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Choi J, Jang H, Xuan Z, Park D. Emerging roles of ATG9/ATG9A in autophagy: implications for cell and neurobiology. Autophagy 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39099167 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2384349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Atg9, the only transmembrane protein among many autophagy-related proteins, was first identified in the year 2000 in yeast. Two homologs of Atg9, ATG9A and ATG9B, have been found in mammals. While ATG9B shows a tissue-specific expression pattern, such as in the placenta and pituitary gland, ATG9A is ubiquitously expressed. Additionally, ATG9A deficiency leads to severe defects not only at the molecular and cellular levels but also at the organismal level, suggesting key and fundamental roles for ATG9A. The subcellular localization of ATG9A on small vesicles and its functional relevance to autophagy have suggested a potential role for ATG9A in the lipid supply during autophagosome biogenesis. Nevertheless, the precise role of ATG9A in the autophagic process has remained a long-standing mystery, especially in neurons. Recent findings, however, including structural, proteomic, and biochemical analyses, have provided new insights into its function in the expansion of the phagophore membrane. In this review, we aim to understand various aspects of ATG9 (in invertebrates and plants)/ATG9A (in mammals), including its localization, trafficking, and other functions, in nonneuronal cells and neurons by comparing recent discoveries related to ATG9/ATG9A and proposing directions for future research.Abbreviation: AP-4: adaptor protein complex 4; ATG: autophagy related; cKO: conditional knockout; CLA-1: CLArinet (functional homolog of cytomatrix at the active zone proteins piccolo and fife); cryo-EM: cryogenic electron microscopy; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; KO: knockout; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; SV: synaptic vesicle; TGN: trans-Golgi network; ULK: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Choi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Haeun Jang
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Zhao Xuan
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Daehun Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
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2
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Klimenko ES, Sukhareva KS, Vlasova Y, Smolina NA, Fomicheva Y, Knyazeva A, Muravyev AS, Sorokina MY, Gavrilova LS, Boldyreva LV, Medvedeva SS, Sejersen T, Kostareva AA. Flnc expression impacts mitochondrial function, autophagy, and calcium handling in C2C12 cells. Exp Cell Res 2024; 442:114174. [PMID: 39089502 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- E S Klimenko
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - K S Sukhareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - YuA Vlasova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - N A Smolina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - YuV Fomicheva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Knyazeva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A S Muravyev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Yu Sorokina
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - L S Gavrilova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - L V Boldyreva
- Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S S Medvedeva
- Scientific-Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T Sejersen
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Child Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - A A Kostareva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Child Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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3
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Iibushi J, Nozawa T, Toh H, Nakagawa I. ATG9B regulates bacterial internalization via actin rearrangement. iScience 2024; 27:109623. [PMID: 38706859 PMCID: PMC11066431 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive bacterial pathogens are internalized by host cells through endocytosis, which is regulated by a cascade of actin rearrangement signals triggered by host cell receptors or bacterial proteins delivered into host cells. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate actin rearrangement to promote bacterial invasion are not fully understood. Here, we show that the autophagy-related (ATG) protein ATG9B regulates the internalization of various bacteria by controlling actin rearrangement. ATG knockout screening and knockdown experiments in HeLa cells identified ATG9B as a critical factor for bacterial internalization. In particular, cells with ATG9B knockdown exhibited an accumulation of actin filaments and phosphorylated LIM kinase and cofilin, suggesting that ATG9B is involved in actin depolymerization. Furthermore, the kinase activity of Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1 was found to regulate ATG9B localization and actin remodeling. These findings revealed a newly discovered function of ATG proteins in bacterial infection rather than autophagy-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Iibushi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nozawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Toh
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
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Chiduza GN, Garza-Garcia A, Almacellas E, De Tito S, Pye VE, van Vliet AR, Cherepanov P, Tooze SA. ATG9B is a tissue-specific homotrimeric lipid scramblase that can compensate for ATG9A. Autophagy 2024; 20:557-576. [PMID: 37938170 PMCID: PMC10936676 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2275905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a fundamental aspect of eukaryotic biology, and the autophagy-related protein ATG9A is part of the core machinery facilitating this process. In addition to ATG9A vertebrates encode ATG9B, a poorly characterized paralog expressed in a subset of tissues. Herein, we characterize the structure of human ATG9B revealing the conserved homotrimeric quaternary structure and explore the conformational dynamics of the protein. Consistent with the experimental structure and computational chemistry, we establish that ATG9B is a functional lipid scramblase. We show that ATG9B can compensate for the absence of ATG9A in starvation-induced autophagy displaying similar subcellular trafficking and steady-state localization. Finally, we demonstrate that ATG9B can form a heteromeric complex with ATG2A. By establishing the molecular structure and function of ATG9B, our results inform the exploration of niche roles for autophagy machinery in more complex eukaryotes and reveal insights relevant across species.Abbreviation: ATG: autophagy related; CHS: cholesteryl hemisuccinate; cryo-EM: single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy; CTF: contrast transfer function: CTH: C- terminal α helix; FSC: fourier shell correlation; HDIR: HORMA domain interacting region; LMNG: lauryl maltose neopentyl glycol; MD: molecular dynamics simulations; MSA: multiple sequence alignment; NBD-PE: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl ammonium salt); POPC: palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; RBG: repeating beta groove domain; RMSD: root mean square deviation; SEC: size-exclusion chromatography; TMH: transmembrane helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N. Chiduza
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Acely Garza-Garcia
- Mycobacterial Metabolism and Antibiotic Research Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Eugenia Almacellas
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Stefano De Tito
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Valerie E Pye
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sharon A. Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Papadakos S, Issa H, Alamri A, Alamri A, Semlali A. Rapamycin as a Potential Alternative Drug for Squamous Cell Gingiva Carcinoma (Ca9-22): A Focus on Cell Cycle, Apoptosis and Autophagy Genetic Profile. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:131. [PMID: 38276004 PMCID: PMC10818555 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is considered as one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Its conventional treatment primarily involves surgery with or without postoperative adjuvant therapy. The targeting of signaling pathways implicated in tumorigenesis is becoming increasingly prevalent in the development of new anticancer drug candidates. Based on our recently published data, Rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mTOR pathway, exhibits selective antitumor activity in oral cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cancer cell apoptosis, autophagy, and cellular stress. In the present study, our focus is on elucidating the genetic determinants of Rapamycin's action and the interaction networks accountable for tumorigenesis suppression. To achieve this, gingival carcinoma cell lines (Ca9-22) were exposed to Rapamycin at IC50 (10 µM) for 24 h. Subsequently, we investigated the genetic profiles related to the cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy, as well as gene-gene interactions, using QPCR arrays and the Gene MANIA website. Overall, our results showed that Rapamycin at 10 µM significantly inhibits the growth of Ca9-22 cells after 24 h of treatment by around 50% by suppression of key modulators in the G2/M transition, namely, Survivin and CDK5RAP1. The combination of Rapamycin with Cisplatin potentializes the inhibition of Ca9-22 cell proliferation. A P1/Annexin-V assay was performed to evaluate the effect of Rapamycin on cell apoptosis. The results obtained confirm our previous findings in which Rapamycin at 10 μM induces a strong apoptosis of Ca9-22 cells. The live cells decreased, and the late apoptotic cells increased when the cells were treated by Rapamycin. To identify the genes responsible for cell apoptosis induced by Rapamycin, we performed the RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays for 84 apoptotic genes. The blocked cells were believed to be directed towards cell death, confirmed by the downregulation of apoptosis inhibitors involved in both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, including BIRC5, BNIP3, CD40LG, DAPK1, LTA, TNFRSF21 and TP73. The observed effects of Rapamycin on tumor suppression are likely to involve the autophagy process, evidenced by the inhibition of autophagy modulators (TGFβ1, RGS19 and AKT1), autophagosome biogenesis components (AMBRA1, ATG9B and TMEM74) and autophagy byproducts (APP). Identifying gene-gene interaction (GGI) networks provided a comprehensive view of the drug's mechanism and connected the studied tumorigenesis processes to potential functional interactions of various kinds (physical interaction, co-expression, genetic interactions etc.). In conclusion, Rapamycin shows promise as a clinical agent for managing Ca9-22 gingiva carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Papadakos
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (S.P.); (H.I.)
| | - Hawraa Issa
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (S.P.); (H.I.)
| | - Abdulaziz Alamri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdullah Alamri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (S.P.); (H.I.)
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Jin W, Yang T, Jia J, Jia J, Zhou X. Enhanced Sensitivity of A549 Cells to Doxorubicin with WS 2 and WSe 2 Nanosheets via the Induction of Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1164. [PMID: 38256235 PMCID: PMC10816038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The excellent physicochemical properties of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) such as WS2 and WSe2 provide potential benefits for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and bioimaging. WS2 and WSe2 have recently been used as chemosensitizers; however, the detailed molecular basis underlying WS2- and WSe2-induced sensitization remains elusive. Our recent findings showed that 2D TMDCs with different thicknesses and different element compositions induced autophagy in normal human bronchial epithelial cells and mouse alveolar macrophages at sublethal concentrations. Here, we explored the mechanism by which WS2 and WSe2 act as sensitizers to increase lung cancer cell susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents. The results showed that WS2 and WSe2 enhanced autophagy flux in A549 lung cancer cells at sublethal concentrations without causing significant cell death. Through the autophagy-specific RT2 Profiler PCR Array, we identified the genes significantly affected by WS2 and WSe2 treatment. Furthermore, the key genes that play central roles in regulating autophagy were identified by constructing a molecular interaction network. A mechanism investigation uncovered that WS2 and WSe2 activated autophagy-related signaling pathways by interacting with different cell surface proteins or cytoplasmic proteins. By utilizing this mechanism, the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin was enhanced by WS2 and WSe2 pre-treatment in A549 lung cancer cells. This study revealed a feature of WS2 and WSe2 in cancer therapy, in which they eliminate the resistance of A549 lung cancer cells against doxorubicin, at least partially, by inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jin
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China; (W.J.)
