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Tiemi Enokida Mori M, Name Colado Simão A, Danelli T, Rangel Oliveira S, Luis Candido de Souza Cassela P, Lerner Trigo G, Morais Cardoso K, Mestre Tejo A, Naomi Tano Z, Regina Delicato de Almeida E, Maria Vissoci Reiche E, Maes M, Alysson Batisti Lozovoy M. Protective effects of IL18-105G > A and IL18-137C > Ggenetic variants on severity of COVID-19. Cytokine 2024; 174:156476. [PMID: 38128426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN A cross-sectional study evaluated the IL18-105G > A (rs360717) and IL18-137C > G (rs187238) variants on Coronavírus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 528 patients with COVID-19 classifed with mild (n = 157), moderate (n = 63) and critical (n = 308) disease were genotpyed for the IL18-105G > A and IL18-137C > G variants. RESULTS We observed associations between severe + critical COVID-19 groups (reference group was mild COVID-19) and the IL18-105G > A (p = 0.008) and IL18-137C > G (p = 0.01) variants, which remained significant after adjusting for sex, ethnicity and age. Consequently, we have examined the associations between moderate + critical COVID-19 and the genotypes of both variants using different genetic models. The IL18-105G > A was associated with severe disease (moderate + critical), with effects of the GA genotype in the codominant [Odds ratio (OR), (95 % confidence interval) 0.55, 0.34-0.89, p = 0.015], overdominant (0.56, 0.35-0.89, p = 0.014) and dominant (0.60, 0.38-0.96, p = 0.031) models. IL18-105 GA coupled with age, chest computed tomograhy scan anormalities, body mass index, heart diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and inflammation may be used to predict the patients who develop severe disease with an accuracy of 84.3 % (sensitivity: 83.3 % and specificity: 86.5 %). Therefore, the presence of the IL18-105 A allele in homozygosis or heterozygosis conferred about 44.0 % of protection in the development of moderate and severe COVID-19. The IL18-137C > G variant was also associated with protective effects in the codominant (0.55, 0.34-0.89, p = 0.015), overdominant (0.57, 0.36-0.91, p = 0.018), and dominant models (0.59, 0.37-0.93, p = 0.025). Therefore, the IL18-137 G allele showed a protective effect against COVID-19 severity. CONCLUSION The IL18-105G > A and IL18-137C > Gvariants may contribute with protective effects for COVID-19 severity and the effects of IL18-137C > G may be modulating IL-18 production and Th1-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andréa Name Colado Simão
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Danelli
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Sayonara Rangel Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Lerner Trigo
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Kauê Morais Cardoso
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | | | - Zuleica Naomi Tano
- Depertment of Medical Clinic, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Regina Delicato de Almeida
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
- Postgraduate Program of Clinical and Laboratory Pathophysiology, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Lodrina, Paraná, Brazil; Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, School of Medicine, Campus Londrina, Lonidrna, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Marcell Alysson Batisti Lozovoy
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Laboratory of Research in Applied Immunology, University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Mota GD, Marques CL, Ribeiro SL, Albuquerque C, Castro G, Fernandino D, Omura F, Ranzolin A, Resende G, Silva N, Souza M, Studart S, Xavier R, Yazbek M, Pinheiro MM. HLA-B27 did not protect against COVID-19 in patients with axial spondyloarthritis - data from the ReumaCov-Brasil Registry. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:56. [PMID: 38031143 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have suggested the HLA-B27 gene may protect against some infections, as well as it could play a benefit role on the viral clearance, including hepatitis C and HIV. However, there is lack of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic data in spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients. AIM To evaluate the impact of HLA-B27 gene positivity on the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 and disease activity in axial SpA patients. METHODS The ReumaCoV-Brasil is a multicenter, observational, prospective cohort designed to monitor immune-mediated rheumatic diseases patients during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Brazil. Axial SpA patients, according to the ASAS classification criteria (2009), and only those with known HLA-B27 status, were included in this ReumaCov-Brasil's subanalysis. After pairing them to sex and age, they were divided in two groups: with (cases) and without (control group) COVID-19 diagnosis. Other immunodeficiency diseases, past organ or bone marrow transplantation, neoplasms and current chemotherapy were excluded. Demographic data, managing of COVID-19 (diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes, including hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, and death), comorbidities, clinical details (disease activity and concomitant medication) were collected using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database. Data are presented as descriptive analysis and multiple regression models, using SPSS program, version 20. P level was set as 5%. RESULTS From May 24th, 2020 to Jan 24th, 2021, a total of 153 axial SpA patients were included, of whom 85 (55.5%) with COVID-19 and 68 (44.4%) without COVID-19. Most of them were men (N = 92; 60.1%) with mean age of 44.0 ± 11.1 years and long-term disease (11.7 ± 9.9 years). Regarding the HLA-B27 status, 112 (73.2%) patients tested positive. There were no significant statistical differences concerning social distancing, smoking, BMI (body mass index), waist circumference and comorbidities. Regarding biological DMARDs, 110 (71.8%) were on TNF inhibitors and 14 (9.15%) on IL-17 antagonists. Comparing those patients with and without COVID-19, the HLA-B27 positivity was not different between groups (n = 64, 75.3% vs. n = 48, 48%, respectively; p = 0.514). In addition, disease activity was similar before and after the infection. Interestingly, no new episodes of arthritis, enthesitis or extra-musculoskeletal manifestations were reported after the COVID-19. The mean time from the first symptoms to hospitalization was 7.1 ± 3.4 days, and although the number of hospitalization days was numerically higher in the B27 positive group, no statistically significant difference was observed (5.7 ± 4.11 for B27 negative patients and 13.5 ± 14.8 for B27 positive patients; p = 0.594). Only one HLA-B27 negative patient died. No significant difference was found regarding concomitant medications, including conventional or biologic DMARDs between the groups. CONCLUSIONS No significant difference of COVID-19 frequency rate was observed in patients with axial SpA regarding the HLA-B27 positivity, suggesting a lack of protective effect with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, the disease activity was similar before and after the infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Brazilian Committee of Ethics in Human Research (CONEP), CAAE 30186820.2.1001.8807, and was registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials - REBEC, RBR-33YTQC. All patients read and signed the informed consent form before inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Mota
- UNIFESP, Rua Borges Lagoa, 913/ 51-53 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, CEP: 04038-034, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - F Omura
- Clinica Omura, S?o Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - M Souza
- SCBH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo M Pinheiro
- UNIFESP, Rua Borges Lagoa, 913/ 51-53 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, CEP: 04038-034, SP, Brazil.
