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Wu Z, Dai J, Li J, Zhang Z, Shen X. Exploiting the role of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) in gastrointestinal cancers. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03365-4. [PMID: 39167167 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is a prevalent disease and is recognized as the primary cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel diagnostic and treatment approaches for GC. The methylation of the O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter is a significant factor in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), namely in roughly 30-40% of cases where the cancer has spread. MGMT plays a role in the repair of DNA damage caused by methylating drugs like temozolomide (TMZ) and chloroethylating compounds like carmustine. As a result, it contributes to the resistance of chemotherapy when these agents are utilized. Although MGMT's role in the development of CRC is well established, its prognostic significance remains a subject of debate. Only a limited number of research have been conducted to examine the prognostic significance of MGMT methylation, yielding varying outcomes. This review explores the structural functions and repair processes of MGMT, focusing on the putative structural and functional significance of the N-terminal domain of MGMT. It also investigates the advancement of cancer treatment techniques that specifically target MGMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Wu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Anqing 116 Hospital, Anqing, 246001, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Li
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zheijiang, China
| | - Xbing Shen
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Xu Y, Wang Z, Pei B, Wang J, Xue Y, Zhao G. DNA methylation markers in esophageal cancer. Front Genet 2024; 15:1354195. [PMID: 38774285 PMCID: PMC11106492 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1354195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer (EC) is a prevalent malignancy characterized by a low 5-year survival rate, primarily attributed to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. Currently, early detection of EC heavily relies on endoscopy and pathological examination, which pose challenges due to their invasiveness and high costs, leading to low patient compliance. The detection of DNA methylation offers a non-endoscopic, cost-effective, and secure approach that holds promising prospects for early EC detection. Methods To identify improved methylation markers for early EC detection, we conducted a comprehensive review of relevant literature, summarized the performance of DNA methylation markers based on different input samples and analytical methods in EC early detection and screening. Findings This review reveals that blood cell free DNA methylation-based method is an effective non-invasive method for early detection of EC, although there is still a need to improve its sensitivity and specificity. Another highly sensitive and specific non-endoscopic approach for early detection of EC is the esophageal exfoliated cells based-DNA methylation analysis. However, while there are substantial studies in esophageal adenocarcinoma, further more validation is required in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion In conclusion, DNA methylation detection holds significant potential as an early detection and screening technology for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Xu
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Xuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bing Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- ZJUT Yinhu Research Institute of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Gil GF, Anderson JA, Aravkin A, Bhangdia K, Carr S, Dai X, Flor LS, Hay SI, Malloy MJ, McLaughlin SA, Mullany EC, Murray CJL, O'Connell EM, Okereke C, Sorensen RJD, Whisnant J, Zheng P, Gakidou E. Health effects associated with chewing tobacco: a Burden of Proof study. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1082. [PMID: 38316758 PMCID: PMC10844244 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chewing tobacco use poses serious health risks; yet it has not received as much attention as other tobacco-related products. This study synthesizes existing evidence regarding the health impacts of chewing tobacco while accounting for various sources of uncertainty. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of chewing tobacco and seven health outcomes, drawing on 103 studies published from 1970 to 2023. We use a Burden of Proof meta-analysis to generate conservative risk estimates and find weak-to-moderate evidence that tobacco chewers have an increased risk of stroke, lip and oral cavity cancer, esophageal cancer, nasopharynx cancer, other pharynx cancer, and laryngeal cancer. We additionally find insufficient evidence of an association between chewing tobacco and ischemic heart disease. Our findings highlight a need for policy makers, researchers, and communities at risk to devote greater attention to chewing tobacco by both advancing tobacco control efforts and investing in strengthening the existing evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F Gil
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason A Anderson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aleksandr Aravkin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kayleigh Bhangdia
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sinclair Carr
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaochen Dai
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luisa S Flor
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew J Malloy
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan A McLaughlin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin C Mullany