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China; (W.J.)
| | - Jimei Jia
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China; (W.J.)
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China; (W.J.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Baoding 071000, China
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Wang S, Ding Q, Xiu A, Xia Y, Wang G, Zhang C. Upregulation of ATG9b by propranolol promotes autophagic cell death of hepatic stellate cells to improve liver fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18047. [PMID: 37970991 PMCID: PMC10826435 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proranolol has long been recommended to prevent variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. However, the mechanisms of propranolol in liver fibrosis have not yet been thoroughly elucidated. Autophagic cell death (ACD) of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is important in the alleviation of liver fibrosis. Our study aims to assess the mechanisms of propranolol regulating HSC ACD and liver fibrosis. ACD of HSCs was investigated using lentivirus transfection. The molecular mechanism was determined using a PCR profiler array. The role of autophagy-related protein 9b (ATG9b) in HSC ACD was detected using co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization of immunofluorescence. Changes in the signalling pathway were detected by the Phospho Explorer antibody microarray. Propranolol induces ACD and apoptosis in HSCs. ATG9b upregulation was detected in propranolol-treated HSCs. ATG9b upregulation promoted ACD of HSCs and alleviated liver fibrosis in vivo. ATG9b enhanced the P62 recruitment to ATG5-ATG12-LC3 compartments and increased the co-localization of P62 with ubiquitinated proteins. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is responsible for ATG9b-induced ACD in activated HSCs, whereas the p38/JNK pathway is involved in apoptosis. This study provides evidence for ATG9b as a new target gene and propranolol as an agent to alleviate liver fibrosis by regulating ACD of activated HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyShandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of GastroenterologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Aiyuan Xiu
- Department of GastroenterologyShandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yifu Xia
- Department of GastroenterologyShandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Guangchuan Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyShandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of GastroenterologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
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Zeng W, Chen Y, Zhang H, Peng L, Li Y, Liu B, Liang H, Du B, Li P. Probiotic-fermented Qushi decoction alleviates reserpine-induced spleen deficiency syndrome by regulating spleen function and gut microbiota dysbiosis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7702-7711. [PMID: 37439120 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS) is associated with elevated inflammatory factors and dysregulation of gastrointestinal motility hormones and intestinal microbiota. Qushi decoction (QD), a traditional formula, has not been reported using modern scientific research methods for changes in its probiotic fermented QD (FQD) composition and its potential mechanisms to alleviate SDS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the splenic protection of FQD in SDS rats by modulating gastrointestinal motility hormones and intestinal microbiota. RESULTS The results showed that FQD increased total polysaccharides, total protein, total flavonoids and the other active ingredients compared to QD, effectively improved splenic inflammation and apoptosis in SDS rats, and modulated gastrointestinal motility hormones to alleviate diarrhea and other symptoms. In addition, the dysregulation of the gut microbiota was reversed by increasing the levels of Bifidobacterium and decreasing the levels of Escherichia-Shigella and Proteobacteria, which may be related to the regulation of bacterial metabolites to alleviate SDS. CONCLUSION These results suggest that FQD is an effective formula for improving SDS. Our findings show that FQD beneficial to the implications for the treatment of SDS. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshen Zeng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luwei Peng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Liang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu H, Li L, Wang M, Liu D, Su Q, Zhang Q. Differentiated expressed miRNAs in splenic monocyte induced by burn injury in mice. Int Wound J 2023; 20:3999-4005. [PMID: 37386845 PMCID: PMC10681402 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To find potential biomarkers based on miRNA and their potential targets in splenic monocytes in burn-injured mice. Male Balb/c mice were subjected to sham or scalding injury of 15% total body surface area. Spenic CD11b+ monocytes were purified with magnetic beads. The monocytes were cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. The proliferation of monocytes was detected by MTT assay, and the cytokines in the supernatant were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The purified monocytes were also under total RNA extraction. The differential monocytic miRNAs expression between the sham and burn-injured mice was analysed by miRNA microarray. The activity of monocytes was comparable between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, monocytes from burn-injured mice secreted higher levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and transforming growth factor-β, but lower level of monocyte chemoattratctant protein-1. A total of 54 miRNAs were differentially expressed in monocytes from burn relative to sham-injured mice (fold >3). Further quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed that the expression of miR-146a was significantly down-regulated, while miR-3091-6p was up-regulated after burn injury. Using the combination of Miranda and TargetScan softwares, we found that mir-146a may regulate 180 potential target genes including TNF receptor related factor 6 (TRAF6), interleukin-1 receptor related kinase 1 (IRAK1) and CD28. Mir-3091-6p may regulate 39 potential targets, including SOCS7 (cytokine signal transduction inhibitor 7) and ARRB2 (arrestin, β 2). The miRNAs expressed by monocytes after burn injury may be involved in the regulation of innate immune response in burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐sheng Liu
- Department of EmergencyFourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lun‐chao Li
- Department of EmergencyFourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of EmergencyFourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dong‐sheng Liu
- Department of EmergencyFourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qin Su
- Department of EmergencyFourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qing‐Hong Zhang
- Trauma Repair and Tissue Regeneration Center, Department of Medical Innovation StudyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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Zhao W, Zhang Y, Li W, Hu Q, Huang H, Xu X, Du B, Li P. Probiotic-fermented Portulaca oleracea L. alleviated DNFB-induced atopic dermatitis by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116613. [PMID: 37156447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Probiotic fermentation is a mild and safe biological method to boost the performance of herbs. Portulaca oleracea L. (PO), with folklore records of purgative, anti-dermatological and anti-epidemic effects, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties. However, the potential of PO for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been sufficiently explored. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic benefits of PO and fermented Portulaca oleracea L. (FPO) and explore their intrinsic mechanisms. METHODS By utilizing 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced AD mice as a model, the histopathology of the lesions was observed using H&E and toluidine blue staining methods; the levels of immunoglobulin E (Ig E), histamine (HIS), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in serum were measured using ELISA, whereas, the expression of inflammatory cytokines in skin lesion was measured using ELISA and immunohistochemistry experiments. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IKKα, NF-κB mRNA was measured using qPCR; and the expression of TNF-α、p-IKKα, p-IκBα, p-NF-κB was measured using western blotting. RESULTS Both 20 mg/mL PO and FPO alleviated mast cell infiltration and lesion pathology, reduced serum levels of Ig E, HIS and TSLP, down-regulated the expression of AD-related inflammatory cytokines, such as, TNF-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-4, and increased filaggrin expression. Furthermore, they inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IKKα, and NF-κB genes and TNF-α, p-IKKα, p-NF-κB and p-IκBα proteins associated with the NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS PO and FPO has a positive therapeutic potential on AD, indicating that it may be employed as alternative therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weijie Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Quanzhi Hu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haozhang Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xian Xu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Xiao Y, Yuan J, Yang C, Xiong J, Deng L, Liang Q, He C, Li L, He F, Huang X. 125I Radioactive Particles Drive Protective Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Upregulating ATG9B. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:360-368. [PMID: 36643035 PMCID: PMC9817064 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS 125I radioactive particles implantation have demonstrated efficacy in eradicating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, progressive resistance of HCC to 125I radioactive particles has limited its wide clinical application. METHODS We investigated the cellular responses to 125I radioactive particles treatment and autophagy-related 9B (ATG9B) silencing in HCC cell lines and Hep3B xenografted tumor model using Cell Counting Kit-8 reagent, western blotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that 125I radioactive particles induced cell apoptosis and protective autophagy of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of autophagy enhanced the radiosensitivity of HCC to 125I radioactive particles. Moreover, 125I radioactive particles induced autophagy by upregulating ATG9B, with increased expression level of LC3B and decreased expression level of p62. Furthermore, ATG9B silencing downregulated LC3B expression and upregulated p62 expression and enhanced radiosensitivity of HCC to 125I radioactive particles in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of ATG9B enhanced the antitumor effects of 125I particle radiation against HCC in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that 125I particle radiation plus chloroquine or/and the ATG9B inhibitor may be a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Xiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Army Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Chongshuang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junru Xiong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangyu Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuang He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangshan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengtian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Correspondence to: Fengtian He, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1689-6281. Tel: +86-23-68771348, Fax: +86-23-68752262, E-mail: mailto:; Xuequan Huang, Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5563. Tel: +86-13629774403, Fax: +86-23-68765018, E-mail:
| | - Xuequan Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Correspondence to: Fengtian He, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1689-6281. Tel: +86-23-68771348, Fax: +86-23-68752262, E-mail: mailto:; Xuequan Huang, Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5563. Tel: +86-13629774403, Fax: +86-23-68765018, E-mail:
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12
