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Zhang Y, Zheng BY, Zhang QF, Zhao YN, Yu QM, Liu X, Ding SY, Qian SS, Wu H, Wu QY, Zhang YH, Zheng L, Zhang XH, Zhang HF, Hao YM, Lu JC, Wang L, Wen JK, Zheng B. Nanoparticles targeting OPN loaded with BY1 inhibits vascular restenosis by inducing FTH1-dependent ferroptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biomaterials 2024; 309:122613. [PMID: 38759485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Vascular restenosis following angioplasty continues to pose a significant challenge. The heterocyclic trioxirane compound [1, 3, 5-tris((oxiran-2-yl)methyl)-1, 3, 5-triazinane-2, 4, 6-trione (TGIC)], known for its anticancer activity, was utilized as the parent ring to conjugate with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, resulting in the creation of the spliced conjugated compound BY1. We found that BY1 induced ferroptosis in VSMCs as well as in neointima hyperplasia. Furthermore, ferroptosis inducers amplified BY1-induced cell death, while inhibitors mitigated it, indicating the contribution of ferroptosis to BY1-induced cell death. Additionally, we established that ferritin heavy chain1 (FTH1) played a pivotal role in BY1-induced ferroptosis, as evidenced by the fact that FTH1 overexpression abrogated BY1-induced ferroptosis, while FTH1 knockdown exacerbated it. Further study found that BY1 induced ferroptosis by enhancing the NCOA4-FTH1 interaction and increasing the amount of intracellular ferrous. We compared the effectiveness of various administration routes for BY1, including BY1-coated balloons, hydrogel-based BY1 delivery, and nanoparticles targeting OPN loaded with BY1 (TOP@MPDA@BY1) for targeting proliferated VSMCs, for prevention and treatment of the restenosis. Our results indicated that TOP@MPDA@BY1 was the most effective among the three administration routes, positioning BY1 as a highly promising candidate for the development of drug-eluting stents or treatments for restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Bo-Yang Zheng
- Department of tumor biotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Qian-Fan Zhang
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qi-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Si-Ying Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qian-Yu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yu-Han Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Hao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yi-Ming Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jing-Chao Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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Conroy LJ, McCann A, Zhang N, de Gaetano M. The role of nanosystems in the delivery of glucose-lowering drugs for the preemption and treatment of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1398-C1409. [PMID: 38525540 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00695.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. In recent decades, type-2 diabetes has become increasingly common, particularly in younger individuals. Diabetes leads to many vascular complications, including atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease characterized by lipid-rich plaques within the vasculature. Plaques develop over time, restricting blood flow, and can, therefore, be the underlying cause of major adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke. Diabetes and atherosclerosis are intrinsically linked. Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome that accelerates atherosclerosis and increases the risk of developing other comorbidities, such as diabetes-associated atherosclerosis (DAA). Gold standard antidiabetic medications focus on attenuating hyperglycemia. Though recent evidence suggests that glucose-lowering drugs may have broader applications, beyond diabetes management. This review mainly evaluates the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), such as liraglutide and semaglutide in DAA. These drugs mimic gut hormones (incretins), which inhibit glucagon secretion while stimulating insulin secretion, thus improving insulin sensitivity. This facilitates delayed gastric emptying and increased patient satiety; hence, they are also indicated for the treatment of obesity. GLP-1 RAs have significant cardioprotective effects, including decreasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Liraglutide and semaglutide have specifically been shown to decrease cardiovascular risk. Liraglutide has displayed a myriad of antiatherosclerotic properties, with the potential to induce plaque regression. This review aims to address how glucose-lowering medications can be applied to treat diseases other than diabetes. We specifically focus on how nanomedicines can be used for the site-specific delivery of antidiabetic medicines for the treatment of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke James Conroy
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute & School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alyssa McCann
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monica de Gaetano
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute & School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Brennan PG, Mota L, Aridi T, Patel N, Liang P, Ferran C. Advancements in Omics and Breakthrough Gene Therapies: A Glimpse into the Future of Peripheral Artery Disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2024:S0890-5096(24)00156-0. [PMID: 38582204 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2024.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD), a highly prevalent global disease, associates with significant morbidity and mortality in affected patients. Despite progress in endovascular and open revascularization techniques for advanced PAD, these interventions grapple with elevated rates of arterial restenosis and vein graft failure attributed to intimal hyperplasia (IH). Novel multiomics technologies, coupled with sophisticated analyses tools recently powered by advances in artificial intelligence, have enabled the study of atherosclerosis and IH with unprecedented single-cell and spatial precision. Numerous studies have pinpointed gene hubs regulating pivotal atherogenic and atheroprotective signaling pathways as potential therapeutic candidates. Leveraging advancements in viral and nonviral gene therapy (GT) platforms, gene editing technologies, and cutting-edge biomaterial reservoirs for delivery uniquely positions us to develop safe, efficient, and targeted GTs for PAD-related diseases. Gene therapies appear particularly fitting for ex vivo genetic engineering of IH-resistant vein grafts. This manuscript highlights currently available state-of-the-art multiomics approaches, explores promising GT-based candidates, and details GT delivery modalities employed by our laboratory and others to thwart mid-term vein graft failure caused by IH, as well as other PAD-related conditions. The potential clinical translation of these targeted GTs holds the promise to revolutionize PAD treatment, thereby enhancing patients' quality of life and life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip G Brennan
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lucas Mota
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tarek Aridi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nyah Patel
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Patric Liang
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Division of Nephrology and the Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Luo T, Zhang Z, Xu J, Liu H, Cai L, Huang G, Wang C, Chen Y, Xia L, Ding X, Wang J, Li X. Atherosclerosis treatment with nanoagent: potential targets, stimulus signals and drug delivery mechanisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1205751. [PMID: 37404681 PMCID: PMC10315585 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1205751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is the first killer of human health, and it caused up at least 31% of global deaths. Atherosclerosis is one of the main reasons caused CVDs. Oral drug therapy with statins and other lipid-regulating drugs is the conventional treatment strategies for atherosclerosis. However, conventional therapeutic strategies are constrained by low drug utilization and non-target organ injury problems. Micro-nano materials, including particles, liposomes, micelles and bubbles, have been developed as the revolutionized tools for CVDs detection and drug delivery, specifically atherosclerotic targeting treatment. Furthermore, the micro-nano materials also could be designed to intelligently and responsive targeting drug delivering, and then become a promising tool to achieve atherosclerosis precision treatment. This work reviewed the advances in atherosclerosis nanotherapy, including the materials carriers, target sites, responsive model and treatment results. These nanoagents precisely delivery the therapeutic agents to the target atherosclerosis sites, and intelligent and precise release of drugs, which could minimize the potential adverse effects and be more effective in atherosclerosis lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunbin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingzhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xunshi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Gong Y, Liu H, Ke S, Zhuo L, Wang H. Latest advances in biomimetic nanomaterials for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1037741. [PMID: 36684578 PMCID: PMC9846151 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1037741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death in China, with increasingly serious negative effects on people and society. Despite significant advances in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, such as atrial fibrillation/flutter and heart failure over the last few years, much more remains to be done. Therefore, developing innovative methods for identifying and managing cardiovascular disorders is critical. Nanomaterials provide multiple benefits in biomedicine, primarily better catalytic activity, drug loading, targeting, and imaging. Biomimetic materials and nanoparticles are specially combined to synthesize biomimetic nanoparticles that successfully reduce the nanoparticles' toxicity and immunogenicity while enhancing histocompatibility. Additionally, the biological targeting capability of nanoparticles facilitates the diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular disease. Nowadays, nanomedicine still faces numerous challenges, which necessitates creating nanoparticles that are highly selective, toxic-free, and better clinically applicable. This study reviews the scientific accomplishments in this field over the past few years covering the classification, applications, and prospects of noble metal biomimetic nanozymes and biomimetic nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Gong
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaying Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Ke
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhuo
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China,Li Zhuo,
| | - Haibin Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Haibin Wang,
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Hu W, Jiang J. Hypersensitivity and in-stent restenosis in coronary stent materials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1003322. [PMID: 36185438 PMCID: PMC9521847 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1003322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a type of cardiovascular disease with the highest mortality rate worldwide. Percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention (PCI) is the most effective method for treating CHD. However, in-stent restenosis (ISR), a long-term complication after PCI, affects the prognosis of patients with CHD. Previous studies have suggested that hypersensitivity reactions induced by metallic components may be one of the reasons of this complication. With the emergence of first- and second-generation drug-eluting stents (DES), the efficacy and prognosis of patients with CHD have greatly improved, and the incidence of ISR has gradually decreased to less than 10%. Nevertheless, DES components have been reported to induce hypersensitivity reactions, either individually or synergistically, and cause local inflammation and neointima formation, leading to long-term adverse cardiovascular events. In this article, we described the relationship between ISR and hypersensitivity from different perspectives, including its possible pathogenesis, and discussed their potential influencing factors and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansong Hu
- Department of Heart Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Jiang,
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Laser Additive Manufacturing of Anti-Tetrachiral Endovascular Stents with Negative Poisson’s Ratio and Favorable Cytocompatibility. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071135. [PMID: 35888952 PMCID: PMC9315478 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) of complex-shaped metallic components offers great potential for fabricating customized endovascular stents. In this study, anti-tetrachiral auxetic stents with negative Poisson ratios (NPR) were designed and fabricated via LAM. Poisson’s ratios of models with different diameters of circular node (DCN) were calculated using finite element analysis (FEA). The experimental method was conducted with the LAM-fabricated anti-tetrachiral stents to validate their NPR effect and the simulation results. The results show that, with the increase in DCN from 0.6 to 1.5 mm, the Poisson ratios of anti-tetrachiral stents varied from −1.03 to −1.12, which is in line with the simulation results. The interrelationship between structural parameters of anti-tetrachiral stents, their mechanical properties and biocompatibility was demonstrated. The anti-tetrachiral stents with a DCN of 0.9 mm showed the highest absolute value of negative Poisson’s ratio, combined with good cytocompatibility. The cytocompatibility tests indicate the envisaged cell viability and adhesion of the vascular endothelial cell on the LAM-fabricated anti-tetrachiral auxetic stents. The manufactured stents exhibit great superiority in the application of endovascular stent implantation due to their high flexibility for easy maneuverability during deployment and enough strength for arterial support.
