1
|
Bayat M, Golestani S, Motlaghzadeh S, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Lalehzadeh A, Sadri Nahand J. War or peace: Viruses and metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189179. [PMID: 39299491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis, the dissemination of malignant cells from a primary tumor to secondary sites, poses a catastrophic burden to cancer treatment and is the predominant cause of mortality in cancer patients. Metastasis as one of the main aspects of cancer progression could be strongly under the influence of viral infections. In fact, viruses have been central to modern cancer research and are associated with a great number of cancer cases. Viral-encoded elements are involved in modulating essential pathways or specific targets that are implicated in different stages of metastasis. Considering the continuous emergence of new viruses and the establishment of their contribution to cancer progression, the warfare between viruses and cancer appears to be endless. Here we aimed to review the critical mechanism and pathways involved in cancer metastasis and the influence of viral machinery and various routes that viruses adopt to manipulate those pathways for their benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Bayat
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahin Golestani
- Department of ophthalmology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Motlaghzadeh
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aidin Lalehzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu W, Langhans SA, Johnson DK, Stauff E, Kandula VVR, Kecskemethy HH, Averill LW, Yue X. Radiotracers for Molecular Imaging of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9419. [PMID: 39273366 PMCID: PMC11395405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) are well-known for their roles in both blood pressure regulation via the renin-angiotensin system as well as functions in fertility, immunity, hematopoiesis, and many others. The two main isoforms of ACE include ACE and ACE-2 (ACE2). Both isoforms have similar structures and mediate numerous effects on the cardiovascular system. Most remarkably, ACE2 serves as an entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the interaction between the virus and ACE2 is vital to combating the disease and preventing a similar pandemic in the future. Noninvasive imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography could noninvasively and quantitatively assess in vivo ACE2 expression levels. ACE2-targeted imaging can be used as a valuable tool to better understand the mechanism of the infection process and the potential roles of ACE2 in homeostasis and related diseases. Together, this information can aid in the identification of potential therapeutic drugs for infectious diseases, cancer, and many ACE2-related diseases. The present review summarized the state-of-the-art radiotracers for ACE2 imaging, including their chemical design, pharmacological properties, radiochemistry, as well as preclinical and human molecular imaging findings. We also discussed the advantages and limitations of the currently developed ACE2-specific radiotracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Xu
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Sigrid A Langhans
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Division of Neurology, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Computational Chemical Biology Core, Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Erik Stauff
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Vinay V R Kandula
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Heidi H Kecskemethy
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Lauren W Averill
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Xuyi Yue
- Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Diagnostic & Research PET/MR Center, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu J, Liao J, Yan Q, Jiao J, Hu N, Zhang W, Shi L, Deng M, Huang S, Tang X. Trends analysis of cancer incidence, mortality, and survival for the elderly in the United States, 1975-2020. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70062. [PMID: 39082934 PMCID: PMC11289898 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer burden from the elderly has been rising largely due to the aging population. However, research on the long-term epidemiological trends in cancer of the elderly is lacking. METHODS Registry data of this population-based cross-sectional study were from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The study population aged 65 years or more, from geographically distinct regions. Joinpoint regression and JP Surv method were used to analyze cancer trends and survival. RESULTS Mortality rate during 1975-2020 decreased from 995.20 to 824.99 per 100,000 elderly persons, with an average annual decrease of 0.421% (95% CI, 0.378-0.464). While overall incidence increased with no significance. Prostate (29%) and breast (26%) cancer were the most common malignancies, respectively, in elderly males and females, and the mortality for both of the two (prostate 15%, breast 14%) ranked just behind lung and bronchus cancer, which had the highest mortality rates in males (29%) and females (23%). Many cancers showed adverse trends in the latest follow-up periods (the last period calculated by the Joinpoint method). For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, incidence (male Annual Percentage Change [APC] = 7.4*; female APC = 6.7*) and mortality (male APC = 3.0*; female APC = 3.3*) increased relatively fast, and its survival was also terrible (3-year survival only 10%). Other cancers with recent increasing mortality included cancer of anus, anal canal and anorectum, retroperitoneum, pleura, peritoneum, etc. Most cancers had favorable trends of survival during the nearest follow-up period. CONCLUSION Against the background of overall improvement, many cancers showed adverse trends. Further research for the underlying mechanisms and targeted implements towards adverse trends is also urgent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Jingyuan Liao
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Qiong Yan
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Jiang Jiao
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Mingming Deng
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| | - Shu Huang
- Department of GastroenterologyLianshui County People' HospitalHuaianChina
- Department of GastroenterologyLianshui People' Hospital of Kangda College Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityHuaianChina
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kitano G, Tanaka S, Kato M, Itoh N, Kojima T. Successful treatment and remission of advanced testicular cancer after COVID-19 infection during induction chemotherapy. IJU Case Rep 2024; 7:289-292. [PMID: 38966772 PMCID: PMC11221933 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We report a case of advanced testicular cancer cured by early and appropriate resumption of chemotherapy even after COVID-19 infection during induction chemotherapy. Case presentation The patient was a healthy 36-year-old male. The diagnosis was a stage IIIB nonseminoma (pT2N2M1a). On day 14 of the first chemotherapy cycle, the patient was diagnosed with mild COVID-19. The second chemotherapy cycle was initiated with a 1-day delay (on day 10 after the COVID-19 diagnosis). The patient achieved remission with minimal postponement of chemotherapy. Conclusion Only a few case reports have described the resumption of anticancer chemotherapy in patients with COVID-19. In deciding when to resume chemotherapy after COVID-19 infection, it is essential to consider factors such as cancer type, progression, and severity of COVID-19 and should be tailored to individual patient needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goshi Kitano
- Department of UrologyAichi Cancer Center HospitalNagoyaAichiJapan
| | - Shiori Tanaka
- Department of UrologyAichi Cancer Center HospitalNagoyaAichiJapan
| | - Manabu Kato
- Department of UrologyAichi Cancer Center HospitalNagoyaAichiJapan
| | - Naoya Itoh
- Deparment of Infectious DiseasesAichi Cancer Center HospitalNagoyaAichiJapan
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Department of UrologyAichi Cancer Center HospitalNagoyaAichiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
SenthilKumar G, Verhagen NB, Nimmer K, Yang X, Castro CEF, Szabo A, Taylor BW, Wainaina N, Gould JC, Kothari AN. Risk of Early Postoperative Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Complication in Patients with Preoperative COVID-19 Undergoing Cancer Surgery. J Am Coll Surg 2024; 238:1085-1097. [PMID: 38348959 PMCID: PMC11330174 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the COVID-19 pandemic shifts to an endemic phase, an increasing proportion of patients with cancer and a preoperative history of COVID-19 will require surgery. This study aimed to assess the influence of preoperative COVID-19 on postoperative risk for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACEs) among those undergoing surgical cancer resection. Secondary objectives included determining optimal time-to-surgery guidelines based on COVID-19 severity and discerning the influence of vaccination status on MACE risk. STUDY DESIGN National COVID Cohort Collaborative Data Enclave, a large multi-institutional dataset, was used to identify patients that underwent surgical cancer resection between January 2020 and February 2023. Multivariate regression analysis adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and risk of surgery was performed to evaluate risk for 30-day postoperative MACE. RESULTS Of 204,371 included patients, 21,313 (10.4%) patients had a history of preoperative COVID-19. History of COVID-19 was associated with an increased risk for postoperative composite MACE as well as 30-day mortality. Among patients with mild disease who did not require hospitalization, MACE risk was elevated for up to 4 weeks after infection. Postoperative MACE risk remained elevated more than 8 weeks after infection in those with moderate disease. Vaccination did not reduce risk for postoperative MACE. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data highlight that assessment of the severity of preoperative COVID-19 infection should be a routine component of both preoperative patient screening as well as surgical risk stratification. In addition, strategies beyond vaccination that increase patients' cardiovascular fitness and prevent COVID-19 infection are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopika SenthilKumar
- Department of Physiology and Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Nathaniel B. Verhagen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Kaitlyn Nimmer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Carlos E. Figueroa Castro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Aniko Szabo
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Brad W. Taylor
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute of Southeastern Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Njeri Wainaina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Jon C. Gould
- Division of Minimally Invasive and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Anai N. Kothari
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute of Southeastern Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chávez-Pacheco JL, Castillejos-López M, Hernández-Regino LM, Velasco-Hidalgo L, Zapata-Tarres M, Correa-Carranza V, Rosario-Méndez G, Barrientos-Ríos R, Aquino-Gálvez A, Torres-Espíndola LM. Challenges in Treating Pediatric Cancer Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Balancing Risks and Care. Viruses 2024; 16:690. [PMID: 38793571 PMCID: PMC11125850 DOI: 10.3390/v16050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in millions of fatalities worldwide. The case of pediatric cancer patients stands out since, despite being considered a population at risk, few studies have been carried out concerning symptom detection or the description of the mechanisms capable of modifying the course of the COVID-19 disease, such as the interaction and response between the virus and the treatment given to cancer patients. By synthesizing existing studies, this paper aims to expose the treatment challenges for pediatric patients with COVID-19 in an oncology context. Additionally, this updated review includes studies that utilized the antiviral agents Remdesivir and PaxlovidTM in pediatric cancer patients. There is no specific treatment designed exclusively for pediatric cancer patients dealing with COVID-19, and it is advisable to avoid self-medication to prevent potential side effects. Managing COVID-19 in pediatric cancer patients is indeed a substantial challenge. New strategies, such as chemotherapy application rooms, have been implemented for children with cancer who were positive for COVID-19 but asymptomatic since the risk of disease progression is greater than the risk of complications from SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Chávez-Pacheco
- Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (J.L.C.-P.); (L.M.H.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (G.R.-M.)
