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Qin Z, Han Y, Du Y, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Wang R, Wang H, Guo F, Yuan H, Pan Y, Jin J, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Han F, Xu Y, Jiang J. Bioactive materials from berberine-treated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote alveolar bone regeneration by regulating macrophage polarization. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1010-1026. [PMID: 38489007 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Alveolar bone regeneration has been strongly linked to macrophage polarization. M1 macrophages aggravate alveolar bone loss, whereas M2 macrophages reverse this process. Berberine (BBR), a natural alkaloid isolated and refined from Chinese medicinal plants, has shown therapeutic effects in treating metabolic disorders. In this study, we first discovered that culture supernatant (CS) collected from BBR-treated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) ameliorated periodontal alveolar bone loss. CS from the BBR-treated HBMSCs contained bioactive materials that suppressed the M1 polarization and induced the M2 polarization of macrophages in vivo and in vitro. To clarify the underlying mechanism, the bioactive materials were applied to different animal models. We discovered macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which regulates macrophage polarization and promotes bone formation, a key macromolecule in the CS. Injection of pure M-CSF attenuated experimental periodontal alveolar bone loss in rats. Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor or anti-human M-CSF (M-CSF neutralizing antibody, Nab) abolished the therapeutic effects of the CS of BBR-treated HBMSCs. Moreover, AKT phosphorylation in macrophages was activated by the CS, and the AKT activator reversed the negative effect of the CSF1R inhibitor or Nab. These results suggest that the CS of BBR-treated HBMSCs modulates macrophage polarization via the M-CSF/AKT axis. Further studies also showed that CS of BBR-treated HBMSCs accelerated bone formation and M2 polarization in rat teeth extraction sockets. Overall, our findings established an essential role of BBR-treated HBMSCs CS and this might be the first report to show that the products of BBR-treated HBMSCs have active effects on alveolar bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yanxing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yifei Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Gusu school, Nanjing medical university, Suzhou, 215002, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yifeng Bian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ruyu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fanyi Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jianliang Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qigang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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Liu H, Nie H, Shi Y, Lai W, Bian L, Tian L, Li K, Xi Z, Lin B. Oil mistparticulate matter exposure induces hyperlipidemia-related inflammation via microbiota/ SCFAs/GPR43 axis inhibition and TLR4/NF-κB activation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123331. [PMID: 38199482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Metabolites produced by the human gut microbiota play an important role in fighting and intervening in inflammatory diseases. It remains unknown whether immune homeostasis is influenced by increasing concentrations of air pollutants such as oil mist particulate matters (OMPM). Herein, we report that OMPM exposure induces a hyperlipidemia-related phenotype through microbiota dysregulation-mediated downregulation of the anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-GPR43 axis and activation of the inflammatory pathway. A rat model showed that exposure to OMPM promoted visceral and serum lipid accumulation and inflammatory cytokine upregulation. Furthermore, our research indicated a reduction in both the "healthy" microbiome and the production of SCFAs in the intestinal contents following exposure to OMPM. The SCFA receptor GPR43 was downregulated in both the ileum and white adipose tissues (WATs). The OMPM treatment mechanism was as follows: the gut barrier was compromised, leading to increased levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This increase activated the Toll-like receptor 4 Nuclear Factor-κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling pathway in WATs, consequently fueling hyperlipidemia-related inflammation through a positive-feedback circuit. Our findings thus imply that OMPM pollution leads to hyperlipemia-related inflammation through impairing the microbiota-SCFAs-GPR43 pathway and activating the LSP-induced TLR4-NF-κB cascade; our findings also suggest that OMPM pollution is a potential threat to humanmicrobiota dysregulation and the occurrence of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanliang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Huipeng Nie
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Wenqing Lai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Liping Bian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Bencheng Lin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China.
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Wang X, Liang F, Dai Z, Feng X, Qiu F. Combination of Coptis chinensis polysaccharides and berberine ameliorates ulcerative colitis by regulating gut microbiota and activating AhR/IL-22 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117050. [PMID: 37595814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coptis chinensis Franch. polysaccharide (CCP) and berberine (BBR) are the primary active components of Coptis chinensis Franch. BBR is clinically used for the treatment of intestinal infections and gastroenteritis. CCP was also reported to be effective for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, whether CCP combined with BBR shows a synergistic effect on the treatment of UC has not been elucidated yet. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aspired to investigate the therapeutic effect and the possible mechanisms of the combination of CCP with BBR on chronic UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS By periodic administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to C57BL/6J mice, chronic UC model mice were induced. CCP (15 mg/kg), BBR (50 mg/kg), and CCP.BBR (a combination of 15 mg/kg CCP and 50 mg/kg BBR) were orally administered to the model mice for 10 days. Changes of body weight, disease activity index, colon length, organ index, histopathological damage, expression of cytokines, and intestinal tight junction proteins were determined to evaluate the therapeutic effects. 16S rDNA sequencing, targeted short-chain fatty acid metabolomics, qPCR, and western blotting were performed to elucidate the potential mechanism. RESULTS Both CCP and BBR alleviated UC via improving colon pathological damage, inhibiting the inflammatory response, and regulating the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins. The combination of CCP with BBR showed a more substantial therapeutic effect via increasing the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing bacteria, thereby increasing the contents of SCFAs in vivo and activating AhR/IL-22 pathway. CONCLUSION The combination of CCP and BBR showed a synergistic effect on the therapy of chronic UC and the mechanism was associated with regulating gut microbiota and activating AhR/IL-22 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Fengni Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhaoyuan Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xinchi Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Shen HR, Wang ZY, Shen Z, Liu TT, Guo YD, Gao TL, Guo HH, Han YX, Jiang JD. Bacterial butyrate mediates the anti-atherosclerotic effect of silybin. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115916. [PMID: 38000354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Silybin (SIL) is a versatile bioactive compound used for improving liver damage and lipid disorders and is also thought to be beneficial for atherosclerosis (AS). The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of SIL in the treatment of AS in ApoE-/-mice fed a high-fat diet and explore the mechanism underlying treatment outcomes. We found that SIL significantly alleviated AS-related parameters, including the extent of aortic plaque formation, hyperlipidemia, and adhesion molecule secretion in the vascular endothelium. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, together with the application of antibiotics, showed that intestinal butyrate-producing bacteria mediated the ameliorative effect of SIL on AS. Further analysis revealed that SIL facilitated butyrate production by increasing the level of butyryl-CoA: acetate CoA-transferase (BUT). The increased expression of monocarboxylic acid transporter-1 (MCT1) induced by butyrate and MCT4 induced by SIL in the apical and basolateral membranes of colonocytes, respectively, resulted in enhanced absorption of intestinal butyrate into the circulation, leading to the alleviation of arterial endothelium dysfunction. Moreover, the SIL-mediated increase in intestinal butyrate levels restored gut integrity by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins and promoting gut immunity, thus inhibiting the AS-induced inflammatory response. This is the first study to show that SIL can alleviate AS by modulating the production of bacterial butyrate and its subsequent absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tong-Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yun-Dan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tian-Le Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui-Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yan-Xing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Dehau T, Cherlet M, Croubels S, Van De Vliet M, Goossens E, Van Immerseel F. Berberine-microbiota interplay: orchestrating gut health through modulation of the gut microbiota and metabolic transformation into bioactive metabolites. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1281090. [PMID: 38130410 PMCID: PMC10733463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1281090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in plants. It presents a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, despite a low oral bioavailability. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is the target of berberine, and that the microbiota metabolizes berberine to active metabolites, although little evidence exists in the specific species involved in its therapeutic effects. This study was performed to detail the bidirectional interactions of berberine with the broiler chicken gut microbiota, including the regulation of gut microbiota composition and metabolism by berberine and metabolization of berberine by the gut microbiota, and how they contribute to berberine-mediated effects on gut health. As previous evidence showed that high concentrations of berberine may induce dysbiosis, low (0.1 g/kg feed), middle (0.5 g/kg feed) and high (1 g/kg feed) doses were here investigated. Low and middle doses of in-feed berberine stimulated potent beneficial bacteria from the Lachnospiraceae family in the large intestine of chickens, while middle and high doses tended to increase villus length in the small intestine. Plasma levels of the berberine-derived metabolites berberrubine, thalifendine and demethyleneberberine were positively correlated with the villus length of chickens. Berberrubine and thalifendine were the main metabolites of berberine in the caecum, and they were produced in vitro by the caecal microbiota, confirming their microbial origin. We show that members of the genus Blautia could demethylate berberine into mainly thalifendine, and that this reaction may stimulate the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate and butyrate, via acetogenesis and cross-feeding respectively. We hypothesize that acetogens such as Blautia spp. are key bacteria in the metabolization of berberine, and that berberrubine, thalifendine and SCFAs play a significant role in the biological effect of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Dehau
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT) Ghent, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marc Cherlet
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van De Vliet
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evy Goossens
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT) Ghent, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Livestock Gut Health Team (LiGHT) Ghent, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty Of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Cai Y, Yang Q, Yu Y, Yang F, Bai R, Fan X. Efficacy and underlying mechanisms of berberine against lipid metabolic diseases: a review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1283784. [PMID: 38034996 PMCID: PMC10684937 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1283784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-lowering therapy is an important tool for the treatment of lipid metabolic diseases, which are increasing in prevalence. However, the failure of conventional lipid-lowering drugs to achieve the desired efficacy in some patients, and the side-effects of these drug regimens, highlight the urgent need for novel lipid-lowering drugs. The liver and intestine are important in the production and removal of endogenous and exogenous lipids, respectively, and have an important impact on circulating lipid levels. Elevated circulating lipids predisposes an individual to lipid deposition in the vascular wall, affecting vascular function. Berberine (BBR) modulates liver lipid production and clearance by regulating cellular targets such as cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-BI), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). It influences intestinal lipid synthesis and metabolism by modulating gut microbiota composition and metabolism. Finally, BBR maintains vascular function by targeting proteins such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1). This paper elucidates and summarizes the pharmacological mechanisms of berberine in lipid metabolic diseases from a multi-organ (liver, intestine, and vascular system) and multi-target perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Cai
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoning Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiao Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruina Bai
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodi Fan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
