, ongoing activity of primed immune cells, and autoimmunity due to molecular mimicry between pathogen and host proteins. The individualized nature of PASC symptoms suggests that different therapeutic approaches may be required to best manage specific patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki A Sherif
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Howard University College of MedicineWashington, District of ColumbiaUnited States
| | - Christian R Gomez
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York - Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's HospitalNew YorkUnited States
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - William Brian Reeves
- Department of Medicine, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of TexasSan AntonioUnited States
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11
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Feng M, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Wang Q, She C, Li Z. Aucubin protects against retinal ganglion cell injury in diabetic rats via inhibition of the p38MAPK pathway. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:1007-1016. [PMID: 36915767 PMCID: PMC10006818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of aucubin in regard to injured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in diabetic rats and its mechanism. METHODS A rat model of diabetes mellitus was created by single intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Rats were treated with intraperitoneal injection of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg aucubin or 5 μg/kg p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580, once a day, for 28 consecutive days. Body weight, blood glucose, morphological changes, count and apoptosis of RGCs, p38MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis-related proteins, oxidative stress indices, and inflammatory factors were observed and compared among the groups. RESULTS Aucubin and SB203580 reduced the abnormality of the photoreceptor layer, bipolar cell layer and RGCs. Aucubin significantly reduced body weight, fasting blood glucose, RGC apoptosis rate, p38MAPK protein phosphorylation level, protein expression of Caspase 3 and Bax, vascular endothelial growth factors (interleukin-1β, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α) and malondialdehyde levels, and increased RGC count and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Aucubin can protect RGCs in diabetic rats, inhibit RGC apoptosis, and reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and 10 mg/kg aucubin showed optimal efficacy. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the p38MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Feng
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Chunyan She
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
| | - Zudan Li
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
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12
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Batra R, Whalen W, Alvarez-Mulett S, Gomez-Escobar LG, Hoffman KL, Simmons W, Harrington J, Chetnik K, Buyukozkan M, Benedetti E, Choi ME, Suhre K, Schenck E, Choi AMK, Schmidt F, Cho SJ, Krumsiek J. Multi-omic comparative analysis of COVID-19 and bacterial sepsis-induced ARDS. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010819. [PMID: 36121875 PMCID: PMC9484674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a life-threatening condition characterized by hypoxemia and poor lung compliance, is associated with high mortality. ARDS induced by COVID-19 has similar clinical presentations and pathological manifestations as non-COVID-19 ARDS. However, COVID-19 ARDS is associated with a more protracted inflammatory respiratory failure compared to traditional ARDS. Therefore, a comprehensive molecular comparison of ARDS of different etiologies groups may pave the way for more specific clinical interventions. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this study, we compared COVID-19 ARDS (n = 43) and bacterial sepsis-induced (non-COVID-19) ARDS (n = 24) using multi-omic plasma profiles covering 663 metabolites, 1,051 lipids, and 266 proteins. To address both between- and within- ARDS group variabilities we followed two approaches. First, we identified 706 molecules differently abundant between the two ARDS etiologies, revealing more than 40 biological processes differently regulated between the two groups. From these processes, we assembled a cascade of therapeutically relevant pathways downstream of sphingosine metabolism. The analysis suggests a possible overactivation of arginine metabolism involved in long-term sequelae of ARDS and highlights the potential of JAK inhibitors to improve outcomes in bacterial sepsis-induced ARDS. The second part of our study involved the comparison of the two ARDS groups with respect to clinical manifestations. Using a data-driven multi-omic network, we identified signatures of acute kidney injury (AKI) and thrombocytosis within each ARDS group. The AKI-associated network implicated mitochondrial dysregulation which might lead to post-ARDS renal-sequalae. The thrombocytosis-associated network hinted at a synergy between prothrombotic processes, namely IL-17, MAPK, TNF signaling pathways, and cell adhesion molecules. Thus, we speculate that combination therapy targeting two or more of these processes may ameliorate thrombocytosis-mediated hypercoagulation. CONCLUSION We present a first comprehensive molecular characterization of differences between two ARDS etiologies-COVID-19 and bacterial sepsis. Further investigation into the identified pathways will lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes, potentially enabling novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Batra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - William Whalen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sergio Alvarez-Mulett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Luis G. Gomez-Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Katherine L. Hoffman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Will Simmons