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher J L Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin M O'Connell
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chukwuma Okereke
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reed J D Sorensen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joanna Whisnant
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peng Zheng
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emmanuela Gakidou
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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4
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Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Wang Y. Simultaneous Determination for Nine Kinds of N-Nitrosamines Compounds in Groundwater by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16680. [PMID: 36554561 PMCID: PMC9779805 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The ability to effectively detect N-nitrosamine compounds by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry presents a challenge due to the problems of high detection limits and difficulty in simultaneous N-nitrosamine compound detection. In order to overcome these limitations, this study reduced the detection limit of N-nitrosamine compounds by applying n-hexane pre-treatment to remove non-polar impurities before the conventional process of column extraction. In addition, ammonium acetate was used as the mobile phase to enhance the retention of nitrosamine target substances on the chromatographic column, with formic acid added to the mobile phase to improve the ionization level of N-nitrosodiphenylamine, to achieve the simultaneous detection of multiple N-nitrosamine compounds. Applying these modifications to the established detection method allowed the rapid and accurate detection of N-nitrosamine in water within 12 min. The linear relationship, detection limit, quantification limit and sample spiked recovery rate of nine types of nitrosamine compound were investigated, showing that the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.9985-0.9999, while the detection limits of the instrument and the method were 0.280-0.928 µg·L-1 and 1.12-3.71 ng·L-1, respectively. The spiked sample recovery rate ranged from 64.2-83.0%, with a standard deviation of 2.07-8.52%, meeting the requirements for trace analysis. The method was applied to the detection of N-nitrosamine compounds in nine groundwater samples in Wuhan, China, and showed that the concentrations of N-nitrosodimethylamine and NDEA were relatively high, highlighting the need to monitor water bodies with very low levels of pollutants and identify those requiring treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- SHANGHAI Soong Ching Ling School, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Physics, Tibet University, No. 10 Zangda East Road, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yaodi Liu
- Physics, Tibet University, No. 10 Zangda East Road, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, No. 1398 Wolong Road, Nanyang 473061, China
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5
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Lin L, Cheng X, Yin D. Aberrant DNA Methylation in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biological and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2020; 10:549850. [PMID: 33194605 PMCID: PMC7645039 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.549850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all cancer cells possess multiple epigenetic abnormalities, which cooperate with genetic alterations to enable the acquisition of cancer hallmarks during tumorigenesis. As the most frequently found epigenetic change in human cancers, aberrant DNA methylation manifests at two major forms: global genomic DNA hypomethylation and locus-specific promoter region hypermethylation. It has been recognized as a critical contributor to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) malignant transformation. In ESCC, DNA methylation alterations affect genes involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, and cancer-related signaling pathways. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns occur not only in ESCC tumors but also in precursor lesions. It adds another layer of complexity to the ESCC heterogeneity and may serve as early diagnostic, prognostic, and chemo-sensitive markers. Characterization of the DNA methylome in ESCC could help better understand its pathogenesis and develop improved therapies. We herein summarize the current research and knowledge about DNA methylation in ESCC and its clinical significance in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lehang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Chen H, Qin Q, Xu Z, Chen T, Yao X, Xu B, Sun X. DNA methylation data-based prognosis-subtype distinctions in patients with esophageal carcinoma by bioinformatic studies. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2126-2138. [PMID: 32830322 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) is caused by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in esophageal mucosa. Of note, the earliest and the most frequent molecular behavior in the complicated pathogenesis of ESCA is DNA methylation. In the present study, we downloaded data of 178 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to explore specific DNA methylation sites that affect prognosis in ESCA patients. Consequently, we identified 1,098 CpGs that were significantly associated with patient prognosis. Hence, these CpGs were used for consensus clustering of the 178 samples into seven clusters. Specifically, the samples in each group were different in terms of age, gender, tumor stage, histological type, metastatic status, and patient prognosis. We further analyzed 1,224 genes in the corresponding promoter regions of the 1,098 methylation