| | - Manuel Castillejos-López
- Epidemiology and Infectology, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Laura M. Hernández-Regino
- Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (J.L.C.-P.); (L.M.H.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (G.R.-M.)
| | | | - Marta Zapata-Tarres
- Head of Research Coordination at Mexican Social Security Institute Foundation, Mexico City 06600, Mexico;
| | - Valeria Correa-Carranza
- Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (J.L.C.-P.); (L.M.H.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (G.R.-M.)
| | - Guillermo Rosario-Méndez
- Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (J.L.C.-P.); (L.M.H.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (G.R.-M.)
| | - Rehotbevely Barrientos-Ríos
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pulmonary Fibrosis Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Luz María Torres-Espíndola
- Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (J.L.C.-P.); (L.M.H.-R.); (V.C.-C.); (G.R.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Z, Jin H, Zhang X, Bai M, Zheng K, Tian J, Deng B, Mao L, Qiu P, Huang B. Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences among COVID-19, influenza, and HIV on the regulation of gene expression. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369311. [PMID: 38601162 PMCID: PMC11004287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a infectious disease, coexisting with widespread seasonal and sporadic influenza epidemics globally. Individuals living with HIV, characterized by compromised immune systems, face an elevated risk of severe outcomes and increased mortality when affected by COVID-19. Despite this connection, the molecular intricacies linking COVID-19, influenza, and HIV remain unclear. Our research endeavors to elucidate the shared pathways and molecular markers in individuals with HIV concurrently infected with COVID-19 and influenza. Furthermore, we aim to identify potential medications that may prove beneficial in managing these three interconnected illnesses. Methods Sequencing data for COVID-19 (GSE157103), influenza (GSE185576), and HIV (GSE195434) were retrieved from the GEO database. Commonly expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across the three datasets, followed by immune infiltration analysis and diagnostic ROC analysis on the DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using GO/KEGG and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Hub genes were screened through a Protein-Protein Interaction networks (PPIs) analysis among DEGs. Analysis of miRNAs, transcription factors, drug chemicals, diseases, and RNA-binding proteins was conducted based on the identified hub genes. Finally, quantitative PCR (qPCR) expression verification was undertaken for selected hub genes. Results The analysis of the three datasets revealed a total of 22 shared DEGs, with the majority exhibiting an area under the curve value exceeding 0.7. Functional enrichment analysis with GO/KEGG and GSEA primarily highlighted signaling pathways associated with ribosomes and tumors. The ten identified hub genes included IFI44L, IFI44, RSAD2, ISG15, IFIT3, OAS1, EIF2AK2, IFI27, OASL, and EPSTI1. Additionally, five crucial miRNAs (hsa-miR-8060, hsa-miR-6890-5p, hsa-miR-5003-3p, hsa-miR-6893-3p, and hsa-miR-6069), five essential transcription factors (CREB1, CEBPB, EGR1, EP300, and IRF1), and the top ten significant drug chemicals (estradiol, progesterone, tretinoin, calcitriol, fluorouracil, methotrexate, lipopolysaccharide, valproic acid, silicon dioxide, cyclosporine) were identified. Conclusion This research provides valuable insights into shared molecular targets, signaling pathways, drug chemicals, and potential biomarkers for individuals facing the complex intersection of COVID-19, influenza, and HIV. These findings hold promise for enhancing the precision of diagnosis and treatment for individuals with HIV co-infected with COVID-19 and influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Mei Bai
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Zheng
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Lingling Mao
- Institute for Prevention and Control of Infection and Infectious Diseases, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Pengcheng Qiu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Yingkou Central Hospital, Yingkou, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang W, Liu W, Yu T, Zhang Z, Zhai L, Huang P, Lu Y. Effect of anti-COVID-19 drugs on patients with cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116214. [PMID: 38367490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The clinical treatment of patients with cancer who are also diagnosed with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a challenging issue since the outbreak of COVID-19. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the effects of commonly used drugs for treating COVID-19 in patients with cancer. Hence, this review aims to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of patients with cancer to minimize the losses caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we also focused on the relationship between COVID-19, commonly used drugs for treating COVID-19, and cancer. We specifically investigated the effect of these drugs on tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The potential mechanisms of action of these drugs were discussed and evaluated. We found that most of these drugs showed inhibitory effects on tumors, and only in a few cases had cancer-promoting effects. Furthermore, inappropriate usage of these drugs may lead to irreversible kidney and heart damage. Finally, we have clarified the use of different drugs, which can provide useful guidance for the clinical treatment of cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weicai Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Lingyun Zhai
- Gynecology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
| | - Yao Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yılmaz Çelebi M, Şahinkaya Ş, Cem E, Akaslan Kara A, Özdağ E, Ayhan FY, Karakaya N, Odaman Al I, Gözmen S, Hilkay Karapınar T, Oymak Y, Bayram SN, Devrim İ. A hidden burden of disease in a specific group: Evaluation of COVID-19 seroconversion rates in pediatric patients with leukemia. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:320-323. [PMID: 37726054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2, a respiratory viral disease, is thought to have a more severe course in patients with malignancy and low immune systems. METHODS This prospective single-center study was conducted at the University of Health Sciences Dr Behçet Uz Children's Hospital from September 22 to December 31, 2021. Asymptomatic COVID-19 transmission rates were assessed using SARS-CoV-2 serology in patients with leukemia who had no history of COVID-19 infection. RESULTS Among the 54 patients, 19 (35.2%) were females and 35 (64.8%) were males. The median age was 5.5 years (min 6 months, max 17 years). Forty-nine (90.5%) of the leukemia patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, while 5 (9.5%) had acute myeloid leukemia. Five of the 54 patients had a history of COVID-19 or contact with a positive person. SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity was detected in 18 (36.7%) of 49 patients with no history of COVID-19 infection. DISCUSSION Leukemia patients have a high seroconversion for SARS-CoV-2 without showing any symptoms supporting the asymptomatic course of COVID-19 infection in this risk group. CONCLUSION As a result, patients with leukemia may have a high rate of COVID-19 seroconversion without showing symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miray Yılmaz Çelebi
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz, Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Şahika Şahinkaya
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz, Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ela Cem
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz, Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aybüke Akaslan Kara
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz, Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Eda Özdağ
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz, Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fahri Y Ayhan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz, Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nurgül Karakaya
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Işık Odaman Al
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Salih Gözmen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Tuba Hilkay Karapınar
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Oymak
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Süleyman N Bayram
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz, Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İlker Devrim
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behçet Uz, Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rong Y, Tang MZ, Liu SH, Li XF, Cai H. Comprehensive analysis of the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection and liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:436-457. [PMID: 38425388 PMCID: PMC10900145 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i2.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of clinical examples suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to have an impact on the treatment of patients with liver cancer compared to the normal population, and the prevalence of COVID-19 is significantly higher in patients with liver cancer. However, this mechanism of action has not been clarified. AIM To investigate the disease relevance of COVID-19 in liver cancer. METHODS Gene sets for COVID-19 (GSE180226) and liver cancer (GSE87630) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. After identifying the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of COVID-19 and liver cancer, functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction network construction and screening and analysis of hub genes were performed. Subsequently, the validation of the differential expression of hub genes in the disease was performed and the regulatory network of transcription factors and hub genes was constructed. RESULTS Of 518 common DEGs were obtained by screening for functional analysis. Fifteen hub genes including aurora kinase B, cyclin B2, cell division cycle 20, cell division cycle associated 8, nucleolar and spindle associated protein 1, etc., were further identified from DEGs using the "cytoHubba" plugin. Functional enrichment analysis of hub genes showed that these hub genes are associated with P53 signalling pathway regulation, cell cycle and other functions, and they may serve as potential molecular markers for COVID-19 and liver cancer. Finally, we selected 10 of the hub genes for in vitro expression validation in liver cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a common pathogenesis of liver cancer and COVID-19. These common pathways and key genes may provide new ideas for further mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Rong
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ming-Zheng Tang
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Song-Hua Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hui Cai
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fahim SA, ElZohairy YA, Moustafa RI. Favipiravir, an antiviral drug, in combination with tamoxifen exerts synergistic effect in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells via hTERT inhibition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1844. [PMID: 38246945 PMCID: PMC10800350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is one of the most successful treatments for breast cancer; however, TAM resistance continues to be a significant barrier. TAM resistance has been reported to be associated with increased expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). This enzyme shares structural similarity with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme of RNA viruses, suggesting that RdRp inhibitors may also inhibit hTERT. Favipiravir (FAV) is an antiviral drug that inhibits RdRp of RNA viruses. Thus, we propose that FAV may also elicit an antitumor effect by suppressing hTERT. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FAV and TAM on TAM-resistant breast cancer (TAMR-1). The cell viabilities were determined. The levels of CDK1/ hTERT, in addition to regulators of hTERT-targeted signaling pathways were measured. Apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle distribution were also determined. Our data revealed that the combination of TAM and FAV suppressed cell proliferation synergistically (CI < 1) and resulted in a significant change in cell migration and apoptosis. Indeed, this was associated with reduced levels of hTERT and CDK1 and shift in the cell cycle distribution. Our findings suggest that the TAM/FAV combination exhibits synergistic effects against TAMR-1 human breast cancer cells by targeting hTERT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Fahim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, 6th of October, P.O. Box 12577, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Yehia A ElZohairy
- School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, P.O. Box 12577, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab I Moustafa
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Microbiology Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, P.O. Box 12577, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rhoten B, Jones AC, Maxwell C, Stolldorf DP. Hospital Adaptions to Mitigate the COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on MARQUIS Toolkit Implementation and Sustainability. J Healthc Qual 2024; 46:1-11. [PMID: 37788425 PMCID: PMC10840884 DOI: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the perceived effects of COVID-19 on MARQUIS toolkit implementation and sustainability, challenges faced by hospitals in sustaining medication reconciliation efforts, and the strategies used to mitigate the negative effects of the pandemic. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTINGS Primary qualitative data were extracted from a Web-based survey. Data were collected from hospitals that participated in MARQUIS2 ( n = 18) and the MARQUIS Collaborative ( n = 5). STUDY DESIGN A qualitative, cross-sectional study was conducted. DATA COLLECTION/DATA EXTRACTION Qualitative data were extracted from a Research Electronic Data Capture survey databased and uploaded into an Excel data analysis template. Two coders independently coded the data with a third coder resolving discrepancies. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Thirty-one team members participated, including pharmacists ( n = 20; 65%), physicians ( n = 9; 29%), or quality-improvement (QI) specialists ( n = 2; 6%) with expertise in medication reconciliation (MedRec) (14; 45%) or QI (10; 32%). Organizational resources were limited, including funding, staffing, and access to pharmacy students. To support program continuation, hospitals reallocated staff and used new MedRec order sets. Telemedicine, workflow adaptations, leadership support, QI team involvement, and ongoing audits and feedback promoted toolkit sustainability. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 affected the capacity of hospitals to sustain the MARQUIS toolkit. However, hospitals adapted various strategies to sustain the toolkit.