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John Harrington
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Chetnik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mustafa Buyukozkan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elisa Benedetti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Edward Schenck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Augustine M. K. Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Soo Jung Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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13
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Batra R, Whalen W, Alvarez-Mulett S, Gómez-Escobar LG, Hoffman KL, Simmons W, Harrington J, Chetnik K, Buyukozkan M, Benedetti E, Choi ME, Suhre K, Schenck E, Choi AMK, Schmidt F, Cho SJ, Krumsiek J. Multi-omic comparative analysis of COVID-19 and bacterial sepsis-induced ARDS. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.05.16.22274587. [PMID: 35982655 PMCID: PMC9387161 DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.16.22274587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a life-threatening condition characterized by hypoxemia and poor lung compliance, is associated with high mortality. ARDS induced by COVID-19 has similar clinical presentations and pathological manifestations as non-COVID-19 ARDS. However, COVID-19 ARDS is associated with a more protracted inflammatory respiratory failure compared to traditional ARDS. Therefore, a comprehensive molecular comparison of ARDS of different etiologies groups may pave the way for more specific clinical interventions. Methods and Findings In this study, we compared COVID-19 ARDS (n=43) and bacterial sepsis-induced (non-COVID-19) ARDS (n=24) using multi-omic plasma profiles covering 663 metabolites, 1,051 lipids, and 266 proteins. To address both between- and within-ARDS group variabilities we followed two approaches. First, we identified 706 molecules differently abundant between the two ARDS etiologies, revealing more than 40 biological processes differently regulated between the two groups. From these processes, we assembled a cascade of therapeutically relevant pathways downstream of sphingosine metabolism. The analysis suggests a possible overactivation of arginine metabolism involved in long-term sequelae of ARDS and highlights the potential of JAK inhibitors to improve outcomes in bacterial sepsis-induced ARDS. The second part of our study involved the comparison of the two ARDS groups with respect to clinical manifestations. Using a data-driven multi-omic network, we identified signatures of acute kidney injury (AKI) and thrombocytosis within each ARDS group. The AKI-associated network implicated mitochondrial dysregulation which might lead to post-ARDS renal-sequalae. The thrombocytosis-associated network hinted at a synergy between prothrombotic processes, namely IL-17, MAPK, TNF signaling pathways, and cell adhesion molecules. Thus, we speculate that combination therapy targeting two or more of these processes may ameliorate thrombocytosis-mediated hypercoagulation. Conclusion We present a first comprehensive molecular characterization of differences between two ARDS etiologies - COVID-19 and bacterial sepsis. Further investigation into the identified pathways will lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes, potentially enabling novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Batra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - William Whalen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Alvarez-Mulett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis G Gómez-Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine L Hoffman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Will Simmons
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Harrington
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelsey Chetnik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mustafa Buyukozkan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Elisa Benedetti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mary E Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Edward Schenck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Soo Jung Cho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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14
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Rasmi Y, Hatamkhani S, Naderi R, Shokati A, Nayeb Zadeh V, Hosseinzadeh F, Farnamian Y, Jalali L. Molecular signaling pathways, pathophysiological features in various organs, and treatment strategies in SARS-CoV2 infection. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151908. [PMID: 35662001 PMCID: PMC9130726 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine storms and extra-activated cytokine signaling pathways can lead to severe tissue damage and patient death. Activation of inflammatory signaling pathways during Cytokine storms are an important factor in the development of acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), which is the major health problem today, causing systemic and local inflammation. Cytokine storms attract many inflammatory cells that attack the lungs and other organs and cause tissue damage. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are expressed in a different type of tissues. inhibition of ACE2 activity impairs renin-angiotensin (RAS) function, which is related to the severity of symptoms and mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. Different signaling cascades are activated, affecting various organs during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nowadays, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19, but scientists have recognized and proposed several treatment alternatives, including applying cytokine inhibitors, immunomodulators, and plasma therapy. Herein, we have provided the detailed mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 induced cytokine signaling and its connection with pathophysiological features in different organs. Possible treatment options to cope with the severe clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Rasmi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center,Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shima Hatamkhani
- Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, school of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ameneh Shokati
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Farnamian
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ladan Jalali
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center,Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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15
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Mozafar M, Mirmotalebisohi SA, Sameni M, Zali H. Investigating Neurological Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:695-698. [PMID: 34431023 PMCID: PMC8384098 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mozafar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Mirmotalebisohi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sameni
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Chen J, Xue X, Cai J, Jia L, Sun B, Zhao W. Protective effect of taurine on sepsis‑induced lung injury via inhibiting the p38/MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:653. [PMID: 34278479 PMCID: PMC8299207 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a leading cause of acute lung injury (ALI), is characterized by an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response and widespread organ injury, particularly in the lungs. Taurine, an intracellular free amino acid, has been used for the treatment of various diseases, including lung injury; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of taurine on septic ALI and the underlying mechanism. A septic ALI model was established by performing cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery on Sprague Dawley rats. Following successful model establishment, rats were treated with taurine. The results of hematoxylin and eosin, respiratory function detection, malondialdehyde level and superoxide dismutase activity determination and ELSIA demonstrated that taurine significantly alleviated lung injury, restored respiratory function, reduced oxidation and decreased the concentrations of inflammatory factors in CLP‑induced septic ALI model rats. In addition, compared with that in the ALI group, western blotting results indicated that taurine ameliorated lung epithelial injury by significantly increasing the expression levels of lung epithelial markers, E‑cadherin and occludin. The western blotting results demonstrated that, compared with the control group, the p38/MAPK and NF‑κB signaling pathways were significantly activated in CLP‑induced septic ALI model rats, but taurine significantly suppressed ALI‑mediated signaling pathway activation. To investigate the mechanism underlying taurine in the treatment of septic ALI, CLP‑induced septic ALI model rats were treated with an antagonist of the p38/MAPK signaling pathway (SB203580). The effects of SB203580 on CLP‑induced septic ALI model rats were similar to those of taurine. SB203580 significantly attenuated sepsis‑induced lung injury and increases in IL‑1β and TNF‑α concentrations in the lung tissue. In addition, SB203580 promoted restoration of the injured lung tissue and respiratory function in CLP‑induced septic ALI model rats. The western blotting results indicated that SB203580 significantly decreased the ratios of phosphorylated (p)‑p38/p38 and p‑p65/065, and increased the protein expression levels of E‑cadherin and occludin compared with those in the ALI group. In summary, the present study demonstrated that taurine alleviated sepsis‑induced lung injury, which was associated with suppression of the inflammatory response and oxidative stress via inhibiting the p38/MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, the p38/MAPK signaling pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis‑induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, P.R. China
| | - Jianqin Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, P.R. China
| | - Ling Jia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, P.R. China
| | - Baodi Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, P.R. China
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17
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Atypical p38 Signaling, Activation, and Implications for Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084183. [PMID: 33920735 PMCID: PMC8073329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 is an essential family of kinases, regulating responses to environmental stress and inflammation. There is an ever-increasing plethora of physiological and pathophysiological conditions attributed to p38 activity, ranging from cell division and embryonic development to the control of a multitude of diseases including retinal, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Despite the decades of intense investigation, a viable therapeutic approach to disrupt p38 signaling remains elusive. A growing body of evidence supports the pathological significance of an understudied atypical p38 signaling pathway. Atypical p38 signaling is driven by a direct interaction between the adaptor protein TAB1 and p38α, driving p38 autophosphorylation independent from the classical MKK3 and MKK6 pathways. Unlike the classical MKK3/6 signaling pathway, atypical signaling is selective for just p38α, and at present has only been characterized during pathophysiological stimulation. Recent studies have linked atypical signaling to dermal and vascular inflammation, myocardial ischemia, cancer metastasis, diabetes, complications during pregnancy, and bacterial and viral infections. Additional studies are required to fully understand how, when, where, and why atypical p38 signaling is induced. Furthermore, the development of selective TAB1-p38 inhibitors represents an exciting new opportunity to selectively inhibit pathological p38 signaling in a wide array of diseases.