sites, and enriched these genes in biological pathways with close correlation to cellular metabolism, enzymatic synthesis, and mitochondrial autophagy. In addition, nine representative specific methylation sites were screened using the weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Finally, a prognostic prediction model for ESCA patients was built in both training and validation cohorts. In summary, our study revealed that classification based on specific DNA methylation sites could reflect ESCA heterogeneity and contribute to the improvement of individualized treatment and precise prognostic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Oncology, Yangzhou University Affiliated Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xijuan Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Smith RA, Lam AK. Liquid Biopsy for Investigation of Cancer DNA in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2129:203-215. [PMID: 32056180 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0377-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of cancer and the monitoring of cancer recurrence in treated patients are significant challenges in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Liquid biopsy is the identification of tumor biomarkers from minimally invasive samples of biological fluids, including urine, blood, stool, saliva, or cerebrospinal fluid. Liquid biopsy offers a potential solution to the problems of detection and surveillance as DNA shed from cancer cells as cell-free DNA or in exosomes can be detected in body fluids. By detecting these DNAs, we can identify the presence of cancer-associated mutations for basic detection, as well as to obtain information on the recurrence and evolution of disease following initial treatment. These sources of information have the potential to significantly improve the management of patients with ESCC. In this chapter, we detail a method for the isolation of cell-free DNA from blood plasma and DNA associated with exosomes in blood from patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Smith
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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8
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Yang W, Han Y, Zhao X, Duan L, Zhou W, Wang X, Shi G, Che Y, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Hong L, Fan D. Advances in prognostic biomarkers for esophageal cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 19:109-119. [PMID: 30582379 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1563485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lili Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Gaokai Shi
- The First Brigade of Student, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinggang Che
- The First Brigade of Student, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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9
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Gupta S, Gupta R, Sinha DN, Mehrotra R. Relationship between type of smokeless tobacco & risk of cancer: A systematic review. Indian J Med Res 2018; 148:56-76. [PMID: 30264755 PMCID: PMC6172923 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2023_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Causative linkages of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use with oral potentially malignant disorders and cancers of oral cavity, oesophagus and pancreas have been reported. Published meta-analyses have provided pooled risk estimates for major cancers caused by SLT, both on global and regional levels. This systematic review was aimed at summarizing the available studies on occurrence and mortality risk of common cancers due to various SLT products. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched from 1985 till January 2018 for observational studies on SLT and cancer. The included studies were evaluated and data were extracted and reviewed. Results: The review included 80 studies providing 121 risk estimates for various cancers. Majority of the studies from South-East Asian Region (SEAR) and Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) showed a significant positive association of SLT use with oral [odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.48 to 27.4] and oesophageal cancers (OR between 2.06 and 12.8), while studies from European Region (EUR) reported a positive association with pancreatic cancer (OR between 1.6 and 2.1). Cancer-related mortality was evaluated in a few reports with higher risk of mortality for lung (OR between 2.0 and 9.1), cervical (OR 2.0) and prostate (OR 2.1) cancers. A wide variation was noted in the association of various cancers and specific SLT products based on their nature, methods of use and inherent toxicity. The majority of chewing tobacco products displayed higher risk for oral and oesophageal cancers while the same was not observed for snus. Interpretation & conclusions: This review emphasizes on the significantly positive association of SLT use with oral and oesophageal cancers in SEAR and EMR and pancreatic cancer in EUR. Mortality estimates for SLT-associated cancers need further analysis. Risk analysis for cancers of other sites in SLT users also requires multicentric well-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Gupta
- Division of Cytopathology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
| | - Ruchika Gupta
- Division of Cytopathology, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
| | | | - Ravi Mehrotra
- WHO FCTC Global Knowledge Hub for Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
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10
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Prasad JB, Dhar M. Risk of major cancers associated with various forms of tobacco use in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-0992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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11