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Abbasnezhad N, Zirak N, Champmartin S, Shirinbayan M, Bakir F. An Overview of In Vitro Drug Release Methods for Drug-Eluting Stents. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2751. [PMID: 35808798 PMCID: PMC9269075 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug release profile of drug-eluting stents (DESs) is affected by a number of factors, including the formulation, design, and physicochemical properties of the utilized material. DES has been around for twenty years and despite its widespread clinical use, and efficacy in lowering the rate of target lesion restenosis, it still requires additional development to reduce side effects and provide long-term clinical stability. Unfortunately, for analyzing these implants, there is still no globally accepted in vitro test method. This is owing to the stent's complexity as well as the dynamic arterial compartments of the blood and vascular wall. The former is the source of numerous biological, chemical, and physical mechanisms that are more commonly observed in tissue, lumen, and DES. As a result, universalizing bio-relevant apparatus, suitable for liberation testing of such complex implants is difficult. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the methods used for in vitro release testing of DESs. Aspects related to the correlation of the release profiles in the cases of in vitro and in vivo are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navideh Abbasnezhad
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France; (N.Z.); (S.C.)
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, PIMM, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Nader Zirak
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France; (N.Z.); (S.C.)
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, PIMM, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Stéphane Champmartin
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France; (N.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Mohammadali Shirinbayan
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, PIMM, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Farid Bakir
- Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, F-75013 Paris, France; (N.Z.); (S.C.)
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De R, Mahata MK, Kim K. Structure-Based Varieties of Polymeric Nanocarriers and Influences of Their Physicochemical Properties on Drug Delivery Profiles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105373. [PMID: 35112798 PMCID: PMC8981462 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Carriers are equally important as drugs. They can substantially improve bioavailability of cargos and safeguard healthy cells from toxic effects of certain therapeutics. Recently, polymeric nanocarriers (PNCs) have achieved significant success in delivering drugs not only to cells but also to subcellular organelles. Variety of natural sources, availability of different synthetic routes, versatile molecular architectures, exploitable physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability have presented polymers as one of the most desired materials for nanocarrier design. Recent innovative concepts and advances in PNC-associated nanotechnology are providing unprecedented opportunities to engineer nanocarriers and their functions. The efficiency of therapeutic loading has got considerably increased. Structural design-based varieties of PNCs are widely employed for the delivery of small therapeutic molecules to genes, and proteins. PNCs have gained ever-increasing attention and certainly paves the way to develop advanced nanomedicines. This article presents a comprehensive investigation of structural design-based varieties of PNCs and the influences of their physicochemical properties on drug delivery profiles with perspectives highlighting the inevitability of incorporating both the multi-stimuli-responsive and multi-drug delivery properties in a single carrier to design intelligent PNCs as new and emerging research directions in this rapidly developing area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit De
- Laboratory of Molecular NeurophysiologyDepartment of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)77 Cheongam‐RoPohangGyeongbuk37673South Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB)Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)77 Cheongam‐RoPohangGyeongbuk37673South Korea
| | - Manoj Kumar Mahata
- Drittes Physikalisches Institut ‐ BiophysikGeorg‐August‐Universität GöttingenFriedrich‐Hund‐Platz 1Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Kyong‐Tai Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular NeurophysiologyDepartment of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)77 Cheongam‐RoPohangGyeongbuk37673South Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB)Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)77 Cheongam‐RoPohangGyeongbuk37673South Korea
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Tian J, Song X, Wang Y, Cheng M, Lu S, Xu W, Gao G, Sun L, Tang Z, Wang M, Zhang X. Regulatory perspectives of combination products. Bioact Mater 2022; 10:492-503. [PMID: 34901562 PMCID: PMC8637005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination products with a wide range of clinical applications represent a unique class of medical products that are composed of more than a singular medical device or drug/biological product. The product research and development, clinical translation as well as regulatory evaluation of combination products are complex and challenging. This review firstly introduced the origin, definition and designation of combination products. Key areas of systematic regulatory review on the safety and efficacy of device-led/supervised combination products were then presented. Preclinical and clinical evaluation of combination products was discussed. Lastly, the research prospect of regulatory science for combination products was described. New tools of computational modeling and simulation, novel technologies such as artificial intelligence, needs of developing new standards, evidence-based research methods, new approaches including the designation of innovative or breakthrough medical products have been developed and could be used to assess the safety, efficacy, quality and performance of combination products. Taken together, the fast development of combination products with great potentials in healthcare provides new opportunities for the advancement of regulatory review as well as regulatory science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Tian
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Song
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Maobo Cheng
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Guobiao Gao
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonglan Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices & NMPA Research Base of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Myocardial Ischemic Injury: State of the Art and Translational Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071165. [PMID: 35406729 PMCID: PMC8998015 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in western countries. Among cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction represents a life-threatening condition predisposing to the development of heart failure. In recent decades, much effort has been invested in studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and post-ischemic cardiac remodeling. These mechanisms include metabolic alterations, ROS overproduction, inflammation, autophagy deregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review article discusses the most recent evidence regarding the molecular basis of myocardial ischemic injury and the new potential therapeutic interventions for boosting cardioprotection and attenuating cardiac remodeling.
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12
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Li L, Liu S, Tan J, Wei L, Wu D, Gao S, Weng Y, Chen J. Recent advance in treatment of atherosclerosis: Key targets and plaque-positioned delivery strategies. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221088509. [PMID: 35356091 PMCID: PMC8958685 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221088509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of vascular wall, is a progressive pathophysiological process with lipids oxidation/depositing initiation and innate/adaptive immune responses. The coordination of multi systems covering oxidative stress, dysfunctional endothelium, diseased lipid uptake, cell apoptosis, thrombotic and pro-inflammatory responding as well as switched SMCs contributes to plaque growth. In this circumstance, inevitably, targeting these processes is considered to be effective for treating atherosclerosis. Arriving, retention and working of payload candidates mediated by targets in lesion direct ultimate therapeutic outcomes. Accumulating a series of scientific studies and clinical practice in the past decades, lesion homing delivery strategies including stent/balloon/nanoparticle-based transportation worked as the potent promotor to ensure a therapeutic effect. The objective of this review is to achieve a very brief summary about the effective therapeutic methods cooperating specifical targets and positioning-delivery strategies in atherosclerosis for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Sainan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jianying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dimeng Wu
- Chengdu Daxan Innovative Medical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Chengdu Daxan Innovative Medical Tech. Co., Ltd., Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yajun Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Junying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
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13
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Wang X, Gao B, Feng Y. Recent advances in inhibiting atherosclerosis and restenosis: from pathogenic factors, therapeutic agents to nano-delivery strategies. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1685-1708. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00003b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to dominant atherosclerosis etiology, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In clinical trials, advanced atherosclerotic plaques can be removed by angioplasty and vascular...