Collapse
|
13
|
Mitra AK, Mukherjee UK, Mazumder S, Madhira V, Bergquist T, Shao YR, Liu F, Song Q, Su J, Kumar S, Bates BA, Sharafeldin N, Topaloglu U. Sample average treatment effect on the treated (SATT) analysis using counterfactual explanation identifies BMT and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination as protective risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity and survival in patients with multiple myeloma. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:180. [PMID: 38057320 PMCID: PMC10700604 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM), an age-dependent neoplasm of antibody-producing plasma cells, have compromised immune systems and might be at increased risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. This study characterizes risk factors associated with clinical indicators of COVID-19 severity and all-cause mortality in myeloma patients utilizing NCATS' National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) database. The N3C consortium is a large, centralized data resource representing the largest multi-center cohort of COVID-19 cases and controls nationwide (>16 million total patients, and >6 million confirmed COVID-19+ cases to date). Our cohort included myeloma patients (both inpatients and outpatients) within the N3C consortium who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 based on positive PCR or antigen tests or ICD-10-CM diagnosis code. The outcomes of interest include all-cause mortality (including discharge to hospice) during the index encounter and clinical indicators of severity (i.e., hospitalization/emergency department/ED visit, use of mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)). Finally, causal inference analysis was performed using the Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methods. As of 05/16/2022, the N3C consortium included 1,061,748 cancer patients, out of which 26,064 were MM patients (8,588 were COVID-19 positive). The mean age at COVID-19 diagnosis was 65.89 years, 46.8% were females, and 20.2% were of black race. 4.47% of patients died within 30 days of COVID-19 hospitalization. Overall, the survival probability was 90.7% across the course of the study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed histories of pulmonary and renal disease, dexamethasone, proteasome inhibitor/PI, immunomodulatory/IMiD therapies, and severe Charlson Comorbidity Index/CCI were significantly associated with higher risks of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Protective associations were observed with blood-or-marrow transplant/BMT and COVID-19 vaccination. Further, multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that high and moderate CCI levels, International Staging System (ISS) moderate or severe stage, and PI therapy were associated with worse survival, while BMT and COVID-19 vaccination were associated with lower risk of death. Finally, matched sample average treatment effect on the treated (SATT) confirmed the causal effect of BMT and vaccination status as top protective factors associated with COVID-19 risk among US patients suffering from multiple myeloma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest nationwide study on myeloma patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Mitra
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics (AUPharmGx), Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
- UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Ujjal Kumar Mukherjee
- Gies College of Business and Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Suman Mazumder
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Single-Cell Omics (AUPharmGx), Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Feifan Liu
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Qianqian Song
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin A Bates
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-RWJMS Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Noha Sharafeldin
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Umit Topaloglu
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiao J, Shi L, Yang M, Yang J, Liu M, Sun G. The impact of containment policy and mobility on COVID-19 cases through structural equation model in Chile, Singapore, South Korea and Israel. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15769. [PMID: 37547719 PMCID: PMC10402700 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aims to understand the impact of containment policy and mobility on COVID-19 cases in Chile, Singapore, South Korea and Israel. To provide experience in epidemic prevention and control. Methods Structural equation modeling (SEM) of containment policies, mobility, and COVID-19 cases were used to test and analyze the proposed hypotheses. Results Chile, Israel and Singapore adopted containment strategies, focusing on closure measures. South Korea adopted a mitigation strategy with fewer closure measures, focusing on vaccination and severe case management. There was a significant negative relationship among containment policies, mobility, and COVID-19 cases. Conclusion To control the COVID-19 and slow down the increase of COVID-19 cases, countries can increase the stringency of containment policies when COVID-19 epidemic is more severe. Thus, countries can take measures from the following three aspects: strengthen the risk monitoring, and keep abreast of the COVID-19 risk; adjust closure measures in time and reduce mobility; and strengthen public education on COVID-19 prevention to motivate citizen to consciously adhere to preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiao
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Leiyu Shi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Manfei Yang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyan Yang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiheng Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
de Andrade-Lima ALM, Lins MM, Borborema MDCD, Matos APR, de Oliveira KMM, Gonçalves Mello MJ. The Infection Profile and Survival of Children and Adolescents With COVID-19 Undergoing Cancer Treatment: A Cohort Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:614-619. [PMID: 37053592 PMCID: PMC10289072 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical evolution of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children and adolescents with cancer. METHODS Cohort involving patients undergoing cancer treatment, 19 years old and under, with the diagnosis of COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction, in a reference hospital, between March 2020 and November 2021. Data were collected from medical records and interviews with patients and/or guardians. The primary outcomes studied were severe/critical COVID-19 presentation, deaths from any cause and overall survival. The Cox proportional hazards multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the risk of death. RESULTS Sixty-two participants were included, most (67.7%) were male, with a median age of 6.8 years. Severe/critical forms of COVID-19, observed in 24.2%, seemed to indicate that the pediatric population undergoing cancer treatment has a higher morbidity rate than the general pediatric population (8-9.2%). During follow-up (4.5-18 months), 20 patients (32.3%) completed their cancer treatment and 18 died (29%)-6 during hospitalization and 12 after discharge. In total 61.1% of deaths occurred within 63 days of a detectable real-time polymerase chain reaction. Patients with a higher risk of death presented with severe/critical COVID-19 [adjusted hazard risk (aHR): 8.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.91-24.80; P < 0.00] solid tumors (aHR: 3.99; 95% CI: 1.43-11.12; P = 0.008) and diarrhea as a symptom of COVID-19 (aHR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.23-12.73; P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the impact that severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 infection has on the population of children and adolescents with cancer, not only regarding immediate severity but also in their survival rate. Further studies evaluating long-term outcomes of COVID-19 in children and adolescents with cancer should be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mecneide Mendes Lins
- Departamento de Oncologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria do Céu Diniz Borborema
- Departamento de Oncologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Rodrigues Matos
- Departamento de Oncologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Júlia Gonçalves Mello
- Departamento de pós-graduação strictu sensu, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP), docente e pesquisadora da pós-graduação do IMIP, Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li T, Fu J, Cheng J, Elfiky AA, Wei C, Fu J. New progresses on cell surface protein HSPA5/BiP/GRP78 in cancers and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166680. [PMID: 37275848 PMCID: PMC10232979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock-protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 (HSPA5), aliases GRP78 or BiP, is a protein encoded with 654 amino acids by the HSPA5 gene located on human chromosome 9q33.3. When the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was stressed, HSPA5 translocated to the cell surface, the mitochondria, and the nucleus complexed with other proteins to execute its functions. On the cell surface, HSPA5/BiP/GRP78 can play diverse functional roles in cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, attachments, and innate and adaptive immunity regulations, which lead to various diseases, including cancers and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which caused the pandemic since the first outbreak in late December 2019. HSPA5, highly expressed in the malignant tumors, likely plays a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 invasion/attack in cancer patients via tumor tissues. In the current study, we review the newest research progresses on cell surface protein HSPA5 expressions, functions, and mechanisms for cancers and SARS-CoV-2 invasion. The therapeutic and prognostic significances and prospects in cancers and COVID-19 disease by targeting HSPA5 are also discussed. Targeting HSPA5 expression by natural products may imply the significance in clinical for both anti-COVID-19 and anti-cancers in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiewen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdo A. Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Chunli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kunvariya AD, Dave SA, Modi ZJ, Patel PK, Sagar SR. Exploration of multifaceted molecular mechanism of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in pathogenesis of various diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15644. [PMID: 37153428 PMCID: PMC10160752 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a homolog of ACE (a transmembrane bound dipeptidyl peptidase enzyme). ACE2 converts angiotensinogen to the heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7). ACE2 and its product, angiotensin-(1-7), have counteracting effects against the adverse actions of other members of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). ACE2 and its principal product, angiotensin-(1-7), were considered an under recognized arm of the RAS. The COVID-19 pandemic brought to light this arm of RAS with special focus on ACE2. Membrane bound ACE2 serves as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry through spike proteins. Apart from that, ACE2 is also involved in the pathogenesis of various other diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer, respiratory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and infertility. The present review focuses on the molecular mechanism of ACE2 in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease, infertility and respiratory diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes unveiled roles of ACE2 in the pathogenesis of various diseases which further provides intriguing possibilities for the use of ACE2 activators and RAS modulating agents for various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi D. Kunvariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Shivani A. Dave
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Zeal J. Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Paresh K. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
| | - Sneha R. Sagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad 382 210, India
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Urbiola-Salvador V, Lima de Souza S, Grešner P, Qureshi T, Chen Z. Plasma Proteomics Unveil Novel Immune Signatures and Biomarkers upon SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076276. [PMID: 37047248 PMCID: PMC10093853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several elements have an impact on COVID-19, including comorbidities, age and sex. To determine the protein profile changes in peripheral blood caused by a SARS-CoV-2 infection, a proximity extension assay was used to quantify 1387 proteins in plasma samples among 28 Finnish patients with COVID-19 with and without comorbidities and their controls. Key immune signatures, including CD4 and CD28, were changed in patients with comorbidities. Importantly, several unreported elevated proteins in patients with COVID-19, such as RBP2 and BST2, which show anti-microbial activity, along with proteins involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, including MATN2 and COL6A3, were identified. RNF41 was downregulated in patients compared to healthy controls. Our study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes distinct plasma protein changes in the presence of comorbidities despite the interpatient heterogeneity, and several novel potential biomarkers associated with a SARS-CoV-2 infection alone and in the presence of comorbidities were identified. Protein changes linked to the generation of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, long-term effects and potential association with post-COVID-19 condition were revealed. Further study to characterize the identified plasma protein changes from larger cohorts with more diverse ethnicities of patients with COVID-19 combined with functional studies will facilitate the identification of novel diagnostic, prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Urbiola-Salvador