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Yang F, Gao R, Luo X, Liu R, Xiong D. Berberine influences multiple diseases by modifying gut microbiota. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1187718. [PMID: 37599699 PMCID: PMC10435753 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1187718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and is commonly found in Coptis chinensis Franch. It has low bioavailability, but it can interact with gut microbiota and affect a variety of diseases. The effects of BBR in diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, liver diseases, intestinal diseases, mental disorders, autoimmune diseases, and other diseases are all thought to be related to gut microbiota. This review systematically and comprehensively summarize these interactions and their effects, and describes the changes of gut microbiota after the intervention of different doses of berberine and its potential clinical consequences, in order to provide a basis for the rational application of BBR in the future clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongmao Gao
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiu Luo
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongan Liu
- Department of ICU, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Daqian Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wang K, Zhou W, Jin X, Shang X, Wu X, Wen L, Li S, Hong Y, Ke J, Xu Y, Yuan H, Hu F. Enhanced brain delivery of hypoxia-sensitive liposomes by hydroxyurea for rescue therapy of hyperacute ischemic stroke. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37377137 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality. Unfortunately, the only FDA-approved pharmacological thrombolytic, alteplase, has a narrow therapeutic window of only 4.5 h. Other drugs like neuroprotective agents have not been clinically used because of their low efficacy. To improve the efficacy of neuroprotective agents and the effectiveness of rescue therapies for hyperacute ischemic stroke, we investigated and verified the variation trends of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and regional cerebral blood flow over 24 h in rats that had ischemic strokes. Hypoperfusion and the biphasic increase of BBB permeability are still the main limiting factors for lesion-specific drug distribution and drug brain penetration. Herein, the nitric oxide donor hydroxyurea (HYD) was reported to downregulate the expression of tight junction proteins and upregulate intracellular nitric oxide content in the brain microvascular endothelial cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, which was shown to facilitate the transport of liposomes across brain endothelial monolayer in an in vitro model. HYD also increased the BBB permeability and promoted microcirculation in the hyperacute phase of stroke. The neutrophil-like cell-membrane-fusogenic hypoxia-sensitive liposomes exhibited excellent performance in targeting the inflamed brain microvascular endothelial cells, enhancing cell association, and promoting rapid hypoxic-responsive release in the hypoxic microenvironment. Overall, the combined HYD and hypoxia-sensitive liposome dosing regimen effectively decreased the cerebral infarction volume and relieved neurological dysfunction in rats that had ischemic strokes; these therapies were involved in the anti-oxidative stress effect and the neurotrophic effect mediated by macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Wentao Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Xiangyu Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Xuwei Shang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Wen
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Sufen Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Yiling Hong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Jia Ke
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Yichong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Hong Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321299, China
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Murakami T, Bodor E, Bodor N. Approaching strategy to increase the oral bioavailability of berberine, a quaternary ammonium isoquinoline alkaloid: Part 2. Development of oral dosage formulations. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:139-148. [PMID: 37060323 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2203858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Berberine (BBR) possesses a wide variety of pharmacological activities. However, the oral bioavailability of BBR is low due to extensive intestinal first-pass metabolism by cytochrome P450s (CYPs), insufficient absorption due to low solubility and P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux transport, and hepatic first-pass metabolism in rats. AREAS COVERED Various dosage formulations were developed to increase the oral bioavailability of BBR by overcoming the reducing factors. This article provides the developing strategy of oral dosage formulations of BBR based on the physicochemical (low solubility, formation of salts/ion-pair complex) and pharmacokinetic properties (substrate of P-gp/CYPs, extensive intestinal first-pass metabolism). Literature was searched by using PubMed. EXPERT OPINION Here, formulations increasing the dissolution rates/solubility; formulations containing a P-gp inhibitor; formulations containing solubilizer exhibiting P-gp and/or CYPs inhibitors; formulations containing absorption enhancers; gastro/duodenal retentive formulations; lipid-based formulations; formulations targeting lymphatic transport; and physicochemical modifications increasing lipophilicity were reviewed. Among these formulations, formulations that can reduce intestinal first-pass metabolisms such as formulations containing CYPs inhibitor(s) and formulations containing absorption enhancer(s) significantly increased the oral bioavailability of BBR. Further studies on other dosing routes that can avoid first-pass metabolism such as the rectal route would also be important to increase the bioavailability of BBR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Bodor
- Bodor Laboratories Inc, Miami, Florida33137, USA
| | - Nicholas Bodor
- Bodor Laboratories Inc, Miami, Florida33137, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, USA
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10
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhao L, Wang F, Li M, Wang Q, Luo H, Zhao Q, Zeng J, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Shen J, Wei S, Xiao Z, Wu X. Chinese herbal medicines for treating ulcerative colitis via regulating gut microbiota-intestinal immunity axis. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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11
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Chen X, Wang Z, Wang D, Kan J. Effects of resistant starch III on the serum lipid levels and gut microbiota of Kunming mice under high-fat diet. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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A High Dose of Dietary Berberine Improves Gut Wall Morphology, Despite an Expansion of Enterobacteriaceae and a Reduction in Beneficial Microbiota in Broiler Chickens. mSystems 2023; 8:e0123922. [PMID: 36719211 PMCID: PMC9948737 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01239-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytogenic products are embraced as alternatives to antimicrobials, and some are known to mitigate intestinal inflammation and ensure optimal gut health and performance in broiler chickens. Dietary inclusion of berberine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid found in plants, is believed to exert gut health-promoting effects through modulation of the gut microbiota; however, there are only a few studies investigating its effects in chickens. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between dietary supplementation of a high concentration of berberine, the gastrointestinal microbiota, and histomorphological parameters in the gut. Berberine was shown to increase villus length and decrease crypt depth and CD3+ T-lymphocyte infiltration in the gut tissue of chickens at different ages. Berberine affected the diversity of the gut microbiota from the jejunum to the colon, both at a compositional and functional level, with larger effects observed in the large intestine. A high concentration of berberine enriched members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and depleted members of the Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae families, as well as tended to reduce butyrate production in the cecum. In vivo results were confirmed by in vitro growth experiments, where increasing concentrations of berberine inhibited the growth of several butyrate-producing strains while not affecting that of Enterobacteriaceae strains. Positive correlations were found between berberine levels in plasma and villus length or villus-to-crypt ratio in the jejunum. Our study showed that berberine supplementation at a high concentration improves chicken gut morphology toward decreased inflammation, which is likely not mediated by the induced gut microbiota shifts. IMPORTANCE Dietary additives are widely used to reduce intestinal inflammation and enteritis, a growing problem in the broiler industry. Berberine, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity, would be an interesting feed additive in this regard. This study investigates for the first time the impact of berberine supplementation on the chicken gastrointestinal microbiota, as a potential mechanism to improve gut health, together with histological effects in the small intestine. This study identified a dose-effect of berberine on the gut microbiota, indicating the importance of finding an optimal dose to be used as a dietary additive.
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Wang Z, Yao W, Sun Y, Han Y, Chen X, Gong P, Zhai P, Pei S, Xie J, Ba Q, Wang H. Eucommia Bark/Leaf Extract Improves Lipid Metabolism Disorders by Affecting Intestinal Microbiota and Microbiome-Host Interaction in HFD Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3297-3314. [PMID: 36753681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Eucommia bark contains many bioactive compounds and has anti-hyperlipidemic effects. However, due to the slow growth rate of the plant, there is a limited supply of this resource. Studies have demonstrated that Eucommia leaves contain active ingredients similar to those of Eucommia bark and also have anti-hyperlipidemic effects. It is not currently clear whether Eucommia leaf can be used as a substitute for Eucommia bark. Furthermore, their mechanism of action for anti-hyperlipidemia by improving the structure of the gut microbiota is also unclear. We aimed to determine the composition of the active ingredients in EBE and ELE by HPLC, establish an HFD-induced hyperlipidemia model, and combine fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments to investigate the mechanism of EBE/ELE anti-hyperlipidemia by modifying the structure of intestinal microbiota, as well as to compare the effects of EBE and ELE. Our results showed that EBE and ELE contained similar active ingredients and significantly alleviated lipid metabolism disorders and blood glucose levels in the HFD-induced hyperlipidemia model. In this study, EBE and ELE significantly reduced the relative abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae and significantly increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae. They also promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and activated the gene expression of the SCFA receptors G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) and GPR43. In addition, EBE and ELE can significantly increase the expression of the fasting-induced adipose factor (Fiaf) gene in the colon and inhibit the secretion of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the liver, thereby inhibiting triglyceride (TG) synthesis. They also significantly activate the expression of GPR41 and GPR43 genes in the epididymal fat tissue, leading to reduced lipid accumulation in adipocytes. These effects on the target genes were associated with changes in the abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Ruminococcaceae bacteria in the intestinal microbiota. Thus, regulating the relative abundance of these microbes may serve as prospective targets for EBE/ELE to influence the Fiaf-LPL gut-liver axis and the SCFAs-GPR41/GPR43 gut-fat axis. In addition, there was no significant difference in the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of ELE and EBE, suggesting that Eucommia leaf may be a suitable alternative to Eucommia bark for managing hyperlipidemia by regulating the structure of the intestinal microbiota. These findings suggest that Eucommia leaves have great potential for development as a functional food with lipid-lowering properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yewen Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pengtao Zhai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shuya Pei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qian Ba
- Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Purwaningsih I, Maksum IP, Sumiarsa D, Sriwidodo S. A Review of Fibraurea tinctoria and Its Component, Berberine, as an Antidiabetic and Antioxidant. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031294. [PMID: 36770960 PMCID: PMC9919506 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia caused by resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, or excessive glucagon production. Numerous studies have linked diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress. People with diabetes usually exhibit high oxidative stress due to persistent and chronic hyperglycemia, which impairs the activity of the antioxidant defense system and promotes the formation of free radicals. Recently, several studies have focused on exploring natural antioxidants to improve diabetes mellitus. Fibraurea tinctoria has long been known as the native Borneo used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. Taxonomically, this plant is part of the Menispermaceae family, widely known for producing various alkaloids. Among them are protoberberine alkaloids such as berberine. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid with many pharmacological activities. Berberine is receiving considerable interest because of its antidiabetic and antioxidant activities, which are based on many biochemical pathways. Therefore, this review explores the pharmacological effects of Fibraurea tinctoria and its active constituent, berberine, against oxidative stress and diabetes, emphasizing its mechanistic aspects. This review also summarizes the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of berberine and in silico studies of berberine in several diseases and its protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indah Purwaningsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Poltekkes Kemenkes Pontianak, Pontianak 78124, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (I.P.M.)