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14
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Paluszkiewicz P, Martuszewski A, Zaręba N, Wala K, Banasik M, Kepinska M. The Application of Nanoparticles in Diagnosis and Treatment of Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010131. [PMID: 35008556 PMCID: PMC8745391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is currently showing great promise for new methods of diagnosing and treating many diseases, particularly in kidney disease and transplantation. The unique properties of nanoparticles arise from the diversity of size effects, used to design targeted nanoparticles for specific cells or tissues, taking renal clearance and tubular secretion mechanisms into account. The design of surface particles on nanoparticles offers a wide range of possibilities, among which antibodies play an important role. Nanoparticles find applications in encapsulated drug delivery systems containing immunosuppressants and other drugs, in imaging, gene therapies and many other branches of medicine. They have the potential to revolutionize kidney transplantation by reducing and preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury, more efficiently delivering drugs to the graft site while avoiding systemic effects, accurately localizing and visualising the diseased site and enabling continuous monitoring of graft function. So far, there are known nanoparticles with no toxic effects on human tissue, although further studies are still needed to confirm their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Paluszkiewicz
- Department of Emergency Medical Service, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Adrian Martuszewski
- Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Natalia Zaręba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Kamila Wala
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Banasik
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-71-733-2500 (M.B.); +48-71-784-0171 (M.K.)
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (M.K.); Tel.: +48-71-733-2500 (M.B.); +48-71-784-0171 (M.K.)
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15
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Tripathi J, Vasu B, Bég OA, Gorla RSR, Kameswaran PK. Computational simulation of rheological blood flow containing hybrid nanoparticles in an inclined catheterized artery with stenotic, aneurysmal and slip effects. Comput Biol Med 2021; 139:105009. [PMID: 34775156 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Influenced by nano-drug delivery applications, the present article considers the collective effects of hybrid biocompatible metallic nanoparticles (Silver and Copper), a stenosis and an aneurysm on the unsteady blood flow characteristics in a catheterized tapered inclined artery. The non-Newtonian Carreau fluid model is deployed to represent the hemorheological characteristics in the arterial region. A modified Tiwari-Das volume fraction model is adopted for nanoscale effects. The permeability of the arterial wall and the inclination of the diseased artery are taken into account. The nanoparticles are also considered to have various shapes (bricks, cylinders, platelets, blades) and therefore the influence of different shape parameters is discussed. The conservation equations for mass, linear momentum and energy are normalized by employing suitable non-dimensional variables. The transformed equations with associated boundary conditions are solved numerically using the FTCS method. Key hemodynamic characteristics i.e. velocity, temperature, flow rate, wall shear stress (WSS) in stenotic and aneurysm region for a particular critical height of the stenosis, are computed. Hybrid nanoparticles (Ag-Cu/Blood) accelerate the axial flow and increase temperatures significantly compared with unitary nanoparticles (Ag/blood), at both the stenosis and aneurysm segments. Axial velocity, temperature and flow rate are all enhanced with greater nanoparticle shape factor. Axial velocity, temperature, wall shear stress and flow rate magnitudes are always comparatively higher at the aneurysm region compared with the stenotic segment. The simulations provide novel insights into the performance of different nanoparticle geometries and also rheological behaviour in realistic nano-pharmaco-dynamic transport and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, U.P, India
| | - B Vasu
- Department of Mathematics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, U.P, India.
| | - O Anwar Bég
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Salford University, Salford, M54WT, UK
| | - Rama Subba Reddy Gorla
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Peri K Kameswaran
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India
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16
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Ghasempour G, Shaikhnia F, Soleimani AA, Rahimi B, Najafi M. Correlations between vitronectin, miR-520, and miR-34 in patients with stenosis of coronary arteries. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7913-7920. [PMID: 34652615 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-stent restenosis usually occurs by platelet activation, neointima formation, VSMC migration, and proliferation in the position of the vessel stent. The monocytes have a magnificent role in neointimal hyperplasia since these cells recruit to the site of vessel injury through chemokines and other secretion proteins. This study is focused on the investigation of vitronectin, miR-193, miR-34, and miR-520 expression levels in PBMCs isolated from stenosed patients. METHODS A total of sixty subjects undergoing coronary artery angiography containing patients with stent no restenosis (n = 20), in-stent restenosis (n = 20), and healthy participants (n = 20) participated in the study. The vitronectin, miR-193, miR-34, and miR-520 expression levels were measured by the RT-qPCR technique. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. RESULTS The vitronectin, miR-34, and miR-520 expression levels changed significantly in patients with vessel in-stent restenosis (p = 0.02, p = 0.02, and p = 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, there were inverse correlations between the expression levels of vitronectin gene and miR-34 (r = - 0.44, p = 0.04) as well as miR-520 (r = - 0.5, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS The molecular events in the vessel stenosis may be affected by targeting vitronectin with miR-520 and miR-34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Ghasempour
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Shaikhnia
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Soleimani
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Borhan Rahimi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Wang X, Gao B, Ren XK, Guo J, Xia S, Zhang W, Yang C, Feng Y. A two-pronged approach to regulate the behaviors of ECs and SMCs by the dual targeting-nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112068. [PMID: 34464910 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting vascular restenosis remains a tricky challenge for the postoperative development of cardiovascular interventional therapy. The ideal approaches should activate endothelial cells (ECs) and restrain smooth muscle cells (SMCs), however, they are commonly contradictory. Herein, a strategy was developed for synchronizing ECs promotion and SMCs inhibition by codelivery DNA and siRNA for combination therapy. Thus, an easy and efficient strategy integrated dual-superiorities of precise targeting and dual therapeutic genes to precisely regulate the behaviors of ECs and SMCs. The ECs-targeting REDV peptide and SMCs-targeting VAPG peptide grafted anionic polymers were used to surface-functionalize the delivery nanoplatforms for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plasmids and ERK2 siRNA delivery, respectively. The dual targeting-nanoparticles were prepared by physical mixing method, and their outstanding advantages were confirmed by the co-culture experiments. In comparison with single targeting-nanoparticles and dual non-targeting-nanoparticles, the dual targeting-nanoparticles simultaneously enhanced ECs proliferation/migration and restrained SMCs proliferation/migration. Moreover, the dual targeting-nanoparticles group manifested the highest VEGF expression in ECs and the lowest ERK2 expression in SMCs. In summary, the two-pronged strategy with dual targeting-nanoparticles provides a valuable cornerstone for synchronizing ECs promotion and SMCs inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Bin Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xiang-Kui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Shihai Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Chenglin Road 220, Tianjin, 300162, PR China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Chenglin Road 220, Tianjin, 300162, PR China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Clinical Research, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Chenglin Road 220, Tianjin, 300162, PR China.