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, 80-307 Gdańsk, Pomerania, Poland
| | - Suiane Lima de Souza
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, North Ostrobothnia, Finland
| | - Peter Grešner
- Department of Translational Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Pomerania, Poland
| | - Talha Qureshi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, North Ostrobothnia, Finland
| | - Zhi Chen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, North Ostrobothnia, Finland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chatterjee S, Nalla LV, Sharma M, Sharma N, Singh AA, Malim FM, Ghatage M, Mukarram M, Pawar A, Parihar N, Arya N, Khairnar A. Association of COVID-19 with Comorbidities: An Update. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:334-354. [PMID: 36923110 PMCID: PMC10000013 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and jeopardized human lives. It spreads at an unprecedented rate worldwide, with serious and still-unfolding health conditions and economic ramifications. Based on the clinical investigations, the severity of COVID-19 appears to be highly variable, ranging from mild to severe infections including the death of an infected individual. To add to this, patients with comorbid conditions such as age or concomitant illnesses are significant predictors of the disease's severity and progression. SARS-CoV-2 enters inside the host cells through ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme2) receptor expression; therefore, comorbidities associated with higher ACE2 expression may enhance the virus entry and the severity of COVID-19 infection. It has already been recognized that age-related comorbidities such as Parkinson's disease, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases may lead to life-threatening illnesses in COVID-19-infected patients. COVID-19 infection results in the excessive release of cytokines, called "cytokine storm", which causes the worsening of comorbid disease conditions. Different mechanisms of COVID-19 infections leading to intensive care unit (ICU) admissions or deaths have been hypothesized. This review provides insights into the relationship between various comorbidities and COVID-19 infection. We further discuss the potential pathophysiological correlation between COVID-19 disease and comorbidities with the medical interventions for comorbid patients. Toward the end, different therapeutic options have been discussed for COVID-19-infected comorbid patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India.,Department of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh 522302, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Nishant Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Aditya A Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Fehmina Mushtaque Malim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Manasi Ghatage
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Mohd Mukarram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Abhijeet Pawar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Nidhi Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Neha Arya
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, Bhopal 462020, India
| | - Amit Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382355, India.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.,ICRC-FNUSA Brno 656 91, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Akbar SMF, Al Mahtab M, Khan S. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenic and Protective Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Implications of COVID-19 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030615. [PMID: 36992199 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has devastated the world with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has imparted a toll of at least 631 million reported cases with 6.57 million reported deaths. In order to handle this pandemic, vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed and billions of doses of various vaccines have been administered. In the meantime, several antiviral drugs and other treatment modalities have been developed to treat COVID-19 patients. At the end of the day, it seems that anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and newly developed antiviral drugs may be improved based on various new developments. COVID-19 represents a virus-induced, immune-mediated pathological process. The severity of the disease is related to the nature and properties of the host immune responses. In addition, host immunity plays a dominant role in regulating the extent of COVID-19. The present reality regarding the role of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection even three years after the initiation of the pandemic, and divergent faces of COVID-19 have initiated several queries among huge populations, policy makers, general physicians, and scientific communities. The present review aims to provide some information regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mamun Al Mahtab
- Interventional Hepatology Division, Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, BSMMU, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sakirul Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Leonardi B, Sagnelli C, Natale G, Leone F, Noro A, Opromolla G, Capaccio D, Ferrigno F, Vicidomini G, Messina G, Di Crescenzo RM, Sica A, Fiorelli A. Outcomes of Thoracoscopic Lobectomy after Recent COVID-19 Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020257. [PMID: 36839529 PMCID: PMC9958887 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 outbreak had a massive impact on lung cancer patients with the rise in the incidence and mortality of lung cancer. METHODS We evaluated whether a recent COVID-19 infection affected the outcome of patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer using a retrospective observational mono-centric study conducted between January 2020 and August 2022. Postoperative complications and 90-day mortality were reported. We compared lung cancer patients with a recent history of COVID-19 infection prior to thoracoscopic lobectomy to those without recent COVID-19 infection. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-three consecutive lung cancer patients were enrolled. Of these 30 (19%), had a history of recent COVID-19 infection prior to surgery. COVID-19 was not associated with a higher complication rate or 90-day mortality. Patients with recent COVID-19 infection had more frequent pleural adhesions (p = 0.006). There were no differences between groups regarding postoperative complications, conversion, drain removal time, total drainage output, and length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 infection did not affect the outcomes of thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer. The treatment of these patients should not be delayed in case of recent COVID-19 infection and should not differ from that of the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Leonardi
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Sagnelli
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Natale
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Noro
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Opromolla
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Ferrigno
- COVID-19 Hospital “M. Scarlato”, Department of Pneumology, 84018 Scafati, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vicidomini
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Messina
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonello Sica
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815665228
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bal P, Mantri N, Goel AD, Joshi NK, Jain YK, Pareek P, Gupta MK, Devnani B, Solanki A, Bhardwaj P. Challenges Faced by Cancer Patients in Receiving Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rajasthan. Cureus 2023; 15:e34491. [PMID: 36874300 PMCID: PMC9983044 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer patients may have faced difficulty accessing health care. This study explored the challenges experienced by cancer patients in availing of healthcare during the pandemic, as well as the vaccination status and prevalence of COVID-19 infection among cancer patients in the year 2021. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, to interview 150 patients from the oncology department using convenience sampling. Face-to-face interviews lasted for 20-30 minutes. The first segment of the pretested semi-structured questionnaire was directed at obtaining the patient's socio-demographic characteristics, while the second segment focused on the problems that patients encountered during the pandemic in receiving cancer care. The data were analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). RESULTS Several constraints, such as a lack of transportation services, difficulty in availing outpatient department (OPD) and teleconsultation services, long waiting times, and deferred surgeries and therapies, have hampered cancer care. COVID-19 mitigation measures further imposed additional stress and financial burden on cancer patients. Moreover, there was low vaccination coverage among cancer patients, which increases their probability of acquiring an infection. CONCLUSION Policy reforms must prioritize cancer care in India to maintain a continuum of care by ensuring medication, teleconsultation, uninterrupted treatment, and complete vaccination to decrease the risk of COVID-19 infection and facilitate patient compliance with the healthcare delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasannajeet Bal
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Neha Mantri
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Akhil D Goel
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Nitin K Joshi
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Yogesh K Jain
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Puneet Pareek
- Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Bharti Devnani
- Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Akanksha Solanki
- Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Jodhpur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Limpawittayakul P, Sungkasubun P, Chaiwiriyawong W, Supavavej A, Weerasubpong B, Siripaibun J, Phanthunane C, Lamlertthon W, Ungtrakul T, Tawinprai K, Tantiyavarong W, Samdaengpan C. Immunogenicity evaluation of ChAdox1 nCov-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in solid cancer patients in Chulabhorn Hospital. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2104058. [PMID: 35976687 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer patients are more vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) owing to their compromised immune status. However, data regarding COVID-19 vaccine safety and immune response in cancer patients are scarce. METHOD This prospective, age- and sex-matched, single-center cohort study included 61 cancer patients and 122 healthy control participants. Seropositivity was defined as anti-S IgG titer >0.8 units/ml. Primary end point was seroconversion rate of immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein (anti-S IgG) in cancer patients vs. healthy control participants following the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222). RESULTS After the second-dose vaccination, there was no difference in seropositivity rate between groups (57 [93.44%] patients with cancer vs. 121 [99.18%] control participants; geometric mean ratio [GMR]: 0.39; 95%CI: 0.01-10.46; p-value = 0.571). In contrast, after the first-dose vaccination, the seropositivity rate was significantly lower in the cancer patients than in the control participants (50/61 [81.97%] vs. 121/122 [99.18%]; GMR: 0.07; 95%CI: 0.01-0.71; p = 0.025). The median anti-S IgG titer after the first-and second dose vaccination were not significantly different between groups. Female sex was significantly associated with a higher anti-S IgG titer. 5FU- and taxane-based chemotherapy regimens were associated with a lower IgG titer. Side effects of vaccination were tolerable. CONCLUSIONS The anti-S IgG seropositivity rate after completing the second vaccine dose did not differ between the cancer patients and control participants. However, the anti-S IgG seropositivity rate after the first-dose vaccination was lower in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyarat Limpawittayakul
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prakongboon Sungkasubun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Worawit Chaiwiriyawong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Archara Supavavej
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bowon Weerasubpong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jomtana Siripaibun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chumut Phanthunane
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wisut Lamlertthon
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teerapat Ungtrakul
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kriangkrai Tawinprai
- Department of Medicine, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Walaipan Tantiyavarong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayanee Samdaengpan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang ST, Liu YG, Zhang L, Sang XT, Xu YY, Lu X. Systems biology approach reveals a common molecular basis for COVID-19 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:251. [PMCID: PMC9664052 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may be more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and even more likely to suffer from severe COVID-19. Whether there is a common molecular pathological basis for COVID-19 and NAFLD remains to be identified. The present study aimed to elucidate the transcriptional alterations shared by COVID-19 and NAFLD and to identify potential compounds targeting both diseases.