| | - Iman Permana Maksum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (I.P.M.)
| | - Dadan Sumiarsa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sriwidodo Sriwidodo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Ma X, Yan H, Hong S, Yu S, Gong Y, Wu D, Li Y, Xiao H. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Promotes Beige Adipocyte Reconstruction by Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Obese Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020456. [PMID: 36678326 PMCID: PMC9864545 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing prevalence of obesity, the white-to-beige adipocyte conversion has attracted interest as a target for obesity treatment. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment can reduce obesity, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism by which GABA triggers weight loss by improving the beiging of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and the role of gut microbiota in this process. The results showed that GABA reduced body weight and adipose inflammation and promoted the expression of thermogenic genes in the iWAT. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis of gut microbiota showed that GABA treatment increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Akkermansia, and Romboutsia and reduced that of Firmicutes and Erysipelatoclostridium in obese mice. Additionally, serum metabolomic analysis revealed that GABA treatment increased 3-hydroxybutyrate and reduced oxidized lipid levels in obese mice. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that Akkermansia and Romboutsia were negatively associated with the levels of oxidized lipids. Fecal microbiota transplantation analysis confirmed that the gut microbiota was involved in the white-to-beige adipocyte reconstruction by GABA. Overall, our findings suggest that GABA treatment may promote iWAT beiging through the gut microbiota in obese mice. GABA may be utilized to protect obese people against metabolic abnormalities brought on by obesity and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huanhuan Yan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shubin Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yingying Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dide Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence:
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Tong A, Wu W, Chen Z, Wen J, Jia R, Liu B, Cao H, Zhao C. Modulation of gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in rats fed high-fat diets by Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 6:100427. [PMID: 36632433 PMCID: PMC9826932 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids (GP) have been reported to help prevent and improve hyperlipidemia. Modulation of the gut microbiota was proposed as underlying factor as well as a novel measure to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia. The effects of GP on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia and gut microbiota modulation were determined in rats. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF MS-MS) indicated that GP were enriched with ganoderic acids G, B, H, A, and F. After feeding with GP supplementation, serum lipid levels including total triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased in hyperlipidemic rats. Furthermore, administration of GP also has reversed the HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, including a significant increase in Alloprevotella and reduced proportion of Blautia. The result above suggests that GP would be developed as a functional food to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Tong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weihao Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhengxin Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiahui Wen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ruibo Jia
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China,National Engineering Research Center of Juncao, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, 524088, China,Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004, Ourense, Spain,Corresponding author. College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China,College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China,Corresponding author. College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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17
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Luo Z, Li Z, Liang Z, Wang L, He G, Wang D, Shen L, Wang Z, Ma X, Geng F, Wang H, Liu W, Liu H, Li B. Berberine increases stromal production of Wnt molecules and activates Lgr5 + stem cells to promote epithelial restitution in experimental colitis. BMC Biol 2022; 20:287. [PMID: 36528592 PMCID: PMC9759859 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by sustained inflammation and/or ulcers along the lower digestive tract, and have complications such as colorectal cancer and inflammation in other organs. The current treatments for IBDs, which affect 0.3% of the global population, mainly target immune cells and inflammatory cytokines with a success rate of less than 40%. RESULTS Here we show that berberine, a natural plant product, is more effective than the frontline drug sulfasalazine in treating DSS (dextran sulfate sodium)-induced colitis in mice, and that berberine not only suppresses macrophage and granulocyte activation but also promotes epithelial restitution by activating Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Mechanistically, berberine increases the expression of Wnt genes in resident mesenchymal stromal cells, an ISC niche, and inhibiting Wnt secretion diminishes the therapeutic effects of berberine. We further show that berberine controls the expression of many circadian rhythm genes in stromal cells, which in turn regulate the expression of Wnt molecules. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that berberine acts on the resident stromal cells and ISCs to promote epithelial repair in experimental colitis and that Wnt-β-Catenin signaling may be a potential target for colitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecheng Luo
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XInstitute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell Research, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihao Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XInstitute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell Research, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Wang
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XInstitute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell Research, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanlin He
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XInstitute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell Research, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongdi Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengting Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuying Ma
- Good Doctor Pharmaceutical Group of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan China
| | - Funeng Geng
- Good Doctor Pharmaceutical Group of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610000 Sichuan China
| | - Haozhong Wang
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XCollege of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075 China
| | - Wenping Liu
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XCollege of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075 China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baojie Li
- grid.411304.30000 0001 0376 205XInstitute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell Research, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Integrated metabolomics and molecular docking reveal berberrubine inhibits thrombosis by regulating the vitamin K catalytic cycle in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175436. [PMID: 36481237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natural product berberine was reported to inhibit platelet activation and thrombosis by suppressing the class Ⅰ PI3Kβ/Rasa3/Rap1 pathway. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of berberrubine, a main metabolite of berberine, to inhibit thrombus formation. METHODS Carrageenan-induced mouse tail thrombosis model was used to evaluate the effects of berberrubine hydrochloride (BBB) on thrombus formation in vivo. Non-targeted metabolomics was performed with UPLC-Q-TOF/MS to explore the potential mechanisms of BBB in inhibiting thrombosis. The effects of BBB on bleeding risk and prothrombin time were determined. And molecular docking was used to identify the possible target of BBB. RESULTS After oral administration, BBB significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced thrombosis in mice without prolonging bleeding time. The results of non-targeted metabolomics showed that oral BBB could regulate 'Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis' and 'Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis', which is closely related to the vitamin K catalytic cycle. Molecular docking revealed BBB could combine and interact with vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) and γ-Glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), which was mutually confirmed with the experimental results that oral BBB could significantly prolong prothrombin time. CONCLUSIONS Integrated metabolomics and molecular docking reveal BBB inhibited thrombosis by regulating the vitamin K catalytic cycle. Our research is helpful in deeply understanding the antithrombotic material basis of oral berberine, and also could provide scientific evidence for developing new antithrombotic drugs based on BBB in the future.
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Huang H, Tong Y, Fu T, Lin D, Li H, Xu L, Zhang S, Yin Y, Gao Y. Effect of Bining decoction on gouty nephropathy: a network pharmacology analysis and preliminary validation of gut microbiota in a mouse model. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1271. [PMID: 36618800 PMCID: PMC9816844 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background To use network pharmacology and gut microbiota sequencing to investigate the probable mechanism of Bining decoction (BN) in the treatment of gouty nephropathy (GN). Methods Firstly, the mechanism of therapeutic effects of BN on GN were collected by integrating network pharmacology. Secondly, the treatment effects of BN against GN in 30 Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were evaluated by performing biochemical tests [uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine (UA, BUN, and Cr)] and evaluating the renal weight index. Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing was utilized for elucidating the therapeutical effect of BN in GN. Results The results of gut microbiota sequencing analysis showed the abundance of Faecalibaculum, Romboutsia, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia, norank_f__Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus, Dubosiella, norank_f__Muribaculaceae, and Turicibacter in the BN group had a significant changed between-group comparisons. Using a network pharmacology-related database, 413 active components of BN were identified, as well as 1,085 GN-associated targets. The 118 targets of disease targets and component targets were mapped, of which the top 10 genes were selected. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) results showed that 157 pathways were enriched, which was partially consistent with the metabolic pathways of gut microbiota sequencing analysis. Conclusions Combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing and network pharmacology analysis, similar signaling pathways were followed: "Pathways in cancer" and "Adipocytokine signaling pathway". The results reveal that BN increases the abundance of Turicibacter, regulates the expression of JAK2 in the JAK/STAT pathway, increases the beneficial bacteria Turicibacter associated with intestinal butyric acid, which could enhance the intestinal barrier, and exert anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Huang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Fu
- School of Arts and Sciences, Brandeis University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danmei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Mudanjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Hansheng Li
- Department of Discipline Inspection and Supervision, Mudanjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Senyue Zhang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yanzhe Yin
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yiran Gao
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Berberine ameliorates chronic kidney disease through inhibiting the production of gut-derived uremic toxins in the gut microbiota. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1537-1553. [PMID: 37139409 PMCID: PMC10149897 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, clinical interventions for chronic kidney disease are very limited, and most patients rely on dialysis to sustain their lives for a long time. However, studies on the gut-kidney axis have shown that the gut microbiota is a potentially effective target for correcting or controlling chronic kidney disease. This study showed that berberine, a natural drug with low oral availability, significantly ameliorated chronic kidney disease by altering the composition of the gut microbiota and inhibiting the production of gut-derived uremic toxins, including p-cresol. Furthermore, berberine reduced the content of p-cresol sulfate in plasma mainly by lowering the abundance of g_Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and inhibiting the tyrosine-p-cresol pathway of the intestinal flora. Meanwhile, berberine increased the butyric acid producing bacteria and the butyric acid content in feces, while decreased the renal toxic trimethylamine N-oxide. These findings suggest that berberine may be a therapeutic drug with significant potential to ameliorate chronic kidney disease through the gut-kidney axis.
