1
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Chen J, Liu K, Vadas MA, Gamble JR, McCaughan GW. The Role of the MiR-181 Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2024; 13:1289. [PMID: 39120319 PMCID: PMC11311592 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the high mortality rate in HCC patients, discovering and developing novel systemic treatment options for HCC is a vital unmet medical need. Among the numerous molecular alterations in HCCs, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly recognised to play critical roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. We and others have recently revealed that members of the microRNA-181 (miR-181) family were up-regulated in some, though not all, human cirrhotic and HCC tissues-this up-regulation induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocytes and tumour cells, promoting HCC progression. MiR-181s play crucial roles in governing the fate and function of various cells, such as endothelial cells, immune cells, and tumour cells. Previous reviews have extensively covered these aspects in detail. This review aims to give some insights into miR-181s, their targets and roles in modulating signal transduction pathways, factors regulating miR-181 expression and function, and their roles in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Chen
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Cancer Innovations Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Ken Liu
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Cancer Innovations Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mathew A. Vadas
- Vascular Biology Program, Healthy Ageing Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.A.V.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Jennifer R. Gamble
- Vascular Biology Program, Healthy Ageing Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (M.A.V.); (J.R.G.)
| | - Geoffrey W. McCaughan
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Cancer Innovations Centre, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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2
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Wang Z, Thakur C, Seno A, Chen F. Digging out MDIG from the mess of H3K9me3, OTX2 and MYC signaling in human cancers. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:1090-1092. [PMID: 38322115 PMCID: PMC10845298 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.92589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, and Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Chitra Thakur
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, and Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, and R&D Center, Katayama Chemicals Ind., Co. Ltd, Ina, Minoh, Osaka, 562-0015, Japan
| | - Fei Chen
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, and Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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3
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Ouyang L, Sun MM, Zhou PS, Ren YW, Liu XY, Wei WY, Song ZS, Lu K, Yang LX. LncRNA FOXD1-AS1 regulates pancreatic cancer stem cell properties and 5-FU resistance by regulating the miR-570-3p/SPP1 axis as a ceRNA. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:4. [PMID: 38167126 PMCID: PMC10763109 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Previous studies have highlighted the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in modulating the stemness of CSCs. In our investigation, we identified an upregulation of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 in CSCs. The enforced expression of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 promotes tumorigenesis and self-renewal in pancreatic cancer CSCs. Conversely, the knockdown of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 inhibits tumorigenesis and self-renewal in pancreatic cancer CSCs. Furthermore, our findings reveal that lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 enhances self-renewal and tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer CSCs by up-regulating osteopontin/secreted phosphoprotein 1(SPP1) and acting as a ceRNA to sponge miR-570-3p in pancreatic cancer (PC) CSCs. Additionally, lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 depleted pancreatic cancer cells exhibit heightened sensitivity to 5-FU-indued cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Analysis of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) indicates that a low level of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 may serve as a predictor of 5-FU benefits in PC patients. Moreover, the introduction of SPP1 can reverse the sensitivity of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1-knockdown PC cells to 5-FU-induced cell apoptosis. Importantly, molecular studies have indicated that the elevated levels of lncRNAFOXD1-AS1 in PC are facilitated through METTL3 and YTHDF1-dependent m6A methylation. In summary, our results underscore the critical functions of lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 in the self-renewal and tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer CSCs, positioning lncRNA FOXD1-AS1 as a promising therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ouyang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic (HBP) Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic (HBP) Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Min-Min Sun
- Department of Hepatic Surgery I, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ping-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonic Intervention, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yi-Wei Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic (HBP) Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic (HBP) Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic (HBP) Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wan-Ying Wei
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Shun Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic (HBP) Surgery, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Li-Xue Yang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery II, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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4
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Bopape M, Tiloke C, Ntsapi C. Moringa oleifera and Autophagy: Evidence from In Vitro Studies on Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in HepG 2 Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1822-1847. [PMID: 37850743 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2270215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer in Sub-Saharan African countries, including South Africa (SA). Given the limitations in current HCC therapeutics, there is an increasing need for alternative adjuvant therapeutic options. As such, several cell survival mechanisms, such as autophagy, have been identified as potential adjuvant therapeutic targets in HCC treatment. Of the three most established autophagic pathways, the upregulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) has been extensively described in various cancer cells, including HCC cells. CMA promotes tumor growth and chemotherapeutic drug resistance, thus contributing to HCC tumorigenesis. Therefore, the modulation of CMA serves as a promising adjuvant target for current HCC therapeutic strategies. Phytochemical extracts found in the medicinal plant, Moringa oleifera (MO), have been shown to induce apoptosis in numerous cancer cells, including HCC. MO leaves have the greatest abundance of phytochemicals displaying anticancer potential. However, the potential interaction between the pro-apoptotic effects of MO aqueous leaf extract and the survival-promoting role of CMA in an in vitro model of HCC remains unclear. This review aims to summarize the latest findings on the role of CMA, and MO in the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matlola Bopape
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Charlette Tiloke
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Claudia Ntsapi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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5
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Zhen J, Ke Y, Pan J, Zhou M, Zeng H, Song G, Yu Z, Fu B, Liu Y, Huang D, Wu H. ZNF320 is a hypomethylated prognostic biomarker involved in immune infiltration of hepatocellular carcinoma and associated with cell cycle. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8411-8436. [PMID: 36287187 PMCID: PMC9648795 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly and common malignant cancers around the world, and the prognosis of HCC patients is not optimistic. ZNF320 belongs to Krüppel like zinc finger gene family. However, no studies have focused on the influence of ZNF320 in HCC. We first analyzed ZNF320 expression in HCC by using data from TCGA and ICGC, then conducted a joint analysis with TIMER and UALCAN, and validated by immunohistochemistry in clinical HCC samples. Then we applied UALCAN to explore the correlation between ZNF320 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. Consequently, using Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis and the Cox regression, we can predict the prognostic value of ZNF320 for HCC patients. Next, the analysis by GO, KEGG, and GSEA revealed that ZNF320 was significantly correlated to cell cycle and immunity. Finally, TIMER and GEPIA analysis verified that ZNF320 expression is closely related to tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIIC), including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. The analysis of the TCGA and ICGC data sets revealed that ZNF320 expression was significantly correlated with m6A related genes (RBMX, YTHDF1, and METTL3). In conclusion, ZNF320 may be a prognostic biomarker related to immunity as a candidate for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhen
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Ke
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingying Pan
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Minqin Zhou
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gelin Song
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zichuan Yu
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bidong Fu
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Second College of Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Honghu Wu
- Department of Science and Technology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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6
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Kahraman DC, Bilget Guven E, Aytac PS, Aykut G, Tozkoparan B, Cetin Atalay R. A new triazolothiadiazine derivative inhibits stemness and induces cell death in HCC by oxidative stress dependent JNK pathway activation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15139. [PMID: 36071119 PMCID: PMC9452548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer, and resistant to both conventional and targeted chemotherapy. Recently, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to decrease the incidence and mortality of different types of cancers. Here, we investigated the cellular bioactivities of a series of triazolothiadiazine derivatives on HCC, which have been previously reported as potent analgesic/anti-inflammatory compounds. From the initially tested 32 triazolothiadiazine NSAID derivatives, 3 compounds were selected based on their IC50 values for further molecular assays on 9 different HCC cell lines. 7b, which was the most potent compound, induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCC cells. Cell death was due to oxidative stress-induced JNK protein activation, which involved the dynamic involvement of ASK1, MKK7, and c-Jun proteins. Moreover, 7b treated nude mice had a significantly decreased tumor volume and prolonged disease-free survival. 7b also inhibited the migration of HCC cells and enrichment of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) alone or in combination with sorafenib. With its ability to act on proliferation, stemness and the migration of HCC cells, 7b can be considered for the therapeutics of HCC, which has an increased incidence rate of ~ 3% annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Cansen Kahraman
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, METU, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Bilget Guven
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kadir Has University, 34083, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Peri S Aytac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Aykut
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birsen Tozkoparan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rengul Cetin Atalay
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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7
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Sánchez-Sánchez AV, García-España A, Sánchez-Gómez P, Font-de-Mora J, Merino M, Mullor JL. The Embryonic Key Pluripotent Factor NANOG Mediates Glioblastoma Cell Migration via the SDF1/CXCR4 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910620. [PMID: 34638956 PMCID: PMC8508935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NANOG is a key transcription factor required for maintaining pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Elevated NANOG expression levels have been reported in many types of human cancers, including lung, oral, prostate, stomach, breast, and brain. Several studies reported the correlation between NANOG expression and tumor metastasis, revealing itself as a powerful biomarker of poor prognosis. However, how NANOG regulates tumor progression is still not known. We previously showed in medaka fish that Nanog regulates primordial germ cell migration through Cxcr4b, a chemokine receptor known for its ability to promote migration and metastasis in human cancers. Therefore, we investigated the role of human NANOG in CXCR4-mediated cancer cell migration. Of note, we found that NANOG regulatory elements in the CXCR4 promoter are functionally conserved in medaka fish and humans, suggesting an evolutionary conserved regulatory axis. Moreover, CXCR4 expression requires NANOG in human glioblastoma cells. In addition, transwell assays demonstrated that NANOG regulates cancer cell migration through the SDF1/CXCR4 pathway. Altogether, our results uncover NANOG-CXCR4 as a novel pathway controlling cellular migration and support Nanog as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of Nanog-dependent tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Virginia Sánchez-Sánchez
- Bionos Biotech, SL, Biopolo Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.V.S.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonio García-España
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43005 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Gómez
- Neurooncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Crtra/Majadahonda-Pozuelo, Km 2, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jaime Font-de-Mora
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Marián Merino
- Bionos Biotech, SL, Biopolo Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.V.S.-S.); (M.M.)