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Tan YQ, Zhang J, Zhou G. Autophagy-related 9 homolog B regulates T-cell-mediated immune responses in oral lichen planus. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 146:105589. [PMID: 36442338 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the impacts of autophagy-related 9 homolog B (ATG9B)-mediated autophagy on T-cell immune responses in oral lichen planus. DESIGN ATG9B expression was detected in lesions and local T cells by immunohistochemical analysis and immunofluorescence assay. The effects of ATG9B-mediated autophagy on T-cell immune responses were explored after ATG9B-overexpression or ATG9B-knockdown lentivirus transfection. A coculture system of activated T cells and lipopolysaccharide-induced keratinocytes was used to simulate the main cell crosstalk in oral lichen planus. RESULTS The expression of ATG9B upregulated in lesions and local T cells of oral lichen planus, especially in non-erosive oral lichen planus, suggesting that ATG9B may be a diagnostic factor for oral lichen planus. Notably, ATG9B-knockdown T cells of oral lichen planus demonstrated autophagy suppression, enhanced proliferation, and attenuated apoptosis, whereas overexpression of ATG9B showed opposite effects on T cells. In the coculture system of T cells and keratinocytes, ATG9B-knockdown T cells of oral lichen planus, but not ATG9B-overexpression T cells, promoted the proliferation and apoptosis of their cocultured keratinocytes. Additionally, exogenous insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) significantly reversed the apoptosis rates of keratinocytes cocultured with T cells expressing abnormal ATG9B. Furthermore, ATG9B-overexpression T cells showed decreased secretion of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α in the coculture system. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the regulatory roles of ATG9B-mediated T-cell autophagy on T-cell immune responses and crosstalk between T cells and keratinocytes in of oral lichen planus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Tan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei, MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei, MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei, MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Ntostis P, Swanson G, Kokkali G, Iles D, Huntriss J, Pantou A, Tzetis M, Pantos K, Picton HM, Krawetz SA, Miller D. Trophectoderm non-coding RNAs reflect the higher metabolic and more invasive properties of young maternal age blastocysts. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2023; 69:3-19. [PMID: 36576378 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2022.2153636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing female age is accompanied by a corresponding fall in her fertility. This decline is influenced by a variety of factors over an individual's life course including background genetics, local environment and diet. Studying both coding and non-coding RNAs of the embryo could aid our understanding of the causes and/or effects of the physiological processes accompanying the decline including the differential expression of sub-cellular biomarkers indicative of various diseases. The current study is a post-hoc analysis of the expression of trophectoderm RNA data derived from a previous high throughput study. Its main aim is to determine the characteristics and potential functionalities that characterize long non-coding RNAs. As reported previously, a maternal age-related component is potentially implicated in implantation success. Trophectoderm samples representing the full range of maternal reproductive ages were considered in relation to embryonic implantation potential, trophectoderm transcriptome dynamics and reproductive maternal age. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) biomarkers identified here are consistent with the activities of embryo-endometrial crosstalk, developmental competency and implantation and share common characteristics with markers of neoplasia/cancer invasion. Corresponding genes for expressed lncRNAs were more active in the blastocysts of younger women are associated with metabolic pathways including cholesterol biosynthesis and steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Ntostis
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Grace Swanson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Georgia Kokkali
- Genesis Athens Clinic, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Athens, Greece
| | - David Iles
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John Huntriss
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Agni Pantou
- Genesis Athens Clinic, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tzetis
- Department of Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Helen M Picton
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephen A Krawetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David Miller
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Zhao W, Peng D, Li W, Chen S, Liu B, Huang P, Wu J, Du B, Li P. Probiotic-fermented Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi alleviates alcoholic liver injury by enhancing antioxidant defense and modulating gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6877-6888. [PMID: 35655427 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (PL) has been used in China to detoxify alcohol and protect the liver for millennia, though its mechanism of liver protection has not been elucidated. However, fermentation is considered to be one of the effective ways to enhance the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective mechanism of probiotic-fermented PL (FPL). Sprague Dawley rats were administered with FPL followed by gavage of alcohol for seven consecutive days; following that, liver injury levels were evaluated in rats. RESULTS FPL ameliorated lipid accumulation and inflammation levels in rats. Meanwhile, the levels of ethanol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and cytochrome P4502E1 were elevated by FPL treatment. It was observed that the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were elevated, and the expression of nuclear transcriptional factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 genes and proteins were increased by FPL treatment, demonstrating that the Nrf2-mediated signal pathway was activated. Furthermore, FPL restored the composition of the gut microbiota with an increase in the abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus and a decrease in the abundances of Bacteroidota and Akkermansia. Additionally, a strong correlation was found between the gut microbiota and the antioxidant parameters. CONCLUSION The results indicate that FPL possesses an excellent protective effect in alcoholic liver injury. Our findings are beneficial to the development of hepatoprotective nutraceuticals for alcoholics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Peng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiying Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingxi Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- Guangzhou Songyuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Chen F, Zhong Z, Zhang C, Lu Y, Chan YT, Wang N, Zhao D, Feng Y. Potential Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitors in Management of Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities from Herbal Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13334. [PMID: 36362132 PMCID: PMC9659249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a multifunctional protein involved in cellular communication, integrating and transducing extracellular signals from cell-surface membrane receptors. It plays a central role intracellularly and extracellularly within the tumor microenvironment. Perturbations in FAK signaling promote tumor occurrence and development, and studies have revealed its biological behavior in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Herein we provide an overview of the complex biology of the FAK family members and their context-dependent nature. Next, with a focus on cancer, we highlight the activities of FAK signaling in different types of cancer and how knowledge of them is being used for screening natural compounds used in herbal medicine to fight tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Exopolyphosphatases PPX1 and PPX2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis regulate dormancy response and pathogenesis. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Wang L, Yuan Y, Wang J, Luo Y, Lan Y, Ge J, Li L, Liu F, Deng Q, Yan Z, Liang M, Wei S, Liu X, Wang Y, Ping Y, Shi Y, Yu S, Zhang X, Cui Y, Yao X, Feng H, Luo T, Bian X. ASCL2 Maintains Stemness Phenotype through ATG9B and Sensitizes Gliomas to Autophagy Inhibitor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105938. [PMID: 35882624 PMCID: PMC9507388 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that is vital for tumor progression and treatment response. Although autophagy is proposed to maintain the stemness phenotype in adult diffuse glioma, the molecular basis of the link between autophagy and stemness is poorly understood, which makes it impossible to effectively screen for the population that will benefit from autophagy-targeted treatment. Here, ATG9B as essential for self-renewal capacity and tumor-propagation potential is identified. Notably, ASCL2 transcriptionally regulates the expression of ATG9B to maintain stemness properties. The ASCL2-ATG9B axis is an independent prognostic biomarker and indicator of autophagic activity. Furthermore, the highly effective blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable autophagy inhibitor ROC-325, which can significantly inhibit the progression of ASCL2-ATG9B axisHigh gliomas as a single agent is investigated. These data demonstrate that a new ASCL2-ATG9B signaling axis is crucial for maintaining the stemness phenotype and tumor progression, revealing a potential autophagy inhibition strategy for adult diffuse gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Hong Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Ying Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Yang Lan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Jia Ge
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Qing Deng
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Ze‐Xuan Yan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Mei Liang
- Bio‐Bank of Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Sen Wei
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Xin‐Dong Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Yi‐Fang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Shi‐Cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - You‐Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Xiao‐Hong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of NeurosurgerySouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Tao Luo
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
| | - Xiu‐Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer CenterSouthwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University) and Key Laboratory of Tumor ImmunopathologyMinistry of Education of ChinaChongqing400038China
- Bio‐Bank of Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)Chongqing400038China
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18
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Zhao J, Chen J, Zhu W, Qi XM, Wu YG. Exosomal miR-7002-5p derived from highglucose-induced macrophages suppresses autophagy in tubular epithelial cells by targeting Atg9b. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22501. [PMID: 35971776 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200550rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration plays an important role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previously, we demonstrated that highglucose-stimulated macrophage-derived exosomes (HG-exo) induces proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation in glomerular mesangial cells, but its effect on tubular cells is unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of HG-exo on renal tubular injury in DN. The results show that HG-exo could induce dysfunction, autophagy inhibition, and inflammation in mouse tubular epithelial cell (mTEC) and C57 mouse kidney. Moreover, miR-7002-5p was differentially expressed in HG-exo based on miRNAs sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. A dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that Atg9b was the direct target gene of miR-7002-5p. Further experimentation showed that miR-7002-5p inhibition in vivo and vitro reserves HG-exo effects. These results demonstrated that HG-exo carries excessive miR-7002-5p and inhibits autophagy through targeting Atg9b; this process then induces renal tubular dysfunction and inflammation. In conclusion, our study clarifies the important role of macrophage-derived exosomes in DN and is expected to provide new insight on DN prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xiang-Ming Qi
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yong-Gui Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.,Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
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19
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Zhang Q, Li H, Liu Y, Li J, Wu C, Tang H. Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs: New Insights into the Biology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. CURRENT ONCOLOGY (TORONTO, ONT.) 2022; 29:5383-5406. [PMID: 36005165 PMCID: PMC9406833 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29080427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40 to 160 nm, are among the smallest extracellular vesicles released by cells. They deliver different cargoes, including proteins, DNAs, and RNAs, and facilitate communication between cells to coordinate a variety of physiological and pathological functions. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth common malignant tumor and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown, and there is a lack of reliable and noninvasive biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction. Mounting evidence has shown that exosomes carry a variety of ncRNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which play critical roles in the occurrence and progression of HCC. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in HCC from their impact on the development of HCC to their potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hanlin Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jian Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China;
| | - Chunling Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Hua Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Q.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
- Engineering, Informatics Fusion and Transformation Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (H.T.)