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Yang XY, Yu H, Fu J, Guo HH, Han P, Ma SR, Pan LB, Zhang ZW, Xu H, Hu JC, Zhang HJ, Bu MM, Zhang XF, Yang W, Wang JY, Jin JY, Zhang HC, Li DR, Lu JY, Lin Y, Jiang JD, Tong Q, Wang Y. Hydroxyurea ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice by potentially modulating Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein through the gut microbiota. Theranostics 2022; 12:7775-7787. [PMID: 36451858 PMCID: PMC9706578 DOI: 10.7150/thno.76805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The efficacy and mechanism of hydroxyurea in the treatment of atherosclerosis have rarely been reported. The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of hydroxyurea in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice against atherosclerosis and examine the possible mechanism underlying treatment outcomes. Methods: ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet for 1 month and then administered hydroxyurea by gavage continuously for 2 months. Aortic root hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and oil red O staining were used to verify the efficacy of hydroxyurea; biochemical methods and ELISA were used to detect changes in relevant metabolites in serum. 16S rRNA was used to detect composition changes in the intestinal bacterial community of animals after treatment with hydroxyurea. Metabolomics methods were used to identify fecal metabolites and their changes. Immunohistochemical staining and ELISA were used for the localization and quantification of intestinal NPC1L1. Results: We showed that aortic root HE staining and oil red O staining determined the therapeutic efficacy of hydroxyurea in the treatment of atherosclerosis in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice. Serological tests verified the ability of hydroxyurea to lower total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. The gut microbiota was significantly altered after HU treatment and was significantly different from that after antiplatelet and statin therapy. Meanwhile, a metabolomic study revealed that metabolites, including stearic acid, palmitic acid and cholesterol, were significantly enriched in mouse feces. Further histological and ELISAs verified that the protein responsible for intestinal absorption of cholesterol in mice, NPC1L1, was significantly reduced after hydroxyurea treatment. Conclusions: In high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice, hydroxyurea effectively treated atherosclerosis, lowered serum cholesterol, modulated the gut microbiota at multiple levels and affected cholesterol absorption by reducing NPC1L1 in small intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Yang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui-Hui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shu-Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jia-Chun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hao-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meng-Meng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xian-Feng Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wei Yang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jing-Yue Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jing-Yu Jin
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hui-Cong Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dong-Rui Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jin-Yue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Y. Wang (+86-10-63165238, ) or, Q. Tong (+86-13074337289, ) or, J-D. Jiang (+86-10-63017906, ) or, L. Yuan (+86-13720009342, )
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Y. Wang (+86-10-63165238, ) or, Q. Tong (+86-13074337289, ) or, J-D. Jiang (+86-10-63017906, ) or, L. Yuan (+86-13720009342, )
| | - Qian Tong
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Y. Wang (+86-10-63165238, ) or, Q. Tong (+86-13074337289, ) or, J-D. Jiang (+86-10-63017906, ) or, L. Yuan (+86-13720009342, )
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Y. Wang (+86-10-63165238, ) or, Q. Tong (+86-13074337289, ) or, J-D. Jiang (+86-10-63017906, ) or, L. Yuan (+86-13720009342, )
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22
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Lin P, Wang Q, Chen J, Zhao H, Huang H, Xiao Q, Qin Z, Chen J, Yao X, Yao Z. Kinetic features of Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction, a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, in rat plasma and intestine content based on its metabolic profile. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Khoshandam A, Imenshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Pharmacokinetic of berberine, the main constituent of Berberis vulgaris L.: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4063-4079. [PMID: 36221815 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) is a medicinal plant and its main constituent is an isoquinoline alkaloid named berberine that has multiple pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-microbial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, anti-diabetes, anti-dyslipidemia, and anti-obesity. However, it has restricted clinical uses due to its very poor solubility and bioavailability (less than 1%). It undergoes demethylenation, reduction, and cleavage of the dioxymethylene group in the first phase of metabolism. Its phase two reactions include glucuronidation, sulfation, and methylation. The liver is the main site for berberine distribution. Berberine could excrete in feces, urine, and bile. Fecal excretion of berberine (11-23%) is higher than urinary and biliary excretion routes. However, a major berberine metabolite is excreted in urine greater than in feces. Concomitant administration of berberine with other drugs such as metformin, cyclosporine A, digoxin, etc. may result in important interactions. Thus, in this review, we gathered and dissected any related animal and human research articles regarding the pharmacokinetic parameters of berberine including bioavailability, metabolism, distribution, excretion, and drug-drug interactions. Also, we discussed and gathered various animal and human studies regarding the developed products of berberine with better bioavailability and consequently, better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Khoshandam
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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24
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Khan F, Khan H, Khan A, Yamasaki M, Moustaid-Moussa N, Al-Harrasi A, Rahman SM. Autophagy in adipogenesis: Molecular mechanisms and regulation by bioactive compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113715. [PMID: 36152415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue expands rapidly due to increased adipocyte number (hyperplasia) and size (hypertrophy), which results in obesity. Adipogenesis is a process of the formation of mature adipocytes from precursor cells. Additionally, obesity-related metabolic complications, such as fatty liver and insulin resistance, are linked to adipogenesis. On the contrary, autophagy is a catabolic process; essential to maintain cellular homeostasis via the degradation or recycling of unnecessary or damaged components. Importantly, autophagy dictates obesity and adipogenesis. Hence, a clear understanding of how autophagy regulates adipogenesis is crucial for drug development and the prevention and treatment of obesity and its associated disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. In this review, we highlighted recent findings regarding the crosstalk between adipogenesis and autophagy, as well as the molecules involved. Furthermore, the review discussed how bioactive compounds regulate adipogenesis by manipulating autophagy and underlying molecular mechanisms. Based on in vitro and animal studies, we summarized the effects of bioactive compounds on adipogenesis and autophagy. Hence, human studies are necessary to validate the effectiveness and optimal dosage of these bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizullah Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman; Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Masao Yamasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Texas Tech University, Nutritional Sciences, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Shaikh Mizanoor Rahman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman.
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25
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Wang H, Zhang H, Gao Z, Zhang Q, Gu C. The mechanism of berberine alleviating metabolic disorder based on gut microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:854885. [PMID: 36093200 PMCID: PMC9452888 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.854885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With socioeconomic advances and improved living standards, metabolic syndrome has increasingly come into the attention. In recent decades, a growing number of studies have shown that the gut microbiome and its metabolites are closely related to the occurrence and development of many metabolic diseases, and play an important role that cannot be ignored, for instance, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease and others. The correlation between gut microbiota and metabolic disorder has been widely recognized. Metabolic disorder could cause imbalance in gut microbiota, and disturbance of gut microbiota could aggravate metabolic disorder as well. Berberine (BBR), as a natural ingredient, plays an important role in the treatment of metabolic disorder. Studies have shown that BBR can alleviate the pathological conditions of metabolic disorders, and the mechanism is related to the regulation of gut microbiota: gut microbiota could regulate the absorption and utilization of berberine in the body; meanwhile, the structure and function of gut microbiota also changed after intervention by berberine. Therefore, we summarize relevant mechanism research, including the expressions of nitroreductases-producing bacteria to promote the absorption and utilization of berberine, strengthening intestinal barrier function, ameliorating inflammation regulating bile acid signal pathway and axis of bacteria-gut-brain. The aim of our study is to clarify the therapeutic characteristics of berberine further and provide the theoretical basis for the regulation of metabolic disorder from the perspective of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengjuan Gu
- Shenzhen Hospital (Futian), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chengjuan Gu,
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26
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Ongtanasup T, Prommee N, Jampa O, Limcharoen T, Wanmasae S, Nissapatorn V, Paul AK, Pereira MDL, Wilairatana P, Nasongkla N, Eawsakul K. The Cholesterol-Modulating Effect of the New Herbal Medicinal Recipe from Yellow Vine ( Coscinium fenestratum (Goetgh.)), Ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe.), and Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) on Suppressing PCSK9 Expression to Upregulate LDLR Expression in HepG2 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1835. [PMID: 35890469 PMCID: PMC9318486 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PCSK9 is a promising target for developing novel cholesterol-lowering drugs. We developed a recipe that combined molecular docking, GC-MS/MS, and real-time PCR to identify potential PCSK9 inhibitors for herb ratio determination. Three herbs, Carthamus tinctorius, Coscinium fenestratum, and Zingiber officinale, were used in this study. This work aimed to evaluate cholesterol-lowering through a PCSK9 inhibitory mechanism of these three herbs for defining a suitable ratio. Chemical constituents were identified using GC-MS/MS. The PCSK9 inhibitory potential of the compounds was determined using molecular docking, real-time PCR, and Oil red O staining. It has been shown that most of the active compounds of C. fenestratum and Z. officinale inhibit PCSK9 when extracted with water, and C. fenestratum has been shown to yield tetraacetyl-d-xylonic nitrile (27.92%) and inositol, 1-deoxy-(24.89%). These compounds could inhibit PCSK9 through the binding of 6 and 5 hydrogen bonds, respectively, while the active compound in Z. officinale is 2-Formyl-9-[.beta.-d-ribofuranosyl] hypoxanthine (4.37%) inhibits PCSK9 by forming 8 hydrogen bonds. These results suggest that a recipe comprising three parts C. fenestratum, two parts Z. officinale, and one part C. tinctorius is a suitable herbal ratio for reducing lipid levels in the bloodstream through a PCSK9 inhibitory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassanee Ongtanasup
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.O.); (T.L.)