| | - José Luis Mullor
- Bionos Biotech, SL, Biopolo Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (A.V.S.-S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-961243219
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8
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Shrestha R, Bridle KR, Cao L, Crawford DHG, Jayachandran A. Dual Targeting of Sorafenib-Resistant HCC-Derived Cancer Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:2150-2172. [PMID: 34208001 PMCID: PMC8293268 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib, an oral multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been the first-line therapy for the treatment of patients with advanced HCC, providing a survival benefit of only three months in approximately 30% of patients. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare tumour subpopulation with self-renewal and differentiation capabilities, and have been implicated in tumour growth, recurrence and drug resistance. The process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to the generation and maintenance of the CSC population, resulting in immune evasion and therapy resistance in several cancers, including HCC. The aim of this study is to target the chemoresistant CSC population in HCC by assessing the effectiveness of a combination treatment approach with Sorafenib, an EMT inhibitor and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). A stem-cell-conditioned serum-free medium was utilised to enrich the CSC population from the human HCC cell lines Hep3B, PLC/PRF/5 and HepG2. The anchorage independent spheres were characterised for CSC features. The human HCC-derived spheres were assessed for EMT status and expression of immune checkpoint molecules. The effect of combination treatment with SB431542, an EMT inhibitor, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) or CD73 along with Sorafenib on human HCC-derived CSCs was examined with cell viability and apoptosis assays. The three-dimensional spheres enriched from human HCC cell lines demonstrated CSC-like features. The human HCC-derived CSCs also exhibited the EMT phenotype along with the upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules. The combined treatment with SB431542 and siRNA-mediated PD-L1 or CD73 knockdown effectively enhanced the cytotoxicity of Sorafenib against the CSC population compared to Sorafenib alone, as evidenced by the reduced size and proliferation of spheres. Furthermore, the combination treatment of Sorafenib with SB431542 and PD-L1 or CD73 siRNA resulted in an increased proportion of an apoptotic population, as evidenced by flow cytometry analysis. In conclusion, the combined targeting of EMT and immune checkpoint molecules with Sorafenib can effectively target the CSC tumour subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Shrestha
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia; (R.S.); (K.R.B.); (L.C.); (D.H.G.C.)
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia
| | - Kim R. Bridle
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia; (R.S.); (K.R.B.); (L.C.); (D.H.G.C.)
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia
| | - Lu Cao
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia; (R.S.); (K.R.B.); (L.C.); (D.H.G.C.)
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia
| | - Darrell H. G. Crawford
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia; (R.S.); (K.R.B.); (L.C.); (D.H.G.C.)
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia
| | - Aparna Jayachandran
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia; (R.S.); (K.R.B.); (L.C.); (D.H.G.C.)
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-4-2424-8058
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9
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Wei H, Wang J, Xu Z, Li W, Wu X, Zhuo C, Lu Y, Long X, Tang Q, Pu J. Hepatoma Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Liver Cancer Metastasis by Inducing the Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Through microRNA-181d-5p and the FAK/Src Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:607001. [PMID: 34124029 PMCID: PMC8194264 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.607001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are beneficial to repair the damaged liver. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) are notorious in tumor metastasis. But the mechanism underlying hepatoma cell-derived EVs in BMSCs and liver cancer remains unclear. We hypothesize that hepatoma cell-derived EVs compromise the effects of BMSCs on the metastasis of liver cancer. The differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) were screened. HepG2 cells were transfected with miR-181d-5p mimic or inhibitor, and the EVs were isolated and incubated with BMSCs to evaluate the differentiation of BMSCs into fibroblasts. Hepatoma cells were cultured with BMSCs conditioned medium (CM) treated with HepG2-EVs to assess the malignant behaviors of hepatoma cells. The downstream genes and pathways of miR-181d-5p were analyzed and their involvement in the effect of EVs on BMSC differentiation was verified through functional rescue experiments. The nude mice were transplanted with BMSCs-CM or BMSCs-CM treated with HepG2-EVs, and then tumor growth and metastasis in vivo were assessed. HepG2-EVs promoted fibroblastic differentiation of BMSCs, and elevated levels of α-SMA, vimentin, and collagen in BMSCs. BMSCs-CM treated with HepG2-EVs stimulated the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) of hepatoma cells. miR-181d-5p was the most upregulated in HepG2-EVs-treated BMSCs. miR-181d-5p targeted SOCS3 to activate the FAK/Src pathway and SOCS3 overexpression inactivated the FAK/Src pathway. Reduction of miR-181d-5p in HepG2-EVs or SOCS3 overexpression reduced the differentiation of BMSCs into fibroblasts, and compromised the promoting effect of HepG2-EVs-treated BMSCs-CM on hepatoma cells. In vivo, HepG2-EVs-treated BMSCs facilitated liver cancer growth and metastasis. In conclusion, HepG2-EVs promote the differentiation of BMSCs, and promote liver cancer metastasis through the delivery of miR-181d-5p and the SOCS3/FAK/Src pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
- Clinic Medicine Research Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianchu Wang
- Clinic Medicine Research Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Guangxi, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Zuoming Xu
- Clinic Medicine Research Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Guangxi, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenchuan Li
- Clinic Medicine Research Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Guangxi, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianjian Wu
- Clinic Medicine Research Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Guangxi, China
| | - Chenyi Zhuo
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Clinic Medicine Research Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Guangxi, China
| | - Xidai Long
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
- Clinic Medicine Research Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Guangxi, China
| | - Qianli Tang
- Clinic Medicine Research Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Guangxi, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Pu
- Clinic Medicine Research Center of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Guangxi, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, China
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10
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Liang Z, Wu B, Ji Z, Liu W, Shi D, Chen X, Wei Y, Jiang J. The binding of LDN193189 to CD133 C-terminus suppresses the tumorigenesis and immune escape of liver tumor-initiating cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 513:90-100. [PMID: 33984420 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-initiating cell (TIC) marker CD133 promotes TIC self-renewal and tumorigenesis through the tyrosine phosphorylation of its c-terminal domain. Therefore, finding compounds that target the phosphorylation of CD133 will provide an effective method for inhibiting TICs characteristics. Here, through small molecule microarray screening, compound LDN193189 was found to bind to the c-terminus of CD133 and influenced its tyrosine phosphorylation. LDN193189 inhibited the interaction between CD133 and p85, accompanied by a reduction in the self-renewal and tumorigenicity of liver TIC. In addition, LDN193189 inhibited the expression and transcription of Galectin-3 by reducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of CD133. Galectin-3 secreted by liver TICs inhibited the proliferation of activated CD8+ T cells by binding to PD-1. LDN193189 suppressed the immune escape ability of liver TICs by downregulating Galectin-3. Taken together, LDN193189 suppressed the tumorigenesis and immune escape of liver CSCs by targeting the CD133-Galectin-3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Bingrui Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhi Ji
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Weitao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Danfang Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yuanyan Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Jianhai Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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11
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Li M, Mu XD, Song JR, Zhai PT, Cheng Y, Le Y, Li ZB. PAF enhances cancer stem cell properties via β-catenin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1010-1020. [PMID: 33970778 PMCID: PMC8172152 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1919826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing proofs have declared that liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main contributors to tumor initiation, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CSCs regulation remain largely unclear. Recently, PCNA-associated factor (PAF) was identified to play a key role in maintaining breast cancer cell stemness, but its role in liver cancer stem cells has not been declared yet. Herein, we found that both mRNA and protein expression levels of PAF were significantly higher in HCC tissues and cell lines than normal controls. CSC-enriched hepatoma spheres displayed an increase in PAF expression compared to monolayer-cultured cells. Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments revealed that PAF enhanced sphere formation and the percentage of CD133+ or EpCAM+ cells in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells. In the xenograft HCC tumor model, tumor initiation rates and tumor growth were suppressed by knockdown of PAF. Mechanistically, PAF can amplify the self-renewal of liver CSCs by activating β-catenin signaling. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PAF plays a crucial role in maintaining the hepatoma cell stemness by β-catenin signaling.Abbreviations: CSCs: cancer stem cells; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; PAF: pCNA-associated factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Xu-Dong Mu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Juan-Rong Song
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng-Tao Zhai
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Yao Le
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yulin First Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Yulin, China
| | - Zhu-Bin Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Intervention, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi’an, China
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12
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The Role of Polycomb Group Protein BMI1 in DNA Repair and Genomic Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062976. [PMID: 33804165 PMCID: PMC7998361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a class of transcriptional repressors that mediate gene silencing through histone post-translational modifications. They are involved in the maintenance of stem cell self-renewal and proliferation, processes that are often dysregulated in cancer. Apart from their canonical functions in epigenetic gene silencing, several studies have uncovered a function for PcG proteins in DNA damage signaling and repair. In particular, members of the poly-comb group complexes (PRC) 1 and 2 have been shown to recruit to sites of DNA damage and mediate DNA double-strand break repair. Here, we review current understanding of the PRCs and their roles in cancer development. We then focus on the PRC1 member BMI1, discussing the current state of knowledge of its role in DNA repair and genome integrity, and outline how it can be targeted pharmacologically.