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20
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Umeda S, Kanda M, Shimizu D, Nakamura S, Sawaki K, Inokawa Y, Hattori N, Hayashi M, Tanaka C, Nakayama G, Kodera Y. Lysosomal-associated membrane protein family member 5 promotes the metastatic potential of gastric cancer cells. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:558-572. [PMID: 35226222 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-022-01284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic gastric cancer (GC) has a poor prognosis, and elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in metastasis may lead to the development of novel therapeutic modalities. METHODS Transcriptome analysis of surgically resected metastatic tissue from GC patients and noncancerous tissue was performed to identify novel metastasis-related genes. Analyses of in vitro cell function, apoptosis, the cell cycle and cancer stemness were performed using GC cell lines with a stable knockout of a candidate gene. In vivo percutaneous, peritoneal dissemination and liver metastasis xenograft models were also generated. PCR array and proteome analyses were performed. Expression of the candidate gene was analyzed in GC tissues from 300 patients. RESULTS Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein Family Member 5 (LAMP5) was upregulated in the metastatic tissues. LAMP5 knockout significantly suppressed proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cells and increased apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and cancer stemness. LAMP5 knockout virtually suppressed tumor growth in in vivo percutaneous, peritoneal dissemination and liver metastasis models. EMT- and autophagy-related genes were associated with LAMP5. High LAMP5 mRNA levels were significantly associated with a worse prognosis. CONCLUSION LAMP5 plays a vital role in metastasis formation and may be a promising novel target of drug development for metastatic GC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koichi Sawaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Inokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Norifumi Hattori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Chie Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Goro Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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21
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Kim WD, Wilson-Smillie MLDM, Thanabalasingam A, Lefrancois S, Cotman SL, Huber RJ. Autophagy in the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease). Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:812728. [PMID: 35252181 PMCID: PMC8888908 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.812728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), also referred to as Batten disease, are a family of neurodegenerative diseases that affect all age groups and ethnicities around the globe. At least a dozen NCL subtypes have been identified that are each linked to a mutation in a distinct ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal (CLN) gene. Mutations in CLN genes cause the accumulation of autofluorescent lipoprotein aggregates, called ceroid lipofuscin, in neurons and other cell types outside the central nervous system. The mechanisms regulating the accumulation of this material are not entirely known. The CLN genes encode cytosolic, lysosomal, and integral membrane proteins that are associated with a variety of cellular processes, and accumulated evidence suggests they participate in shared or convergent biological pathways. Research across a variety of non-mammalian and mammalian model systems clearly supports an effect of CLN gene mutations on autophagy, suggesting that autophagy plays an essential role in the development and progression of the NCLs. In this review, we summarize research linking the autophagy pathway to the NCLs to guide future work that further elucidates the contribution of altered autophagy to NCL pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Kim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | | | - Aruban Thanabalasingam
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre D'Excellence en Recherche sur Les Maladies Orphelines–Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université Du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan L. Cotman
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert J. Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Robert J. Huber,
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22
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Belyaeva E, Kharwar RK, Ulasov IV, Karlina I, Timashev P, Mohammadinejad R, Acharya A. Isoforms of autophagy-related proteins: role in glioma progression and therapy resistance. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:593-604. [PMID: 34854022 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is the process of recycling and utilization of degraded organelles and macromolecules in the cell compartments formed during the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. During autophagy induction the healthy and tumor cells adapt themselves to harsh conditions such as cellular stress or insufficient supply of nutrients in the cell environment to maintain their homeostasis. Autophagy is currently seen as a form of programmed cell death along with apoptosis and necroptosis. In recent years multiple studies have considered the autophagy as a potential mechanism of anticancer therapy in malignant glioma. Although, subsequent steps in autophagy development are known and well-described, on molecular level the mechanism of autophagosome initiation and maturation using autophagy-related proteins is under investigation. This article reviews current state about the mechanism of autophagy, its molecular pathways and the most recent studies on roles of autophagy-related proteins and their isoforms in glioma progression and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Belyaeva
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Rajesh Kumar Kharwar
- Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kutir Post Graduate College, Chakkey, Jaunpur, UP, India
| | - Ilya V Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Irina Karlina
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Petr Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N.Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, 4 Kosygin st., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
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23
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Role of Exosomes in Immune Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2521025. [PMID: 35126514 PMCID: PMC8816547 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2521025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Since most patients with HCC are diagnosed at the intermediate or advanced stage and because HCC has a high incidence of metastasis and recurrence, it is one of the leading causes of cancer death. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles and are typically 30–150 nm in diameter. Originating from endosomes, they can be secreted by almost all living cells. They are widely present in various body fluids and serve as an important medium for the interactions between cells. A series of studies have revealed that exosomes-mediated intercellular transfer of proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of HCC, hypoxia and angiogenesis, chemotherapy sensitivity, and cell death mode and regulates the immune microenvironment. In this paper, we reviewed the recent researches on the multiple roles of tumor-associated exosomes in the progression of HCC. We laid particular focus on those researches that reveal how exosomes regulate the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and how exosomal cargos affect the progression of HCC. Besides, we emphasize some prospective directions to achieve a more accurate and complete analysis of the HCC immune microenvironment.
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24
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Ghafarkhani M, Avci CB, Rahbarghazi R, Karimi A, Sadeghizadeh M, Zarebkohan A, Bani F. Mild hyperthermia induced by gold nanorods acts as a dual-edge blade in the fate of SH-SY5Y cells via autophagy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23984. [PMID: 34907215 PMCID: PMC8671444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unraveling unwanted side effects of nanotechnology-based therapies like photothermal therapy (PTT) is vital in translational nanomedicine. Herein, we monitored the relationship between autophagic response at the transcriptional level by using a PCR array and tumor formation ability by colony formation assay in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, 48 h after being exposed to two different mild hyperthermia (43 and 48 °C) induced by PTT. In this regard, the promotion of apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated using immunofluorescence imaging and flow cytometry analyses. Protein levels of Ki-67, P62, and LC3 were measured using ELISA. Our results showed that of 86 genes associated with autophagy, the expression of 54 genes was changed in response to PTT. Also, we showed that chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and macroautophagy are stimulated in PTT. Importantly, the results of this study also showed significant changes in genes related to the crosstalk between autophagy, dormancy, and metastatic activity of treated cells. Our findings illustrated that PTT enhances the aggressiveness of cancer cells at 43 °C, in contrast to 48 °C by the regulation of autophagy-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghafarkhani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 516661-4733, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Karimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 516661-4733, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farhad Bani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 516661-4733, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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25
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Deng G, Wang W, Li Y, Sun H, Chen X, Zeng F. Nomogram based on autophagy related genes for predicting the survival in melanoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1258. [PMID: 34809598 PMCID: PMC8607622 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy, a highly conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, is associated with the prognosis of melanoma. However, prognostic prediction models based on autophagy related genes (ARGs) have never been recognized in melanoma. In the present study, we aimed to establish a novel nomogram to predict the prognosis of melanoma based on ARGs signature and clinical parameters. Methods Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases were extracted to identify the differentially expressed ARGs. Univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate analysis were used to select the prognostic ARGs. ARGs signature, age and stage were then enrolled to establish a nomogram to predict the survival probabilities of melanoma. The nomogram was evaluated by concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess the clinical benefits of the nomogram and TNM stage model. The nomogram was validated in GEO cohorts. Results Five prognostic ARGs were selected to construct ARGs signature model and validated in the GEO cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that patients in high-risk group had significantly worse overall survival than those in low-risk group in TCGA cohort (P = 5.859 × 10–9) and GEO cohort (P = 3.075 × 10–9). We then established and validated a novel promising prognostic nomogram through combining ARGs signature and clinical parameters. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.717 in TCGA training cohort and 0.738 in GEO validation cohort. TCGA/GEO-based ROC curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that the nomogram was better than traditional TNM staging system for melanoma prognosis. Conclusion We firstly developed and validated an ARGs signature based-nomogram for individualized prognosis prediction in melanoma patients, which could assist with decision making for clinicians. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08928-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtong Deng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yayun Li
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Huiyan Sun
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Furong Zeng
- The Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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26
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Zhang Y, Huang S, Yang G, Zou L, Huang X, Liu S. The Role of miRNAs during Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced Apoptosis in Digestive Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:6787-6795. [PMID: 34659567 PMCID: PMC8517994 DOI: 10.7150/jca.62352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world. Despite a number of studies being conducted, the exact mechanism for treating digestive cancer has not yet been fully understood. To survive, digestive cancer cells are subjected to various internal and external adverse factors, such as hypoxia, nutritional deficiencies or drug toxicity, resulting in accumulation of misfolded and unfolded protein in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen further leading to ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR). During the last years, studies on the relationship between ER stress and microRNAs (miRNAs) has burst on the scene. miRNAs are non-coding RNAs with a length of 21~22nucleotides involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, which could be regarded as oncomiRs (tumor inducers) and tumor suppressors regulating cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis by differently affecting the expression of genes related to cancer cell signaling. Therefore, investigating the interaction between ER stress and miRNAs is crucial for developing effective cancer treatment and prevention strategies. In this review, we mainly discuss miRNAs focusing on its regulation, role in ER stress induced apoptosis in Digestive cancer, expound the underlying mechanism, thus provides a theoretical foundation for finding new therapeutic targets of digestive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Lianhong Zou
- Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410015, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Sulai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410015, China
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27
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Expression of Four Autophagy-Related Genes Accurately Predicts the Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Asian Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:7253633. [PMID: 34484469 PMCID: PMC8413069 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7253633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are among the most fatal diseases in the world. Numerous studies have demonstrated the relationship between autophagy and development of gastrointestinal cancers. However, whether autophagy-related genes can predict prognosis of GI cancers in individuals of Asian ancestry has not been defined. This study, evaluated the prognostic value of autophagy-related genes in gastrointestinal cancer. Expression profile of autophagy-related genes for 296 gastrointestinal cancer patients of Asian ancestry was downloaded from the TCGA database (TCGA-LIHC, TCGA-STAD, TCGA-ESCA, TCGA-PAAD, TCGA-COAD, TCGA-CHOL, and TCGA-READ). The prognostic value of the autophagy-related genes was evaluated using univariate Cox, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The risk score of the autophagy-related gene signature was calculated to assess its predictive prognostic value for GI cancers. Forty-seven differentially expressed autophagy-related genes, in Asian patients with gastrointestinal cancers, were identified. Of the 47 genes, 4 were associated with prognosis of GI cancer (SQSTM1, BIRC5, NRG3, and CXCR4). A prognostic model for GI cancer, based on the expression of the above 4 genes in the training set, showed that cancer patients were stratified into high-risk and low-risk groups (P < 0.05). The utility of the model for overall survival (OS) of GI cancer patients was consistent across the entire set, training set, and test set (entire set: P = 4.568 × 10−4; train set: P = 5.718 × 10−3; test set: P = 3.516 × 10−2). The sensitivity and specificity of the ROC curve of the above prognostic model in predicting the 5-year prognosis of GI cancer was satisfactory (entire set: 0.728; train set: 0.727; test set: 0.733). Analysis of clinical samples validated the overexpression of the 4 genes (SQSTM1, BIRC5, NRG3, and CXCR4) in tumor tissues relative to paired normal tissues, consistent with bioinformatic findings. Expression of the 4 autophagy-related genes (SQSTM1, BIRC5, NRG3, and CXCR4) can accurately predict the prognosis of gastrointestinal tumors in Asian patients.