Methods
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for COVID-19 and NAFLD were extracted from the GSE147507 and GSE89632 datasets, and common DEGs were identified using the Venn diagram. Subsequently, we constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network based on the common DEGs and extracted hub genes. Then, we performed gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of common DEGs. In addition, transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs regulatory networks were constructed, and drug candidates were identified.
Results
We identified a total of 62 common DEGs for COVID-19 and NAFLD. The 10 hub genes extracted based on the PPI network were IL6, IL1B, PTGS2, JUN, FOS, ATF3, SOCS3, CSF3, NFKB2, and HBEGF. In addition, we also constructed TFs–DEGs, miRNAs–DEGs, and protein–drug interaction networks, demonstrating the complex regulatory relationships of common DEGs.
Conclusion
We successfully extracted 10 hub genes that could be used as novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19 and NAFLD. In addition, based on common DEGs, we propose some potential drugs that may benefit patients with COVID-19 and NAFLD.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yan C, Niu Y, Wang X. Blood transcriptome analysis revealed the crosstalk between COVID-19 and HIV. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008653. [PMID: 36389792 PMCID: PMC9650272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has resulted in the most devastating pandemic in modern history. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) destroys immune system cells and weakens the body's ability to resist daily infections and diseases. Furthermore, HIV-infected individuals had double COVID-19 mortality risk and experienced worse COVID-related outcomes. However, the existing research still lacks the understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying crosstalk between COVID-19 and HIV. The aim of our work was to illustrate blood transcriptome crosstalk between COVID-19 and HIV and to provide potential drugs that might be useful for the treatment of HIV-infected COVID-19 patients. METHODS COVID-19 datasets (GSE171110 and GSE152418) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including 54 whole-blood samples and 33 peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples, respectively. HIV dataset (GSE37250) was also obtained from GEO database, containing 537 whole-blood samples. Next, the "Deseq2" package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between COVID-19 datasets (GSE171110 and GSE152418) and the "limma" package was utilized to identify DEGs between HIV dataset (GSE37250). By intersecting these two DEG sets, we generated common DEGs for further analysis, containing Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, transcription factor (TF) candidate identification, microRNAs (miRNAs) candidate identification and drug candidate identification. RESULTS In this study, a total of 3213 DEGs were identified from the merged COVID-19 dataset (GSE171110 and GSE152418), and 1718 DEGs were obtained from GSE37250 dataset. Then, we identified 394 common DEGs from the intersection of the DEGs in COVID-19 and HIV datasets. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that common DEGs were mainly gathered in chromosome-related and cell cycle-related signal pathways. Top ten hub genes (CCNA2, CCNB1, CDC20, TOP2A, AURKB, PLK1, BUB1B, KIF11, DLGAP5, RRM2) were ranked according to their scores, which were screened out using degree algorithm on the basis of common DEGs. Moreover, top ten drug candidates (LUCANTHONE, Dasatinib, etoposide, Enterolactone, troglitazone, testosterone, estradiol, calcitriol, resveratrol, tetradioxin) ranked by their P values were screened out, which maybe be beneficial for the treatment of HIV-infected COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION In this study, we provide potential molecular targets, signaling pathways, small molecular compounds, and promising biomarkers that contribute to worse COVID-19 prognosis in patients with HIV, which might contribute to precise diagnosis and treatment for HIV-infected COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- *Correspondence: Cheng Yan, ; Xuannian Wang,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bhattacharjee R, Das D, Bhadhuri R, Chakraborty S, Dey T, Buragohain R, Nath A, Muduli K, Barman P, Gundamaraju R. Cellular Landscaping of COVID-19 and Gynaecological Cancers: An Infrequent Correlation. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5231022. [PMID: 36299504 PMCID: PMC9592241 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5231022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 resulted in a mortality rate of 3-6% caused by SARS-CoV-2 and its variant leading to unprecedented consequences of acute respiratory distress septic shock and multiorgan failure. In such a situation, evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and care for cancer patients are difficult tasks faced by medical staff. Moreover, patients with gynaecological cancer appear to be more prone to severe infection and mortality from COVID-19 due to immunosuppression by chemotherapy and coexisting medical disorders. To deal with such a circumtances oncologists have been obliged to reconsider the entire diagnostic, treatment, and management approach. This review will provide and discuss the molecular link with gynaecological cancer under COVID-19 infection, providing a novel bilateral relationship between the two infections. Moreover, the authors have provided insights to discuss the pathobiology of COVID-19 in gynaecological cancer and their risks associated with such comorbidity. Furthermore, we have depicted the overall impact of host immunity along with guidelines for the treatment of patients with gynaecological cancer under COVID-19 infection. We have also discussed the feasible scope for the management of COVID-19 and gynaecological cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhattacharjee
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debanjan Das
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Tanima Dey
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rupam Buragohain
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati UNiversity, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Asim Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati UNiversity, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Kartik Muduli
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pranjan Barman
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati UNiversity, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Moubarak S, Merheb D, Basbous L, Chamseddine N, Bou Zerdan M, Assi HI. COVID-19 and lung cancer: update on the latest screening, diagnosis, management and challenges. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221125047. [PMID: 36154328 PMCID: PMC9515530 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221125047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, considered one of the most common causes of cancer deaths worldwide,
is a complex disease with its own challenges. The coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2), compounded these challenges and forced the medical healthcare
system to alter its approach to lung cancer. This narrative review aims to
identify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on lung cancer screening, diagnosis
and management. During this public health crisis, various medical societies have
worked on developing guidelines to protect patients with lung cancer from the
deleterious effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as from the complications
imposed by treatment delays. The different therapeutic approaches, such as
surgery, radiation oncology and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, along with
the latest international recommendations, will be discussed. Protecting patients
with lung cancer from COVID-19 complications, while avoiding barriers in
treatment delays, has brought unique challenges to healthcare facilities. Prompt
modifications to guidelines, and constant evaluation of their efficacy, are thus
needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Moubarak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and
Oncology, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, , American University
of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diala Merheb
- Department of Internal Medicine, , Saint George
Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lynn Basbous
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut,
Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Chamseddine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and
Oncology, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, , American University
of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and
Oncology, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, , American University
of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hazem I Assi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and
Oncology, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, , American University
of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Hazem I Assi, Naef K. Basile Cancer
Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El
Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu H, Wang J, Geng Y, Li K, Wu H, Chen J, Chai X, Li S, Zheng D. Fine-Grained Assessment of COVID-19 Severity Based on Clinico-Radiological Data Using Machine Learning. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10665. [PMID: 36078380 PMCID: PMC9518491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe and critical cases of COVID-19 had high mortality rates. Clinical features, laboratory data, and radiological features provided important references for the assessment of COVID-19 severity. The machine learning analysis of clinico-radiological features, especially the quantitative computed tomography (CT) image analysis results, may achieve early, accurate, and fine-grained assessment of COVID-19 severity, which is an urgent clinical need. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if machine learning algorithms using CT-based clinico-radiological features could achieve the accurate fine-grained assessment of COVID-19 severity. METHODS The clinico-radiological features were collected from 78 COVID-19 patients with different severities. A neural network was developed to automatically measure the lesion volume from CT images. The severity was clinically diagnosed using two-type (severe and non-severe) and fine-grained four-type (mild, regular, severe, critical) classifications, respectively. To investigate the key features of COVID-19 severity, statistical analyses were performed between patients' clinico-radiological features and severity. Four machine learning algorithms (decision tree, random forest, SVM, and XGBoost) were trained and applied in the assessment of COVID-19 severity using clinico-radiological features. RESULTS The CT imaging features (CTscore and lesion volume) were significantly related with COVID-19 severity (p < 0.05 in statistical analysis for both in two-type and fine-grained four-type classifications). The CT imaging features significantly improved the accuracy of machine learning algorithms in assessing COVID-19 severity in the fine-grained four-type classification. With CT analysis results added, the four-type classification achieved comparable performance to the two-type one. CONCLUSIONS CT-based clinico-radiological features can provide an important reference for the accurate fine-grained assessment of illness severity using machine learning to achieve the early triage of COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Liu
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Yayuan Geng
- Scientific Research Department, HY Medical Technology, B-2 Building, Dongsheng Science Park, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Kunwei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Han Wu
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Streatham Campus, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Xiangfei Chai
- Scientific Research Department, HY Medical Technology, B-2 Building, Dongsheng Science Park, Beijing 100192, China
| | - Shaolin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Dingchang Zheng
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang Y, Yuan Y, Chen S, Xu D, Xiao L, Wang X, Qin W, Liu B. Identifying potential pharmacological targets and mechanisms of vitamin D for hepatocellular carcinoma and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985781. [PMID: 36275701 PMCID: PMC9583923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a severe pandemic that has posed an unprecedented challenge to public health worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common digestive system malignancy, with high aggressiveness and poor prognosis. HCC patients may be vulnerable to COVID-19. Since the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antiviral effects of vitamin D, we aimed to investigate the possible therapeutic effects and underlying action mechanisms of vitamin D in COVID-19 and HCC in this study. By using a range of bioinformatics and network pharmacology analyses, we identified many COVID-19/HCC target genes and analyzed their prognostic significance in HCC patients. Further, a risk score model with good predictive performance was developed to evaluate the prognosis of HCC patients with COVID-19 based on these target genes. Moreover, we identified seven possible pharmacological targets of vitamin D against COVID-19/HCC, including HMOX1, MB, TLR4, ALB, TTR, ACTA1 and RBP4. And we revealed the biological functions, signaling pathways and TF-miRNA coregulatory network of vitamin D in COVID-19/HCC. The enrichment analysis revealed that vitamin D could help in treating COVID-19/HCC effects through regulation of immune response, epithelial structure maintenance, regulation of chemokine and cytokine production involved in immune response and anti-inflammatory action. Finally, the molecular docking analyses were performed and showed that vitamin D possessed effective binding activity in COVID-19. Overall, we revealed the possible molecular mechanisms and pharmacological targets of vitamin D for treating COVID-19/HCC for the first time. But these findings need to be further validated in actual HCC patients with COVID-19 and need further investigation to confirm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbiao Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of general surgery, Shangrao People's Hospital, Shangrao, China