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; or
| | - Nuntika Prommee
- Division of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Onkamon Jampa
- Tak Community College, Nong Bua Tai 63000, Thailand;
| | - Thanchanok Limcharoen
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.O.); (T.L.)
| | - Smith Wanmasae
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; or
- School of Allied Health Sciences, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Norased Nasongkla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Komgrit Eawsakul
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (T.O.); (T.L.)
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; or
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27
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Ma SR, Tong Q, Lin Y, Pan LB, Fu J, Peng R, Zhang XF, Zhao ZX, Li Y, Yu JB, Cong L, Han P, Zhang ZW, Yu H, Wang Y, Jiang JD. Berberine treats atherosclerosis via a vitamine-like effect down-regulating Choline-TMA-TMAO production pathway in gut microbiota. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:207. [PMID: 35794102 PMCID: PMC9259588 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) derived from the gut microbiota is an atherogenic metabolite. This study investigates whether or not berberine (BBR) could reduce TMAO production in the gut microbiota and treat atherosclerosis. Effects of BBR on TMAO production in the gut microbiota, as well as on plaque development in atherosclerosis were investigated in the culture of animal intestinal bacterial, HFD-fed animals and atherosclerotic patients, respectively. We found that oral BBR in animals lowers TMAO biosynthesis in intestine through interacting with the enzyme/co-enzyme of choline-trimethylamine lyase (CutC) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) in the gut microbiota. This action was performed by BBR’s metabolite dihydroberberine (a reductive BBR by nitroreductase in the gut microbiota), via a vitamine-like effect down-regulating Choline-TMA-TMAO production pathway. Oral BBR decreased TMAO production in animal intestine, lowered blood TMAO and interrupted plaque formation in blood vessels in the HFD-fed hamsters. Moreover, 21 patients with atherosclerosis exhibited the average decrease of plaque score by 3.2% after oral BBR (0.5 g, bid) for 4 months (*P < 0.05, n = 21); whereas the plaque score in patients treated with rosuvastatin plus aspirin, or clopidogrel sulfate or ticagrelor (4 months, n = 12) increased by 1.9%. TMA and TMAO in patients decreased by 38 and 29% in faeces (*P < 0.05; *P < 0.05), and 37 and 35% in plasma (***P < 0.001; *P < 0.05), after 4 months on BBR. BBR might treat atherosclerotic plaque at least partially through decreasing TMAO in a mode of action similar to that of vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Tong
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhen-Xiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin-Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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28
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Guo J, Xu Y, Chen LJ, Zhang SX, Liou YL, Chen XP, Tan ZR, Zhou HH, Zhang W, Chen Y. Gut microbiota and host Cyp450s co-contribute to pharmacokinetic variability in mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Effects vary from drug to drug. J Adv Res 2022; 39:319-332. [PMID: 35777915 PMCID: PMC9263650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs’ pharmacokinetics were changed in NASH disease. A systematical research on cocktail drugs in NASH. Gut microbiota can bio-transform some drugs in vitro, and the metabolic rate was different in NASH. The gut microbiota and the host co-contributed the pharmacokinetic variability of drugs in NASH. The degree of influence on pharmacokinetic variability varies from drug to drug.
Introduction Pharmacokinetic variability in disease state is common in clinical practice, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Recently, gut microbiota has been considered to be pharmacokinetically equivalent to the host liver. Although some studies have explored the roles of gut microbiota and host Cyp450s in drug pharmacokinetics, few have explored their effects on pharmacokinetic variability, especially in disease states. Objectives In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of gut microbiota and host Cyp450s on pharmacokinetic variability in mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and to elucidate the contribution of gut microbiota and host Cyp450s to pharmacokinetic variability in this setting. Methods The pharmacokinetic variability of mice with NASH was explored under intragastric and intravenous administrations of a cocktail mixture of omeprazole, phenacetin, midazolam, tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone, and metoprolol, after which the results were compared with those obtained from the control group. Thereafter, the pharmacokinetic variabilities of all drugs and their relations to the changes in gut microbiota and host Cyp450s were compared and analyzed. Results The exposures of all drugs, except metoprolol, significantly increased in the NASH group under intragastric administration. However, no significant increase in the exposure of all drugs, except tolbutamide, was observed in the NASH group under intravenous administration. The pharmacokinetic variabilities of phenacetin, midazolam, omeprazole, and chlorzoxazone were mainly associated with decreased elimination activity in the gut microbiota. By contrast, the pharmacokinetic variability of tolbutamide was mainly related to the change in the host Cyp2c65. Notably, gut microbiota and host Cyp450s exerted minimal effects on the pharmacokinetic variability of metoprolol. Conclusion Gut microbiota and host Cyp450s co-contribute to the pharmacokinetic variability in mice with NASH, and the degree of contribution varies from drug to drug. The present findings provide new insights into the explanation of pharmacokinetic variability in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Jie Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Song-Xia Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Ligh Liou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Effect of Berberine Hydrochloride on the Diversity of Intestinal Flora in Parkinson's Disease Patients. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:8381870. [PMID: 35685661 PMCID: PMC9170458 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8381870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of berberine hydrochloride on the diversity of intestinal flora in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Prospectively selected 68 PD patients, admitted to our hospital from April 2021 to June 2021, were randomly assigned to an observation group and a control group (n = 34 per group). Patients in the control group were given conventional treatment in accordance with Parkinson's diagnosis and treatment guidelines. Patients in the observation group were administered berberine hydrochloride besides the treatment in the control group. After continuous treatment for 3 months, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to determine interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. High-throughput sequencing technology was employed to perform DNA sequencing on the 16S rRNA genes of all bacteria in stool samples before and after treatment in the two groups to analyze the distribution of intestinal flora. After treatment, the levels of IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α were lower in the observation group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Regarding intestinal flora, the Chao index, Ace index, and Shannon index were higher in the observation group than those in the control group. The Simpson index was lower in the observation group than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The principal component analysis chart analysis exhibited that the overall structure of the intestinal flora was quite different between the observation and the control groups after treatment. Berberine hydrochloride can improve the disorder of intestinal flora in PD patients and suppress the expression of inflammatory factors.