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28
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Guo J, Zhong X, Tan Q, Yang S, Liao J, Zhuge J, Hong Z, Deng Q, Zuo Q. miR-301a-3p induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the occurrence and transmission of trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:696. [PMID: 34257270 PMCID: PMC8277821 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab resistance negatively influences the clinical efficacy of the therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive gastric cancer (GC), and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Exploring the mechanisms and finding effective approaches to address trastuzumab resistance are of great necessity. Here, we confirmed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced trastuzumab resistance by up-regulating miR-301a-3p in HER2-positive GC cells. Moreover, we elucidated that miR-301a-3p mediated trastuzumab resistance by down-regulating the expression of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains containing protein 1 (LRIG1) and subsequently activating the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) under ER stress. We also found that intercellular transfer of miR-301a-3p by exosomes disseminated trastuzumab resistance. The present study demonstrated that exosomal miR-301a-3p could serve as a non-invasive biomarker for trastuzumab resistance, which was maybe a novel potential therapeutic target to overcome trastuzumab resistance and improve the curative effect of trastuzumab in HER2-positive GC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Trastuzumab/pharmacology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510080
| | - Xuxian Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Qinglin Tan
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China, 523059
| | - Shengnan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Jiaqi Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Jinke Zhuge
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Ziyang Hong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Qiang Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515.
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29
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MYH9-dependent polarization of ATG9B promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by accelerating focal adhesion assembly. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3251-3269. [PMID: 34131310 PMCID: PMC8629984 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour metastasis is a major reason accounting for the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), and the discovery of targets in the primary tumours that can predict the risk of CRC metastasis is now urgently needed. In this study, we identified autophagy-related protein 9B (ATG9B) as a key potential target gene for CRC metastasis. High expression of ATG9B in tumour significantly increased the risk of metastasis and poor prognosis of CRC. Mechanistically, we further find that ATG9B promoted CRC invasion mainly through autophagy-independent manner. MYH9 is the pivotal interacting protein for ATG9B functioning, which directly binds to cytoplasmic peptide segments aa368-411 of ATG9B by its head domain. Furthermore, the combination of ATG9B and MYH9 enhance the stability of each other by decreasing their binding to E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1, therefore preventing them from ubiquitin-mediated degradation, which further amplified the effect of ATG9B and MYH9 in CRC cells. During CRC cell invasion, ATG9B is transported to the cell edge with the assistance of MYH9 and accelerates focal adhesion (FA) assembly through mediating the interaction of endocytosed integrin β1 and Talin-1, which facilitated to integrin β1 activation. Clinically, upregulated expression of ATG9B in human CRC tissue is always accompanied with highly elevated expression of MYH9 and associated with advanced CRC stage and poor prognosis. Taken together, this study highlighted the important role of ATG9B in CRC metastasis by promoting focal adhesion assembly, and ATG9B together with MYH9 can provide a pair of potential therapeutic targets for preventing CRC progression.
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Tan H, Wang N, Zhang C, Chan Y, Yuen M, Feng Y. Lysyl Oxidase-Like 4 Fosters an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment During Hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 2021; 73:2326-2341. [PMID: 33068461 PMCID: PMC8251926 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lysyl oxidase-like 4 (LOXL4) is an amine oxidase that is primarily involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and is highly expressed in HCC tissues, but its functional role in mediating liver carcinogenesis is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of LOXL4 in hepatocarcinogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that hepatic LOXL4 expression was increased during the liver carcinogenesis in mice concomitantly fed a choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined diet. LOXL4 was secreted by the neoplastic cells and primarily localized within hepatic macrophages through exosome internalization. Supplementation of LOXL4 had minimal effect on neoplastic cells. In vitro exposure of macrophages to LOXL4 invoked an immunosuppressive phenotype and activated programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, which further suppressed the function of CD8+ T cells. Injection of LOXL4 promoted macrophages infiltration into the liver and accelerated tumor growth, which was further abolished by adoptive T-cell transfer or PD-L1 neutralization. Label-free proteomics analysis revealed that the immunosuppressive function of LOXL4 on macrophages primarily relied on interferon (IFN)-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription-dependent PD-L1 activation. Hydrogen peroxide scavenger or copper chelation on macrophages abolished the IFN-mediated PD-L1 presentation by LOXL4. In human HCC tissue, expression of LOXL4 in CD68+ cells was positively correlated with PD-L1 level. High expression of LOXL4 in CD68+ cells and low expression of CD8A in tumor tissue cooperatively predict poor survival of patients with HCC. CONCLUSIONS LOXL4 facilitates immune evasion by tumor cells and leads to hepatocarcinogenesis. Our study unveils the role of LOXL4 in fostering an immunosuppressive microenvironment during hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hor‐Yue Tan
- School of Chinese MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yau‐Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Man‐Fung Yuen
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese MedicineLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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Kacprzyk J, Locatelli AG, Hughes GM, Huang Z, Clarke M, Gorbunova V, Sacchi C, Stewart GS, Teeling EC. Evolution of mammalian longevity: age-related increase in autophagy in bats compared to other mammals. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7998-8025. [PMID: 33744862 PMCID: PMC8034928 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis and its dysfunction has been implicated in aging. Bats are the longest-lived mammals for their size, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their extended healthspan are not well understood. Here, drawing on >8 years of mark-recapture field studies, we report the first longitudinal analysis of autophagy regulation in bats. Mining of published population level aging blood transcriptomes (M. myotis, mouse and human) highlighted a unique increase of autophagy related transcripts with age in bats, but not in other mammals. This bat-specific increase in autophagy transcripts was recapitulated by the western blot determination of the autophagy marker, LC3II/I ratio, in skin primary fibroblasts (Myotis myotis,Pipistrellus kuhlii, mouse), that also showed an increase with age in both bat species. Further phylogenomic selection pressure analyses across eutherian mammals (n=70 taxa; 274 genes) uncovered 10 autophagy-associated genes under selective pressure in bat lineages. These molecular adaptations potentially mediate the exceptional age-related increase of autophagy signalling in bats, which may contribute to their longer healthspans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kacprzyk
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Andrea G. Locatelli
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Present Institutional Address: Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Fondazione Centro San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, Milano 6020132, Italy
| | - Graham M. Hughes
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Zixia Huang
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael Clarke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Carlotta Sacchi
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gavin S. Stewart
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Emma C. Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Sun B, Zhai S, Zhang L, Sun G. The role of extracellular vesicles in podocyte autophagy in kidney disease. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:299-316. [PMID: 33619681 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are the key cells involved in protein filtration in the glomerulus. Once proteins appear in the urine when podocytes fail, patients will end with renal failure due to the progression of glomerular damage if no proper treatment is applied. The injury and loss of podocytes can be attributed to diverse factors, such as genetic, immunologic, toxic, or metabolic disorders. Recently, autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism to eliminate the unwanted cytoplasmic materials and to prolong the lifespan of podocytes by alleviating cell damage and stress. Typically, the fundamental function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is to mediate the intercellular communication. Recent studies have suggested that, EVs, especially exosomes, play a certain role in information transfer by communicating proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs with recipient cells. Under physiological and pathological conditions, EVs assist in the bioinformation interchange between kidneys and other organs. It is suggested that EVs are related to the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including glomerular disease, diabetic nephropathy, renal fibrosis and end-stage renal disease. However, the role of EVs in podocyte autophagy remains unclear so far. Here, this study integrated the existing information about the relevancy, diagnostic value and therapeutic potential of EVs in a variety of podocytes-related diseases. The accumulating evidence highlighted that autophagy played a critical role in the homeostasis of podocytes in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baichao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shubo Zhai
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangdong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Lin S, Meng T, Huang H, Zhuang H, He Z, Yang H, Feng D. Molecular machineries and physiological relevance of ER-mediated membrane contacts. Theranostics 2021; 11:974-995. [PMID: 33391516 PMCID: PMC7738843 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are defined as regions where two organelles are closely apposed, and most MCSs associated with each other via protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions. A number of key molecular machinery systems participate in mediating substance exchange and signal transduction, both of which are essential processes in terms of cellular physiology and pathophysiology. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest reticulum network within the cell and has extensive communication with other cellular organelles, including the plasma membrane (PM), mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes and lipid droplets (LDs). The contacts and reactions between them are largely mediated by various protein tethers and lipids. Ions, lipids and even proteins can be transported between the ER and neighboring organelles or recruited to the contact site to exert their functions. This review focuses on the key molecules involved in the formation of different contact sites as well as their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Lin
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Meng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haofeng Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Zhuang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengjie He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410021, China
| | - Du Feng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