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingyan Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kandeel EZ, Refaat L, Bayoumi A, Nooh HA, Hammad R, Khafagy M, Abdellateif MS. The Role of Lymphocyte Subsets, PD-1, and FAS (CD95) in COVID-19 Cancer Patients. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:491-502. [PMID: 35930238 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes are the main orchestrators that regulate the immune response in SARS-COV-2 infection. The exhaustion of T lymphocytes is a contributing factor to lymphopenia, which is responsible for the COVID-19 adverse outcome. However, it is still not demonstrated on a large scale, including cancer patients. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 83 SARS-CoV2 infected cancer patients, and 29 COVID-19 infected noncancer patients compared to 28 age-matched healthy controls. Lymphocyte subsets were assessed for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, PD-1, and CD95 using flow cytometry. The data were correlated to the patients' clinical features, COVID-19 severity and outcomes. Lymphopenia, and decreased CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were significantly observed in COVID-19 cancer and noncancer patients compared to the control group (p < 0.001, for all). There was a significantly increased expression of CD95 and PD-1 on the NK cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells in COVID-19 cancer and noncancer patients in comparison to the control group. The increased expression of CD95 on CD8+ T cells, as well as the increased expression of PD-1 on CD8+ T cells and NK cells are significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection in cancer patients. The increased expression of CD95 and PD-1 on the CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells was observed significantly in nonsurviving patients and those who were admitted to the intensive care unit in COVID-19 cancer and noncancer patients. The increased expression of PD-1 and CD95 could be possible prognostic factors for COVID-19 severity and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 cancer and noncancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Z Kandeel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna Refaat
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Bayoumi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend A Nooh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Hammad
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Medhat Khafagy
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Abdellateif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Oncology Patient Management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159041. [PMID: 35897414 PMCID: PMC9330710 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way cancer patients should be managed. Using published literature on best practices on oncology patient management, we developed checklists to establish which recommendations were followed and differences between healthcare staff and institutions in a local health unit (overseeing two regional hospitals and 14 primary Healthcare Centers) in an interior region in Portugal. Checklists were delivered and completed by 15 physicians, 18 nurses and 5 pharmacists working at the Hospitals, and 29 physicians and 46 nurses from primary healthcare centers. Hospital staff do not show statistically significant differences regarding most proposed recommendations for the oncology clinical pathway, human resources, treatments, patient management and service management. Primary healthcare centers seem to follow a similar trend. As a local health unit, general recommendations for Oncology Patient Management show statistically significantly different values on education of suspected cases, identification, isolation procedures and samples collection; extension of work schedules; and education on cancer patient and COVID-19 positive referral procedures. All the checklists indicated good-to-high internal consistency. Our analysis showed cohesive work between groups regarding control and prevention of sources of infection; therefore, it is considered the highest priority to ensure that all other services, including oncology, continue functioning. Patient management measures such as adjustments in treatments, analysis, patient care, referrals and emergencies were not ranked higher by responders.
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Hu H, Tang N, Zhang F, Li L, Li L. Bioinformatics and System Biology Approach to Identify the Influences of COVID-19 on Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860676. [PMID: 35464423 PMCID: PMC9021444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) has led to a rapid increase in mortality worldwide. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was a high-risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, whereas the molecular mechanisms underlying RA and CVOID-19 are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to analyze potential molecular mechanisms and identify potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 and RA using bioinformatics and a systems biology approach. Methods Two Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) sets extracted from GSE171110 and GSE1775544 datasets were intersected to generate common DEGs, which were used for functional enrichment, pathway analysis, and candidate drugs analysis. Results A total of 103 common DEGs were identified in the two datasets between RA and COVID-19. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) was constructed using various combinatorial statistical methods and bioinformatics tools. Subsequently, hub genes and essential modules were identified from the PPI network. In addition, we performed functional analysis and pathway analysis under ontological conditions and found that there was common association between RA and progression of COVID-19 infection. Finally, transcription factor-gene interactions, protein-drug interactions, and DEGs-miRNAs coregulatory networks with common DEGs were also identified in the datasets. Conclusion We successfully identified the top 10 hub genes that could serve as novel targeted therapy for COVID-19 and screened out some potential drugs useful for COVID-19 patients with RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Clinical Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Nana Tang
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Facai Zhang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Samec M, Kudela E, Kajo K, Skuciova V, Csizmár SH, Mestanova V, Pec M, Adamkov M, Al-Ishaq RK, Smejkal K, Giordano FA, Büsselberg D, Biringer K, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Anti-breast cancer effects of phytochemicals: primary, secondary, and tertiary care. EPMA J 2022; 13:315-334. [PMID: 35437454 PMCID: PMC9008621 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-022-00277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer incidence is actually the highest one among all cancers. Overall breast cancer management is associated with challenges considering risk assessment and predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention of metastatic disease, appropriate treatment options, and cost-effectiveness of approaches applied. Accumulated research evidence indicates promising anti-cancer effects of phytochemicals protecting cells against malignant transformation, inhibiting carcinogenesis and metastatic spread, supporting immune system and increasing effectiveness of conventional anti-cancer therapies, among others. Molecular and sub-/cellular mechanisms are highly complex affecting several pathways considered potent targets for advanced diagnostics and cost-effective treatments. Demonstrated anti-cancer affects, therefore, are clinically relevant for improving individual outcomes and might be applicable to the primary (protection against initial cancer development), secondary (protection against potential metastatic disease development), and tertiary (towards cascading complications) care. However, a detailed data analysis is essential to adapt treatment algorithms to individuals’ and patients’ needs. Consequently, advanced concepts of patient stratification, predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention, and treatments tailored to the individualized patient profile are instrumental for the cost-effective application of natural anti-cancer substances to improve overall breast cancer management benefiting affected individuals and the society at large.
Collapse
|
35
|
Das T, Mukhopadhyay C. Computational studies suggest compounds restoring function of p53 cancer mutants can bind SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:3368-3381. [PMID: 35333136 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2048081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is reasonable to think that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or immunotherapy may have a more aggressive course if they are positive for the novel coronavirus disease. Their compulsive condition requires investigation into effective drugs. We applied computational techniques to a series of compounds known for restoring the function of p53 cancer mutant p53R175H and p53G245S. Two potent inhibitors, 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(1, 3 -thiazol-2-yl) urea (CTU, PubChem NSC321792) with the highest binding affinity -6.92 kcal/mol followed by a thiosemicarbazone compound N'-(1-(Pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene) azetidine - 1 -carbothiohydrazide (NPC, PubChem NSC319726) with -6.75 kcal/mol were subjected to Molecular Dynamics simulation with receptor binding domain (RBD) and compared with control ligand dexamethasone. In particular, CTU adheres to pocket 1 with an average free energy of binding -21.65 ± 2.89 kcal/mol at the RBD - angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding region with the highest frequency of amino acid residues after reaching a local equilibrium in 100 ns MD simulation trajectory. A significant enthalpy contribution from the independent simulations unfolds the possibility of dual binding sites for NPC as shifted pocket 1 (-15.59 ± 5.98 kcal/mol) and pocket 2 (-18.90 ± 5.02 kcal/mol). The obtained results for these two compounds are in good agreement with dexamethasone (-18.45 ± 2.42 kcal/mol). Taken together our findings could facilitate the discovery of small molecules that restore the function of p53 cancer mutants newly against COVID-19 in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhu Y, Chen X, Liu X. NETosis and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19: Immunothrombosis and Beyond. Front Immunol 2022; 13:838011. [PMID: 35309344 PMCID: PMC8924116 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, causes respiratory problems and multifaceted organ dysfunction. A crucial mechanism of COVID-19 immunopathy is the recruitment and activation of neutrophils at the infection site, which also predicts disease severity and poor outcomes. The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), occurring during a regulated form of neutrophil cell death known as NETosis, is a key effector function that mediates harmful effects caused by neutrophils. Abundant NETosis and NET generation have been observed in the neutrophils of many COVID-19 patients, leading to unfavorable coagulopathy and immunothrombosis. Moreover, excessive NETosis and NET generation are now more widely recognized as mediators of additional pathophysiological abnormalities following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this minireview, we introduce subtypes of NET-producing neutrophils (e.g., low-density granulocytes) and explain the biological importance of NETs and the protein cargos of NETs in COVID-19. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 causes NETosis by upregulating viral processes (e.g., viral entry and replication) as well as host pro-NET mechanisms (e.g., proinflammatory mediator release, platelet activation, and autoantibody production). Furthermore, we provide an update of the main findings of NETosis and NETs in immunothrombosis and other COVID-19-related disorders, such as aberrant immunity, neurological disorders, and post COVID-19 syndromes including lung fibrosis, neurological disorder, tumor progression, and deteriorated chronic illness. Finally, we address potential prospective COVID-19 treatment strategies that target dysregulated NETosis and NET formation via inhibition of NETosis and promotion of NET degradation, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Zhu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wu Q, Luo S, Xie X. The impact of anti-tumor approaches on the outcomes of cancer patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis based on 52 cohorts incorporating 9231 participants. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:241. [PMID: 35246063 PMCID: PMC8895689 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the impact of anti-tumor approaches (including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy) on the outcomes of cancer patients with COVID-19. METHODS Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant trials. The primary endpoints were severe disease and death of cancer patients treated with anti-tumor therapy before COVID-19 diagnosis. In addition, stratified analyses were implemented towards various types of anti-tumor therapy and other prognostic factors. Furthermore, odds ratios (ORs) were hereby adopted to measure the outcomes with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS As indicated in the study consisting of 9231 individuals from 52 cohorts in total, anti-tumor therapy before COVID-19 diagnosis could elevate the risk of death in cancer patients (OR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.07-1.36, P = 0.0026) and the incidence of severe COVID-19 (OR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.01-1.40, P = 0.0412). Among various anti-tumor approaches, chemotherapy distinguished to increase the incidence of death (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.08-1.38, P = 0.0013) and severe COVID-19 (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.02-1.18, P = 0.0165) as to cancer patients with COVID-19. Moreover, for cancer patients with COVID-19, surgery and targeted therapy could add to the risk of death (OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.00-1.61, P = 0.0472), and the incidence of severe COVID-19 (OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.01-1.30, P = 0.0357) respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the incidence of death (OR = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.03-1.34, P = 0.0158) raised in case of chemotherapy adopted for solid tumor with COVID-19. Besides, age, gender, hypertension, COPD, smoking and lung cancer all served as potential prognostic factors for both death and severe disease of cancer patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Anti-tumor therapy, especially chemotherapy, augmented the risk of severe disease and death for cancer patients with COVID-19, so did surgery for the risk of death and targeted therapy for the incidence of severe COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Shuimei Luo
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Xianhe Xie
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20, Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Qu N, Hui Z, Shen Z, Kan C, Hou N, Sun X, Han F. Thyroid Cancer and COVID-19: Prospects for Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873027. [PMID: 35600591 PMCID: PMC9114699 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy and the reported incidence of thyroid cancer has continued to increase in recent years. Since 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide in a global pandemic. COVID-19 aggravates primary illnesses and affects disease management; relevant changes include delayed diagnosis and treatment. The thyroid is an endocrine organ that is susceptible to autoimmune attack; thus, thyroid cancer after COVID-19 has gradually attracted attention. Whether COVID-19 affects the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer has also attracted the attention of many researchers. This review examines the literature regarding the influence of COVID-19 on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid cancer; it also focuses on drug therapies to promote research into strategies for improving therapy and management in thyroid cancer patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zongguang Hui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhixin Shen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Han, ; Xiaodong Sun,
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Han, ; Xiaodong Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mayta-Tovalino F, Nieto-Chumbipuma J, Silva-Reategui L, Fernandez-Giusti A, Barja-Ore J, Retamozo-Siancas Y. Scientometric analysis of the world scientific production on tuberculosis associated with COVID-19. Int J Mycobacteriol 2022; 11:249-255. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_81_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
40
|
Napolitano S, Caputo V, Ventriglia A, Martini G, Della Corte CM, De Falco V, Ferretti S, Martinelli E, Morgillo F, Ciardiello D, De Vita F, Orditura M, Fasano M, Ciardiello F, Troiani T. OUP accepted manuscript. Oncologist 2022; 27:e633-e641. [PMID: 35604409 PMCID: PMC9355826 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CoronaVirus disease-2019 has changed the delivery of health care worldwide and the pandemic has challenged oncologists to reorganize cancer care. Recently, progress has been made in the field of precision medicine to provide to patients with cancer the best therapeutic choice for their individual needs. In this context, the Foundation Medicine (FMI)-Liquid@Home project has emerged as a key weapon to deal with the new pandemic situation. FoundationOne Liquid Assay (F1L) is a next-generation sequences-based liquid biopsy service, able to detect 324 molecular alterations and genomic signatures, from May 2020 available at patients’ home (FMI-Liquid@Home). We analyzed time and costs saving for patients with cancer, their caregivers and National Healthcare System (NHS) with FMI-Liquid@Home versus F1L performed at our Department. Different variables have been evaluated. Between May 2020 and August 2021, 218 FMI-Liquid@Home were performed for patients with cancer in Italy. Among these, our Department performed 153 FMI-Liquid@Home with the success rate of 98% (vs. 95% for F1L in the hospital). Time saving for patients and their caregivers was 494.86 and 427.36 hours, respectively, and costs saving was 13 548.70€. Moreover, for working people these savings were 1084.71 hours and 31 239.65€, respectively. In addition, the total gain for the hospital was 163.5 hours and 6785€, whereas for NHS was 1084.71 hours and 51 573.60€, respectively. FMI-Liquid@Home service appears to be useful and convenient allowing time and costs saving for patients, caregivers, and NHS. Born during the COVID-19 pandemic, it could be integrated in oncological daily routine in the future. Therefore, additional studies are needed to better understand the overall gain and how to integrate this service in different countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Ventriglia
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Martini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carminia Maria Della Corte
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Falco
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Erika Martinelli
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Floriana Morgillo
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ferdinando De Vita
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Orditura
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Morena Fasano
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Napoli, Italy
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Corresponding author: Teresa Troiani, Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy. Tel: +39 0815666729;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tolunay O, Çelik Ü, Arslan I, Tutun B, Özkaya M. Evaluation of Clinical Findings and Treatment Results of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pediatric Cancer Patients: A Single Center Experience. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:848379. [PMID: 35359885 PMCID: PMC8960421 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.848379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to evaluate the clinical findings and treatment results of COVID-19 in pediatric cancer patients. STUDY DESIGN The study was designed as a single-center retrospective observational study. Pediatric cancer patients with COVID-19 admitted to the University of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital pediatric COVID wards from October 2020 to October 2021 were included. Clinical data and demographic characteristics were retrieved from patient files. RESULTS A total of 45 pediatric cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 8.68 ± 5.16 years (range 1.5-17.5), 62.2% were men, 37.8% were Turkish citizens, and 62.2% were Syrian refugees. A total of 41 patients (91.1%) had leukemia/lymphoma, while 4 (8.9%) had solid tumors. The most common symptoms were fever (66.7%), respiratory (35.6%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (17.8%). Disease severity was evaluated as mild in 46.7%, moderate in 44.4%, and severe in 8.9% of patients. Patients presented with lymphopenia (88.9%), thrombocytopenia (73.3%), anemia (71.1%), and neutropenia (62.2%). Mean hospital length of stay was 15.18 ± 10.34 (range 6-62) days overall and 9.5 ± 2.39 (range 2 to 28) days in the PICU. Intensive care unit admission rate was 8.9%, and mortality rate was 4.4%. Median viral shedding period was 21 days (range 7-52). CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that the mortality rate, length of hospital stay, and the need for intensive care of pediatric cancer patients with COVID-19 are higher than those of healthy children. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further evaluate the clinical findings and treatment results of COVID-19 in pediatric cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orkun Tolunay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ümit Çelik
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Arslan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Bugra Tutun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Merve Özkaya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ramchandani S, Mohan CD, Mistry JR, Su Q, Naz I, Rangappa KS, Ahn KS. The multifaceted antineoplastic role of pyrimethamine against different human malignancies. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:198-212. [PMID: 34921584 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer accounted for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The chemotherapeutic agents that are in clinical practice possess a broad range of severe adverse effects towards vital organs which emphasizes the importance of the discovery of new therapeutic agents or repurposing of existing drugs for the treatment of human cancers. Pyrimethamine is an antiparasitic drug used for the treatment of malaria and toxoplasmosis with a well-documented excellent safety profile. In the last five years, numerous efforts have been made to explore the anticancer potential of pyrimethamine in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models and to repurpose it as an anticancer agent. The studies have demonstrated that pyrimethamine inhibits oncogenic proteins such as STAT3, NF-κB, DX2, MAPK, DHFR, thymidine phosphorylase, telomerase, and many more in a different types of cancer models. Moreover, pyrimethamine has been reported to work in synergy with other anticancer agents, such as temozolomide, to induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Recently, the results of phase-1/2 clinical trials demonstrated that pyrimethamine administration reduces the expression of STAT3 signature genes in tumor tissues of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with a good therapeutic response. In the present article, we have reviewed most of the published papers related to the antitumor effects of pyrimethamine in malignancies of breast, liver, lung, skin, ovary, prostate, pituitary, and leukemia in in vitro and in vivo settings. We have also discussed the pharmacokinetic profile and results of clinical trials obtained after pyrimethamine treatment. From these studies, we believe that pyrimethamine has the potential to be repurposed as an anticancer drug. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanaya Ramchandani
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jenaifer Rustom Mistry
- Jenaifer Rustom Mistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qi Su
- Qi Su, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore
| | - Irum Naz
- Irum Naz, Qaid-i-Azam, University of Islamabad & Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Proportion of Hematological Cancer Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2021; 44:225-234. [PMID: 34931178 PMCID: PMC8673822 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a novel infection which has spread rapidly across the globe and currently presents a grave threat to the health of the cancer patient. Objective The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the proportion of hematological cancer patients with the SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method A comprehensive literature review was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EKB SciELO, SID, CNKI and Wanfang databases to retrieve all relevant publications up to January 31, 2021. Observational studies, consecutive case-series and case-control studies were included. The proportion for hematological cancer patients with COVID-19 was estimated using the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CIs). Results Fourteen studies with a total of 3,770 infected cancer patients and 685 hematological cancer cases with COVID-19 were selected. Combined data revealed that the overall proportion of hematological cancer patients with COVID-19 was 16.5% (95% CI 0.130 - 0.208, p ≤ 0.001). The stratified analysis by ethnicity showed that the proportion was 18.8% and 12.4% in Caucasian and Asian hematological cancer patients with COVID-19, respectively. Moreover, subgroup analysis by country of origin showed that its proportion was the highest in the United Kingdom (22.5%), followed by France (17.1%) and China (8.2%). Conclusion This meta-analysis result indicated that the proportion of hematological cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic was 16.5%. Further larger sample sizes and multicenter studies among different ethnic groups are necessary to get a better assessment of the proportion.