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
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18
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Das S, Pal TK, Jana RN, Giri B. Ascendancy of electromagnetic force and Hall currents on blood flow carrying Cu-Au NPs in a non-uniform endoscopic annulus having wall slip. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104191. [PMID: 34097918 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to outline the characteristics of the blood flow conveying copper (Cu) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) through a non-uniform endoscopic annulus with wall slip under the action of electromagnetic force and Hall currents. The flow of blood with the suspension of hybrid nanoparticles in the annulus is induced by the peristaltic pumping. The governing equations are modeled and then simplified with the postulate of lubrication theory. The resulting non-dimensional momentum equation after simplification is solved analytically by employing the He's homotopy perturbation method (HPM) with the computational software Mathematica program (version 11). The influential role of emerging physical parameters on the physiological features related to the blood flow is inferred graphically and physically. The analytical outcomes reveal that Hall parameter has a diminishing behavior on the blood flow while the inverse impact is endured for mounting Hartmann number. Electromagnetic field and Hall currents offer a superlative mode for regulating blood flow at the time of surgery. An increment in the volume fraction of nanoparticles causes a drop in the blood temperature profile. The trapping phenomenon is also explored with the help of contours. An expansion in Hartmann number reduces the size of entrapped bolus and ultimately vanishes when Hartmann number is very large. This prospective model may be applicable in electromagnetic micro-pumps, medical simulation devices, heart-lung machine (HLM), drug carrying and drug transport systems, cancer diagnosis, tumor selective photothermal therapy, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Das
- Department of Mathematics, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732 103, India.
| | - T K Pal
- Department of Mathematics, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732 103, India
| | - R N Jana
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, India
| | - B Giri
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732 103, India
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19
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Baumann JS, Jubeli E, Morocho A, Migonney V, Yagoubi N, Falentin-Daudré C. Development of Direct Grafting on Cyclic Olefin Copolymers to Improve Hydrophilicity by Using Bioactive Polymers. Ing Rech Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Cherian AM, Nair SV, Maniyal V, Menon D. Surface engineering at the nanoscale: A way forward to improve coronary stent efficacy. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:021508. [PMID: 34104846 PMCID: PMC8172248 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary in-stent restenosis and late stent thrombosis are the two major inadequacies of vascular stents that limit its long-term efficacy. Although restenosis has been successfully inhibited through the use of the current clinical drug-eluting stent which releases antiproliferative drugs, problems of late-stent thrombosis remain a concern due to polymer hypersensitivity and delayed re-endothelialization. Thus, the field of coronary stenting demands devices having enhanced compatibility and effectiveness to endothelial cells. Nanotechnology allows for efficient modulation of surface roughness, chemistry, feature size, and drug/biologics loading, to attain the desired biological response. Hence, surface topographical modification at the nanoscale is a plausible strategy to improve stent performance by utilizing novel design schemes that incorporate nanofeatures via the use of nanostructures, particles, or fibers, with or without the use of drugs/biologics. The main intent of this review is to deliberate on the impact of nanotechnology approaches for stent design and development and the recent advancements in this field on vascular stent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena Mary Cherian
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita
Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Cochin 682041, Kerala,
India
| | - Shantikumar V. Nair
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita
Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Cochin 682041, Kerala,
India
| | - Vijayakumar Maniyal
- Department of Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Science
and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Cochin
682041, Kerala, India
| | - Deepthy Menon
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita
Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara P.O. Cochin 682041, Kerala,
India
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21
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Ashcraft M, Douglass M, Chen Y, Handa H. Combination strategies for antithrombotic biomaterials: an emerging trend towards hemocompatibility. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2413-2423. [PMID: 33599226 PMCID: PMC8035307 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02154g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Surface-induced thrombosis is a frequent, critical issue for blood-contacting medical devices that poses a serious threat to patient safety and device functionality. Antithrombotic material design strategies including the immobilization of anticoagulants, alterations in surface chemistries and morphology, and the release of antithrombotic compounds have made great strides in the field with the ultimate goal of circumventing the need for systemic anticoagulation, but have yet to achieve the same hemocompatibility as the native endothelium. Given that the endothelium achieves this state through the use of many mechanisms of action, there is a rising trend in combining these established design strategies for improved antithrombotic actions. Here, we describe this emerging paradigm, highlighting the apparent advantages of multiple antithrombotic mechanisms of action and discussing the demonstrated potential of this new direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Ashcraft
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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22
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Cook A, Decuzzi P. Harnessing Endogenous Stimuli for Responsive Materials in Theranostics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2068-2098. [PMID: 33555171 PMCID: PMC7905878 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Materials that respond to endogenous stimuli are being leveraged to enhance spatiotemporal control in a range of biomedical applications from drug delivery to diagnostic tools. The design of materials that undergo morphological or chemical changes in response to specific biological cues or pathologies will be an important area of research for improving efficacies of existing therapies and imaging agents, while also being promising for developing personalized theranostic systems. Internal stimuli-responsive systems can be engineered across length scales from nanometers to macroscopic and can respond to endogenous signals such as enzymes, pH, glucose, ATP, hypoxia, redox signals, and nucleic acids by incorporating synthetic bio-inspired moieties or natural building blocks. This Review will summarize response mechanisms and fabrication strategies used in internal stimuli-responsive materials with a focus on drug delivery and imaging for a broad range of pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, vascular disorders, inflammation, and microbial infections. We will also discuss observed challenges, future research directions, and clinical translation aspects of these responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
B. Cook
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology
for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego
30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology
for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego
30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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23
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The Use of Bioactive Polymers for Intervention and Tissue Engineering: The New Frontier for Cardiovascular Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030446. [PMID: 33573282 PMCID: PMC7866823 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death in most countries. Healthcare improvements have seen a shift in the presentation of disease with a reducing number of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions (STEMIs), largely due to earlier reperfusion strategies such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Stents have revolutionized the care of these patients, but the long-term effects of these devices have been brought to the fore. The conceptual and technologic evolution of these devices from bare-metal stents led to the creation and wide application of drug-eluting stents; further research introduced the idea of polymer-based resorbable stents. We look at the evolution of stents and the multiple advantages and disadvantages offered by each of the different polymers used to make stents in order to identify what the stent of the future may consist of whilst highlighting properties that are beneficial to the patient alongside the role of the surgeon, the cardiologist, engineers, chemists, and biophysicists in creating the ideal stent.
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24
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Das S, Pal TK, Jana RN. Outlining Impact of Hybrid Composition of Nanoparticles Suspended in Blood Flowing in an Inclined Stenosed Artery Under Magnetic Field Orientation. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-020-00809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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25
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Beshchasna N, Saqib M, Kraskiewicz H, Wasyluk Ł, Kuzmin O, Duta OC, Ficai D, Ghizdavet Z, Marin A, Ficai A, Sun Z, Pichugin VF, Opitz J, Andronescu E. Recent Advances in Manufacturing Innovative Stents. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E349. [PMID: 32294908 PMCID: PMC7238261 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most distributed cause of death worldwide. Stenting of arteries as a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedure became a promising minimally invasive therapy based on re-opening narrowed arteries by stent insertion. In order to improve and optimize this method, many research groups are focusing on designing new or improving existent stents. Since the beginning of the stent development in 1986, starting with bare-metal stents (BMS), these devices have been continuously enhanced by applying new materials, developing stent coatings based on inorganic and organic compounds including drugs, nanoparticles or biological components such as genes and cells, as well as adapting stent designs with different fabrication technologies. Drug eluting stents (DES) have been developed to overcome the main shortcomings of BMS or coated stents. Coatings are mainly applied to control biocompatibility, degradation rate, protein adsorption, and allow adequate endothelialization in order to ensure better clinical outcome of BMS, reducing restenosis and thrombosis. As coating materials (i) organic polymers: polyurethanes, poly(ε-caprolactone), styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene, polyhydroxybutyrates, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), and phosphoryl choline; (ii) biological components: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-CD34 antibody and (iii) inorganic coatings: noble metals, wide class of oxides, nitrides, silicide and carbide, hydroxyapatite, diamond-like carbon, and others are used. DES were developed to reduce the tissue hyperplasia and in-stent restenosis utilizing antiproliferative substances like paclitaxel, limus (siro-, zotaro-, evero-, bio-, amphi-, tacro-limus), ABT-578, tyrphostin AGL-2043, genes, etc. The innovative solutions aim at overcoming the main limitations of the stent technology, such as in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis, while maintaining the prime requirements on biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical behavior. This paper provides an overview of the existing stent types, their functionality, materials, and manufacturing conditions demonstrating the still huge potential for the development of promising stent solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Beshchasna
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche-Str. 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (J.O.)
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche-Str. 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (J.O.)
| | | | - Łukasz Wasyluk
- Balton Sp. z o.o. Modlińska 294, 03-152 Warsaw, Poland; (H.K.); (Ł.W.)
| | - Oleg Kuzmin
- VIP Technologies, Prospect Academicheskiy 8/2, 634055 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Oana Cristina Duta
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.D.); (D.F.); (Z.G.); (E.A.)
| | - Denisa Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.D.); (D.F.); (Z.G.); (E.A.)
| | - Zeno Ghizdavet
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.D.); (D.F.); (Z.G.); (E.A.)
| | - Alexandru Marin
- Department of Hydraulics, Hydraulic Machinery and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Power Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.D.); (D.F.); (Z.G.); (E.A.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Spl. Independentei 54, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zhilei Sun
- Research School of High-Energy Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Vladimir F. Pichugin
- Research School of High-Energy Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Joerg Opitz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche-Str. 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (J.O.)