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13
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Liu L, Borlak J. Advances in Liver Cancer Stem Cell Isolation and their Characterization. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1215-1238. [PMID: 33432485 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade research on cancer stem cells (CSC) significantly contributed to a better understanding of tumor biology. Given their similarity to normal stem cells, i.e. self-renewal and pluripotency the need arises to develop robust protocols for the isolation and characterization of CSCs. As with other malignancies, hepatic tumors are composed of a heterogeneous population of cells including liver cancer stem cells (LCSC). Yet, a precise understanding of why stem cells become cancerous is still lacking. There is unmet need to develop robust protocols for the successful isolation of LCSCs from human tissue resection material as to assist in the development of molecular targeted therapies. Here we review the research progress made in the isolation and characterization of LCSCs by considering a wide range of cell surface markers and sorting methods, as applied to side populations, microsphere cultures and the gradient centrifugation method. We emphasize the different fluorescence activated cell sorting methods and the possibility to enrich LCSCs by immunomagnetic beads. We review the specificity of functional assays by considering ABCG transporter and ALDH1 enzyme activities and evaluate the in vivo tumorigenicity of LCSCs in highly sensitive bioassays. Finally, we evaluate different LCSC markers in association with viral and non-viral liver disease and explore the potential of novel drug delivery systems targeting CD133, EpCAM, CD13 and CD90 for the development of molecular targeted therapies. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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14
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Wang J, Zhao H, Yu J, Xu X, Jing H, Li N, Tang Y, Wang S, Li Y, Cai J, Jin J. MiR-320b/RAD21 axis affects hepatocellular carcinoma radiosensitivity to ionizing radiation treatment through DNA damage repair signaling. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:575-588. [PMID: 33251678 PMCID: PMC7894001 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world and is associated with high mortality. Ionizing radiation (IR)-based therapy causes DNA damage, exerting a curative effect; however, DNA damage repair signaling pathways lead to HCC resistance to IR-based therapy. RAD21 is a component of the cohesion complex, crucial for chromosome segregation and DNA damage repair, while it is still unclear whether RAD21 is implicated in DNA damage and influences IR sensitivity in HCC. The current research explores the effect and upstream regulatory mechanism of RAD21 on IR sensitivity in HCC. In the present study, RAD21 mRNA and protein expression were increased within HCC tissue samples, particularly within IR-insensitive HCC tissues. The overexpression of RAD21 partially attenuated the roles of IR in HCC by promoting the viability and suppressing the apoptosis of HCC cells. RAD21 overexpression reduced the culture medium 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine concentration and decreased the protein levels of γH2AX and ATM, suggesting that RAD21 overexpression attenuated IR treatment-induced DNA damage to HCC cells. miR-320b targeted RAD21 3'-UTR to inhibit RAD21 expression. In HCC tissues, particularly in IR-insensitive HCC tissues, miR-320b expression was significantly downregulated. miR-320b inhibition also attenuated IR treatment-induced DNA damage to HCC cells; more importantly, RAD21 silencing significantly attenuated the effects of miR-320b inhibition on IR treatment-induced DNA damage, suggesting that miR-320b plays a role through targeting RAD21. In conclusion, an miR-320b/RAD21 axis modulating HCC sensitivity to IR treatment through acting on IR-induced DNA damage was demonstrated. The miR-320b/RAD21 axis could be a novel therapeutic target for further study of HCC sensitivity to IR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Jing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shulian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yexiong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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15
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Zhang B, Wang HY, Wang DX, Zeng Q, Fan Z, Xi JF, Nan X, He LJ, Zhou JN, Pei XT, Yue W. A new protocol for long-term culture of a specific subpopulation of liver cancer stem cells enriched by cell surface markers. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1737-1747. [PMID: 32662250 PMCID: PMC7459405 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (L‐CSCs) are considered to be an important therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study provides a new in vitro long‐term culture model for a specific subpopulation of L‐CSCs enriched by cell surface markers. We combined CD13, CD133 and EpCAM to selectively enrich L‐CSCs, which we then cultured in modified chemically defined medium. The enriched L‐CSCs exhibited enhanced proliferation, self‐renewal and long‐term clonal maintenance ability as compared with non‐CSCs. Compared with wild‐type hepatocellular carcinoma, the expression of stemness surface markers, oncogenes, drug resistance and tumorigenicity in enriched L‐CSCs was significantly increased. In summary, the subpopulation of L‐CSCs still maintains cancer stem cell‐related phenotypes after 14 days of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Yang Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Xing Wang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Zeng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng Fan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Fei Xi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Nan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan He
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Nian Zhou
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, China.,Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Tao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Yue
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China.,South China Research Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, SCIB, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Extracellular vesicles for tumor targeting delivery based on five features principle. J Control Release 2020; 322:555-565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Dimri M, Satyanarayana A. Molecular Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Targets in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020491. [PMID: 32093152 PMCID: PMC7072513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex biological process and is often diagnosed at advanced stages with no effective treatment options. With advances in tumor biology and molecular genetic profiling, several different signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms have been identified as responsible for initiating and promoting HCC. Targeting these critical pathways, which include the receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, the Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/Raf/MAPK), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, the ubiquitin/proteasome degradation and the hedgehog signaling pathway has led to the identification of novel therapeutics for HCC treatment. In this review, we elaborated on our current understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the development and initiation of HCC and anticipate the potential targets for therapeutic drug development.