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Liu W, Luo Z, Zhou J, Sun B. Gut Microbiota and Antidiabetic Drugs: Perspectives of Personalized Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:853771. [PMID: 35711668 PMCID: PMC9194476 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.853771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Emerging studies show that prescribed antidiabetic drugs distort the gut microbiota signature associated with T2DM. Even more importantly, accumulated evidence provides support for the notion that gut microbiota, in turn, mediates the efficacy and safety of antidiabetic drugs. In this review, we highlight the current state-of-the-art knowledge on the crosstalk and interactions between gut microbiota and antidiabetic drugs, including metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, traditional Chinese medicines and other antidiabetic drugs, as well as address corresponding microbial-based therapeutics, aiming to provide novel preventative strategies and personalized therapeutic targets in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiying Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiecan Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Bao Sun,
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31
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Ni SJ, Yao ZY, Wei X, Heng X, Qu SY, Zhao X, Qi YY, Ge PY, Xu CP, Yang NY, Cao Y, Zhu HX, Guo R, Zhang QC. Vagus nerve stimulated by microbiota-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the regulation of berberine on microglia in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2964-2981. [PMID: 35583808 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Amelioration of neuroinflammation via modulating microglia is a promising approach for cerebral ischemia therapy. The aim of the present study was to explore gut-brain axis signals in berberine-modulating microglia polarization following cerebral ischemia. The potential pathway was determined through analyzing the activation of the vagus nerve, hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) metabolism, and cysteine persulfides of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor. The cerebral microenvironment feature was explored with a metabolomics assay. The data indicated that berberine ameliorated behavioral deficiency in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rats through modulating microglia polarization and neuroinflammation depending on microbiota. Enhanced vagus nerve activity following berberine treatment was blocked by antibiotic cocktails, capsazepine, or sodium molybdate, respectively. Berberine-induced H2 S production was responsible for vagus nerve stimulation achieved through assimilatory and dissimilatory sulfate reduction with increased synthetic enzymes. Sulfation of the TRPV1 receptor resulted in vagus nerve activation and promoted the c-fos and ChAT in the nucleus tractus solitaries with berberine. Sphingolipid metabolism is the primary metabolic characteristic with berberine in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebral spinal fluid disrupted by antibiotics. Berberine, in conclusion, modulates microglia polarization in a microbiota-dependent manner. H2 S stimulates the vagus nerve through TRPV1 is responsible for the berberine-induced gut-brain axis signal transmission. Sphingolipid metabolism might mediate the neuroinflammation amelioration following vagus afferent fiber activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Jia Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeng-Ying Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Heng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Yue Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Yu Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping-Yuan Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai-Ping Xu
- Nanjing Sinolife Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Nian-Yun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Institute of Literature in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua-Xu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Chun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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32
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Liu X, Wang L, Tan S, Chen Z, Wu B, Wu X. Therapeutic Effects of Berberine on Liver Fibrosis are associated With Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Flora. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:814871. [PMID: 35308208 PMCID: PMC8924518 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.814871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a form of liver fibrosis resulting from chronic hepatitis caused by various liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver damage, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, autoimmune liver disease, and by parasitic diseases such as schistosomiasis. Liver fibrosis is the common pathological base and precursors of cirrhosis. Inflammation and disorders of lipid metabolism are key drivers in liver fibrosis. Studies have determined that parts of the arachidonic acid pathway, such as its metabolic enzymes and biologically active products, are hallmarks of inflammation, and that aberrant peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-mediated regulation causes disorders of lipid metabolism. However, despite the ongoing research focus on delineating the mechanisms of liver fibrosis that underpin various chronic liver diseases, effective clinical treatments have yet to be developed. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid with multiple biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. Many studies have also found that BBR acts via multiple pathways to alleviate liver fibrosis. Furthermore, the absorption of BBR is increased by nitroreductase-containing intestinal flora, and is strengthened via crosstalk with bile acid metabolism. This improves the oral bioavailability of BBR, thereby enhancing its clinical utility. The production of butyrate by intestinal anaerobic bacteria is dramatically increased by BBR, thereby amplifying butyrate-mediated alleviation of liver fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the effects of BBR on liver fibrosis and lipid metabolism, particularly the metabolism of arachidonic acid, and highlight the potential mechanisms by which BBR relieves liver fibrosis through lipid metabolism related and intestinal flora related pathways. We hope that this review will provide insights on the BBR-based treatment of liver cirrhosis and related research in this area, and we encourage further studies that increase the ability of BBR to enhance liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zebin Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
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33
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An N, Zhang G, Li Y, Yuan C, Yang F, Zhang L, Gao Y, Xing Y. Promising Antioxidative Effect of Berberine in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865353. [PMID: 35321323 PMCID: PMC8936808 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), an important quaternary benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for over 3,000 years. BBR has been shown in both traditional and modern medicine to have a wide range of pharmacological actions, including hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The unregulated reaction chain induced by oxidative stress as a crucial mechanism result in myocardial damage, which is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Numerous researches have established that BBR protects myocardium and may be beneficial in the treatment of CVDs. Given that the pivotal role of oxidative stress in CVDs, the pharmacological effects of BBR in the treatment and/or management of CVDs have strongly attracted the attention of scholars. Therefore, this review sums up the prevention and treatment mechanisms of BBR in CVDs from in vitro, in vivo, and finally to the clinical field trials timely. We summarized the antioxidant stress of BBR in the management of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion; it also analyzes the pathogenesis of oxidative stress in arrhythmia and heart failure and the therapeutic effects of BBR. In short, BBR is a hopeful drug candidate for the treatment of CVDs, which can intervene in the process of CVDs from multiple angles and different aspects. Therefore, if we want to apply it to the clinic on a large scale, more comprehensive, intensive, and detailed researches are needed to be carried out to clarify the molecular mechanism and targets of BBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na An
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjian Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Dezhou Second People’s Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lijing Zhang, ; Yonghong Gao, ; Yanwei Xing,
| | - Yonghong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lijing Zhang, ; Yonghong Gao, ; Yanwei Xing,
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lijing Zhang, ; Yonghong Gao, ; Yanwei Xing,
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Zhang ZW, Gao CS, Zhang H, Yang J, Wang YP, Pan LB, Yu H, He CY, Luo HB, Zhao ZX, Zhou XB, Wang YL, Fu J, Han P, Dong YH, Wang G, Li S, Wang Y, Jiang JD, Zhong W. Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides increase serotonin in the brain and ameliorate depression via promoting 5-hydroxytryptophan production in the gut microbiota. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3298-3312. [PMID: 35967282 PMCID: PMC9366226 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Gao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chi-Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Zhen-Xiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xin-Bo Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yu-Li Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu-Hui Dong
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Song Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Wu Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing 100000, China
- Corresponding authors.
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35
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Shou JW, Shaw PC. Therapeutic Efficacies of Berberine against Neurological Disorders: An Update of Pharmacological Effects and Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050796. [PMID: 35269418 PMCID: PMC8909195 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are ranked as the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide, underscoring an urgent necessity to develop novel pharmacotherapies. Berberine (BBR) is a well-known phytochemical isolated from a number of medicinal herbs. BBR has attracted much interest for its broad range of pharmacological actions in treating and/or managing neurological disorders. The discoveries in basic and clinical studies of the effects of BBR on neurological disorders in the last decade have provided novel evidence to support the potential therapeutical efficacies of BBR in treating neurological diseases. In this review, we summarized the pharmacological properties and therapeutic applications of BBR against neurological disorders in the last decade. We also emphasized the major pathways modulated by BBR, which provides firm evidence for BBR as a promising drug candidate for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Shou
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852852, China;
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852852, China;
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852852, China
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants and Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 852852, China
- Correspondence:
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36
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Shehata AA, Yalçın S, Latorre JD, Basiouni S, Attia YA, Abd El-Wahab A, Visscher C, El-Seedi HR, Huber C, Hafez HM, Eisenreich W, Tellez-Isaias G. Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Phytogenic Substances for Optimizing Gut Health in Poultry. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020395. [PMID: 35208851 PMCID: PMC8877156 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been designated as a hidden metabolic ‘organ’ because of its enormous impact on host metabolism, physiology, nutrition, and immune function. The connection between the intestinal microbiota and their respective host animals is dynamic and, in general, mutually beneficial. This complicated interaction is seen as a determinant of health and disease; thus, intestinal dysbiosis is linked with several metabolic diseases. Therefore, tractable strategies targeting the regulation of intestinal microbiota can control several diseases that are closely related to inflammatory and metabolic disorders. As a result, animal health and performance are improved. One of these strategies is related to dietary supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and phytogenic substances. These supplements exert their effects indirectly through manipulation of gut microbiota quality and improvement in intestinal epithelial barrier. Several phytogenic substances, such as berberine, resveratrol, curcumin, carvacrol, thymol, isoflavones and hydrolyzed fibers, have been identified as potential supplements that may also act as welcome means to reduce the usage of antibiotics in feedstock, including poultry farming, through manipulation of the gut microbiome. In addition, these compounds may improve the integrity of tight junctions by controlling tight junction-related proteins and inflammatory signaling pathways in the host animals. In this review, we discuss the role of probiotics, prebiotics, and phytogenic substances in optimizing gut function in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad A. Shehata
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, 56290 Gödenroth, Germany
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.S.); (G.T.-I.)
| | - Sakine Yalçın
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University (AU), 06110 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Shereen Basiouni
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Youssef A. Attia
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (A.A.E.-W.); (C.V.)
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (A.A.E.-W.); (C.V.)
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Biomedical Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE 75124 Uppsala, Sweden;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Claudia Huber
- Bavarian NMR Center, Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbegstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; (C.H.); (W.E.)
| | - Hafez M. Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Bavarian NMR Center, Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbegstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; (C.H.); (W.E.)
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
- Correspondence: (A.A.S.); (G.T.-I.)