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Bnina AB, El Bahri Y, Cheybi A, Lazrek NB, Chouchane S, Omezzine A, Naija W, Bouatay A. Association between Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) DQB1*06 and HLA DQB1*03 and adverse outcomes in a group of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Tunisia: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 45:109. [PMID: 37719057 PMCID: PMC10504440 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.45.109.39956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system is a highly polymorphic genetic system associated with the prognosis of several infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of HLA polymorphism with the outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Tunisian critically ill patients. Methods this retrospective cross-sectional study included 42 consecutive patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) for COVID-19 in March 2021. Genotyping of HLA loci was performed by LABType™ sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing kits (One lambda Inc, USA). Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS®) version 23.0. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Multivariable regression analysis was performed for the association between HLA polymorphism with adverse outcomes with adjustment for potential confounders such as age, sex, co-morbidities and blood type. Results patients included in our study had a mean age of 64.5 ± 11.5 (34-83) years and were mainly men (64.3%; (n=27)). The most common cardiovascular risk factors were obesity (61.9%; (n=26)) and hypertension (26.2%; (n=11)). Thirty-two patients died (76.2%). Eleven patients (26.2%) required intubation during hospitalization. We found that HLA DQB1*06 allele was significantly associated with protection against mortality aOR: 0.066, 95% CI 0.005-0.821; p = 0.035. HLA DQB1*03 allele was significantly associated with protection against intubation aOR: 0.151, 95% CI 0.023-0.976; p = 0.047. Conclusion it was found that there are 2 protective HLA alleles against COVID-19 severity and mortality in critically ill patients. This could allow focusing on people genetically predisposed to develop severe forms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amène Ben Bnina
- Hematology Laboratory, Sahloul Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Yasmine El Bahri
- Hematology Laboratory, Sahloul Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amény Cheybi
- Hematology Laboratory, Sahloul Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nada Ben Lazrek
- Hematology Laboratory, Sahloul Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Syrine Chouchane
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahloul Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Asma Omezzine
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Sahloul Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Walid Naija
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahloul Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amina Bouatay
- Hematology Laboratory, Sahloul Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Gu H, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Qu H, Li Y, Ahmed AA, Liu HY, Hu P, Cai D. Hepatic Anti-Oxidative Genes CAT and GPX4 Are Epigenetically Modulated by RORγ/NRF2 in Alphacoronavirus-Exposed Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1305. [PMID: 37372035 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a member of alpha-coronaviruses, PEDV could lead to severe diarrhea and dehydration in newborn piglets. Given that lipid peroxides in the liver are key mediators of cell proliferation and death, the role and regulation of endogenous lipid peroxide metabolism in response to coronavirus infection need to be illuminated. The enzymatic activities of SOD, CAT, mitochondrial complex-I, complex-III, and complex-V, along with the glutathione and ATP contents, were significantly decreased in the liver of PEDV piglets. In contrast, the lipid peroxidation biomarkers, malondialdehyde, and ROS were markedly elevated. Moreover, we found that the peroxisome metabolism was inhibited by the PEDV infection using transcriptome analysis. These down-regulated anti-oxidative genes, including GPX4, CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GCLC, and SLC7A11, were further validated by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. Because the nuclear receptor RORγ-driven MVA pathway is critical for LPO, we provided new evidence that RORγ also controlled the genes CAT and GPX4 involved in peroxisome metabolism in the PEDV piglets. We found that RORγ directly binds to these two genes using ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR analysis, where PEDV strongly repressed the binding enrichments. The occupancies of histone active marks such as H3K9/27ac and H3K4me1/2, together with active co-factor p300 and polymerase II at the locus of CAT and GPX4, were significantly decreased. Importantly, PEDV infection disrupted the physical association between RORγ and NRF2, facilitating the down-regulation of the CAT and GPX4 genes at the transcriptional levels. RORγ is a potential factor in modulating the CAT and GPX4 gene expressions in the liver of PEDV piglets by interacting with NRF2 and histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yaya Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huan Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Abdelkareem A Ahmed