Collapse
|
44
|
Bader-Larsen KS, Larson EA, Dalamaga M, Magkos F. A Narrative Review of the Safety of Anti-COVID-19 Nutraceuticals for Patients with Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236094. [PMID: 34885202 PMCID: PMC8656592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dietary supplement use has increased more than 35% globally since the COVID-19 outbreak. While some nutraceuticals are potentially efficacious against severe disease from COVID-19, their indiscriminate use by patients with cancer without medical supervision is concerning. The aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the data on safety of “anti-COVID-19” nutraceuticals for patients with cancer. We found that the use of vitamin C, vitamin D, and selenium supplements is likely safe and even potentially beneficial at typically recommended doses. However, caution is advised regarding the use of omega-3 fatty acids and zinc, as risks from their use may outweigh the benefits. Abstract Interest in dietary supplements and their efficacy in treating and preventing disease has increased greatly since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with cancer, we conducted a narrative review aiming to better understand the data on the safety of the most efficacious “anti-COVID-19” nutraceuticals for patients with cancer. We conducted a PubMed database search aimed at identifying the most effective nutrients for use against COVID-19. For the identified nutraceuticals, we searched PubMed again regarding their safety for patients with cancer. Fifty-four total records (52 independent studies) were retrieved, pertaining to vitamin D, vitamin C, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc. Vitamin D results from 23 articles indicated safe use, but two articles indicated potential harm. All 14 articles for vitamin C and five out of six articles for selenium indicated the safety of use (one study for selenium suggested harm with high-dose supplementation). Results for omega-3 fatty acids (seven articles) and zinc (one article), however, were rather mixed regarding safety. We conclude that vitamin D, vitamin C, and selenium supplements are likely safe or even beneficial at typically recommended doses; however, caution is urged with omega-3 fatty acid supplements, and zinc supplements should likely be avoided. More experimental research is needed, and nutraceutical use by patients with cancer should always be under the supervision of a healthcare team.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlen Stade Bader-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (K.S.B.-L.); (E.A.L.)
| | - Elisabeth Anne Larson
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (K.S.B.-L.); (E.A.L.)
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (K.S.B.-L.); (E.A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-3533-3671
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Molecular modeling piloted analysis for semicarbazone derivative of curcumin as a potent Abl-kinase inhibitor targeting colon cancer. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:506. [PMID: 34840927 PMCID: PMC8606278 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human Abl kinases comprise a family of proteins that are known to be key stimulus drivers in the signaling pathways modulating cell growth, cell survival, cell adhesion, and apoptosis. Recent collative studies have indicated the role of activation of Abl and Abl-related genes in solid tumors; further terming the Abl kinases as molecular switches which promote proliferation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The up-regulated Abl-kinase expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of Abl tyrosine kinase activity in the Matrigel invasion of CRC cells have cemented its significance in CRC advancement. Therefore, the requisite of identifying small molecules which serve as Abl selective inhibitors and designing anti-Abl therapies, particularly for CRC tumors, has driven this study. Curcumin has been touted as an effective inhibitor of cancer cells; however, it is limited by its physicochemical inadequacies. Hence, we have studied the behavior of heterocyclic derivatives of curcumin via computational tools such as pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, free-energy binding, and ADME profiling. The most actively docked molecule, 3,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylstyryl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide, was comparatively evaluated against Curcumin via molecular dynamics simulation using Desmond, Schrödinger. The study exhibited the improved stability of the derivative as compared to Curcumin in the tested protein pocket and displayed the interaction bonds with the contacted key amino acids. To further establish the claim, the derivatives were synthesized via the mechanism of cyclization of Curcumin and screened in vitro using SRB assay against human CRC cell line, HCT 116. The active derivative indicated an IC50 value of 5.85 µM, which was sevenfold lower as compared to Curcumin’s IC50 of 35.40 µM. Hence, the results base the potential role of the curcumin derivative in modulating Abl-kinase activity and in turn may have potential therapeutic value as a lead for CRC therapy.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ullah S, Ullah F, Rahman W, Karras DA, Ullah A, Ahmad G, Ijaz M, Gao T. CRDB: A Centralized Cancer Research DataBase and an example use case mining correlation statistics of cancer and covid-19 (Preprint). JMIR Cancer 2021; 8:e35020. [PMID: 35430561 PMCID: PMC9191331 DOI: 10.2196/35020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dimitrios A Karras
- Department General, Faculty of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anees Ullah
- Kyrgyz State Medical University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | | | | | - Tianshun Gao
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li Y, Wang X, Wang W. The Impact of COVID-19 on Cancer. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3809-3816. [PMID: 34557004 PMCID: PMC8455900 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s324569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since late December 2019, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its rapid international spread have posed a global health threat. The World Health Organization has declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as "public health emergency of international concern". COVID-19 not only brings tremendous pressure to the medical system but also brings new challenges to the global economy. The occurrence and development of cancer has always been an area of active research, and COVID-19 also has a long-lasting impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and research of cancer. In the context, we review the adverse effects of COVID-19 on the screening, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancer patients and the countermeasures in this situation, and provide solutions for improving the quality of life of cancer patients in the normalized prevention and control of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nowara E, Działach E, Grajek M, Kolosza Z, Huszno J. Outcome of COVID-19 infection in cancer patients during active systemic anticancer treatment. Single-institution experience. A retrospective analysis. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2021; 25:147-152. [PMID: 34729033 PMCID: PMC8547185 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2021.109362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with cancer undergoing active systemic anticancer treatment (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted, or combination therapy) are at greater risk of COVID-19 infection than persons without cancer. In this paper, the authors analyse the spread of the coronavirus among cancer patients undergoing systemic therapy, and the impact of COVID-19 infection on the continuation of cancer treatment and its outcome at one community hospital in a mid-sized city in the south of Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nasopharyngeal swab was the only collection method used to obtain specimens for testing via real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Only those with positive RT-PCR results were considered as confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases. We analysed the medical records of patients quarantined in a hospital clinical oncology ward due to confirmed COVID-19 infection in one member of the group. Qualitative measures are presented as the percentage of their occurrence, and these were evaluated with Fisher's test. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS Cancer patients had more frequent confirmed COVID-19 infection than other patients (3.7% vs. 1.2%). Among cancer patients COVID-19 infection was significantly more frequent in women than in men, p = 0.005. The fatality rate was 27.3% in cancer patients undergoing active anticancer therapy, compared to 3% in the general Polish population. Neither heparin nor G-CSF use had any influence on COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSIONS In this analysis, the only significant negative factor for COVID-19 infection was female sex, RR (95% CI) = 4.5 (1.3-15.8), (p = 0.005), and this was attributable to individual behaviour.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Nowara
- Department of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Czestochowa, Poland|
| | - Eliza Działach
- Department of Public Health, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Grajek
- Department of Public Health, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zofia Kolosza
- Narodowy Instytut Onkologii Gliwice Branch, Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Huszno
- Department of Radiotherapy, Narodowy Instytut Onkologii Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
The high expression of SARS-CoV-2 cell receptors might lead to higher COVID-19 infection rates in cancer patients. J Infect 2021; 83:709-737. [PMID: 34481830 PMCID: PMC8411593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
50
|
Sharafeldin N, Bates B, Song Q, Madhira V, Yan Y, Dong S, Lee E, Kuhrt N, Shao YR, Liu F, Bergquist T, Guinney J, Su J, Topaloglu U. Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients With Cancer: Report From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:2232-2246. [PMID: 34085538 PMCID: PMC8260918 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Variation in risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with cancer and COVID-19 has been reported from relatively small cohorts. The NCATS' National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) is a centralized data resource representing the largest multicenter cohort of COVID-19 cases and controls nationwide. We aimed to construct and characterize the cancer cohort within N3C and identify risk factors for all-cause mortality from COVID-19. METHODS We used 4,382,085 patients from 50 US medical centers to construct a cohort of patients with cancer. We restricted analyses to adults ≥ 18 years old with a COVID-19-positive or COVID-19-negative diagnosis between January 1, 2020, and March 25, 2021. We followed N3C selection of an index encounter per patient for analyses. All analyses were performed in the N3C Data Enclave Palantir platform. RESULTS A total of 398,579 adult patients with cancer were identified from the N3C cohort; 63,413 (15.9%) were COVID-19-positive. Most common represented cancers were skin (13.8%), breast (13.7%), prostate (10.6%), hematologic (10.5%), and GI cancers (10%). COVID-19 positivity was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.24). Among COVID-19-positive patients, age ≥ 65 years, male gender, Southern or Western US residence, an adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index score ≥ 4, hematologic malignancy, multitumor sites, and recent cytotoxic therapy were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. Patients who received recent immunotherapies or targeted therapies did not have higher risk of overall mortality. CONCLUSION Using N3C, we assembled the largest nationally representative cohort of patients with cancer and COVID-19 to date. We identified demographic and clinical factors associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients with cancer. Full characterization of the cohort will provide further insights into the effects of COVID-19 on cancer outcomes and the ability to continue specific cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha Sharafeldin
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | | | - Yao Yan
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | - Feifan Liu
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Jing Su
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | |
Collapse
|