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18
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El-Houseini ME, Ismail A, Abdelaal AA, El-Habashy AH, Abdallah ZF, Mohamed MZ, El-Hadidi M, Cho WCS, Ahmed H, Al-Shafie TA. Role of TGF-β1 and C-Kit Mutations in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients: in vitro Study. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:941-953. [PMID: 31522676 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919080108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) acts as a tumor-suppressing cytokine in healthy tissues and non-malignant tumors. Yet, in malignancy, TGF-β can exert the opposite effects that can promote proliferation of cancer cells. C-Kit plays a prominent role in stem cell activation and liver regeneration after injury. However, little is known about the cross-talk between TGF-β and C-Kit and its role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we studied the effect of increasing doses of TGF-β1 on CD44+CD90+ liver stem cells (LSCs) and C-Kit gene expression in malignant and adjacent non-malignant liver tissues excised from 32 HCC patients. The percentage of LSCs in malignant tumors was two times higher compared to their counterparts from the non-malignant tissues. When treated with increasing doses of TGF-β1, proliferation of both malignant and non-malignant LSCs was progressively suppressed, but low TGF-β1 dose failed to suppress the growth of malignant LSCs. Moreover, C-Kit exons 9 and 11 were expressed in malignant LSCs, but not in their non-malignant counterparts. Analysis of C-Kit detected mutations in exon 9 (but not in exon 11) in some malignant liver cells resulting in the changes in the amino acid sequence and dysregulation of protein structure and function. Interestingly, in malignant liver cells, mutations in exon 9 were associated with high-viremia hepatitis C virus (HCV), and expression of this exon was not suppressed by the TGF-β1 treatment at all doses. To our knowledge, this is the first report that mutations in the C-Kit gene in HCC patients are associated with high- viremia HCV. Our study emphasizes the need for investigation of the TGF-β1 level and C-Kit mutations in patients with chronic HCV for HCC prevention and better therapy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E El-Houseini
- Cairo University, National Cancer Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - A Ismail
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - A A Abdelaal
- Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - A H El-Habashy
- Cairo University, National Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Z F Abdallah
- Cairo University, National Cancer Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - M Z Mohamed
- Medical Center of Egyptian Railways, Department of Medical Laboratory, Cairo, 11669, Egypt
| | - M El-Hadidi
- Nile University, Center of Informatics Science, Giza, 12525, Egypt
| | - W C S Cho
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Clinical Oncology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - H Ahmed
- GlycoMantra, Inc., Baltimore, MD 21227, USA
| | - T A Al-Shafie
- Cairo University, National Cancer Institute, Department of Cancer Biology, Cairo, 11796, Egypt. .,Pharos University in Alexandria, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Alexandria, 21311, Egypt
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19
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Wu HJ, Chu PY. Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Cholangiocarcinoma and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174154. [PMID: 31450710 PMCID: PMC6747544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common type of liver cancer, and is highly aggressive with very poor prognosis. CCA is classified into intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA), which is further stratified into perihilar (pCCA) and distal (dCCA). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells capable of tumor initiation and malignant growth, and are also responsible for chemoresistance. Thus, CSCs play an important role in CCA carcinogenesis. Surface markers such as CD133, CD24, CD44, EpCAM, Sox2, CD49f, and CD117 are important for identifying and isolating CCA CSCs. CSCs are present in the tumor microenvironment (TME), termed ‘CSC niche’, where cellular components and soluble factors interact to promote tumor initiation. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is another important mechanism underlying carcinogenesis, involved in the invasiveness, metastasis and chemoresistance of cancer. It has been demonstrated that EMT plays a critical role in generating CSCs. Therapies targeting the surface markers and signaling pathways of CCA CSCs, proteins involved in TME, and immune checkpoint proteins are currently under investigation. Therefore, this review focuses on recent studies on the roles of CSCs in CCA; the possible therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs of CCA are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsing-Ju Wu
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Lukang Town, Changhua County 505, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 510, Taiwan.
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20
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Huo Y, Chen WS, Lee J, Feng GS, Newton IG. Stress Conditions Induced by Locoregional Therapies Stimulate Enrichment and Proliferation of Liver Cancer Stem Cells. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019; 30:2016-2025.e5. [PMID: 31208945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that stress conditions that simulated percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA), transarterial embolization (TAE), or transarterial chemoembolization stimulated enrichment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cancer stem cells (hCSCs) and that hCSC inhibitors can suppress this effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human HCC cell lines HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 were subjected to a 46.5°C heat bath for 10 minutes or to 1% hypoxia for 72 hours without fetal bovine serum and with or without doxorubicin. Cells were then treated with a β-catenin inhibitor (FH535 or XAV939), a PI3 kinase inhibitor (Ly294002), or niclosamide, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved antihelminthic drug that acts as a mitochondrial decoupler and mixed inhibitor. Surviving cells were analyzed for hCSC markers by flow cytometry, for stemness by colony-forming assay or sphere-forming assay, and for proliferative capacity by MTT assay (where MTT is 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). Expression of proteins related to CSC renewal and proliferation were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunostaining. RESULTS Conditions that simulated PTA, TAE, and transarterial chemoembolization resulted in an enrichment of cells bearing hCSC markers (CD133, CD44, and EpCAM). Cells surviving heat stress exhibited higher colony- or sphere-forming capacity and a greater proliferative state. These effects could be suppressed by niclosamide and inhibitors of β-catenin and PI3 kinase. CONCLUSIONS Stress conditions induced by locoregional therapies stimulated hCSC enrichment and proliferation, which could be suppressed by niclosamide and inhibitors of pathways important for hCSC renewal. Future studies will determine whether combining locoregional therapies with adjuvant hCSC inhibitors reduces HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Huo
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Wendy S Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jin Lee
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Gen-Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Isabel G Newton
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.
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21
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Vicent S, Lieshout R, Saborowski A, Verstegen MMA, Raggi C, Recalcati S, Invernizzi P, van der Laan LJW, Alvaro D, Calvisi DF, Cardinale V. Experimental models to unravel the molecular pathogenesis, cell of origin and stem cell properties of cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Int 2019; 39 Suppl 1:79-97. [PMID: 30851232 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive tumour entity arising from the biliary tree, whose molecular pathogenesis remains largely undeciphered. Over the last decade, the advent of high-throughput and cell-based techniques has significantly increased our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease while, at the same time, unravelling CCA complexity. In particular, it becomes clear that CCA displays pronounced inter- and intratumoural heterogeneity, which is presumably the consequence of the interplay between distinct tissues and cells of origin, the underlying diseases, and the associated molecular alterations. To better characterize these events and to design novel and more effective therapeutic strategies, a number of CCA experimental and preclinical models have been developed and are currently generated. This review summarizes the current knowledge and understanding of these models, critically underlining their translational usefulness and limitations. Furthermore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on cells of origin, cancers stem cells and their dynamic interplay within CCA tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvestre Vicent
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruby Lieshout
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Saborowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Recalcati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center of Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, San Gerardo Hospita, l, University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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22
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Abstract
Abstract
After five decades of research on bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics, these materials became of considerable interest due to their revolutionary potential for numerous health applications, including cancer treatment. One advantage of glass-ceramics compared with other materials – such as metallic alloys and polymers – is their capability of being highly bioactive and, if desired, containing magnetic phases. Hyperthermia (HT) is an alternative for treating cancer; the strategy is to increase the temperature of the tumor using an external magnetic field that increases the temperature of an implanted magnetic material, which works as an internal heat source. This local increase of temperature, ideally to ~43°C, could kill cancer cells in situ without damaging the healthy surrounding tissue. To achieve such goal, a material that presents a balance between proper magnetic properties and bioactivity is necessary for the safe applicability and successful performance of the HT treatment. Certainly, achieving this ideal balance is the main challenge. In this article we review the state-of-the-art on glass-ceramics intended for HT, and explore the current difficulties in their use for cancer treatment, starting with basic concepts and moving onto recent developments and challenges.