- Biomedical Research Institute, Darfur University College, Nyala 56022, Sudan
| | - Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Abdulaziz Alsufyani A. Post-COVID-19 effect on biochemical parameters in children: Should we take heed? Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103649. [PMID: 37069947 PMCID: PMC10079315 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research is to analyze the potential impact of the COVID-19 infection on the serum biochemical concentration of children 6 months after recovery from the infection. The study included 72 children with a median age of 11 years. The case group consisted of 37 children who had contracted COVID-19 6 months prior to the analysis. They reported no other pre- or post-covid chronic or systemic diseases. The control group consisted of 35 children who had no prior record of COVID-19 infection. The analysis showed a substantial variation (P = 0.026) in the mean urea values (mmol/L) between the case group (4.513 ± 0.839) and the control group (5.425 ± 1.173). However, both groups' urea levels were within the normal range of their age group. No statistical differences were found analyzing the variations between the two groups in the levels of LDH, AST, ALT, BiliT, GGT, AlbBCG2, CRP, CK, AlKP, UA, Phos, Crea2, Gluc, Ca, Na, K, Cl, TP, TC, TG, and HDL (P > 0.05). The DMFT score was substantially greater (P < 0.002) in the infected team (5.38 ± 2.841) in comparison to the non-infected group (2.6 ± 2.257). The study indicates that COVID-19 infection does not leave biochemical alterations among children who did not have pre-existing conditions. The biochemical analysis suggests that children recover better than adults from COVID-19. Furthermore, it calls for investigating non-lethal COVID-19 infection as a tool to discover underlying conditions. The DMFT score shows a correlation between COVID-19 infection and caries. However, the nature of the correlation is yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Abdulaziz Alsufyani
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Meier N, Nägler T, Wald R, Schmidt A. Purchasing behavior and use of digital sports offers by CrossFit® and weightlifting athletes during the first SARS-CoV-2 lockdown in Germany. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:44. [PMID: 35321735 PMCID: PMC8940977 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To combat the spread of SARS-CoV-2, CrossFit® training centers, and fitness studios were closed during the first lockdown in Germany from mid-March until June 2020, and as a result, CrossFit® (CFA) or weightlifting athletes (WLA) faced a major challenge for the first time. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of the first lockdown on the training behavior and to analyze the way the athletes dealt with the new situation. In detail, we focus on habits of purchase and examine the acceptance of digital sports offers between CFA and WLA in response to the restrictions of the nationwide lockdown. METHODS An online survey was used to characterize the purchasing behavior and use of digital sports offers of CFA and WLA. In total, 484 volunteers (192 women, 290 men, 2 diverse) responded to the online questionary, allowing us to identify changes in training behavior and differences between the sports disciplines. RESULTS Our data shows both CFA and WLA purchase new equipment for a home gym and the use of digital sports increased significantly across all age groups. A comparison during the lockdown even showed that within the CFA, one group (n = 142) reported losing 5 kg or more of body mass, while the value of the WLA remained constant. On the one hand, the results indicate that despite the restrictions during the lockdown, CFA were may able to enhance health aspects by improving their body composition. On the other hand, this study shows that the training habits of both groups of athletes have changed significantly with the use of digital sports offers. CONCLUSIONS We suppose that the great openness and the expansion of online sports offers during the first lockdown may change the sports industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Meier
- Institut Für Sportwissenschaft, Fakultät Für Humanwissenschaften, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Till Nägler
- Institut Für Sportwissenschaft, Fakultät Für Humanwissenschaften, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Robin Wald
- Institut Für Sportwissenschaft, Fakultät Für Humanwissenschaften, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schmidt
- Institut Für Sportwissenschaft, Fakultät Für Humanwissenschaften, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577, Neubiberg, Germany.