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Spl. Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.D.); (D.F.); (Z.G.); (E.A.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Spl. Independentei 54, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
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Park JH, Dehaini D, Zhou J, Holay M, Fang RH, Zhang L. Biomimetic nanoparticle technology for cardiovascular disease detection and treatment. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:25-42. [PMID: 32133150 PMCID: PMC7055493 DOI: 10.1039/c9nh00291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which encompasses a number of conditions that can affect the heart and blood vessels, presents a major challenge for modern-day healthcare. Nearly one in three people has some form of CVD, with many suffering from multiple or intertwined conditions that can ultimately lead to traumatic events such as a heart attack or stroke. While the knowledge obtained in the past century regarding the cardiovascular system has paved the way for the development of life-prolonging drugs and treatment modalities, CVD remains one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. More recently, researchers have explored the application of nanotechnology to improve upon current clinical paradigms for the management of CVD. Nanoscale delivery systems have many advantages, including the ability to target diseased sites, improve drug bioavailability, and carry various functional payloads. In this review, we cover the different ways in which nanoparticle technology can be applied towards CVD diagnostics and treatments. The development of novel biomimetic platforms with enhanced functionalities is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maya Holay
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H. Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Badfar H, Yekani Motlagh S, Sharifi A. Numerical Simulation of Magnetic Drug Targeting to the Stenosis Vessel Using Fe 3O 4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Under the Effect of Magnetic Field of Wire. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2019; 11:162-175. [PMID: 31853904 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-019-00446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present paper, the magnetic drug targeting using drug coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles to the stenosis region of the vessel was investigated. The problem was solved for various magnetic numbers. Moreover, the effect of the location of the wire, as a magnetic source, on the MDT was studied. METHODS The governing equations of continuity, momentum and volume fraction were solved by taking into account the effects of kelvin force and magnetophoresis. Finite volume method is used for discretization of unsteady two-phase flow equations. RESULTS In low magnetic numbers, the most important phenomenon is the gradual formation of drug droplet on the location of the wire. The drug drop holds the drug near the target tissue for a long time and has a positive role in the MDT as a source of drug over time. Also, in high magnetic numbers, the amount of drug in the tissue is also high at the time of the formation of the droplet. However, the number of vortices formed in the flow increases, and this leads to get the target further away from the tissue. Two main phenomena of drug droplet formation and vortices generation were observed as positive and negative factors in MDT, respectively. The results showed that in a specific magnetic number, the MDT function could be optimal. If the wire is located in the upstream region of the stenosis, it will have a small positive effect on the concentration of the drug in the target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homayoun Badfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology (UUT), P.O. Box: 57166-419, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saber Yekani Motlagh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology (UUT), P.O. Box: 57166-419, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abbas Sharifi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology (UUT), P.O. Box: 57166-419, Urmia, Iran.
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Abstract
In-stent neoatherosclerosis is an important problem after percutaneous coronary intervention. To explore the mechanisms and treatment of in-stent neoatherosclerosis, an animal model is needed. To avoid the disadvantages of current animal models, such as excessive use of X-rays and a high mortality rate, we attempted to develop an improved animal model. We explored a method that uses a short time interval to establish a rabbit model of in-stent neoatherosclerosis with a high survival rate and to evaluate its indicators. Sixty rabbits were divided into three equal groups: group A, the traditional method; group B, the standard intervention method; and group C, the improved method. In group C, we made two small incisions in each rabbit's neck, separated the common carotid, punctured it, and implanted a stent. The incision was then sutured. Four weeks later, we used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to scan all rabbits for neoatherosclerosis. We found no significant differences in OCT data between our new animal model and the traditional and interventional groups (P > 0.05). The technological success rate was higher in the new animal model (P < 0.001). We developed a new method to establish an animal model of neoatherosclerosis, which had similar results to the traditional and interventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Shuyuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Jingbo Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education
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Critical regulation of atherosclerosis by the KCa3.1 channel and the retargeting of this therapeutic target in in-stent neoatherosclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1219-1229. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kural MH, Wang J, Gui L, Yuan Y, Li G, Leiby KL, Quijano E, Tellides G, Saltzman WM, Niklason LE. Fas ligand and nitric oxide combination to control smooth muscle growth while sparing endothelium. Biomaterials 2019; 212:28-38. [PMID: 31102854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metallic stents cause vascular wall damage with subsequent smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, neointimal hyperplasia, and treatment failure. To combat in-stent restenosis, drug-eluting stents (DES) delivering mTOR inhibitors such as sirolimus or everolimus have become standard for coronary stenting. However, the relatively non-specific action of mTOR inhibitors prevents efficient endothelium recovery and mandates dual antiplatelet therapy to prevent thrombosis. Unfortunately, long-term dual antiplatelet therapy leads to increased risk of bleeding/stroke and, paradoxically, myocardial infarction. Here, we took advantage of the fact that nitric oxide (NO) increases Fas receptors on the SMC surface. Fas forms a death-inducing complex upon binding to Fas ligand (FasL), while endothelial cells (ECs) are relatively resistant to this pathway. Selected doses of FasL and NO donor synergistically increased SMC apoptosis and inhibited SMC growth more potently than did everolimus or sirolimus, while having no significant effect on EC viability and proliferation. This differential effect was corroborated in ex vivo pig coronaries, where the neointimal formation was inhibited by the drug combination, but endothelial viability was retained. We also deployed FasL-NO donor-releasing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc)-coated stents into pig coronary arteries, and cultured them in perfusion bioreactors for one week. FasL and NO donor, released from the stent coating, killed SMCs close to the stent struts, even in the presence of flow rates mimicking those of native arteries. Thus, the FasL-NO donor-combination has a potential to prevent intimal hyperplasia and in-stent restenosis, without harming endothelial restoration, and hence may be a superior drug delivery strategy for DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet H Kural
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Juan Wang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Liqiong Gui
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Yifan Yuan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Guangxin Li
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Katherine L Leiby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Elias Quijano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Cheraghi M, Pooria A. A review: Nanofibrous scaffold in possible prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:478-483. [PMID: 30953379 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibrous scaffolds have potential to improve coronary stent applications by promoting endothelial recovery on the stent surface and aids regeneration of cardiac tissues. Presently, scaffolds fabricated via electro-spinning are been widely used because of their ability to bio-mimic the precise anatomical structure of the protein fibers. Properties like convenience to spin on several components and functionalization with several bioactive molecules have signify the use of nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering. This review highlights some recent applications of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in the treatment and management of cardiac arterial diseases and engineering new cardiac tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Cheraghi
- Department of Cardiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Pooria
- Department of Cardiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran
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Flores AM, Ye J, Jarr KU, Hosseini-Nassab N, Smith BR, Leeper NJ. Nanoparticle Therapy for Vascular Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:635-646. [PMID: 30786744 PMCID: PMC6436996 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles promise to advance strategies to treat vascular disease. Since being harnessed by the cancer field to deliver safer and more effective chemotherapeutics, nanoparticles have been translated into applications for cardiovascular disease. Systemic exposure and drug-drug interactions remain a concern for nearly all cardiovascular therapies, including statins, antithrombotic, and thrombolytic agents. Moreover, off-target effects and poor bioavailability have limited the development of completely new approaches to treat vascular disease. Through the rational design of nanoparticles, nano-based delivery systems enable more efficient delivery of a drug to its therapeutic target or even directly to the diseased site, overcoming biological barriers and enhancing a drug's therapeutic index. In addition, advances in molecular imaging have led to the development of theranostic nanoparticles that may simultaneously act as carriers of both therapeutic and imaging payloads. The following is a summary of nanoparticle therapy for atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and restenosis and an overview of recent major advances in the targeted treatment of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M. Flores
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine., Hanover, NH
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Jianqin Ye
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine., Hanover, NH
| | - Kai-Uwe Jarr
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine., Hanover, NH
| | - Niloufar Hosseini-Nassab
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bryan R. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine., Hanover, NH
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Diaz-Rodriguez S, Chevallier P, Paternoster C, Montaño-Machado V, Noël C, Houssiau L, Mantovani D. Surface modification and direct plasma amination of L605 CoCr alloys: on the optimization of the oxide layer for application in cardiovascular implants. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2292-2301. [PMID: 35516133 PMCID: PMC9059826 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08541b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stents are cardiovascular devices used to treat atherosclerosis, and are deployed into narrowed arteries and implanted by expansion to reopen the biological lumen. Nevertheless, complications after implantation are still observed in 10-14% of the implantations. Therefore, functionalizing these devices with active molecules to improve the interfacial effects with the surrounding tissue strongly impacts their success. A plasma-based procedure to directly graft biomolecules to the surface of cobalt chromium alloys, without any polymeric coating, has been recently reported. Assuring the stability of the coating during plastic deformation generated during the implantation whilst avoiding the corrosion of the surface is crucial. This study explores different surface treatments to be used as a pre-treatment for this novel procedure. The effects of (i) electropolishing, (ii) thermal treatments, and (iii) the plasma immersion ion implantation of oxygen on the chemical composition, roughness, wettability and efficiency during the plasma-amination procedure whilst avoiding cracks after deformation, thus maintaining corrosion resistant behaviour, were investigated by XPS, AFM, ToF-SIMS imaging and depth profile, and WCA. Furthermore, the hemocompatibility of the surface and cell viability assays were also performed. Results showed that all of the treatments created a different surface chemical composition: EP mainly of chromium oxide, PIII with a layer of cobalt oxide and TT with a mixture of oxides, as observed by XPS and ToF-SIMS. Moreover, EP was the process that generated a surface with the highest efficiency to amination and the most corrosion resistance among the treatments, and it appeared as the most suitable pre-treatment for stent functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Diaz-Rodriguez