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Han B, Luo J, Jiang P, Li Y, Wang Q, Bai Y, Chen J, Wang J, Zhang J. Inhibition of Embryonic HSP 90 Function Promotes Variation of Cold Tolerance in Zebrafish. Front Genet 2020; 11:541944. [PMID: 33343615 PMCID: PMC7746879 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.541944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) plays essential roles in modulation of phenotypic plasticity in vertebrate development, however, the roles of HSP90 in modulation of cold tolerance capacity in fish are still unclear. In the present study, we showed that transient inhibition of embryonic HSP90 function by a chemical inhibitor or low conductivity stress promoted variation of cold tolerance capacity in adult zebrafish. Further work showed that embryonic HSP90 inhibition enhanced cold tolerance in adult zebrafish could be transmitted to their offspring. RNA-seq data showed that embryonic HSP90 inhibition enhanced cold tolerance involves variation of gene expression related to proteasome, lysosome, autophagy, and ribosome. Experiments with zebrafish ZF4 cells showed that two differentially expressed genes atg9b and psmd12 were up-regulated by radicicol treatment and provided protective roles for cells under cold stress, indicating that up-regulation of autophagy and proteasome function contributes to enhanced cold tolerance. The present work sheds a light on the roles of HSP90 in regulation of phenotypic plasticity associated with thermal adaptation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshe Han
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juntao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Penglei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Cheng Y, Qi F, Li L, Qin Z, Li X, Wang X. Autophagy-related genes are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:2616-2628. [PMID: 33457234 PMCID: PMC7807329 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, autophagy was found related to several malignances. Methods To explore the diagnostic and prognostic values of autophagy in prostate cancer (PCa), we first identified differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Prostate Adenocarcinoma (PRAD) dataset. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were applied to perform gene functional annotation. Then, multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to construct the risk index (RI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves were performed to identify the effectiveness of RI. Next, multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to construct the prognostic index (PI) and autophagy-clinical prognostic index (ACPI). Results We identified 16 DEARGs and functional annotation demonstrated the relevance of these genes to autophagy and revealed the association of these DEARGs with digestive system, drug resistance and apoptosis. Then, the RI was constructed based on 5 DEARGs and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.9858. Validation based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets suggested that the RI was effective. Next, 7 ARGs were identified associated with overall survival (OS) and the PI was developed composed of 3 ARGs. Finally, ACPI was constructed based on PI and the M stage. Conclusions This study provided potential models for predicting the risk and prognosis of PCa and indicated the molecular insights of autophagy in PCa. While no other dataset was applied to test the effectiveness of the PI and ACPI models attribute to the well prognosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongshi Qin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
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A zinc finger family protein, ZNF263, promotes hepatocellular carcinoma resistance to apoptosis via activation of ER stress-dependent autophagy. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100851. [PMID: 32898766 PMCID: PMC7486481 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is generally activated in HCC and is important for the sensitivity of HCC to anticancer drugs. ERS-dependent autophagy is a crucial mechanism affecting the sensitivity of HCC to anticancer drugs, but the mechanism by which ERS regulates autophagy is not well understood. Zinc finger protein 263 (ZNF263) is a transcription factor member of the zinc finger family. However, its functional role in HCC remains to be studied. In the current study, we investigated the role of ZNF263 in regulating ERS-induced chemoresistance in HCC and its possible mechanism. We found that ZNF263 was the most significant ERS-specific super-enhancer bounding transcriptional factor and was up-regulated in HCC patients and cell lines. Further, ZNF263 expression correlated with ERS, clinical stage and shorter survival in HCC patients. ZNF263 knockdown by RNA interference results in decreased proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and chemoresistance. Further study showed that ZNF263 increased chemoresistance by activating ERS-related autophagy. In conclusion, our study highlights ZNF263 as a functional ERS-related tumor activator and indicates it as a potential target for HCC therapy.
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37
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Li S, Wang N, Tan HY, Chueng F, Zhang ZJ, Yuen MF, Feng Y. Modulation of gut microbiota mediates berberine-induced expansion of immuno-suppressive cells to against alcoholic liver disease. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e112. [PMID: 32790968 PMCID: PMC7438809 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid compound derived from many herbs, which has been used extensively to improve liver function. But action mechanism of its hepatoprotection in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is far from being clear. Aim To investigate the underlying mechanism of berberine's therapeutic effect on ALD associated with gut microbiota‐immune system axis. Method An animal model fed with ethanol that mimics drinking pattern ideally in ALD patients was established. Liver function was evaluated by biochemical test and histological examination. Immune cells were detected by flow cytometry and feces samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results We first reported the promising beneficial effect of berberine on ameliorating acute‐on‐chronic alcoholic hepatic damage and explored the underlying mechanism involving gut microbiota‐immune system axis. Notably, berberine activated a population with immune suppressive function, defined as granulocytic‐ myeloid‐derived suppressor cell (G‐MDSC)‐like population, in the liver of mice with alleviating alcohol‐induced hepatic injury. Berberine remarkably enhanced the increase of G‐MDSC‐like cells in blood and liver and decreased cytotoxic T cells correspondingly. Suppression of G‐MDSC‐like population significantly attenuated the protective effect of berberine against alcohol. Berberine activated IL6/STAT3 signaling in in vitro culture of G‐MSDCs‐like population, while inhibition of STAT3 activity attenuated the activation of this population by berberine. Moreover, berberine changed the overall gut microbial community, primarily increased the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila. Of note, depletion of gut microbiota abolished the inducing effect of berberine on G‐MDSC‐like population, and attenuated its hepatoprotective effect against alcohol in mice, suggesting intestinal flora might be involved in mediating the expansion of this protective population. Conclusion Collectively, this study delivered insight into the role of immunosuppressive response in ALD, and facilitated the understanding of the pharmacological effects and action mechanisms of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R, P. R. China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R, P. R. China
| | - Fan Chueng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R, P. R. China
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R, P. R. China
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Queen Mary Hospital, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong S.A.R, P. R. China
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Liang W, Moyzis AG, Lampert MA, Diao RY, Najor RH, Gustafsson ÅB. Aging is associated with a decline in Atg9b-mediated autophagosome formation and appearance of enlarged mitochondria in the heart. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13187. [PMID: 32627317 PMCID: PMC7431832 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is a major risk factor for developing heart disease, and the biological processes contributing to aging are currently under intense investigation. Autophagy is an important cellular quality control mechanism that is reduced in tissues with age but the molecular mechanisms underlying the age-associated defects in autophagy remain poorly characterized. Here, we have investigated how the autophagic process is altered in aged mouse hearts. We report that autophagic activity is reduced in aged hearts due to a reduction in autophagosome formation. Gene expression profile analysis to evaluate changes in autophagy regulators uncovered a reduction in Atg9b transcript and protein levels. Atg9 proteins are critical in delivering membrane to the growing autophagosome, and siRNA knockdown of Atg9b in cells confirmed a reduction in autophagosome formation. Autophagy is also the main pathway involved in eliminating dysfunctional mitochondria via a process known as mitophagy. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin plays a key role in labeling mitochondria for mitophagy. We also found increased levels of Parkin-positive mitochondria in the aged hearts, an indication that they have been labeled for mitophagy. In contrast, Nrf1, a major transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was significantly reduced in aged hearts. Additionally, our data showed reduced Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and formation of enlarged mitochondria in the aged heart. Overall, our findings suggest that cardiac aging is associated with reduced autophagosome number, decreased mitochondrial turnover, and formation of megamitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liang
- Department of PharmacologySkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexandra G. Moyzis
- Department of PharmacologySkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark A. Lampert
- Department of PharmacologySkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel Y. Diao
- Department of PharmacologySkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rita H. Najor
- Department of PharmacologySkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Åsa B. Gustafsson
- Department of PharmacologySkaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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Zhang C, Wang N, Tan HY, Guo W, Chen F, Zhong Z, Man K, Tsao SW, Lao L, Feng Y. Direct inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88 pathway by geniposide suppresses HIF-1α-independent VEGF expression and angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3240-3257. [PMID: 32144747 PMCID: PMC7312435 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE As a typical hypervascular tumour, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is predominantly grown through angiogenesis. Geniposide is a promising anti-inflammatory compound found in Gardenia jasminoides, but its effects on the progression of HCC remain untested. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The anti-HCC effects of geniposide was investigated in cellular models and orthotopic HCC mice. Transcriptional regulation of the VEGF promoter was measured by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The anti-angiogenic action of geniposide was measured by tube formation assay. Both surface plasmon resonance techniques and human phospho-kinase array analysis were utilized to validate the relationship between targets of geniposide and hepatocarcinogenesis. KEY RESULTS Geniposide exhibited significant disruption of HCC proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and lung metastasis in orthotopic HCC mice. Geniposide inhibited secretion of VEGF by HCC and suppressed the migration of endothelial cells and the formation of intra-tumour blood vessels, without cytotoxicity and independently of the transcription factor HIF-1α. Direct inhibition of TLR4 by geniposide led to the shutdown of the TLR4/MyD88 pathway and STAT3/Sp1-dependent VEGF production. However, LPS, an agonist of TLR4, restored STAT3/Sp1-related VEGF production in geniposide-inhibited HCC angiogenesis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The direct inhibitory effect of geniposide on TLR4/MyD88 activation contributes to the suppression of STAT3/Sp1-dependent VEGF overexpression in HCC angiogenesis and pulmonary metastasis. This action of geniposide was not affected by stabilization of HIF-1α. Our study offers a novel anti-VEGF mechanism for the inhibition of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Feiyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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Xie RJ, Hu XX, Zheng L, Cai S, Chen YS, Yang Y, Yang T, Han B, Yang Q. Calpain-2 activity promotes aberrant endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis in hepatocytes. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1450-1462. [PMID: 32308346 PMCID: PMC7152521 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i13.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calpain-2 is a Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease, and high calpain-2 activity can enhance apoptosis mediated by multiple triggers.