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Urda L, Kreuter MH, Drewe J, Boonen G, Butterweck V, Klimkait T. The Petasites hybridus CO 2 Extract (Ze 339) Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Replication In Vitro. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010106. [PMID: 35062310 PMCID: PMC8781559 DOI: 10.3390/v14010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide, affecting over 250 million people and resulting in over five million deaths. Antivirals that are effective are still limited. The antiviral activities of the Petasites hybdridus CO2 extract Ze 339 were previously reported. Thus, to assess the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of Ze 339 as well as isopetasin and neopetasin as major active compounds, a CPE and plaque reduction assay in Vero E6 cells was used for viral output. Antiviral effects were tested using the original virus (Wuhan) and the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. The antiviral drug remdesivir was used as control. Pre-treatment with Ze 339 in SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cells with either virus variant significantly inhibited virus replication with IC50 values of 0.10 and 0.40 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values obtained for isopetasin ranged between 0.37 and 0.88 μM for both virus variants, and that of remdesivir ranged between 1.53 and 2.37 μM. In conclusion, Ze 339 as well as the petasins potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro of the Wuhan and Delta variants. Since time is of essence in finding effective treatments, clinical studies will have to demonstrate if Ze339 can become a therapeutic option to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Urda
- Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jürgen Drewe
- Medical Department, Max Zeller & Söhne AG, Seeblickstrasse 4, 8590 Romanshorn, Switzerland
| | - Georg Boonen
- Medical Department, Max Zeller & Söhne AG, Seeblickstrasse 4, 8590 Romanshorn, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Butterweck
- Medical Department, Max Zeller & Söhne AG, Seeblickstrasse 4, 8590 Romanshorn, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Klimkait
- Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
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Chengo R, Esho T, Kuria S, Kimani S, Indalo D, Kamanzi L, Mouhamed B, Wabwire A, Camara K, Kapsandui T, Kagurusi P, Nankanja M, Oele G, Osur J. A Situation Assessment of Community Health Workers' Preparedness in Supporting Health System Response to COVID-19 in Kenya, Senegal, and Uganda. J Prim Care Community Health 2022; 13:21501319211073415. [PMID: 35356847 PMCID: PMC8977686 DOI: 10.1177/21501319211073415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused socio-economic disruptions across the
globe. The pandemic disrupted the health system (HS) calling for
reengineering in response to high infection rates, deaths, and resultant
containment measures. To deal with COVID-19 and promote resilience,
community health workers (CHWs) were engaged across countries. Objective: Assess the preparedness of CHWs in supporting health system response in
prevention and management of COVID-19 in Kenya, Senegal, and Uganda. Methods: A mixed methods design study involving national and subnational jurisdictions
in the 3 countries. Key informant interviews were conducted with policy
actors (16) and health care workers (24) while in-depth interviews involved
CHWs (14) and community members (312) subjected to survey interviews. Results: Most (>50%) households survived on <USD 100/month during COVID-19
announced in March 2020 through national TV (57%), FM (42%), and radio
station (27%). Community members interactions with CHWs increased during the
pandemic through home visits as health educators, basic counseling providers
and distributors of pandemic information tools, personal protective
equipments, and social support commodities. The CHWs faced challenges during
pandemic prevention and management including lack of: protective gear,
salary, refresher courses, and identification tools; limited supervision and
training; hostile reception during home visits; misconception and
politicking about the pandemic. To effectively support prevention and manage
of COVID-19, priority needs for CHWs were identified namely: provision of
resources, protective gear, transport reimbursement, stipends,
identification cards, and tools for recording and reporting; empowerment
with adequate skills, trainings on provision of psychosocial support, first
aid, and sensitization on policies. Conclusion: COVID-19 linked disruptions to optimal functioning of HS necessitated
engagement of CHWs in the pandemic prevention and management. Findings
underscore the important role CHWs play in supporting HS during crisis like
COVID-19 to mitigate disruptions and stabilize the system for effective
response. The CHWs can improve resilience of social and HS during unplanned
disruptions for optimal functioning and attainment of universal health care.
Policy makers should develop structured mechanisms for engaging CHWs while
committing resources to address challenges that affect seamless synergy
between health and CHWs Systems.
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Mohammed Omer SA, Ibrahim Abdallah E, Mahmoud Muddathir AR, Eltayeb Omer A, Bashier Eltayeb L. D-Dimer Level Among COVID-19 Patients as Biological Mediator for Hyper Coagulation State. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:569-574. [PMID: 36098192 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.569.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Viremia due to SARS-CoV-2 lead variety of biochemical change in the human body, which play a crucial role in the activation of the coagulation cascade causing thrombotic complications and coagulopathies. The study aimed<i> </i>to ascertain the D-dimer level as a biological mediator in COVID-19 patients in Khartoum state and compare the results to the control group. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of August to December, 2021, including 50 healthy patients and 50 COVID-19 patients, blood samples were collected from study groups for measurement of D-dimer level using an I Chroma device. Statistical analysis was conducted using SSPS version 21. <b>Results:</b> This study revealed a statistically increased D-dimer level among COVID-19 patients compared with the control group (2000-10000 vs. up to 500 ng mL<sup></sup><sup>1</sup>), respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> Viremia induced by COVID-19 infection can cause a high D-dimer level which can lead to thrombosis event or bleeding tendency.