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Strzelczyk JK, Krakowczyk Ł, Owczarek AJ. Aberrant DNA methylation of the p16, APC, MGMT, TIMP3 and CDH1 gene promoters in tumours and the surgical margins of patients with oral cavity cancer. J Cancer 2018; 9:1896-1904. [PMID: 29896273 PMCID: PMC5995944 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity cancer is a type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality each year. An epigenetic pathway of transcriptional inactivation for many genes has been described in various cancers, including HNSCC. For our study, we selected genes for which silencing caused by hypermethylation can promote cancer development. In 75 primary HNSCC tumours and paired surgical margins, we investigated the methylation status of the p16, APC, MGMT, TIMP3 and CDH1 gene promoters by methylation-specific PCR after bisulphite treatment. The promoter methylation rates of p16, APC, MGMT, TIMP3 and CDH1 in tumours were 58.67%, 49.33%, 58.67%, 50.67%, and 57.33% and 50.67%, 41.33%, 37.33%, 42.67%, and 25.33% in the surgical margin, respectively. Our observations confirm the presence of epigenetic changes not only in the cancer cells, but also in the surrounding mucosa and represent a basis for further analysis to unravel these complicated issues. Appropriate cancer risk assessment based on epigenetic alterations in surgical margins may influence a patient's diagnosis and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Jordana 19 Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Łukasz Krakowczyk
- Clinic of Oncological and Reconstructive Surgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Str., 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jerzy Owczarek
- Department of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Ostrogórska 30 Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
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12
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Sharma U, Singhal P, Bandil K, Kumar A, Bose S, Ahuja P, Kohli M, Dewan AK, Tayal J, Banerjee BD, Prasheri A, Mehrotra R, Sharma V, Bharadwaj M. Genetic variations of IL-10: Identification of novel variations and evaluation of the impact of the SNPs/haplotype in the promoter region with the progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Indian population. Cytokine 2018; 103:99-108. [PMID: 28982581 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Rehman AU, Saikia S, Iqbal MA, Ahmad I, Sadaf, Anees A, Aravinda PS, Mishra PK, Hedau S, Saluja SS, Medhi S, Husain SA. Decreased expression of MGMT in correlation with aberrant DNA methylation in esophageal cancer patients from North India. Tumour Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Snigdha Saikia
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University Institute of Science and Technology (GUIST), Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Istaq Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadaf
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Afzal Anees
- Department of Surgery, J.N. Medical College Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, India
| | - PS Aravinda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Mishra
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Hedau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology Virus Diseases, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICPO), Noida, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash Medhi
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University Institute of Science and Technology (GUIST), Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
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Saikia S, Rehman AU, Barooah P, Sarmah P, Bhattacharyya M, Deka M, Deka M, Goswami B, Husain SA, Medhi S. Alteration in the expression of MGMT and RUNX3 due to non-CpG promoter methylation and their correlation with different risk factors in esophageal cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317701630. [PMID: 28468586 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter methylation reflects in the inactivation of different genes like O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase DNA repair gene and runt-related transcription factor 3, a known tumor suppressor gene in various cancers such as esophageal cancer. The promoter methylation was evaluated for O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and runt-related transcription factor 3 in CpG, CHH, and CHG context (where H is A, T, or C) by next-generation sequencing. The methylation status was correlated with quantitative messenger RNA expression. In addition, messenger RNA expression was correlated with different risk factors like tobacco, alcohol, betel nut consumption, and smoking habit. CpG methylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter had a positive association in the development of esophageal cancer (p < 0.05), whereas runt-related transcription factor 3 promoter methylation showed no significant association (p = 1.0) to develop esophageal cancer. However, the non-CpG methylation, CHH, and CHG were significantly correlated with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (p < 0.05) and runt-related transcription factor 3 (p < 0.05) promoters in the development of esophageal cancer. The number of cytosine converted to thymine (C→T) in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter showed a significant correlation between cases and controls (p < 0.05), but in runt-related transcription factor 3 no such significant correlation was observed. Besides, messenger RNA expression was found to be significantly correlated with promoter hypermethylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and runt-related transcription factor 3 in the context of CHG and CHH (p < 0.05). The CpG hypermethylation