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Wang Z, Wu F, Zhou Q, Qiu Y, Zhang J, Tu Q, Zhou Z, Shao Y, Xu S, Wang Y, Tao J. Berberine Improves Vascular Dysfunction by Inhibiting Trimethylamine-N-oxide via Regulating the Gut Microbiota in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertensive Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:814855. [PMID: 35350612 PMCID: PMC8957906 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.814855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) has been demonstrated to exert cardiovascular protective effects by regulating gut microbiota. However, few studies examine the effect of BBR on the gut microbiota in hypertension. This study aims to investigate the role of BBR in regulating microbial alterations and vascular function in hypertension. C57BL/6 J mice were infused with Ang II (0.8 mg/kg/day) via osmotic minipumps and treated with BBR (150 mg/kg/day) or choline (1%) for 4 weeks. Blood pressure was detected by tail-cuff measurement once a week. Abdominal aorta pulse wave velocity (PWV) and endothelium dependent vasodilatation were measured to evaluate vascular function. Vascular remodeling was assessed by histological staining of aortic tissue. The fecal microbiota was profiled using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Plasma trimethylamine (TMA)/trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and hepatic FMO3 expression were measured. We found that BBR treatment significantly alleviated the elevated blood pressure, vascular dysfunction, and pathological remodeling in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice, while choline treatment aggravated hypertension-related vascular dysfunction. 16S rDNA gene sequencing results showed that BBR treatment altered gut microbiota composition (reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and increased the abundances of Lactobacillus). Moreover, BBR inhibited FMO3 expression and plasma TMA/TMAO production in hypertensive mice. TMAO treatment increased the apoptosis and oxidative stress of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and aggravated Ang II-induced HAECs dysfunction in vitro. These results indicate that the protective effect of BBR in hypertension might be attributed (at least partially) to the inhibition of TMAO production via regulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianbing Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Qiu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Shao
- Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyue Xu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Shiyue Xu,
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Yan Wang,
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National-Guangdong Joint Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Tao,
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Lin H, Zhao J, Liu Z, Liu Z, Lin Z. Efficacy of Panax ginseng supplementation on androgen deficiency rats via metabolomics and gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Zhang ZW, Cong L, Peng R, Han P, Ma SR, Pan LB, Fu J, Yu H, Wang Y, Jiang JD. Transformation of berberine to its demethylated metabolites by the CYP51 enzyme in the gut microbiota. J Pharm Anal 2021; 11:628-637. [PMID: 34765276 PMCID: PMC8572679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Coptis chinensis that improves diabetes, hyperlipidemia and inflammation. Due to the low oral bioavailability of BBR, its mechanism of action is closely related to the gut microbiota. This study focused on the CYP51 enzyme of intestinal bacteria to elucidate a new mechanism of BBR transformation by demethylation in the gut microbiota through multiple analytical techniques. First, the docking of BBR and CYP51 was performed; then, the pharmacokinetics of BBR was determined in ICR mice in vivo, and the metabolism of BBR in the liver, kidney, gut microbiota and single bacterial strains was examined in vitro. Moreover, 16S rRNA analysis of ICR mouse feces indicated the relationship between BBR and the gut microbiota. Finally, recombinant E. coli containing cyp51 gene was constructed and the CYP51 enzyme lysate was induced to express. The metabolic characteristics of BBR were analyzed in the CYP51 enzyme lysate system. The results showed that CYP51 in the gut microbiota could bind stably with BBR, and the addition of voriconazole (a specific inhibitor of CYP51) slowed down the metabolism of BBR, which prevented the production of the demethylated metabolites thalifendine and berberrubine. This study demonstrated that CYP51 promoted the demethylation of BBR and enhanced its intestinal absorption, providing a new method for studying the metabolic transformation mechanism of isoquinoline alkaloids in vivo. The demethylation metabolism of natural drugs difficult to absorb through the gut microbiota was first reported. Six different methods were presented to explain the metabolic mechanism of natural isoquinoline alkaloids. The findings provided a new idea for studying the mechanism of drug metabolism of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lin Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ran Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Pei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shu-Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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Berberine alleviates visceral hypersensitivity in rats by altering gut microbiome and suppressing spinal microglial activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1821-1833. [PMID: 33558654 PMCID: PMC8563748 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that agents targeting gut dysbiosis are effective for improving symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the potential mechanisms remain unclear. In this study we investigated the effects of berberine on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in two rat models of visceral hypersensitivity, i.e., specific pathogen-free SD rats subjected to chronic water avoidance stress (WAS) and treated with berberine (200 mg· kg-1 ·d-1, ig, for 10 days) as well as germ-free (GF) rats subjected to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from a patient with IBS (designated IBS-FMT) and treated with berberine (200 mg· kg-1 ·d-1, ig, for 2 weeks). Before the rats were sacrificed, visceral sensation and depressive behaviors were evaluated. Then colonic tryptase was measured and microglial activation in the dorsal lumbar spinal cord was assessed. The fecal microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured. We showed that berberine treatment significantly alleviated chronic WAS-induced visceral hypersensitivity and activation of colonic mast cells and microglia in the dorsal lumbar spinal cord. Transfer of fecal samples from berberine-treated stressed donors to GF rats protected against acute WAS. FMT from a patient with IBS induced visceral hypersensitivity and pro-inflammatory phenotype in microglia, while berberine treatment reversed the microglial activation and altered microbial composition and function and SCFA profiles in stools of IBS-FMT rats. We demonstrated that berberine did not directly influence LPS-induced microglial activation in vitro. In both models, several SCFA-producing genera were enriched by berberine treatment, and positively correlated to the morphological parameters of microglia. In conclusion, activation of microglia in the dorsal lumbar spinal cord was involved in the pathogenesis of IBS caused by dysregulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and the berberine-altered gut microbiome mediated the modulatory effects of the agent on microglial activation and visceral hypersensitivity, providing a potential option for the treatment of IBS.
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Interactions between gut microbiota and berberine, a necessary procedure to understand the mechanisms of berberine. J Pharm Anal 2021; 12:541-555. [PMID: 36105164 PMCID: PMC9463479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has been found in many plants, such as Coptis chinensis Franch and Phellodendron chinense Schneid. Although BBR has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, its oral bioavailability is extremely low. In recent years, gut microbiota has emerged as a cynosure to understand the mechanisms of action of herbal compounds. Numerous studies have demonstrated that due to its low bioavailability, BBR can interact with the gut microbiota, thereby exhibiting altered pharmacological effects. However, no systematic and comprehensive review has summarized these interactions and their corresponding influences on pharmacological effects. Here, we describe the direct interactive relationships between BBR and gut microbiota, including regulation of gut microbiota composition and metabolism by BBR and metabolization of BBR by gut microbiota. In addition, the complex interactions between gut microbiota and BBR as well as the side effects and personalized use of BBR are discussed. Furthermore, we provide our viewpoint on future research directions regarding BBR and gut microbiota. This review not only helps to explain the mechanisms underlying BBR activity but also provides support for the rational use of BBR in clinical practice. Low bioavailability enables interactions between berberine and the gut microbiota. Berberine can shape the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota can metabolize and transform berberine. Personalized use of berberine can reduce the occurrence of side effects.
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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacological Activities of Berberine in Diabetes Mellitus Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9987097. [PMID: 34471420 PMCID: PMC8405293 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9987097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has good clinical application prospects in diabetes treatment. In addition, TCM is less toxic and/or has fewer side effects and provides various therapeutic effects. Berberine (BBR) is isolated as the main component in many TCM kinds (e.g., Rhizoma Coptidis and Berberidis Cortex). Furthermore, BBR can reduce blood sugar and blood fat, alleviate inflammation, and improve the state of patients. Based on the recent study results of BBR in diabetes treatment, the BBR pharmacokinetics and mechanism on diabetes are mainly studied, and the specific molecular mechanism of related experimental BBR is systematically summarized and analyzed. Clinical studies have proved that BBR has a good therapeutic effect on diabetes, suggesting that BBR may be a promising drug candidate for diabetes. More detailed BBR mechanisms and pathways of BBR need to be studied further in depth, which will help understand the BBR pharmacology in diabetes treatment.
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Li C, Dong N, Wu B, Mo Z, Xie J, Lu Q. Dihydroberberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, exhibits protective effect against dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153631. [PMID: 34253428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a chronic inflammatory disease, ulcerative colitis (UC) is relevant to a rising risk of colorectal cancer. Dihydroberberine (DHBB), a natural occurring isoquinoline alkaloid with various bioactivities, was found in many plants including Coptis chinensis Franch. (Ranunculaceae), Phellodendron chinense Schneid. (Rutaceae), and Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae). However, its protective effect on UC is sparsely dissected out. PURPOSE To explore the protective role and underlying mechanism of DHBB on a model of colitis. METHODS Acute colitis model was established by gavage with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 8 days. Influence of DHBB on DSS-induced clinical symptoms and disease activity index (DAI) was monitored and analyzed. Pathological injury of colon tissues was examined by hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue staining. The expression of intestinal mucosal barrier function proteins, immune-inflammation related biomarkers and signal pathway key targets were determined by ELISA kit, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. RESULTS DHBB treatment effectively alleviated DSS-induced UC by relieving clinical manifestations, DAI scores and pathological damage, which exerted similar beneficial effect to azathioprine (AZA), and better than berberine (BBR). In addition, DHBB significantly improved the gut barrier function through up-regulating the levels of tight junction proteins and mucins. Furthermore, DHBB dramatically ameliorated colonic immune-inflammation state, which was related to the decrease of colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulin through blocking TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal pathway. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that DHBB exerted a significant protective effect on DSS-induced experimental UC, at least partly through suppressing immune-inflammatory response and maintaining gut barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Na Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Zhimi Mo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, China.
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Xia F, Wen LP, Ge BC, Li YX, Li FP, Zhou BJ. Gut microbiota as a target for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: Mechanisms and dietary natural products. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1146-1163. [PMID: 34512884 PMCID: PMC8394227 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i8.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the most remarkable public health concerns globally. Accumulating research evidence documents that alteration of gut microbiota has an indispensable role in the onset and progression of obesity and T2DM. A reduced microbial diversity is linked to insulin resistance and energy metabolism, especially for the rise of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Changes in metabolites followed by the gut dysbacteriosis are linked to the presence of T2DM. Moreover, endotoxin leakage and gut permeability caused by gut dysbacteriosis is more of a trigger for the onset and progression of T2DM. Research documents that natural products are remarkable arsenals of bioactive agents for the discovery of anti-T2DM drugs. Many studies have elucidated that the possible mechanisms of the anti-T2DM effects of natural products are remarkably linked to its regulation on the composition of gut microflora and the successive changes in metabolites directly or indirectly. This review presents a brief overview of the gut microbiota in T2DM and several relevant mechanisms, including short-chain fatty acids, biosynthesis and metabolism of branched-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, bile acid signaling, endotoxin leakage, and gut permeability, and describes how dietary natural products can improve T2DM via the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lu-Ping Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing-Chen Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang-Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ben-Jie Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong Province, China
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Yang S, Li D, Yu Z, Li Y, Wu M. Multi-Pharmacology of Berberine in Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases: Potential Contribution of Gut Microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:709629. [PMID: 34305616 PMCID: PMC8299362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.709629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), especially atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), and metabolic diseases (such as diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) are major public health issues worldwide that seriously threaten human health. Exploring effective natural product-based drugs is a promising strategy for the treatment of AS and metabolic diseases. Berberine (BBR), an important isoquinoline alkaloid found in various medicinal plants, has been shown to have multiple pharmacological effects and therapeutic applications. In view of its low bioavailability, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota may serve as a target for the multifunctional effects of BBR. Under the pathological conditions of AS and metabolic diseases, BBR improves intestinal barrier function and reduces inflammation induced by gut microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, BBR reverses or induces structural and compositional alterations in the gut microbiota and regulates gut microbe-dependent metabolites as well as related downstream pathways; this improves glucose and lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. These findings at least partly explain the effect of BBR on AS and metabolic diseases. In this review, we elaborate on the research progress of BBR and its mechanisms of action in the treatment of AS and metabolic diseases from the perspective of gut microbiota, to reveal the potential contribution of gut microbiota to the multifunctional biological effects of BBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Yang
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongliang Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wu C, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Su W, Yang Y, Sun L, Zhang F, Yu J, Wang Y, Guo P, Zhu B, Wu S. Gut microbiota specifically mediates the anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of berberine (BBR) and facilitates to predict BBR’s cholesterol-decreasing efficacy in patients. J Adv Res 2021; 37:197-208. [PMID: 35499044 PMCID: PMC9039652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is necessary for the lipid-lowering effect of BBR. The BBR-conditioned gut microbes effectively ameliorate hyperlipidemia. Blautia is indispensable for the hypercholesterolemia-alleviating effect of BBR. The cholesterol-lowering effect of BBR was closely related to the gut microbiota in human beings. The baseline abundance of Alistipes and Blautia is effective to predict the cholesterol-lowering efficiency of BBR.