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Alhama J, Maestre JP, Martín MÁ, Michán C. Monitoring COVID-19 through SARS-CoV-2 quantification in wastewater: progress, challenges and prospects. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:1719-1728. [PMID: 34905659 PMCID: PMC9151337 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater‐Based Epidemiology (WBE) is widely used to monitor the progression of the current SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic at local levels. In this review, we address the different approaches to the steps needed for this surveillance: sampling wastewaters (WWs), concentrating the virus from the samples and quantifying them by qPCR, focusing on the main limitations of the methodologies used. Factors that can influence SARS‐CoV‐2 monitoring in WWs include: (i) physical parameters as temperature that can hamper the detection in warm seasons and tropical regions, (ii) sampling methodologies and timetables, being composite samples and Moore swabs the less variable and more sensitive approaches, (iii) virus concentration methodologies that need to be feasible and practicable in simpler laboratories and (iv) detection methodologies that should tend to use faster and cost‐effective procedures. The efficiency of WW treatments and the use of WWs for SARS‐CoV‐2 variants detection are also addressed. Furthermore, we discuss the need for the development of common standardized protocols, although these must be versatile enough to comprise variations among target communities. WBE screening of risk populations will allow for the prediction of future outbreaks, thus alerting authorities to implement early action measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alhama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Juan P Maestre
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop C1786, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - M Ángeles Martín
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Area of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Córdoba, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry (IUNAN), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Carmen Michán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
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11
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Yang Y, Wang S, Xie X, Li J, Zhang R. Change of gene expression profiles in human cardiomyocytes and macrophages infected with SARS -CoV -2 and its significance. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 46:1203-1211. [PMID: 34911854 PMCID: PMC10929859 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.210221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 can damage the myocardium directly, or activate the immune system, trigger a cytokine storm, and cause inflammatory cells to infiltrate the myocardial tissue and damage the myocardium. This study is based on the sequencing data to analyze the changes in gene expression of cardiomyocytes and macrophages after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and explore the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the heart and immune system. METHODS The public data set GSE151879 was retrieved. The online software Network Analyst was used to preprocess the data, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) [log2(fold change)>2, adjusted P-value<0.05] screening between the infection group and the control group in cardiomyocytes, human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and macrophages were screened. Consistent common differentially expressed genes (CCDEGs) with the same expression pattern in cardiomyocytes and macrophages were obtained, and the online analysis software String was used to conduct enrichment analysis of their biological functions and signal pathways. Protein-protein interaction network, transcription factor-gene interaction network, miRNA-gene interaction network and environmental chemical-gene interaction network were established, and Cytoscape 3.72 was used to perform visualization. RESULTS After data standardization, the data quality was excellent and it can ensure reliable results. Myocardial cell infection with SARS-CoV-2 and gene expression spectrum were changed significantly, including a total of 484 DEGs in adult cardiomyoblasts, a total of 667 DEGs in macrophages, and a total of 1 483 DEGs in human embryo source of cardiomyopathy. The Stum, mechanosensory transduction mediator homolog (STUM), dehydrogenase/reductase 9 (DHRS9), calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II beta (CAMK2B), claudin 1(CLDN1), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), TNFAIP3 interacting protein 3 (TNIP3), G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) were identical in expression patterns in 3 types of cells. The protein-protein interaction suggested that CAMK2B proteins may play a key role in the antiviral process in 3 types of cells; and silicon dioxide (SiO2), benzodiazepine (BaP), nickel (Ni), and estradiol (E2) affect anti-SARS-CoV-2 processes of the 3 types of cells. CONCLUSIONS CAMK2B, CLDN1, CCL2, and DHRS9 genes play important roles in the immune response of cardiomyocytes against SARS-CoV-2. SiO2, BaP, Ni, E2 may affect the cell's antiviral process by increasing the toxicity of cardiomyocytes, thereby aggravating SARS-CoV-2 harm to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Yang
- Second Clinical School of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046.
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Second Clinical School of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046.
| | - Xinyi Xie
- Second Clinical School of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046
| | - Junjie Li
- Second Clinical School of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046
| | - Rongqiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi 712046, China.
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12
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Long-term clinical and biochemical residue after COVID-19 recovery. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2021; 11:74. [PMID: 34777873 PMCID: PMC8435147 DOI: 10.1186/s43066-021-00144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The long-term health consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still unclear. The majority of previous trials addressed the post-COVID-19 symptoms through comprehensive medical questionnaires for relatively short periods after recovery. We tried to detect the potential pathological clinical signs and biochemical residue which persist for more than 3 months after the negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of SARS-CoV-2. Results Among 120 COVID-19 survivors of mean age 38.29 and 55.6% male proportion, systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated (P=0.001). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer showed higher values in COVID-19 survivors (P< 0.001). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl trans-peptidase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly elevated in contrast to serum albumin that was reduced in COVID-19 survivors (P ≤0.001). Serum lipase, amylase and albuminuria were higher in COVID-19 survivors (P ≤0.001). Regression analysis (AOR, 95% CI) showed that ESR (P = 0.014), haemoglobin concentration (P = 0.039), serum lipase (P= 0.018), blood urea nitrogen (P= 0.003), albuminuria (P= 0.046), 25(OH) vitamin D (P= 0.002), and serum uric acid (P= 0.005) were the significant predictors of COVID-19 survivors (94.8% an overall prediction). Conclusion COVID-19 survivors experienced residual significant clinical and biochemical alterations that necessitate comprehensive medical care and close follow-up for longer periods.