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23
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Bao B, Prasad AS. Targeting CSC in a Most Aggressive Subtype of Breast Cancer TNBC. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1152:311-334. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Khalaf AM, Fuentes D, Morshid AI, Burke MR, Kaseb AO, Hassan M, Hazle JD, Elsayes KM. Role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma, pathogenesis, and clinical significance. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2018; 5:61-73. [PMID: 29984212 PMCID: PMC6027703 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s156701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common primary hepatic malignancies and one of the fastest-growing causes of cancer-related mortality in the United States. The molecular basis of HCC carcinogenesis has not been clearly identified. Among the molecular signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of HCC, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is one of the most frequently activated. A great effort is under way to clearly understand the role of this pathway in the pathogenesis of HCC and its role in the transition from chronic liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, to hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) and HCCs and its targetability in novel therapies. In this article, we review the role of the β-catenin pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis and progression from chronic inflammation to HCC, the novel potential treatments targeting the pathway and its prognostic role in HCC patients, as well as the imaging features of HCC and their association with aberrant activation of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Khalaf
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Fuentes
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ali I Morshid
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,
| | - Mata R Burke
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manal Hassan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John D Hazle
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,
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25
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Bartucci M, Hussein MS, Huselid E, Flaherty K, Patrizii M, Laddha SV, Kui C, Bigos RA, Gilleran JA, El Ansary MMS, Awad MAM, Kimball SD, Augeri DJ, Sabaawy HE. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel BMI1 Inhibitors Targeting Cellular Self-Renewal in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Target Oncol 2018; 12:449-462. [PMID: 28589491 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-017-0501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most lethal cancers worldwide due to therapy resistance and disease recurrence. Tumor relapse following treatment could be driven by the persistence of liver cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). The protein BMI1 is a member of the polycomb epigenetic factors governing cellular self-renewal, proliferation, and stemness maintenance. BMI1 expression also correlates with poor patient survival in various cancer types. OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate the extent to which BMI1 can be used as a potential therapeutic target for CSC eradication in HCC. METHODS We have recently participated in characterizing the first known pharmacological small molecule inhibitor of BMI1. Here, we synthesized a panel of novel BMI1 inhibitors and examined their ability to alter cellular growth and eliminate cancer progenitor/stem-like cells in HCC with different p53 backgrounds. RESULTS Among various molecules examined, RU-A1 particularly downregulated BMI1 expression, impaired cell viability, reduced cell migration, and sensitized HCC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro. Notably, long-term analysis of HCC survival showed that, unlike chemotherapy, RU-A1 effectively reduced CSC content, even as monotherapy. BMI1 inhibition with RU-A1 diminished the number of stem-like cells in vitro more efficiently than the model compound C-209, as demonstrated by clonogenic assays and impairment of CSC marker expression. Furthermore, xenograft assays in zebrafish showed that RU-A1 abrogated tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the ability to identify agents with the propensity for targeting CSCs in HCC that could be explored as novel treatments in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bartucci
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Mohamed S Hussein
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.,Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eric Huselid
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Kathleen Flaherty
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Michele Patrizii
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Saurabh V Laddha
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.,Graduate Program in Quantitative Biomedicine, Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Cindy Kui
- Molecular Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, EMSOP, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Rachel A Bigos
- Molecular Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, EMSOP, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - John A Gilleran
- Molecular Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, EMSOP, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mervat M S El Ansary
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A M Awad
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S David Kimball
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.,Molecular Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, EMSOP, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - David J Augeri
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.,Molecular Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Rutgers Translational Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, EMSOP, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hatem E Sabaawy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. .,Department of Medicine, RBHS-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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26
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Jung JW, Yoon SM, Kim S, Jeon YH, Yoon BH, Yang SG, Kim MK, Choe S, Kuo MMC. Bone morphogenetic protein-9 is a potent growth inhibitor of hepatocellular carcinoma and reduces the liver cancer stem cells population. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73754-73768. [PMID: 27650540 PMCID: PMC5342011 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological role of BMP-9 signaling in liver cancer remains dubious. To explore the potential use of BMP-9 signaling for anti-cancer therapy, we used recombinant human BMP-9, which we referred to as MB109, to study the effect on growth of fifteen hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. MB109 effectively inhibits the proliferation of nine HCC cells in vitro. The anti-proliferative effect was found to be induced by turning on p21 signaling, which caused survivin suppression and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. ID3 was identified to be the mediator of the MB109-induced p21 expression. Blocking the activity of p38 MAPK diminished ID3 and p21 expression, indicating that MB109 signals through a p38 MAPK/ID3/p21 pathway to arrest cell cycle progression. Moreover, prolonged MB109 treatment suppressed the expression of five prominent liver cancer stem cell (LCSC) markers, including CD44, CD90, AFP, GPC3 and ANPEP. Xenograft model confirmed the anti-tumor and LCSC-suppression capability of MB109 in vivo. Contrary to ongoing efforts of suppressing BMP-9 signaling to inhibit angiogenesis of cancer tissue, these results demonstrate an unexpected therapeutic potential of MB109 to stimulate BMP-9 signaling for anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Jung
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Joint Center for Biosciences, Songdo Smart Valley, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea.,Current address: Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - So-Mi Yoon
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Joint Center for Biosciences, Songdo Smart Valley, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Subin Kim
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Joint Center for Biosciences, Songdo Smart Valley, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Yun-Hui Jeon
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Joint Center for Biosciences, Songdo Smart Valley, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hak Yoon
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Joint Center for Biosciences, Songdo Smart Valley, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Su-Geun Yang
- Department of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400-712, South Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 400-712, South Korea
| | - Senyon Choe
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Joint Center for Biosciences, Songdo Smart Valley, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea.,Drug Discovery Collaboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Mario Meng-Chiang Kuo
- Protein Engineering Laboratory, Joint Center for Biosciences, Songdo Smart Valley, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, South Korea.,Drug Discovery Collaboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America.,Current address: Polaris Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States of America
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Kim JY, Lee HY, Park KK, Choi YK, Nam JS, Hong IS. CWP232228 targets liver cancer stem cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling: a novel therapeutic approach for liver cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20395-409. [PMID: 26967248 PMCID: PMC4991463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation, which may destroy tumor masses, but not all liver CSCs contribute to tumor initiation, metastasis, and relapse. In the present study, we showed that liver CSCs with elevated Wnt/β-catenin signaling possess much greater self-renewal and clonogenic potential. We further documented that the increased clonogenic potential of liver CSCs is highly associated with changes in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and that Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity is positively correlated with CD133 expression and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymatic activity. Notably, the small molecule inhibitor CWP232228, which antagonizes the binding of β-catenin to TCF in the nucleus, inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and depletes CD133+/ALDH+ liver CSCs, thus ultimately diminishing the self-renewal capacity of CSCs and decreasing tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that CWP232228 acts as a candidate therapeutic agent for liver cancer by preferentially targeting liver CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Kim
- Center of Animal Care and Use, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- The Faculty of Liberal Arts, Jungwon University, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Kyu Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Nam
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Nishii K, Brodin E, Renshaw T, Weesner R, Moran E, Soker S, Sparks JL. Shear stress upregulates regeneration-related immediate early genes in liver progenitors in 3D ECM-like microenvironments. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4272-4281. [PMID: 29052842 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of fluid stresses in activating the hepatic stem/progenitor cell regenerative response is not well understood. This study hypothesized that immediate early genes (IEGs) with known links to liver regeneration will be upregulated in liver progenitor cells (LPCs) exposed to in vitro shear stresses on the order of those produced from elevated interstitial flow after partial hepatectomy. The objectives were: (1) to develop a shear flow chamber for application of fluid stress to LPCs in 3D culture; and (2) to determine the effects of fluid stress on IEG expression in LPCs. Two hours of shear stress exposure at ∼4 dyn/cm2 was applied to LPCs embedded individually or as 3D spheroids within a hyaluronic acid/collagen I hydrogel. Results were compared against static controls. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the effect of experimental treatments on gene expression. Twenty-nine genes were analyzed, including IEGs and other genes linked to liver regeneration. Four IEGs (CFOS, IP10, MKP1, ALB) and three other regeneration-related genes (WNT, VEGF, EpCAM) were significantly upregulated in LPCs in response to fluid mechanical stress. LPCs maintained an early to intermediate stage of differentiation in spheroid culture in the absence of the hydrogel, and addition of the gel initiated cholangiocyte differentiation programs which were abrogated by the onset of flow. Collectively the flow-upregulated genes fit the pattern of an LPC-mediated proliferative/regenerative response. These results suggest that fluid stresses are potentially important regulators of the LPC-mediated regeneration response in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Nishii
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | - Erik Brodin
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | - Taylor Renshaw
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | - Rachael Weesner
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | - Emma Moran
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jessica L Sparks
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
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29
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Tajul Arifin K, Sulaiman S, Md Saad S, Ahmad Damanhuri H, Wan Ngah WZ, Mohd Yusof YA. Elevation of tumour markers TGF-β, M 2-PK, OV-6 and AFP in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-induced rats and their suppression by microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:879. [PMID: 29268718 PMCID: PMC5740965 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chlorella vulgaris (ChV), a unicellular green algae has been reported to have anticancer and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to determine the chemopreventive effect of ChV on liver cancer induced rats by determining the level and expression of several liver tumour markers. Methods Male Wistar rats (200–250 g) were divided into 4 groups according to the diet given: control group (normal diet), ChV group with three different doses (50, 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight), liver cancer- induced group (choline deficient diet + 0.1% ethionine in drinking water or CDE group), and the treatment group (CDE group treated with three different doses of ChV). Rats were killed at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of experiment and blood and tissue samples were taken from all groups for the determination of tumour markers expression alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) and specific antigen for oval cells (OV-6). Results Serum level of TGF-β increased significantly (p < 0.05) in CDE rats. However, ChV at all doses managed to decrease (p < 0.05) its levels to control values. Expressions of liver tumour markers AFP, TGF-β, M2-PK and OV-6 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in tissues of CDE rats when compared to control showing an increased number of cancer cells during hepatocarcinogenesis. ChV at all doses reduced their expressions significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusions Chlorella vulgaris has chemopreventive effect by downregulating the expression of tumour markers M2-PK, OV-6, AFP and TGF-β, in HCC-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaizurin Tajul Arifin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Suhaniza Sulaiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Suhana Md Saad
- Department of Diagnostic & Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Management & Science University (MSU), University Drive, Seksyen 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia.