in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase showed positive (p < 0.05) association, whereas in runt-related transcription factor 3, it showed contrasting negative association (p = 0.23) with their messenger RNA expression. Tobacco, betel nut consumption, and smoking habits were associated with altered messenger RNA expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (p < 0.05) and betel nut consumption and smoking habits were associated with runt-related transcription factor 3 (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between messenger RNA expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and runt-related transcription factor 3 with alcohol consumption (p = 0.32 and p = 0.15). In conclusion, our results suggest that an aberrant messenger RNA expression may be the outcome of CpG, CHG, and CHH methylation in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, whereas outcome of CHG and CHH methylation in runt-related transcription factor 3 promoters along with risk factors such as consumption of tobacco, betel nut, and smoking habits in esophageal cancer from Northeast India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Saikia
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Gauhati University Institute of Science & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India.,2 Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- 3 Department of Bioscience, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Prajjalendra Barooah
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Gauhati University Institute of Science & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India.,2 Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Preeti Sarmah
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Mallika Bhattacharyya
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Muktanjalee Deka
- 4 Department of Pathology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Manab Deka
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Gauhati University Institute of Science & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Bhabadev Goswami
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Subhash Medhi
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Gauhati University Institute of Science & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
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15
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Das M, Sharma SK, Sekhon GS, Mahanta J, Phukan RK, Jalan BK. p16 gene silencing along with p53 single-nucleotide polymorphism and risk of esophageal cancer in Northeast India. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698384. [PMID: 28459370 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of esophageal cancer in Northeast India and the unique ethnic background and dietary habits provide a great opportunity to study the molecular genetics behind esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in this part of the region. We hypothesized that in addition to currently known environmental risk factors for esophageal cancer, genetic and epigenetic factors are also involved in esophageal carcinogenesis in Northeast India. Therefore, in this study, we explored the possible association between the two important G1 cell cycle regulatory genes p16 and p53 and environmental risk factors and risk of esophageal carcinogenesis. A total of 100 newly diagnosed esophageal cancer cases along with equal number of age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched controls were included in this study. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the p16 promoter methylation status. Single-nucleotide polymorphism at codon 72 of p53 gene was assessed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Aberrant methylation of p16 gene was seen in 81% of esophageal cancer cases. Hypermethylation of p16 gene was not found in healthy controls. p53 Pro/Pro genotype was found to be a risk genotype in Northeast India compared with Arg/Pro and Arg/Arg. p53 variant/polymorphism was significantly associated with esophageal cancer risk in the study population under all three genetic models, namely, dominant model (Arg/Pro + Pro/Pro vs Arg/Arg odds ratio = 2.25, confidence interval = 1.19-4.26; p = 0.012), recessive model (Arg/Arg + Arg/Pro vs Pro/Pro odds ratio = 2.35, confidence interval = 1.24-4.44; p = 0.008), and homozygous model (Pro/Pro vs Arg/Arg odds ratio = 3.33, confidence interval = 1.54-7.20; p = 0.002). However, p53 variant/polymorphism was not statistically associated with esophageal cancer risk under the heterozygous model (Pro/Pro vs Arg/Pro). In the case-only analysis based on p16 methylation, the p53 variant/polymorphism (Pro/Pro or Arg/Pro) showed significant association for esophageal cancer risk (odds ratio = 3.33, confidence interval = 1.54-7.20; p = 0.002). Gene-gene and gene-environment interaction using the case-only approach revealed a strong association between p16 methylation, p53 single-nucleotide polymorphism, and environmental factors and esophageal cancer risk. Cases with p16 methylation and p53 variant/polymorphism (Pro/Pro or Arg/Pro) along with both betel quid and tobacco chewing habit (odds ratio = 8.29, confidence interval = 1.14-60.23; p = 0.037) conferred eightfold increased risk toward esophageal cancer development. This study reveals a synergistic interaction between epigenetic, genetic, and environmental factors and risk of esophageal cancer in this high-incidence region of Northeast India. The inactivation of either p16 or p53 in a majority of esophageal cancer cases in this study suggests the possible crosstalk between the important cell cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandakini Das
- 1 Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region (ICMR), Dibrugarh, India
| | | | | | - Jagadish Mahanta
- 1 Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region (ICMR), Dibrugarh, India