Introduction Gut microbiota has been implicated in the pharmacological activities of many natural products. As an effective hypolipidemic agent, berberine (BBR)’s clinical application is greatly impeded by the obvious inter-individual response variation. To date, little evidence exists on the causality between gut microbes and its therapeutic effects, and the linkage of bacteria alterations to the inter-individual response variation. Objectives This study aims to confirm the causal role of the gut microbiota in BBR’s anti-hyperlipidemic effect and identify key bacteria that can predict its effectiveness. Methods The correlation between gut microbiota and BBR’s inter-individual response variation was studied in hyperlipidemic patients. The causal role of gut microbes in BBR’s anti-hyperlipidemic effects was subsequently assessed by altered administration routes, co-treatment with antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and metagenomic analysis. Results Three-month clinical study showed that BBR was effectively to decrease serum lipids but displayed an obvious response variation. The cholesterol-lowering but not triglyceride-decreasing effect of BBR was closely related to its modulation on gut microbiota. Interestingly, the baseline levels of Alistipes and Blautia could accurately predict its anti-hypercholesterolemic efficiency in the following treatment. Causality experiments in mice further confirmed that the gut microbiome is both necessary and sufficient to mediate the lipid-lowering effect of BBR. The absence of Blautia substantially abolished BBR's cholesterol-decreasing efficacy. Conclusion The gut microbiota is necessary and sufficient for BBR’s hyperlipidemia-ameliorating effect. The baseline composition of gut microbes can be an effective predictor for its pharmacotherapeutic efficacy, providing a novel way to achieve personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Ying Zhao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenquan Su
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Le Sun
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxian Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Shengxian Wu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Zhang X, Han Y, Huang W, Jin M, Gao Z. The influence of the gut microbiota on the bioavailability of oral drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1789-1812. [PMID: 34386321 PMCID: PMC8343123 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its safety, convenience, low cost and good compliance, oral administration attracts lots of attention. However, the efficacy of many oral drugs is limited to their unsatisfactory bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. One of the critical and most overlooked factors is the symbiotic gut microbiota that can modulate the bioavailability of oral drugs by participating in the biotransformation of oral drugs, influencing the drug transport process and altering some gastrointestinal properties. In this review, we summarized the existing research investigating the possible relationship between the gut microbiota and the bioavailability of oral drugs, which may provide great ideas and useful instructions for the design of novel drug delivery systems or the achievement of personalized medicine.
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Key Words
- 5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid
- AA, ascorbic acid
- ABC, ATP-binding cassette
- ACS, amphipathic chitosan derivative
- AMI, amiodarone
- AQP4, aquaporin 4
- AR, azoreductase
- ASP, amisulpride
- BBR, berberine
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- BCS, biopharmaceutics classification system
- BDDCS, the biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification system
- BDEPT, the bacteria-directed enzyme prodrug therapy
- BSH, bile salt hydrolase
- Bioavailability
- CA, cholic acid
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- CPP, cell-penetrating peptide
- CS, chitosan
- Colon-specific drug delivery system
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- DRPs, digoxin reduction products
- EcN, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917
- FA, folate
- FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- GCDC, glycochenodeoxycholate
- GL, glycyrrhizic acid
- Gut microbiota
- HFD, high fat diet
- HTC, hematocrit
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MATEs, multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins
- MDR1, multidrug resistance gene 1
- MDR1a, multidrug resistance protein-1a
- MKC, monoketocholic acid
- MPA, mycophenolic acid
- MRP2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2
- NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis
- NMEs, new molecular entities
- NRs, nitroreductases
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- NaDC, sodium deoxycholate
- NaGC, sodium glycholate
- OATs, organic anion transporters
- OCTNs, organic zwitterion/cation
- OCTs, organic cation transporters
- Oral drugs
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PPIs, proton pump inhibitors
- PT, pectin
- PWSDs, poorly water-soluble drugs
- Probiotics
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- RBC, red blood cell
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SGLT-1, sodium-coupled glucose transporter 1
- SLC, solute carrier
- SLN, solid lipid nanoparticle
- SP, sulfapyridine
- SSZ, sulfasalazine
- SVCT-1/2, the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-1/2
- T1D, type 1 diabetes
- T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TCA, taurocholate
- TCDC, taurochenodeoxycholate
- TDCA, taurodeoxycholate
- TLCA, taurolithocholate
- TME, the tumor microenvironment
- UDC, ursodeoxycholic acid
- WHO, World Health Organization
- an OTC drug, an over-the-counter drug
- cgr operon, cardiac glycoside reductase operon
- dhBBR, dihydroberberine
- pKa, dissociation constant
- the GI tract, the gastrointestinal tract
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingji Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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48
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Activation of a Specific Gut Bacteroides-Folate-Liver Axis Benefits for the Alleviation of Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108005. [PMID: 32783933 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A beneficial gut Bacteroides-folate-liver pathway regulating lipid metabolism is demonstrated. Oral administration of a Ganoderma meroterpene derivative (GMD) ameliorates nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis in the liver of fa/fa rats by reducing endotoxemia, enhancing lipid oxidation, decreasing de novo lipogenesis, and suppressing lipid export from the liver. An altered gut microbiota with an increase of butyrate and folate plays a causative role in the effects of GMD. The commensal bacteria Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides dorei, and Bacteroides uniformis, which are enriched by GMD, are major contributors to the increased gut folate. Administration of live B. xylanisolvens reduces hepatic steatosis and enhances the folate-mediated signaling pathways in mice. Knockout of the folate biosynthetic folp gene in B. xylanisolvens blocks its folate production and beneficial effects. This work confirms the therapeutic potential of GMD and B. xylanisolvens in alleviating nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis and provides evidence for benefits of the gut Bacteroides-folate-liver pathway.
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Shang J, Ma S, Zang C, Bao X, Wang Y, Zhang D. Gut microbiota mediates the absorption of FLZ, a new drug for Parkinson's disease treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1213-1226. [PMID: 34094829 PMCID: PMC8148066 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs. FLZ, a novel squamosamide derivative, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects on experimental Parkinson's disease (PD) models. FLZ is under phase Ⅰ clinical trial now, while the underlying mechanisms contributing to the absorption of FLZ are still not fully elucidated. Due to the main metabolite of FLZ was abundant in feces but rare in urine and bile of mice, we focused on the gut microbiota to address how FLZ was metabolized and absorbed. In vitro studies revealed that FLZ could be exclusively metabolized to its major metabolite M1 by the lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) in the gut microbiota, but was almost not metabolized by any other metabolism-related organs, such as liver, kidney, and small intestine. M1 was quickly absorbed into the blood and then remethylated to FLZ by catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT). Notably, dysbacteriosis reduced the therapeutic efficacy of FLZ on the PD mouse model by inhibiting its absorption. The results show that the gut microbiota mediate the absorption of FLZ through a FLZ-M1-FLZ circulation. Our research elucidates the vital role of the gut microbiota in the absorption of FLZ and provides a theoretical basis for clinical pharmacokinetic studies and clinical application of FLZ in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiuqi Bao
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 10 63165203.
| | - Yan Wang
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 10 63165203.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 10 63165203.
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50
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Lianqun J, Xing J, Yixin M, Si C, Xiaoming L, Nan S, Guoyuan S, Yuan C, Ning Y, Yao W, Na Z, Kaixuan Z, Guanlin Y. Comprehensive multiomics analysis of the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on hyperlipidemia. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9732-9747. [PMID: 33744860 PMCID: PMC8064217 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on hyperlipidemic in model mice. Using stool, plasma and hepatic tissue samples, we observed that the genera Blautia and Allobaculum were increased and Turicibacter was decrease in Rb1-treated mice as compared to untreated model mice. Ether lipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were differentially enriched between the Rb1 and model groups. Lipidomics revealed 169 metabolites differentially expressed between the model and Rb1 groups in a positive ion model and 58 in a negative ion model. These metabolites mainly participate in glycerophospholipid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. The main metabolites enriched in these three pathways were phosphatidylcholine, diacylglycerol and ceramide, respectively. In a transcriptome analysis, 766 transcripts were differentially expressed between the Rb1 and model groups. KEGG analysis revealed lysine degradation, inositol phosphate metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism to be the main enriched pathways. Multiomics analysis revealed glycerophospholipid metabolism to be a common pathway and phosphatidylcholine the main metabolite differentially enriched between the Rb1 and model groups. Results from fecal transplanted germ-free mice suggest that to suppress hyperlipidemia, Rb1 regulates gut microbiota by regulating the synthesis and decomposition of phosphatidylcholine in glycerophospholipid metabolism, which in turn decreases serum total cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lianqun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Xing
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Yixin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Si
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lv Xiaoming
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Sui Guoyuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ning
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Na
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Kaixuan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Guanlin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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