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Bragazzi MC, Ridola L, Safarikia S, Matteo SD, Costantini D, Nevi L, Cardinale V. New insights into cholangiocarcinoma: multiple stems and related cell lineages of origin. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 31:42-55. [PMID: 29333066 PMCID: PMC5759612 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies that may develop at any level of the biliary tree. CCA is currently classified into intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA) and distal (dCCA) on the basis of its anatomical location. Notably, although these three CCA subtypes have common features, they also have important inter- and intra-tumor differences that can affect their pathogenesis and outcome. A unique feature of CCA is that it manifests in the hepatic parenchyma or large intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, furnished by two distinct stem cell niches: the canals of Hering and the peribiliary glands, respectively. The complexity of CCA pathogenesis highlights the need for a multidisciplinary, translational, and systemic approach to this malignancy. This review focuses on advances in the knowledge of CCA histomorphology, risk factors, molecular pathogenesis, and subsets of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Consiglia Bragazzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ridola
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Samira Safarikia
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Di Matteo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Costantini
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nevi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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31
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Wu D, Yang X, Peng H, Guo D, Zhao W, Zhao C, Zhou X. OCIAD2 suppressed tumor growth and invasion via AKT pathway in Hepatocelluar carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:910-919. [PMID: 28911005 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive tumor and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen-like protein 2 (OCIAD2) has been found frequently methylated in various cancers, including HCC. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of OCIAD2 in HCC progression. We analyzed liver hepatocellular carcinoma patients' data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), including data extracted from 371 HCC tissues and 50 adjacent normal liver tissues. The RNA sequencing and DNA methylation data revealed that OCIAD2 were significantly hypermethylated and its expression level in the tumor tissues was much lower than that in the corresponding adjacent normal tissues. The methylation level in the promoter was negatively correlated with the expression level of OCAID2. Treatment of HCC cell lines with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycitydine (5-Aza) induced a significant increase in the OCIAD2 mRNA and protein. Knocking-down OCIAD2 led to an increased colony formation, migration and invasion dramatically, accompanying with an enhanced expression of MMP9 and activation of AKT and FAK. Inhibition of AKT signaling restored OCIAD2-mediated changes in HCC cell clonogenic growth, migration and invasion. Survival analysis of HCC patient's data indicated patients with a higher expression ratio of OCIAD2/MMP9 had a shorter overall survival than those with a lower expression ratio of OCIAD2/MMP9. Overall, our data indicate that reduced expression of OCIAD2 by DNA hypermethylation plays an important role in HCC tumor growth and invasion. Hypermethylation of OCIAD2 may contribute to HCC treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xufang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, MuDanJiang Medical College, Heilongjiang, 150000, P.R.China
| | - Huiming Peng
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Dongmin Guo
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, ShenZhen, China
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Cancer Cell Death-Inducing Radiotherapy: Impact on Local Tumour Control, Tumour Cell Proliferation and Induction of Systemic Anti-tumour Immunity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 930:151-72. [PMID: 27558821 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39406-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) predominantly is aimed to induce DNA damage in tumour cells that results in reduction of their clonogenicity and finally in tumour cell death. Adaptation of RT with higher single doses has become necessary and led to a more detailed view on what kind of tumour cell death is induced and which immunological consequences result from it. RT is capable of rendering tumour cells immunogenic by modifying the tumour cell phenotype and the microenvironment. Danger signals are released as well as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. This results in maturation of dendritic cells and priming of cytotoxic T cells as well as in activation of natural killer cells. However, RT on the other hand can also result in immune suppressive events including apoptosis induction and foster tumour cell proliferation. That's why RT is nowadays increasingly combined with selected immunotherapies.
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Three-dimensional co-culture microfluidic model and its application for research on cancer stem-like cells inducing migration of endothelial cells. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1425-1432. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Wang C, Fu S, Wang M, Yu W, Cui Q, Wang H, Huang H, Dong W, Zhang W, Li P, Lin C, Pan Z, Yang Y, Wu M, Zhou W. Zinc finger protein X-linked promotes expansion of EpCAM + cancer stem-like cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:455-469. [PMID: 28156061 PMCID: PMC5527465 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein X-linked (ZFX) is frequently upregulated in multiple human malignancies and also plays a critical role in the maintenance of self-renewal in embryonic stem cells. However, the role of ZFX in liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains obscure. We observed that the elevated expression of both ZFX and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was associated with aggressive clinicopathological features and indicated poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ZFX was commonly enriched in liver EpCAM+ CSCs. Knockdown of ZFX decreased the proportion of EpCAM+ CSCs in HCC cells and suppressed their expression of stemness-related genes, self-renewal capacity, chemoresistance, metastatic potential, and tumorigenicity. Conversely, upregulation of ZFX in CSCs rescued these inhibitory effects and enhanced stem-like properties. Mechanistically, depletion of ZFX reduced nuclear translocation and transactivation of β-catenin, thereby inhibiting the self-renewal capacity of EpCAM+ CSCs. Moreover, knockdown of β-catenin attenuated the self-renewal of EpCAM+ HCC cells stably expressing ZFX, further indicating that β-catenin is required for ZFX-mediated expansion and maintenance of EpCAM+ CSCs. Taken together, our findings indicate that ZFX activates and maintains EpCAM+ liver CSCs by promoting nuclear translocation and transactivation of β-catenin. Furthermore, combination of ZFX and EpCAM may serve as a significant indicator for prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of UrologyChanghai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Si‐yuan Fu
- The Third Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming‐da Wang
- The Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wen‐bo Yu
- The Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qin‐shu Cui
- The Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hong‐ru Wang
- The Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urinary SurgeryChangzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | | | - Wei‐wei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticChanghai HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peng‐peng Li
- The Third Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chuan Lin
- The Third Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ze‐ya Pan
- The Third Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Meng‐chao Wu
- The Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei‐ping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Liu Z, Dai X, Wang T, Zhang C, Zhang W, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Wu K, Liu F, Liu Y, Wu J. Hepatitis B virus PreS1 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma development by promoting appearance and self-renewal of liver cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 400:149-160. [PMID: 28455240 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major etiologic agent of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanism by which HBV infection contributes to HCC development is not fully understood. Here, we initially showed that HBV stimulates the production of cancer stem cells (CSCs)-related markers (CD133, CD117 and CD90) and CSCs-related genes (Klf4, Sox2, Nanog, c-Myc and Oct4) and facilitates the self-renewal of CSCs in human hepatoma cells. Cellular and clinical studies revealed that HBV facilitates hepatoma cell growth and migration, enhances white blood cell (WBC) production in the sera of patients, stimulates CD133 and CD117 expression in HCC tissues, and promotes the CSCs generation of human hepatoma cells and clinical cancer tissues. Detailed studies revealed that PreS1 protein of HBV is required for HBV-mediated CSCs generation. PreS1 activates CD133, CD117 and CD90 expression in normal hepatocyte derived cell line (L02) and human hepatoma cell line (HepG2 and Huh-7); facilitates L02 cells migration, growth and sphere formation; and finally enhances the abilities of L02 cells and HepG2 cells to induce tumorigeneses in nude mice. Thus, PreS1 acts as a new oncoprotein to play a key role in the appearance and self-renewal of CSCs during HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuechen Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tianci Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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36
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Gasch C, Ffrench B, O'Leary JJ, Gallagher MF. Catching moving targets: cancer stem cell hierarchies, therapy-resistance & considerations for clinical intervention. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:43. [PMID: 28228161 PMCID: PMC5322629 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that targeting the tumour-initiating cancer stem cell (CSC) component of malignancy has great therapeutic potential, particularly in therapy-resistant disease. However, despite concerted efforts, CSC-targeting strategies have not been efficiently translated to the clinic. This is partly due to our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying CSC therapy-resistance. In particular, the relationship between therapy-resistance and the organisation of CSCs as Stem-Progenitor-Differentiated cell hierarchies has not been widely studied. In this review we argue that modern clinical strategies should appreciate that the CSC hierarchy is a dynamic target that contains sensitive and resistant components and expresses a collection of therapy-resisting mechanisms. We propose that the CSC hierarchy at primary presentation changes in response to clinical intervention, resulting in a recurrent malignancy that should be targeted differently. As such, addressing the hierarchical organisation of CSCs into our bench-side theory should expedite translation of CSC-targeting to bed-side practice. In conclusion, we discuss strategies through which we can catch these moving clinical targets to specifically compromise therapy-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gasch
- Department of Histopathology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland.,Coombe Women and Infant's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Ffrench
- Department of Histopathology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland.,Coombe Women and Infant's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland.,Coombe Women and Infant's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael F Gallagher
- Department of Histopathology, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland. .,Coombe Women and Infant's Hospital, Dublin 8, Dublin, Ireland.