| | - Rup Kumar Phukan
- 1 Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region (ICMR), Dibrugarh, India
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16
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Pournara A, Kippler M, Holmlund T, Ceder R, Grafström R, Vahter M, Broberg K, Wallberg AE. Arsenic alters global histone modifications in lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:275-84. [PMID: 27165195 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, an established carcinogen and toxicant, occurs in drinking water and food and affects millions of people worldwide. Arsenic appears to interfere with gene expression through epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications. We investigated the effects of arsenic on histone residues in vivo as well as in vitro. Analysis of H3K9Ac and H3K9me3 in CD4+ and CD8+ sorted blood cells from individuals exposed to arsenic through drinking water in the Argentinean Andes showed a significant decrease in global H3K9me3 in CD4+ cells, but not CD8+ cells, with increasing arsenic exposure. In vitro studies of inorganic arsenic-treated T lymphocytes (Jurkat and CCRF-CEM, 0.1, 1, and 100 μg/L) showed arsenic-related modifications of H3K9Ac and changes in the levels of the histone deacetylating enzyme HDAC2 at very low arsenic concentrations. Further, in vitro exposure of kidney HEK293 cells to arsenic (1 and 5 μM) altered the protein levels of PCNA and DNMT1, parts of a gene expression repressor complex, as well as MAML1. MAML1 co-localized and interacted with components of this complex in HEK293 cells, and in silico studies indicated that MAML1 expression correlate with HDAC2 and DNMT1 expression in kidney cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that arsenic exposure may lead to changes in the global levels of H3K9me3 and H3K9Ac in lymphocytes. Also, we show that arsenic exposure affects the expression of PCNA and DNMT1-proteins that are part of a gene expression silencing complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Pournara
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Holmlund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Ceder
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Grafström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika E Wallberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Dwivedi S, Singh S, Goel A, Khattri S, Mandhani A, Sharma P, Misra S, Pant KK. Pro-(IL-18) and Anti-(IL-10) Inflammatory Promoter Genetic Variants (Intrinsic Factors) with Tobacco Exposure (Extrinsic Factors) May Influence Susceptibility and Severity of Prostate Carcinoma: A Prospective Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:3173-81. [PMID: 25921117 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.8.3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that IL-18 (pro-) and IL-10 (anti-) inflammatory genetic variants at -607 C/A-137G/C and -819C/T,-592C/A, respectively, may generate susceptibility and severity risk with various modes of tobacco exposure in prostate carcinoma (PCa) patients. IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed on various cells including prostate gland elements, and is a key mediator of immune responses with anti-cancerous properties. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that is associated with tumour malignancy which causes immune escape. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted with 540 subjects, comprising 269 prostate carcinoma patients and 271 controls. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP and confirmed by real time PCR probe-based methods. RESULTS The findings indicated that the mutant heterozygous and homozygous genotype CC and GC+CC showed significant negative associations (p=0.01, OR=0.21; 95% CI: 0.08-0.51 and p=0.011, OR=0.43; 95% CI: 0.22-0.81, respectively) thus, less chance to be diagnosed as cancer against GG genotype of tobacco smoking patients. In addition, a heterozygous GC genotype at the same locus of IL-18 pro-inflammatory cytokine may aggravate the severity (OR=2.82; 95%CI 1.09-7.29 :p=001) so that patients are more likely to be diagnosed in advanced stage than with the GG wild homozygous genotype. Our results also illustrated that anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) genetic variants, although showing no significant association with susceptibility to cancer of the prostate, may gave profound effects on severity of the disease, as -819 TC (OR=4.60; 95%CI 1.35-15.73), and -592 AC (OR=5.04; 95%CI 1.08-25.43) of IL-10 in tobacco chewers and combined users (both chewers and smokers) respectively, are associated with diagnosis in more advanced stage than with other variants. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that promoter genetic variants of IL-18 and IL-10 with various modes of tobacco exposure may affect not only susceptibility risk but also severity in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India E-mail : tarang2016@ gmail.com
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Singh V, Singh LC, Vasudevan M, Chattopadhyay I, Borthakar BB, Rai AK, Phukan RK, Sharma J, Mahanta J, Kataki AC, Kapur S, Saxena S. Esophageal Cancer Epigenomics and Integrome Analysis of Genome-Wide Methylation and Expression in High Risk Northeast Indian Population. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 19:688-99. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Singh
- National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rup Kumar Phukan
- Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), Dibrugadh, Assam, India
| | | | - Jagadish Mahanta
- Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC), Dibrugadh, Assam, India
| | | | - Sujala Kapur
- National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Saxena
- National Institute of Pathology (ICMR), New Delhi, India
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