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Mat Engineering and the CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University PLT-1745G Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada +1 (418) 656-2131 ext 6270
| | - Pascale Chevallier
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Mat Engineering and the CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University PLT-1745G Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada +1 (418) 656-2131 ext 6270
| | - Carlo Paternoster
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Mat Engineering and the CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University PLT-1745G Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada +1 (418) 656-2131 ext 6270
| | - Vanessa Montaño-Machado
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Mat Engineering and the CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University PLT-1745G Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada +1 (418) 656-2131 ext 6270
| | - Céline Noël
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Spectroscopie Electronique, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur 61 Rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Laurent Houssiau
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Spectroscopie Electronique, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur 61 Rue de Bruxelles 5000 Namur Belgium
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Mat Engineering and the CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University PLT-1745G Québec Québec G1V 0A6 Canada +1 (418) 656-2131 ext 6270
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Electrospray Encapsulation of Antithrombotic Drug into Poly (L-lactic acid) Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gupta P, Garcia E, Sarkar A, Kapoor S, Rafiq K, Chand HS, Jayant RD. Nanoparticle Based Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:33-44. [PMID: 29737265 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x18666180508113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has gained increased attention for delivering therapeutic agents effectively to the cardiovascular system. Heart targeted nanocarrier based drug delivery is a new, effective and efficacious approach for treating various cardiac related disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Nanocarrier based drug delivery system circumvents the problems associated with conventional drug delivery systems, including their nonspecificity, severe side effects and damage to the normal cells. Modification of physicochemical properties of nanocarriers such as size, shape and surface modifications can immensely alter its invivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data and will provide better treatment strategy. Several nanocarriers such as lipid, phospholipid nanoparticles have been developed for delivering drugs to the target sites within the heart. This review summarizes and increases the understanding of the advanced nanosized drug delivery systems for treating cardiovascular disorders with the promising use of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Gupta
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
| | - Evelyn Garcia
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
| | - Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sumit Kapoor
- Beckman Coulter, Inc., 11800 SW 147th Ave, Miami, FL-33196, United States
| | - Khadija Rafiq
- Department of Medicine, Center of Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
| | - Rahul Dev Jayant
- Department of Immunology, Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL-33199, United States
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Xie X, Zheng X, Han Z, Chen Y, Zheng Z, Zheng B, He X, Wang Y, Kaplan DL, Li Y, Li G, Wang X, Lan P. A Biodegradable Stent with Surface Functionalization of Combined-Therapy Drugs for Colorectal Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1801213. [PMID: 30468567 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In-stent restenosis caused by tumor ingrowth is a major problem for patients undergoing stent placement because conventional stents often lack sustainable antitumor capabilities. The aim of this work is to develop a silk fibroin (SF)-based nanofibrous membrane that is loaded with combined-therapy drugs by using electrospinning technologies, which is further coated on a polydioxanone (PDO) stent and used for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). In order to improve treatment effectiveness, a combination of therapeutic drugs, i.e., curcumin (CUR) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is dissolved into SF solution and then eletrospun onto the surface of the PDO stent. The morphology, secondary structure, and in vitro drug release profiles of the membranes are characterized. The antitumor efficacy is assessed in vitro and in vivo using a human CRC cell line and normal cells, and tumor-bearing nude mice. In vitro and in vivo studies on the nanofibrous memembrane-coating demonstrate improved antitumor effects for the CUR/5-FU dual drug system which can be attributed to cell cycle arrest in the S phase in association with induced apoptosis in tumor cells by blocking signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (Stat3) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) signaling pathways, suggesting potential in the treatment of CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk; College of Textile and Clothing Engineering; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510655 China
| | - Zhifen Han
- Department of Medical Oncology; Shuguang Hospital; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510655 China
| | - Zhaozhu Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk; College of Textile and Clothing Engineering; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510655 China
| | - Xiaowen He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510655 China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk; College of Textile and Clothing Engineering; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tufts University; 4 Colby St Medford MA 02155 USA
| | - Yi Li
- School of Materials; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Gang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk; College of Textile and Clothing Engineering; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk; College of Textile and Clothing Engineering; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510655 China
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37
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Strobel HA, Qendro EI, Alsberg E, Rolle MW. Targeted Delivery of Bioactive Molecules for Vascular Intervention and Tissue Engineering. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1329. [PMID: 30519186 PMCID: PMC6259603 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the United States. Treatment often requires surgical interventions to re-open occluded vessels, bypass severe occlusions, or stabilize aneurysms. Despite the short-term success of such interventions, many ultimately fail due to thrombosis or restenosis (following stent placement), or incomplete healing (such as after aneurysm coil placement). Bioactive molecules capable of modulating host tissue responses and preventing these complications have been identified, but systemic delivery is often harmful or ineffective. This review discusses the use of localized bioactive molecule delivery methods to enhance the long-term success of vascular interventions, such as drug-eluting stents and aneurysm coils, as well as nanoparticles for targeted molecule delivery. Vascular grafts in particular have poor patency in small diameter, high flow applications, such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Grafts fabricated from a variety of approaches may benefit from bioactive molecule incorporation to improve patency. Tissue engineering is an especially promising approach for vascular graft fabrication that may be conducive to incorporation of drugs or growth factors. Overall, localized and targeted delivery of bioactive molecules has shown promise for improving the outcomes of vascular interventions, with technologies such as drug-eluting stents showing excellent clinical success. However, many targeted vascular drug delivery systems have yet to reach the clinic. There is still a need to better optimize bioactive molecule release kinetics and identify synergistic biomolecule combinations before the clinical impact of these technologies can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. Strobel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Elisabet I. Qendro
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Marsha W. Rolle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
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Hall S, Agrawal DK. Delivery of viral vectors for gene therapy in intimal hyperplasia and restenosis in atherosclerotic swine. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:918-927. [PMID: 28707263 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis are a major financial and health burden globally. Inflammation associated with atherosclerosis results in the development of plaques that can rupture causing thrombosis, stroke, or death. The most widely used treatment for the removal of atherosclerotic plaques is percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with or without stenting. Although this is a safer and minimally invasive method, restenosis and intimal hyperplasia after interventional procedure remains a major hurdle and more refined approaches are needed. Studies in large animal models such as pigs have facilitated a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the disease and provided novel targets for therapeutic intervention. In pre-clinical studies, viral vector gene therapy has emerged as a promising option for the reduction and/or prevention of restenosis and intimal hyperplasia. Although studies in animal models have generated promising results, clinical trials have yet to prove the clinical efficacy of gene therapy in coronary artery diseases. In this review, we examined and critically reviewed the most recent advances in viral vector gene therapy obtained from studies using porcine model of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sannette Hall
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA. .,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, The Peekie Nash Carpenter Endowed Chair in Medicine, School of Medicine, Creighton University, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
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Aizik G, Grad E, Golomb G. Monocyte-mediated drug delivery systems for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:868-882. [PMID: 29058205 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Major advances have been achieved in understanding the mechanisms and risk factors leading to cardiovascular disorders and consequently developing new therapies. A strong inflammatory response occurs with a substantial recruitment of innate immunity cells in atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and restenosis. Monocytes and macrophages are key players in the healing process that ensues following injury. In the inflamed arterial wall, monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages have specific functions in the initiation and resolution of inflammation, principally through phagocytosis, and the release of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. In this review, we will focus on delivery systems, mainly nanoparticles, for modulating circulating monocytes/monocyte-derived macrophages. We review the different strategies of depletion or modulation of circulating monocytes and monocyte subtypes, using polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes for the therapy of myocardial infarction and restenosis. We will further discuss the strategies of exploiting circulating monocytes for biological targeting of nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Aizik
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Etty Grad
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gershon Golomb
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Silvestri M, Cholenahally Nanjappa M, Gowda Raghu R, Jambunathan R. Interim Results of the Basket of Real-World Randomised Clinical PRISM Trials for M’Sure-S, a Next-Generation Sirolimus-Eluting Stent, Versus Eliminator, an Everolimus-Eluting Stent. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10314867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study compared sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) with everolimus-eluting stents (EES) in coronary artery disease patients.