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37
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Li B, Li Q, Mo J, Dai H. Drug-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cancer Stem Cell Targeting. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:51. [PMID: 28261093 PMCID: PMC5306366 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to play critical roles in tumor initiation, propagation, and regeneration of cancer. Nano-size vehicles are employed to deliver drugs to target the CSCs for cancer therapy. Polymeric nanoparticles have been considered as the most efficient vehicles for drug delivery due to their excellent pharmacokinetic properties. The CSCs specific antibodies or ligands can be conjugated onto the surface or interior of nanoparticles to successfully target and finally eliminate CSCs. In this review, we focus on the approaches of polymeric nanoparticles design for loading drug, and their potential application for CSCs targeting in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan, China
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilin, China
| | - Jingxin Mo
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of EducationGuangzhou, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Honglian Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan, China
- Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China
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38
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Wang C, Wang MD, Cheng P, Huang H, Dong W, Zhang WW, Li PP, Lin C, Pan ZY, Wu MC, Zhou WP. Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes the stem-like properties of OV6 + cancer cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2560. [PMID: 28102846 PMCID: PMC5386392 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) and cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have both been implicated in the occurrence and development of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether HBx contributes to the stem-like properties of OV6+ CSCs in HCC remains elusive. In this study, we showed that the concomitant expression of HBx and OV6 was closely associated with the clinical outcomes and prognosis of patients with HBV-related HCC. HBx was required for the stem-like properties of OV6+ liver CSCs, including self-renewal, stem cell-associated gene expression, tumorigenicity and chemoresistance. Mechanistically, HBx enhanced expression of MDM2 by directly binding with MDM2 and inhibiting its ubiquitin-directed self-degradation. MDM2 translocation into the nucleus was also upregulated by HBx and resulted in enhanced transcriptional activity and expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 independent of p53. This change in expression activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promoted the stem-like properties of OV6+ liver CSCs. Furthermore, we observed that the expression of any two indicators from the HBx/MDM2/CXCR4/OV6 axis in HCC biopsies could predict the prognosis of patients with HBV-related HCC. Taken together, our findings indicate the functional role of HBx in regulating the stem-like properties of OV6+ CSCs in HCC through the MDM2/CXCL12/CXCR4/β-catenin signaling axis, and identify HBx, MDM2, CXCR4 and OV6 as a novel prognostic pathway and potential therapeutic targets for patients with HBV-related HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China.,Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ming-da Wang
- The Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Data Scientist, Liberty Mutual Group, 157 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA 02116, USA
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Peng-Peng Li
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chuan Lin
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ze-Ya Pan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Meng-Chao Wu
- The Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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Zheng Q, Zheng Y, Chen J, You J, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Jiang JJ. A hepatic stem cell vaccine is superior to an embryonic stem cell vaccine in the prophylaxis and treatment of murine hepatocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1716-1724. [PMID: 28098898 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells and cancer cells express a common subset of antigens called oncofetal antigens. Theoretically, vaccination with stem cells is effective at boosting the preexisting anticancer immune response. Herein we describe the efficacy of two stem cell-based vaccines in the prophylaxis and treatment of subcutaneous hepatic tumors transplanted into mice. C57BL/6j mice were vaccinated weekly with either hepatic stem cells (HSCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for three weeks, followed by a subcutaneous challenge with Hepa 1-6 cells at one week (group 1) or four weeks (group 2) after vaccination. No tumor formation was observed in HSC-vaccinated mice when challenged within one week after vaccination (group 1), but tumors formed in 10% of mice in the ESC-vaccinated group and in 60% of mice in the unvaccinated group. When the long-term memory response was examined (group 2), only 10% of HSC-vaccinated mice and 20% of ESC-vaccinated mice developed macroscopic hepatocarcinomas compared to 60% of the unvaccinated mice. Besides their function as prophylactic vaccines, administration of either HSC or ESC could be a potential treatment for cancer. In mice with subcutaneous hepatocarcinomas, complete clearance of tumor burden was observed in 80% of mice receiving HSC vaccination, but 40% of ESC-vaccinated mice presented with tumors that did not increase in size over time. These data support that HSC is a superior vaccine candidate for durable antitumor protection in this hepatocarcinoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zheng
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Yichao Zheng
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Jia You
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Yueyong Zhu
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Yurui Liu
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Jia Ji Jiang
- Center for Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
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40
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siddhartha Datta Gupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India
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41
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Cai N, Xie SJ, Qiu DB, Jia CC, Du C, Liu W, Chen JJ, Zhang Q. Potential effects of α-mangostin in the prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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42
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Zhang S, Shu R, Yue M, Zhang S. Effect of Over-Expression of Zinc-Finger Protein (ZFX) on Self-Renewal and Drug-Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3025-34. [PMID: 27566731 PMCID: PMC5012459 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background X-chromosome-coupled zinc finger protein (ZFX) in the Zfy protein family is abundantly expressed in both embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). ZFX exist in various tumor cells and is correlated with proliferation and survival of tumor cells. As a malignant tumor with high invasiveness, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may present resistance against chemotherapy and features of stem cells. This study aimed to explore the expression of ZFX in HCC cells, in an attempt to illustrate the role of ZFX in tumorigenesis. Material/Methods The expression of ZFX in tumor tissues was quantified by RT-PCR. The ZFX expression was then silenced to evaluate the stem cell-like features of HCC cells, including self-renewal, colony formation, and cell cycle, along with the sensitivity to cisplatin. Xenograft of ZFX-overexpressed HCC on nude mice was performed to evaluate the in vivo effect of ZFX on tumor growth. Results Quantitative RT-PCR showed over-expression of ZFX in 51.8% of HCC tumors. The silencing of ZFX gene inhibited the self-renewal, colony formation, and proliferation ability of HCC cells (p<0.05 in all cases) via the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, in addition to the elevated sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin (p<0.001). Further studies showed that binding between ZFX and promoter regions of Nanog or SOX-2 regulatory factor initiate their expression in HCC cells. The xenograft experiment indicated the potentiation of tumor growth by ZFX over-expression. Conclusions ZFX is over-expressed in HCC cells, and correlates with stem cell-like features and pleiotropic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ronghua Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Meng Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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43
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López-Gómez M, Casado E, Muñoz M, Alcalá S, Moreno-Rubio J, D'Errico G, Jiménez-Gordo AM, Salinas S, Sainz B. Current evidence for cancer stem cells in gastrointestinal tumors and future research perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 107:54-71. [PMID: 27823652 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a very heterogeneous subpopulation of "stem-like" cancer cells that have been identified in many cancers, including leukemias and solid tumors. It is believed that CSCs drive tumor growth, malignant behavior and are responsible for the initiation of metastatic spread. In addition, CSCs have been implicated in chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. Current evidence supports the theory that CSCs share at least two main features of normal stem cells: self-renewal and differentiation, properties that contribute to tumor survival even in the presence of aggressive chemotherapy; however, the mechanism(s) governing the unique biology of CSCs remain unclear. In the field of gastrointestinal cancer, where we face very low survival rates across different tumor types, unraveling the role of CSCs in gastrointestinal tumors should improve our knowledge of cancer biology and chemoresistance, ultimately benefiting patient survival. Towards this end, much effort is being invested in the characterization of CSCs as a means of overcoming drug resistance and controlling metastatic spread. In this review we will cover the concept of CSCs, the current evidence for CSCs in gastrointestinal tumors and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam López-Gómez
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, S.S. Reyes, Madrid, Spain; Precision Oncology Laboratory, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, S.S. Reyes, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Casado
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, S.S. Reyes, Madrid, Spain; Precision Oncology Laboratory, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, S.S. Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, S.S Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Alcalá
- Department of Biochemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Biology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Enfermedades Crónicas y Cáncer Area, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Moreno-Rubio
- Precision Oncology Laboratory, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, S.S. Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriele D'Errico
- Department of Biochemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María Jiménez-Gordo
- Medical Oncology Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, S.S. Reyes, Madrid, Spain; Precision Oncology Laboratory, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, S.S. Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Salinas
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Infanta Sofía University Hospital, S.S Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Biology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Enfermedades Crónicas y Cáncer Area, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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Wu WR, Zhang R, Shi XD, Yi C, Xu LB, Liu C. Notch2 is a crucial regulator of self-renewal and tumorigenicity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:181-8. [PMID: 27221981 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway plays an important role in both stem cell biology and cancer. Notch2 was reported to be upregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. However, the biological function of Notch2 in human HCC cells has not yet been documented. The aim of this study was to investigate its possible function on the progression of human HCC cells. The expression of Notch2 was detected in four human HCC cell lines by western blotting. Next, Notch2 was knocked down by small interference RNA (siRNA) in human HCC cells. The role of Notch2 in human HCC cells was investigated by cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, chemoresistance and xenograft formation assay. In the present study, western blotting revealed that the expression of Notch2 was upregulated in human HCC cell lines. Genetic depletion of Notch2 in HCC cells not only resulted in significantly inhibited proliferation, cell cycle progression and colony formation ability but also increased its sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) compared with controls. In addition, upregulation of Notch2 was discovered in CD90 positive HCC cells, CD90 is a marker of hepatic stem cells. Most importantly, knockdown of Notch2 in HCC cells impaired the tumor formation in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that Notch2 may confer stemness properties in HCC; downregulation of Notch2 inhibited the proliferation and tumor formation of HCC cells and increase their sensitivity to 5-FU, suggesting Notch2 as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Rui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-De Shi
- SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Cao Yi
- Department of Emergency, SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Lei-Bo Xu
- SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- SunYat-sen Memorial Hospital, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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45
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Differentiation therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting the activity of AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis and TGF-β induced EMT with sophocarpine. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:95-103. [PMID: 26945965 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma progression is thought to be driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs). No clinical trial has, as yet, shown convincing long-term disease free survival results for the majority of patients in HCC. So it is important to discover new anti-cancer agents. In our study, we chose sophocarpine, which is derived from the foxtail-like sophora herb, for its efficacy to inhibit HCC including CSCs and potential mechanism study. Our results show that sophocarpine could not only reduce HCC cell viability, eliminate HCC and reverse hepatoma cells malignant phenotype, but also reduce the ratio of CSCs and inhibit the sphere formation of CSCs in vitro. In vivo, sophocarpine significantly displayed antitumor effects in subcutaneous xenograft HCC models and orthotopic transplantation tumor models. Further studies showed that sophocarpine could exert anti-tumor effects partly via downregulating the activity of the cancer stem cell related pathways and inhibiting EMT induced by TGF-β.