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13
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Gankin Y, Nemira A, Koniukhovskii V, Chowell G, Weppelmann TA, Skums P, Kirpich A. Investigating the first stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine using epidemiological and genomic data. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 95:105087. [PMID: 34592415 PMCID: PMC8474758 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in China in December 2019 and has rapidly spread around the globe. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020 just three months after the introduction of the virus. Individual nations have implemented and enforced a variety of social distancing interventions to slow the virus spread, that had different degrees of success. Understanding the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 transmission in different settings is highly important. While most such studies have focused on China, neighboring Asian counties, Western Europe, and North America, there is a scarcity of studies for Eastern Europe. The aim of this epidemiological study is to fill this gap by analyzing the characteristics of the first months of the epidemic in Ukraine using agent-based modelling and phylodynamics. Specifically, first we studied the dynamics of COVID-19 incidence and mortality and explored the impact of epidemic NPIs. Our stochastic model suggests, that even a small delay of weeks could have increased the number of cases by up to 50%, with the potential to overwhelm hospital systems. Second, the genomic data analysis suggests that there have been multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Ukraine during the early stages of the epidemic. Our findings support the conclusion that the implemented travel restrictions may have had limited impact on the epidemic spread. Third, the basic reproduction number for the epidemic that has been estimated independently from case counts data and from genomic data suggest sustained intra-country transmissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Gankin
- Quantori, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alina Nemira
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Gerardo Chowell
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Thomas A Weppelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Pavel Skums
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alexander Kirpich
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
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14
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Roe K. Proposed classifications of immunogenomic editing by cancers and pathogens. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 96:105126. [PMID: 34715386 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several evolutionary mechanisms exist between a lethal disease agent, such as a cancer or a pathogen, and the immune system of a surviving subpopulation of hosts. Immunogenomic editing is herein defined as the evolution of a lethal disease agent genome or the surviving carrier or host subpopulation immune system genomes. One type of immunogenomic editing called immunoediting has already been identified for cancer genomes. The effects of two other types of immunogenomic editing have been observed for pathogens and humans. However, these types of editing are only a few types of a much broader immunogenomic editing process, and some of the other types of immunogenomic editing have not been explicitly recognized. Immunogenomic editing can include seven types, and several types of immunogenomic editing have applications including analysis of subpopulation responses to cancers and pathogens. Applications would also include facilitating analysis of substantial subpopulation vulnerability differences to lethal pathogen epidemics. The need for quicker analysis of the actual transmission chains and the immunogenomic mechanisms for the faster spread of dangerously virulent pathogens can be expected to increase, since modern transportation technology can spread new pathogens very rapidly around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Roe
- San Jose, CA, United States of America.
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15
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Peng YC, Cheng CH, Yatsuda H, Liu SH, Liu SJ, Kogai T, Kuo CY, Wang RYL. A Novel Rapid Test to Detect Anti-SARS-CoV-2 N Protein IgG Based on Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave (SH-SAW). Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101838. [PMID: 34679536 PMCID: PMC8534600 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak, many methods have been used to detect antigens or antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including viral culture, nucleic acid test, and immunoassay. The shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) biosensor is a novel pathogen detection platform with the advantages of high sensitivity and short detection time. The objective of this study is to develop a SH-SAW biosensor to detect the anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody. The rabbit sera collected from rabbits on different days after SARS-CoV-2 N protein injection were evaluated by SH-SAW biosensor and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the SH-SAW biosensor achieved a high correlation coefficient (R = 0.9997) with different concentrations (34.375–1100 ng/mL) of the “spike-in” anti-N protein antibodies. Compared to ELISA, the SH-SAW biosensor has better sensitivity and can detect anti-N protein IgG signals earlier than ELISA on day 6 (p < 0.05). Overall, in this study, we demonstrated that the SH-SAW biosensor is a promising platform for rapid in vitro diagnostic (IVD) testing, especially for antigen or antibody testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Peng
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hsuan Cheng
- Tst Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Taoyuan 324, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (H.Y.); (S.-H.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Hiromi Yatsuda
- Tst Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Taoyuan 324, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (H.Y.); (S.-H.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Szu-Heng Liu
- Tst Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Taoyuan 324, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (H.Y.); (S.-H.L.); (T.K.)
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Takashi Kogai
- Tst Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Taoyuan 324, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (H.Y.); (S.-H.L.); (T.K.)