Methods: A total of 1,174 patients were enrolled in the study; 290 patients (25.28%) were treated with EES and 884 patients (74.72%) were treated with SES. The trial (PRISM) was a randomised (in a 3:1 ratio), multicentre, single-blind, all-comers, single-arm, non-inferiority trial comparing SES and EES-implanted patients with coronary artery disease. The primary endpoint was a composite of safety parameters (including major adverse cardiac events [MACE], cardiac death, and myocardial infarction) and efficacy (parameters concerned to quantitative coronary angiogram). An intention-to-treat analysis was performed at 9 and 18-month follow-ups.
Results: The baseline characteristics were similar for both EES and SES groups. At the 9-month follow-up, MACE occurred in 5.86% and 2.43% of patients in the EES and SES groups, respectively. At the 18-month follow-up, this differential remained almost the same (i.e., 5.17 % of patients treated with the EES versus 2.14% treated with the SES). The rate of definite stent thrombosis at 9-month follow-up was lower in the SES group (11 patients [1.24%]) compared to the EES group (9 patients [3.10%]). At 18-month follow-up, the rate was 2.14% (19 patients) in the SES group and 4.13% (12 patients) in the EES group. When censoring the patients at the time of stent thrombosis, no significant differences between the two stent groups were found.
Conclusion: In this real-world trial, at 9 and 18-month follow-ups, SES (M’Sure-S) exhibited a better safety and efficacy profile when compared to EES in terms of MACE rates and definite stent thrombosis. However, the difference was not statistically significant and SES was found to be non-inferior to EES.
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Wu Z, Zhao J, Wu W, Wang P, Wang B, Li G, Zhang S. Radial Compressive Property and the Proof-of-Concept Study for Realizing Self-expansion of 3D Printing Polylactic Acid Vascular Stents with Negative Poisson's Ratio Structure. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1357. [PMID: 30082593 PMCID: PMC6119892 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable stents offer the potential to reduce the in-stent restenosis by providing support long enough for the vessel to heal. The polylactic acid (PLA) vascular stents with negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) structure were manufactured by fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing in this study. The effects of stent diameter, wall thickness and geometric parameters of arrowhead NPR structure on radial compressive property of 3D-printed PLA vascular stent were studied. The results showed that the decrease of stent diameter, the increase of wall thickness and the increase of the surface coverage could enhance the radial force (per unit length) of PLA stent. The radial and longitudinal size of PLA stent with NPR structure decreased simultaneously when the stent was crimped under deformation temperature. The PLA stent could expand in both radial and longitudinal direction under recovery temperature. When the deformation temperature and recovery temperature were both 65 °C, the diameter recovery ratio of stent was more than 95% and the maximum could reach 98%. The length recovery ratio was above 97%. This indicated the feasibility of utilizing the shape memory effect (SME) of PLA to realize the expansion of 3D-printed PLA vascular stent under temperature excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Wu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
| | - Ji Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
| | - Wenzheng Wu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
| | - Peipei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
| | - Bofan Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
| | - Guiwei Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
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The impact of impinging TiO2 nanoparticles in Prandtl nanofluid along with endoscopic and variable magnetic field effects on peristaltic blood flow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/mmms-08-2017-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the variable magnetic field and endoscope effects on peristaltic blood flow of nanofluid containing TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) through a porous annulus. The Prandtl fluid model is taken into account for the present flow. The mathematical modelling comprises the temperature, continuity, NP concentration, and equations of motion which are further simplified by taking a long peristaltic wave and creeping flow regime.
Design/methodology/approach
After using the long wavelength approximation, the obtained highly non-linear partial differential equations are solved using the homotopy perturbation scheme. The inclusion of the pertinent parameters is discussed mathematically and graphically for the pressure rise, friction forces, temperature profile, and concentration profile. The trapping phenomenon is also investigated with the help of contours.
Findings
Results show that the maximum velocity distribution exists near the centre of the annulus, whereas the average time flow boosts the velocity profile. It has also been shown that flow can pass readily without enormous pressure gradient imposed on the endoscope tube unlike the case of the slim section of the problem.
Practical implications
The nanofluids containing titanium NPs are increasingly utilised since such type of NPs is used by several manufacturers in sunscreen blockers and different types of endoscopy. In endoscopy, the variable magnetic field is used at the tip in order to detect or treat diseases. The NPs are used since they acquire specific thermal properties as compared with base fluids. The present study provides qualitative results showing the effect of inner tube of annulus on the fluid flow, the effect of variable magnetic field, and the change in the temperature profile on the flow field.
Originality/value
A new model is introduced that shows the utmost pressure that works against the positive peristaltic pump. It studies the blood flow that results in extremely non-linear partial differential equations that are solved by the homotopy perturbation method. The titanium NPs are being used in blocking the rays that penetrate the epidermis causing skin burns and short ultraviolet ageing rays that cause visible wrinkles, and thus are used in the manufacturing of sunscreens that are partially absorbed through the skin.