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46
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Wei M, Lü L, Lin P, Chen Z, Quan Z, Tang Z. Multiple cellular origins and molecular evolution of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 379:253-61. [PMID: 26940139 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive malignancy associated with unfavorable prognosis and for which no effective treatments are available. Its molecular pathogenesis is poorly understood. Genome-wide sequencing and high-throughput technologies have provided critical insights into the molecular basis of ICC while sparking a heated debate on the cellular origin. Cancer exhibits variabilities in origin, progression and cell biology. Recent evidence suggests that ICC has multiple cellular origins, including differentiated hepatocytes; intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (IBECs)/cholangiocytes; pluripotent stem cells, such as hepatic stem/progenitor cells (HPCs) and biliary tree stem/progenitor cells (BTSCs); and peribiliary gland (PBG). However, both somatic mutagenesis and epigenomic features are highly cell type-specific. Multiple cellular origins may have profoundly different genomic landscapes and key signaling pathways, driving phenotypic variation and thereby posing significant challenges to personalized medicine in terms of achieving the optimal drug response and patient outcome. Considering this information, we have summarized the latest experimental evidence and relevant literature to provide an up-to-date view of the cellular origin of ICC, which will contribute to establishment of a hierarchical model of carcinogenesis and allow for improvement of the anatomical-based classification of ICC. These new insights have important implications for both the diagnosis and treatment of ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyan Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lisheng Lü
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Peiyi Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhisheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiwei Quan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Cui Y, Sun S, Ren K, Quan M, Song Z, Zou H, Li D, Cao J. Reversal of liver cancer-associated stellate cell-induced stem-like characteristics in SMMC-7721 cells by 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin via inhibiting STAT3 activation. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2952-62. [PMID: 26935885 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) that are activated by human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells secrete a variety of cytokines, which are the main component of the HCC microenvironment. We aimed to determine whether 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin (BrMC) could interfere in cross-talk of the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 and liver cancer stem-like cells (LCSLCs) to inhibit the characteristics of LCSLCs endowed with the capacity of sustaining human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) self-renewal and progression, and to identify its potential mechanism of action. We found that the levels of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) were augmented in LX-2 cells treated with the conditioned medium of LCSLCs (LCSLC-CM) compared to those cultured with routine medium, indicating that the LCSLC-CM can activate LX-2 cells to become liver cancer-associated stellate cells (LCAHSCs). Furthermore, sphere forming capability of SMMC-7721 cells was enhanced and stem cell-related protein expression was significantly increased following treatment with the conditioned medium of LCAHSCs (LCAHSC-CM). Moreover, the level of p-STAT3 was increased in LX-2 cells treated with LCSLC-CM and BrMC reduced expression of p-STAT3. Combination of BrMC and the selective inhibitor of STAT3 cucurbitacin I (JSI-124) synergistically suppressed the LCSLC characteristics in SMMC-7721 cells. Collectively, our data showed that BrMC inhibited the interaction between LX-2 cells and HCC-derived CSCs, and did so potentially through modulation of the STAT3 pathway. Future therapeutic strategies employing anti-CSC therapy should confirm the potential of cucurbitacin I (JSI-124) and BrMC as potent therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shuwen Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Kaiqun Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Meifang Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwei Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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48
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Tryndyak VP, Marrone AK, Latendresse JR, Muskhelishvili L, Beland FA, Pogribny IP. MicroRNA changes, activation of progenitor cells and severity of liver injury in mice induced by choline and folate deficiency. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 28:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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49
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Ogunsina M, Samadder P, Idowu T, Arthur G, Schweizer F. Design, synthesis and evaluation of cytotoxic properties of bisamino glucosylated antitumor ether lipids against cancer cells and cancer stem cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylated antitumor ether lipids (GAELs) are a class of amphiphilic antitumor agents that kill cancer cells by a non-apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makanjuola Ogunsina
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - Pranati Samadder
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - Temilolu Idowu
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - Gilbert Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
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50
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Feitelson MA, Arzumanyan A, Kulathinal RJ, Blain SW, Holcombe RF, Mahajna J, Marino M, Martinez-Chantar ML, Nawroth R, Sanchez-Garcia I, Sharma D, Saxena NK, Singh N, Vlachostergios PJ, Guo S, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Bilsland A, Amedei A, Niccolai E, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Boosani CS, Guha G, Ciriolo MR, Aquilano K, Chen S, Mohammed SI, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Halicka D, Keith WN, Nowsheen S. Sustained proliferation in cancer: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S25-S54. [PMID: 25892662 PMCID: PMC4898971 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation is an important part of cancer development and progression. This is manifest by altered expression and/or activity of cell cycle related proteins. Constitutive activation of many signal transduction pathways also stimulates cell growth. Early steps in tumor development are associated with a fibrogenic response and the development of a hypoxic environment which favors the survival and proliferation of cancer stem cells. Part of the survival strategy of cancer stem cells may manifested by alterations in cell metabolism. Once tumors appear, growth and metastasis may be supported by overproduction of appropriate hormones (in hormonally dependent cancers), by promoting angiogenesis, by undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, by triggering autophagy, and by taking cues from surrounding stromal cells. A number of natural compounds (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol, brassinin, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, ellagitannins, lycopene and quercetin) have been found to inhibit one or more pathways that contribute to proliferation (e.g., hypoxia inducible factor 1, nuclear factor kappa B, phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1, Wnt, cell cycle associated proteins, as well as androgen and estrogen receptor signaling). These data, in combination with bioinformatics analyses, will be very important for identifying signaling pathways and molecular targets that may provide early diagnostic markers and/or critical targets for the development of new drugs or drug combinations that block tumor formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Feitelson
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rob J Kulathinal
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stacy W Blain
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Randall F Holcombe
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center, Cancer Drug Discovery Program, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, V.le G. Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- Metabolomic Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Technology Park of Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Roman Nawroth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Isidro Sanchez-Garcia
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neeraj K Saxena
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neetu Singh
- Tissue and Cell Culture Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Shanchun Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YG, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmonas Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Brander Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, MN, United States
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