AIM To investigate whether calpain-2 can modulate aberrant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related apoptosis in rat hepatocyte BRL-3A cells.
METHODS BRL-3A cells were treated with varying doses of dithiothreitol (DTT), and their viability and apoptosis were quantified by 3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry. The expression of ER stress- and apoptosis-related proteins was detected by Western blot analysis. The protease activity of calpain-2 was determined using a fluorescent substrate, N-succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC. Intracellular Ca2+ content, and ER and calpain-2 co-localization were characterized by fluorescent microscopy. The impact of calpain-2 silencing by specific small interfering RNA on caspase-12 activation and apoptosis of BRL-3A cells was quantified.
RESULTS DTT exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against BRL-3A cells and treatment with 2 mmol/L DTT triggered BRL-3A cell apoptosis. DTT treatment significantly upregulated 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein, activating transcription factor 4, C/EBP-homologous protein expression by >2-fold, and enhanced PRKR-like ER kinase phosphorylation, caspase-12 and caspase-3 cleavage in BRL-3A cells in a trend of time-dependence. DTT treatment also significantly increased intracellular Ca2+ content, calpain-2 expression, and activity by >2-fold in BRL-3A cells. Furthermore, immunofluorescence revealed that DTT treatment promoted the ER accumulation of calpain-2. Moreover, calpain-2 silencing to decrease calpain-2 expression by 85% significantly mitigated DTT-enhanced calpain-2 expression, caspase-12 cleavage, and apoptosis in BRL-3A cells.
CONCLUSION The data indicated that Ca2+-dependent calpain-2 activity promoted the aberrant ER stress-related apoptosis of rat hepatocytes by activating caspase-12 in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jia Xie
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Hu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu-Si Chen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bing Han
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
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Xue Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang C, Shen XD, Gao F, Busuttil RW, Zheng S, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Ji H. PACAP neuropeptide promotes Hepatocellular Protection via CREB-KLF4 dependent autophagy in mouse liver Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:4453-4465. [PMID: 32292507 PMCID: PMC7150481 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), associated with acute hepatocyte death, remains an unresolved problem in clinical orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Autophagy, an intracellular self-digesting progress, is responsible for cell reprograming required to regain post-stress homeostasis. Methods: Here, we analyzed the cytoprotective mechanism of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-promoted hepatocellular autophagy in a clinically relevant mouse model of extended hepatic cold storage (4 °C UW solution for 20 h) followed by syngeneic OLT. Results: In contrast to 41.7% of liver graft failure by day 7 post-transplant in control group, PACAP treatment significantly improved graft survival (91.7% by day 14), and promoted autophagy-associated regeneration programs in OLT. In parallel in vitro studies, PACAP-enhanced autophagy ameliorated cellular damage (LDH/ALT levels), and diminished necrosis in H2O2-stressed primary hepatocytes. Interestingly, PACAP not only induced nuclear cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), but also triggered reprogramming factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression in IR-stressed OLT. Indeed, CREB inhibition attenuated hepatic autophagy and recreated hepatocellular injury in otherwise PACAP-protected livers. Furthermore, CREB inhibition suppressed PACAP-induced KLF4 expression, whereas KLF4 blockade abolished PACAP-promoted autophagy and neutralized PACAP-mediated hepatoprotection both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion: Current study documents the essential neural regulation of PACAP-promoted autophagy in hepatocellular homeostasis in OLT, which provides the emerging therapeutic principle to combat hepatic IRI in OLT.
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Pinto AP, Vieira TS, Marafon BB, Batitucci G, Cabrera EMB, da Rocha AL, Kohama EB, Rodrigues KCC, de Moura LP, Pauli JR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, de Freitas EC, da Silva ASR. The Combination of Fasting, Acute Resistance Exercise, and Protein Ingestion Led to Different Responses of Autophagy Markers in Gastrocnemius and Liver Samples. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030641. [PMID: 32121154 PMCID: PMC7146592 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study verified the responses of proteins related to the autophagy pathway after 10 h of fast with resistance exercise and protein ingestion in skeletal muscle and liver samples. The rats were distributed into five experimental groups: control (CT; sedentary and without gavage after fast), exercise immediately (EXE-imm; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received water by gavage immediately after exercise), exercise after 1 h (EXE-1h; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received water by gavage 1 h after exercise), exercise and supplementation immediately after exercise (EXE/Suppl-imm; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received a mix of casein: whey protein 1:1 (w/w) by gavage immediately after exercise), exercise and supplementation 1 h after exercise (EXE/Suppl-1h; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received a mix of casein: whey protein 1:1 (w/w) by gavage 1 h after exercise). In summary, the current findings show that the combination of fasting, acute resistance exercise, and protein blend ingestion (immediately or 1 h after the exercise stimulus) increased the serum levels of leucine, insulin, and glucose, as well as the autophagy protein contents in skeletal muscle, but decreased other proteins related to the autophagic pathway in the liver. These results deserve further mechanistic investigations since athletes are combining fasting with physical exercise to enhance health and performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (A.L.d.R.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Tales S. Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Science, State University of São Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Araraquara). Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (T.S.V.); (G.B.); (E.C.d.F.)
| | - Bruno B. Marafon
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-907, Brazil;
| | - Gabriela Batitucci
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Science, State University of São Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Araraquara). Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (T.S.V.); (G.B.); (E.C.d.F.)
| | - Elisa M. B. Cabrera
- Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico;
| | - Alisson L. da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (A.L.d.R.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Eike B. Kohama
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (A.L.d.R.); (E.B.K.)
| | - Kellen C. C. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Leandro P. de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - José R. Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Dennys E. Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Eduardo R. Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil; (K.C.C.R.); (L.P.d.M.); (J.R.P.); (D.E.C.); (E.R.R.)
| | - Ellen C. de Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Science, State University of São Paulo Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Araraquara). Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (T.S.V.); (G.B.); (E.C.d.F.)
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-907, Brazil;
| | - Adelino S. R. da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (A.L.d.R.); (E.B.K.)
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-907, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-33150522; Fax: +55-16-33150551
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Wang S, Luan J, Lv X. Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Attenuated Ethanol-Induced Exosomal miR-122 and Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 54:465-471. [PMID: 31361816 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In acute alcoholic liver injury, alcohol can directly or indirectly induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) to participate in liver injury, and it is found that the expression of serum exosomal miR-122 is significantly affected. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition on the expression of serum exosomal miR-122 and acute liver injury. METHODS The acute alcoholic liver injury models were established by the intragastric administration of ethanol (5 g/kg) in ICR mice. Intervention group received 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA, endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor; 75 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) 12 and 24 hours before intragastric administration. Mice treated with saline were used as controls. RESULTS The ethanol treated mice exhibited significantly elevated hepatosomatic index (liver weight/body weight) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). The ERS inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid protected against ethanol induced acute liver injury and hepatocyte necrosis, and PBA 150 mg/kg significantly attenuated ethanol induced hepatic ER stress-related proteins (GRP78, pIRE1α and pIF2α) (P < 0.05). Moreover, PBA 150 mg/kg markedly alleviated ethanol induced elevation of hepatic and serum exosomal miR-122 and pri-miR-122 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ER stress inhibitor PBA attenuated ethanol induced acute liver injury and serum exosomal miR-122, and provides a potential therapy strategy for acute alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Disease of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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RNA-seq Reveals Dysregulation of Novel Melanocyte Genes upon Oxidative Stress: Implications in Vitiligo Pathogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2841814. [PMID: 31871544 PMCID: PMC6913168 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2841814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to induce melanocyte death, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. To identify oxidative stress-induced global gene expression changes in melanocytes, we treated PIG1 melanocytes with H2O2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner and performed RNA-seq. This approach allowed us to capture the events occurring early as well as late phase after treatment with H2O2. Our bioinformatics analysis identified differentially expressed genes involved in various biological processes of melanocytes which are known to contribute to the vitiligo development, such as apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle regulation, cell adhesion, immune and inflammatory responses, melanocyte pluripotency, and developmental signaling such as WNT and NOTCH pathways. We uncovered several novel genes that are not previously described to be involved in melanocytic response to stress nor in vitiligo pathogenesis. Quantitative PCR and western blot analysis of selected proteins, performed on PIG1 and primary human epidermal melanocytes, confirmed the RNA-seq data. Interestingly, we discovered an aberrant regulation of several transcription factors that are involved in diabetes, neurological, and psychiatric diseases, all of which are comorbid conditions in patients with vitiligo. Our results may lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying vitiligo pathogenesis and help developing new drug targets for effective treatment.