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Chen Z, Xu SL, Ge LY, Zhu J, Zheng T, Zhu Z, Zhou L. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 9 as a potential therapeutic target for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:757-764. [PMID: 33595976 PMCID: PMC8104259 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become the third-leading cause of death worldwide, which is a severe economic burden to the healthcare system. Chronic bronchitis is the most common condition that contributes to COPD, both locally and systemically. Neutrophilic inflammation predominates in the COPD airway wall and lumen. Logically, repression of neutrophilia is an essential fashion to COPD treatment. However, currently available anti-neutrophilic therapies provide little benefit in COPD patients and may have serious side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore an effective and safe anti-neutrophilic approach that might delay progression of the disease. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-9 is a member of the Siglec cell surface immunoglobulin family. It is noteworthy that Siglec-9 is highly expressed on human neutrophils and monocytes. Ligation of Siglec-9 by chemical compounds or synthetic ligands induced apoptosis and autophagic-like cell death in human neutrophils. Furthermore, administration of antibody to Siglec-E, mouse functional ortholog of Siglec-9, restrained recruitment and activation of neutrophils in mouse models of airway inflammation in vivo. Given the critical role that neutrophils play in chronic bronchitis and emphysema, targeting Siglec-9 could be beneficial for the treatment of COPD, asthma, fibrosis, and related chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Shuang-Lan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lin-Yang Ge
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Epidemiological Department, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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19
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Correction: Unpuzzling COVID-19: tissue-related signaling pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2315-2317. [PMID: 32901820 PMCID: PMC7484393 DOI: 10.1042/cs-20200904_cor] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Battagello D, Dragunas G, Klein M, Ayub AL, Velloso F, Correa R. Unpuzzling COVID-19: tissue-related signaling pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2137-2160. [PMID: 32820801 PMCID: PMC7443512 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The highly infective coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel strain of coronaviruses - the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - discovered in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan (Hubei Province, China). Remarkably, COVID-19 has rapidly spread across all continents and turned into a public health emergency, which was ultimately declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in early 2020. SARS-CoV-2 presents similar aspects to other members of the coronavirus family, mainly regarding its genome, protein structure and intracellular mechanisms, that may translate into mild (or even asymptomatic) to severe infectious conditions. Although the mechanistic features underlying the COVID-19 progression have not been fully clarified, current evidence have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 may primarily behave as other β-coronavirus members. To better understand the development and transmission of COVID-19, unveiling the signaling pathways that may be impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection, at the molecular and cellular levels, is of crucial importance. In this review, we present the main aspects related to the origin, classification, etiology and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, here we describe the potential mechanisms of cellular interaction and signaling pathways, elicited by functional receptors, in major targeted tissues/organs from the respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular, renal, and nervous systems. Furthermore, the potential involvement of these signaling pathways in evoking the onset and progression of COVID-19 symptoms in these organ systems are presently discussed. A brief description of future perspectives related to potential COVID-19 treatments is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella S. Battagello
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dragunas
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marianne O. Klein
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L.P. Ayub
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando J. Velloso
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neurosciences, Rutgers-NJMS, Newark, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Ricardo G. Correa
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys (SBP) Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
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21
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Alblihed MA. Hydroxytyrosol ameliorates oxidative challenge and inflammatory response associated with lipopolysaccharide-mediated sepsis in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:342-354. [PMID: 32840384 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120949618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is among the main bioactive ingredients isolated from olive tree with a variety of biological and pharmacological activities. In the current study, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of HT were distinguished in the splenic tissue following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated septic response. Thirty-five Swiss mice were divided into five groups (n = 7): control, HT (40 mg/kg), LPS (10 mg/kg), HT 20 mg+LPS and HT 40 mg+LPS. HT was administered for 10 days, while a single LPS dose was applied. The obtained findings demonstrate that HT administration enhanced the survival rate and decreased lactate dehydrogenase level in LPS-challenged mice. Treatment with HT inhibited the incidence of oxidative damage in splenic tissue through decreasing lipoperoxidation and increasing antioxidant molecules, namely glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. HT also decreased total leukocytes count, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and myeloperoxidase levels. Additionally, HT suppressed the production levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. Moreover, mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production were increased after HT administration. Furthermore, HT supplementation resulted in a downregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and attenuated infiltration of activated immune cells and tissue injury following LPS injection. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of HT against LPS-mediated inflammation and sepsis. Therefore, HT could be applied as an alternative anti-inflammatory agent to minimize or prevent the development of systemic inflammatory response associated with septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Alblihed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 158240College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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