- Japan Radio Co., Ltd., Saitama 356-8510, Japan
| | - Chen-Yen Kuo
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial and Children’s Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Robert Y. L. Wang
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial and Children’s Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 3691)
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16
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Gankin Y, Nemira A, Koniukhovskii V, Chowell G, Weppelmann TA, Skums P, Kirpich A. Investigating the first stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine using epidemiological and genomic data. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.03.05.21253014. [PMID: 34373859 PMCID: PMC8351773 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.05.21253014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in China in December 2019 and has rapidly spread around the globe. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020 just three months after the introduction of the virus. Individual nations have implemented and enforced a variety of social distancing interventions to slow the virus spread, that had different degrees of success. Understanding the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on COVID-19 transmission in different settings is highly important. While most such studies have focused on China, neighboring Asian counties, Western Europe, and North America, there is a scarcity of studies for Eastern Europe. The aim of this study is to contribute to filling this gap by analyzing the characteristics of the first months of the epidemic in Ukraine using agent-based modelling and phylodynamics. Specifically, first we studied the dynamics of COVID-19 incidence and mortality and explored the impact of epidemic NPIs. Our stochastic model suggests, that even a small delay of weeks could have increased the number of cases by up to 50%, with the potential to overwhelm hospital systems. Second, the genomic data analysis suggests that there have been multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Ukraine during the early stages of the epidemic. Our findings support the conclusion that the implemented travel restrictions may have had limited impact on the epidemic spread. Third, the basic reproduction number for the epidemic that has been estimated independently from case counts data and from genomic data suggest sustained intra-country transmissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Gankin
- Quantori, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alina Nemira
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Gerardo Chowell
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Weppelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Pavel Skums
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alexander Kirpich
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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17
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Fu E, Ma R, Wang L, Fu H, Li W. Study on clinical characteristics of 173 cases of COVID-19 and effect of glucocorticoid on nucleic acid negative conversion. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:4251-4265. [PMID: 34150012 PMCID: PMC8205690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To study the clinical characteristics, changes in relevant test parameters, time of nucleic acid negative conversion, and effect of glucocorticoid treatment in Wuhan area patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Methods: Data of 173 inpatients at Huoshenshan Hospital from February 10 to March 17, 2020, were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical characteristics, partial test results, and the influence of glucocorticoid therapy on the clinical outcomes of nucleic acid negative conversion and changes in lung CT images were compared. The patients were divided at admission into 4 groups according to the course of disease and glucocorticoid treatment. Differences among the groups were analyzed statistically. Results: The median age of 173 patients was 62 years, and 91.3% were over 40 years old. Underlying diseases occurred in 50.3% of patients, 32.6% had family gatherings, and 24.3% had exposure while shopping or at a hospital. Median times of nucleic acid negative conversion in group A+B (course of disease < 3 weeks) and group C+D (course of disease ≥ 3 weeks) were 23 days and 37 days, respectively (P < 0.05). Other group comparisons, i.e., of A+C with B+D, A with B, or C with D, were not statistically different. One week after reexamination, chest CT lesion area had changed by 52% in group C and 50% in group D (P > 0.05). In some patients, administration of glucocorticoid for more than 4 weeks significantly promoted the reduction of inflammatory shadow in the lung. Conclusion: Most patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan were middle-aged and elderly people with underlying diseases and a history of family gatherings. Glucocorticoid therapy did not affect nor prolong the duration of nucleic acid negative conversion. Glucocorticoid therapy could promote improvement of lung lesions within 3 weeks after disease onset. Beyond 3 weeks, the treatment did not promote reduction in lung shadow area, however the density of shadow did decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqing Fu
- Department of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruina Ma
- Department of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linxu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Han Fu
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wangping Li
- Department of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
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18
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Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain 3 from Brazil. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:10/15/e00248-21. [PMID: 33858932 PMCID: PMC8050974 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00248-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) strain 3, one of the most important inducers of viral hepatitis, has been extensively studied as an organism to gain a better understanding of coronavirus biology and pathogenesis. Only one sequence is currently available. Another representative isolate has now been sequenced and added to the arsenal of MHV-3 variants.
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19
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Hancock JT, Rouse RC, Stone E, Greenhough A. Interacting Proteins, Polymorphisms and the Susceptibility of Animals to SARS-CoV-2. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:797. [PMID: 33809265 PMCID: PMC8000148 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a world-wide problem for the human population. It is known that some animal species, such as mink, can become infected and transmit the virus. However, the susceptibility of most animals is not known. Here, we review the use of sequence analysis of the proteins which are known to interact with SARS-CoV-2 as a way to estimate an animal's susceptibility. Although most such work concentrates on the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2), here TMPRSS2 (Transmembrane Serine Protease 2), neuropilin-1 and furin are also considered. Polymorphisms, especially ones which are known to alter viral/host interactions are also discussed. Analysis of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein sequences across species suggests this approach may be of some utility in predicting susceptibility; however, this analysis fails to highlight some susceptible animals such as mink. However, combined with observational data which emerges over time about which animals actually become infected, this may, in the future, be a useful tool to assist the management of risks associated with human/animal contact and support conservation and animal welfare measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Hancock
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (E.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Ros C. Rouse
- Research, Business and Innovation, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
| | - Emma Stone
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (E.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Alexander Greenhough
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (E.S.); (A.G.)
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20
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Pojero F, Candore G, Caruso C, Di Bona D, Groneberg DA, Ligotti ME, Accardi G, Aiello A. The Role of Immunogenetics in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2636. [PMID: 33807915 PMCID: PMC7961811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is induced by SARS-CoV-2 and may arise as a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from an asymptomatic condition to a life-threatening disease associated with cytokine storm, multiorgan and respiratory failure. The molecular mechanism behind such variability is still under investigation. Several pieces of experimental evidence suggest that genetic variants influencing the onset, maintenance and resolution of the immune response may be fundamental in predicting the evolution of the disease. The identification of genetic variants behind immune system reactivity and function in COVID-19 may help in the elaboration of personalized therapeutic strategies. In the frenetic look for universally shared treatment plans, those genetic variants that are common to other diseases/models may also help in addressing future research in terms of drug repurposing. In this paper, we discuss the most recent updates about the role of immunogenetics in determining the susceptibility to and the history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We propose a narrative review of available data, speculating about lessons that we have learnt from other viral infections and immunosenescence, and discussing what kind of aspects of research should be deepened in order to improve our knowledge of how host genetic variability impacts the outcome for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Pojero
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (F.P.); (G.C.); (M.E.L.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (F.P.); (G.C.); (M.E.L.); (G.A.)