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Fellows BD, Ghobrial N, Mappus E, Hargett A, Bolding M, Dean D, Mefford OT. In vitro studies of heparin-coated magnetic nanoparticles for use in the treatment of neointimal hyperplasia. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mittal R, Jhaveri VM, McMurry HS, Kay SIS, Sutherland KJ, Nicole L, Mittal J, Jayant RD. Recent treatment modalities for cardiovascular diseases with a focus on stem cells, aptamers, exosomes and nanomedicine. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:831-840. [PMID: 29447002 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1436555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to the significant impact of CVD on humans, there is a need to develop novel treatment modalities tailored to major classes of cardiac diseases including hypertension, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, valvular disease and inflammatory diseases. In this article, we discuss recent advancements regarding development of therapeutic strategies based on stem cells, aptamers, exosomes, drug-eluting and dissolvable stents, immunotherapy and nanomedicine for the treatment of CVD. We summarize current research and clinical advances in cardiovascular therapeutics, with a focus on therapies that move beyond current oral- or sublingual-based regimens. This review article provides insight into current research and future treatment strategies that hold a great relevance for future clinical practice in pursuit of improving quality of life of patients suffering from CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Vasanti M Jhaveri
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Hannah S McMurry
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Sae-In Samantha Kay
- b Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine , Nova Southeastern University , Fort Lauderdale , FL , USA
| | - Kyle J Sutherland
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Lin Nicole
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Rahul Dev Jayant
- c Department of Immunology , Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University , Miami , FL , USA
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45
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Kandaswamy E, Zuo L. Recent Advances in Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease: Role of Science and Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020424. [PMID: 29385089 PMCID: PMC5855646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. In the last decade, significant advancements in CAD treatment have been made. The existing treatment is medical, surgical or a combination of both depending on the extent, severity and clinical presentation of CAD. The collaboration between different science disciplines such as biotechnology and tissue engineering has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies such as stem cells, nanotechnology, robotic surgery and other advancements (3-D printing and drugs). These treatment modalities show promising effects in managing CAD and associated conditions. Research on stem cells focuses on studying the potential for cardiac regeneration, while nanotechnology research investigates nano-drug delivery and percutaneous coronary interventions including stent modifications and coatings. This article aims to provide an update on the literature (in vitro, translational, animal and clinical) related to these novel strategies and to elucidate the rationale behind their potential treatment of CAD. Through the extensive and continued efforts of researchers and clinicians worldwide, these novel strategies hold the promise to be effective alternatives to existing treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswar Kandaswamy
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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46
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Chen HJ, Mo N, Zhang YF, Su GZ, Wu HD, Pei F. Role of Gene Polymorphisms/Haplotypes and Plasma Level of TGF-β1 in Susceptibility to In-Stent Restenosis Following Coronary Implantation of Bare Metal Stent in Chinese Han Patients. Int Heart J 2018; 59:161-169. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ni Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Gaozhou People's Hospital
| | | | - Guo-Zhu Su
- Department of Cardiology, Gaozhou People's Hospital
| | - Han-Dong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital
| | - Fang Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Municipal Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces
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47
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Mandal B, Rameshbabu AP, Soni SR, Ghosh A, Dhara S, Pal S. In Situ Silver Nanowire Deposited Cross-Linked Carboxymethyl Cellulose: A Potential Transdermal Anticancer Drug Carrier. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:36583-36595. [PMID: 28948779 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a novel biopolymeric nanocomposite hydrogel comprised of in situ formed silver nanowires (AgNWs) deposited chemically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been developed, which demonstrates superior efficacy as anticancer drug-curcumin carrier. The cross-linked polymer has been prepared by grafting poly [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] on CMC using diethylene glycol dimethacrylate cross-linker. The nanocomposite hydrogel has the capability to encapsulate both hydrophobic/hydrophilic transdermal drugs. With variation in reaction conditions/parameters, several composite materials have been synthesized and depending on lower swelling/higher cross-linking and greater gel strength, an optimized grade of nanocomposite hydrogel has been selected. The developed nanocomposite hydrogel is characterized with FTIR/NMR spectra, FESEM/XRD/TGA/AFM/XPS analyses, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Rheological study has been performed to enlighten the gel strength of the composite material. The synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel is biodegradable and nontoxic to mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In vitro release of curcumin suggests that in situ incorporation of AgNWs on cross-linked CMC enhanced the penetration power of nanocomposite hydrogel and released the drug in sustained way (∼62% for curcumin released in 4 days). Ex vivo rat skin permeation study confirms that the drug from both the cross-linked and nanocomposite hydrogel was permeable through the rat skin in controlled fashion. Additionally the curcumin loaded composite hydrogel can efficiently kill the MG 63 cancer cells, which has been confirmed by apoptosis study and therefore, probably be a suitable carrier for curcumin delivery toward cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun Mandal
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) , Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Arun Prabhu Rameshbabu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Saundray Raj Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology , Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology , Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sagar Pal
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) , Dhanbad 826004, India
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Bagheri M, Mohammadi M, Steele TW, Ramezani M. Nanomaterial coatings applied on stent surfaces. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 11:1309-26. [PMID: 27111467 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2015-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of percutaneous coronary intervention and intravascular stents has revolutionized the field of interventional cardiology. Nonetheless, in-stent restenosis, inflammation and late-stent thrombosis are the major obstacles with currently available stents. In order to enhance the hemocompatibility of stents, advances in the field of nanotechnology allow novel designs of nanoparticles and biomaterials toward localized drug/gene carriers or stent scaffolds. The current review focuses on promising polymers used in the fabrication of newer generations of stents with a short synopsis on atherosclerosis and current commercialized stents, nanotechnology's impact on stent development and recent advancements in stent biomaterials is discussed in context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Bagheri
- Shariati Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, PO Box 935189-9983, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1365, Iran
| | - Terry Wj Steele
- Division of Materials Technology, Materials & Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1365, Iran
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49
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Liu T, Wang X, Tang X, Gong T, Ye W, Pan C, Ding H, Luo X, Li X, Wang QM. Surface Modification with ECM-Inspired SDF-1α/Laminin-Loaded Nanocoating for Vascular Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30373-30386. [PMID: 28816035 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface biomimetic modification with extra-cellular matrix (ECM)-derived biomolecules is an emerging potential method of accelerating the healing of vascular stent lesions. However, insufficient capacity of the constructed biofunctional layer in maintaining its long-term efficiency and preventing thrombus and neointimal hyperplasia continue to be major limitations in clinical application. On the basis of the structure and function of ECM, in this study, we constructed a novel stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)/laminin-loaded nanocoating on the 316L stainless steel (SS) surface to provide improved function in modulation of vascular remodeling. The modified surface was found to control delivery of biomolecules and exhibit promising potential to provide stage-adjusted treatment after injury. An in vitro biocompatibility study suggested that the constructed layer may effectively prevent thrombosis formation by inhibiting platelet adhesion and activation, while accelerating endothelium regeneration by inducing endothelial cell (EC) migration and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) aggregation. An in vivo animal test further demonstrated that the nanocoating may prevent thrombus and neointimal hyperplasia after implantation for 3 months. Therefore, the ECM-inspired nanocoating described in this study is a promising novel approach for vascular stent surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Interventional Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology , Huai'an 223003, China
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Xin Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu Province Hospital , Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaohan Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Interventional Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology , Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Interventional Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology , Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Interventional Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology , Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Changjiang Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Interventional Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology , Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Hongyan Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Interventional Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology , Huai'an 223003, China
| | - Xun Luo
- Kerry Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute , Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College , Huai'an 223002, China
| | - Qing Mei Wang
- Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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50
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Li YQ, Wang JY, Qian ZQ, Li YL, Li WN, Gao Y, Yang DL. Osthole inhibits intimal hyperplasia by regulating the NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2 signalling pathways in the rat carotid artery after balloon injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28648404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osthole (7-methoxy-8-isopentenoxy-coumarin), a compound extracted from Cnidiummonnieri (L.) Cusson seeds, has been found to exhibit potent therapeutic effects in cancer due to its ability to inhibit inflammation and cell proliferation. However, its effects on arterial wall hypertrophy-related diseases remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Osthole on intimal hyperplasia in a rat model of carotid artery balloon injury. We established the balloon-induced carotid artery injury rat model in male Sprague-Dawley rats, after which we administered Osthole (20mg/kg/day or 40mg/kg/day) or volume-matched normal saline orally by gavage for 14 consecutive days. Intimal hyperplasia and the degree of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation were then evaluated by histopathological examination of the changes in the carotid artery, as well as by examination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. Tumour necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) and PCNA mRNA expression levels were examined by real-time RT-PCR, while nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB (p65)), IκB-α, TGF-β1 and phospho-Smad2 (p-Smad2) protein expression levels were analysed by immunohistochemistry or western blot analysis. We found that Osthole significantly attenuated neointimal thickness and decreased the elevations in PCNA protein expression induced by balloon injury. Moreover, Osthole down-regulated the pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β and NF-κB (p65), whose expression had been upregulated after balloon injury. Moreover, IκB-α protein expression levels increased following Osthole treatment. In addition, the elevations in TGF-β1 and p-Smad2 protein expression induced by balloon injury were both significantly attenuated by Osthole administration. We concluded that Osthole significantly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia in balloon-induced rat carotid artery injury and that the mechanism by which this occurs may involve NF-κB, IL-1β and TNF-ɑ down-regulation, which alleviates the inflammatory response, and TGF-β1/Smad2 signalling pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Li
- Joint International Committee of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563099, China; Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China
| | - Jun-Yi Wang
- Joint International Committee of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563099, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Qian
- Joint International Committee of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563099, China
| | - Ye-Li Li
- Joint International Committee of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563099, China
| | - Wen-Na Li
- Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519041, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Joint International Committee of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563099, China
| | - Dan-Li Yang
- Joint International Committee of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563099, China.
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