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45
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Cali CP, Patino M, Tai YK, Ho WY, McLean CA, Morris CM, Seeley WW, Miller BL, Gaig C, Vonsattel JPG, White CL, Roeber S, Kretzschmar H, Troncoso JC, Troakes C, Gearing M, Ghetti B, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Mok KY, Ling H, Dickson DW, Schellenberg GD, Ling SC, Lee EB. C9orf72 intermediate repeats are associated with corticobasal degeneration, increased C9orf72 expression and disruption of autophagy. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:795-811. [PMID: 31327044 PMCID: PMC6802287 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellite repeat expansion disease loci can exhibit pleiotropic clinical and biological effects depending on repeat length. Large expansions in C9orf72 (100s-1000s of units) are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). However, whether intermediate expansions also contribute to neurodegenerative disease is not well understood. Several studies have identified intermediate repeats in Parkinson's disease patients, but the association was not found in autopsy-confirmed cases. We hypothesized that intermediate C9orf72 repeats are a genetic risk factor for corticobasal degeneration (CBD), a neurodegenerative disease that can be clinically similar to Parkinson's but has distinct tau protein pathology. Indeed, intermediate C9orf72 repeats were significantly enriched in autopsy-proven CBD (n = 354 cases, odds ratio = 3.59, p = 0.00024). While large C9orf72 repeat expansions are known to decrease C9orf72 expression, intermediate C9orf72 repeats result in increased C9orf72 expression in human brain tissue and CRISPR/cas9 knockin iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells. In contrast to cases of FTD/ALS with large C9orf72 expansions, CBD with intermediate C9orf72 repeats was not associated with pathologic RNA foci or dipeptide repeat protein aggregates. Knock-in cells with intermediate repeats exhibit numerous changes in gene expression pathways relating to vesicle trafficking and autophagy. Additionally, overexpression of C9orf72 without the repeat expansion leads to defects in autophagy under nutrient starvation conditions. These results raise the possibility that therapeutic strategies to reduce C9orf72 expression may be beneficial for the treatment of CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Cali
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 613A Stellar Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maribel Patino
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 613A Stellar Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yee Kit Tai
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Yun Ho
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Health and Victorian Brain Bank, Florey Neurosciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Edwardson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carles Gaig
- Universitat de Barcelona Hospital Clínic and Banc de Teixits Neurològics, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Charles L White
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sigrun Roeber
- Institute for Neuropathology and Prion Research and Brain Net Germany, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Kretzschmar
- Institute for Neuropathology and Prion Research and Brain Net Germany, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claire Troakes
- London Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Bank, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kin Y Mok
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Helen Ling
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shuo-Chien Ling
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward B Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 613A Stellar Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Wan B, Liu B, Yu G, Huang Y, Lv C. Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes are potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9025-9042. [PMID: 31626592 PMCID: PMC6834403 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We examined the role of differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) in clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) using high-throughput RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cox regression analyses showed that 5 DEARGs (PRKCQ, BID, BAG1, BIRC5, and ATG16L2) correlated with overall survival (OS) and 4 DEARGs (EIF4EBP1, BAG1, ATG9B, and BIRC5) correlated with disease-free survival (DFS) in ccRCC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis using the OS and DFS prognostic risk models showed that expression of the nine DEARGs accurately and independently predicted the risk of disease recurrence or progression in ccRCC patients (area under curve or AUC values > 0.70; all p < 0.05). Moreover, the DEARGs accurately distinguished healthy individuals from ccRCC patients based on receiver operated characteristic (ROC) analyses (area under curve or AUC values > 0.60), suggesting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for ccRCC. The expression of DEARGs also correlated with the drug sensitivity of ccRCC cell lines. The ccRCC cell lines were significantly sensitive to Sepantronium bromide, a drug that targets BIRC5. This makes BIRC5 a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC. Our study thus demonstrates that DEARGs are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangbei Wan
- Department of Urology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Urology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Cai Lv
- Department of Urology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou 570208, Hainan, China
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Zhou X, Yan B. Induction of mTOR-dependent autophagy by WS 2 nanosheets from both inside and outside of human cells. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10684-10694. [PMID: 31120086 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The applications of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) pose an increased risk to both the environment and human health. Due to the large surface area of 2D nanosheets, they often form multi-layered nanoclusters of various thicknesses in aqueous solution. In this work, we address the safety issue of 2D TMDCs with focus on the cellular effects of the thickness of WS2 nanosheets. At a very low and non-lethal concentration (4 cm2 mL-1 or 25 μg mL-1), 4-layered WS2 nanosheets (WS2-4) were primarily bound to the cell surface with less internalization, while 30-layered WS2 nanosheets (WS2-30) were mostly internalized by human bronchial epithelial cells. Although the cellular interactions at this low concentration caused no alterations in the cell cycle, apoptosis, necrosis and cytotoxicity, cell autophagy was induced in both cases through mTOR-dependent pathways by perturbing a number of signaling molecules, such as amyloid precursor protein (APP) and cysteine-X-cysteine chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR-4). The finding of activation of cell autophagy from both outside and inside of cells reveals a novel feature of biological perturbations by 2D nanosheets. This finding will help in the formulation of general guidelines for the safe application of 2D nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Zhao R, Xie E, Yang X, Gong B. Alliin alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:236-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Effect of Herb-Partitioned Moxibustion on Autophagy and Immune-Associated Gene Expression Profiles in a Rat Model of Crohn's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3405146. [PMID: 30956679 PMCID: PMC6431444 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3405146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the immune regulation mechanism of herb-partitioned moxibustion in rats with Crohn's disease (CD) focusing on autophagy. Methods Rats were randomly divided into normal (N) group, CD model (M) group, CD model with herb-partitioned moxibustion (MM) group, normal with herb-partitioned moxibustion (NM) group, CD model with mesalazine (western medicine, Med ) group, and normal saline (NS) group, with 10 rats in each group. The CD model rats were prepared by trinitrobenzene sulphonic expect for the N group and NM group. After the CD rats model were established, the rats in the MM and NM groups were treated with herb-partitioned moxibustion at Tianshu (ST25) and Qihai (CV6) acupoints once daily for 7 days, and rats in the Med and NS groups were respectively treated with mesalazine enteric coated tablet and normal saline once daily for 7 days. After intervention, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the histological changes of colon; RNA sequencing was used to observe the changes in autophagy- and immune-associated gene expression profiles. In addition, autophagy- and immune-associated cytokines and signaling pathways in CD rats were also screened. Results HPM significantly increased the body weight of CD rats (P<0.01) and improved the pathological injury of colon in CD rats (P<0.01). HPM also changed the expression of many autophagy- and immune-associated genes, especially downregulating the expression of autophagy-associated Nod2, Irgm genes as well as the receptor of immune-associated Il12b, Il22 (Il12rb1, Il22ra2) genes in the colon of CD rats. HPM also changed the enrichment levels of differentially expressed genes in the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 infection pathway, the Epstein-Barr virus infection pathway, and the cell adhesion molecule pathway. In addition, the expression levels of Nod2, Irgm, IL-12b, and IL-22 mRNA were increased (all P< 0.01) in the M group compared to the N group, while the expression levels of Nod2, Irgm, IL-12b, and IL-22 mRNA were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in the MM and Med groups compared to the M group. Conclusion Herb-partitioned moxibustion may effectively attenuate intestinal inflammation and promote the repair of colon mucosal injury of CD rats through the regulation of autophagy- and immune-associated gene expression and signaling pathways.
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O'Neill CP, Gilligan KE, Dwyer RM. Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Cell Stress Response and Resistance to Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020136. [PMID: 30682793 PMCID: PMC6406503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles released by all cells that have been heralded as novel regulators of cell-to-cell communication. It is becoming increasingly clear that in response to a variety of stress conditions, cells employ EV-mediated intercellular communication to transmit a pro-survival message in the tumor microenvironment and beyond, supporting evasion of cell death and transmitting resistance to therapy. Understanding changes in EV cargo and secretion pattern during cell stress may uncover novel, targetable mechanisms underlying disease progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Further, the profile of EVs released into the circulation may provide a circulating biomarker predictive of response to therapy and indicative of microenvironmental conditions linked to disease progression, such as hypoxia. Continued progress in this exciting and rapidly expanding field of research will be dependent upon widespread adoption of transparent reporting standards and implementation of guidelines to establish a consensus on methods of EV isolation, characterisation and nomenclature employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh P O'Neill
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway H91 YR71, Ireland.
| | - Katie E Gilligan
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway H91 YR71, Ireland.
| | - Róisín M Dwyer
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway H91 YR71, Ireland.
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