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (F.P.); (G.C.); (M.E.L.); (G.A.)
| | - Danilo Di Bona
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - David A. Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Mattia E. Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (F.P.); (G.C.); (M.E.L.); (G.A.)
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (F.P.); (G.C.); (M.E.L.); (G.A.)
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy; (F.P.); (G.C.); (M.E.L.); (G.A.)
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21
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Choi J, Shin TG, Park JE, Lee GT, Kim YM, Lee SA, Kim S, Hwang NY, Hwang SY. Impact of Personal Protective Equipment on the First-Pass Success of Endotracheal Intubation in the ED: A Propensity-Score-Matching Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051060. [PMID: 33806528 PMCID: PMC7961519 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various types and levels of personal protective equipment (PPE) are currently available to protect health-care workers against infectious diseases. However, wearing cumbersome PPE may negatively affect their performance in life-saving procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of wearing extensive PPE, including a powered air-purifying respirator with a loose-fitting hood or an N95 filtering facepiece respirator, on the first-pass success (FPS) rate of endotracheal intubation (ETI) in the emergency department (ED). This study was a single-center, observational before-and-after study of 934 adult (≥18 years old) patients who underwent ETI in the academic ED. The study period was divided into a control period (from 20 January 2019, to 30 September 2019, and from 20 January 2018, to 30 September 2018) and an intervention period (from 20 January 2020, to 30 September 2020). Extensive PPE was not donned during the control period (control group, n = 687) but was donned during the intervention period (PPE group, n = 247). The primary outcome was the FPS rate. We used propensity score matching between the PPE and control groups to reduce potential confounding. Propensity score matching identified 247 cases in the PPE group and 492 cases in the control group. In the matched cohort, no significant difference was found in the FPS rate between the PPE and control groups (83.8% (n = 207) vs. 81.9% (n = 403); p = 0.522). In multivariable analysis, wearing PPE was not associated with the FPS rate (adjusted odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.57–1.40; p = 0.629) after adjusting for the level of the intubator (junior resident, senior resident, or emergency medicine (EM) specialist). In conclusion, the FPS rate is not significantly affected by wearing extensive PPE in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Choi
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.C.); (T.G.S.); (J.E.P.); (G.T.L.); (Y.M.K.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Tae Gun Shin
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.C.); (T.G.S.); (J.E.P.); (G.T.L.); (Y.M.K.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.C.); (T.G.S.); (J.E.P.); (G.T.L.); (Y.M.K.); (S.A.L.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, Korea
| | - Gun Tak Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.C.); (T.G.S.); (J.E.P.); (G.T.L.); (Y.M.K.); (S.A.L.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.C.); (T.G.S.); (J.E.P.); (G.T.L.); (Y.M.K.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Soo Ah Lee
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.C.); (T.G.S.); (J.E.P.); (G.T.L.); (Y.M.K.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (S.K.); (N.Y.H.)
| | - Na Young Hwang
- Statistics and Data Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (S.K.); (N.Y.H.)
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.C.); (T.G.S.); (J.E.P.); (G.T.L.); (Y.M.K.); (S.A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-2053
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22
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Nagoor Meeran M, Javed H, Sharma C, Goyal SN, Kumar S, Jha NK, Ojha S. Can Echinacea be a potential candidate to target immunity, inflammation, and infection - The trinity of coronavirus disease 2019. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05990. [PMID: 33585706 PMCID: PMC7870107 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing public health emergency. The pathogenesis and complications advanced with infection mainly involve immune-inflammatory cascade. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy relies on immune modulation, reducing infectivity and inflammation. Given the interplay of infection and immune-inflammatory axis, the natural products received attention for preventive and therapeutic usage in COVID-19 due to their potent antiviral and anti-immunomodulatory activities. Recently, Echinacea preparations, particularly E. purpurea, have been suggested to be an important antiviral agent to be useful in COVID-19 by modulating virus entry, internalization and replication. In principle, the immune response and the resultant inflammatory process are important for the elimination of the infection, but may have a significant impact on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and may play a role in the clinical spectrum of COVID-19. Considering the pharmacological effects, therapeutic potential, and molecular mechanisms of Echinacea, we hypothesize that it could be a reasonably possible candidate for targeting infection, immunity, and inflammation in COVID-19 with recent recognition of cannabinoid-2 (CB2) receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mediated mechanisms of bioactive components that make them notable immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiviral agent. The plausible reason for our hypothesis is that the presence of numerous bioactive agents in different parts of plants that may synergistically exert polypharmacological actions in regulating immune-inflammatory axis in COVID-19. Our proposition is to scientifically contemplate the therapeutic perspective and prospect of Echinacea on infection, immunity, and inflammation with a potential in COVID-19 to limit the severity and progression of the disease. Based on the clinical usage for respiratory infections, and relative safety in humans, further studies for the evidence-based approach to COVID-19 are needed. We do hope that Echinacea could be a candidate agent for immunomodulation in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.F. Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelvani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Hematology/Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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