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Stefanos R, Lewis RM, Querec TD, Gargano JW, Unger ER, Markowitz LE. High impact of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine across racial/ethnic groups: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2006 and 2015-2018. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2308378. [PMID: 38372273 PMCID: PMC10877980 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2308378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical as well as other cancers. Racial and ethnic disparities in cervical cancer incidence and mortality in the United States are well documented. HPV vaccination has been recommended in the United States since 2006 and is expected to prevent HPV-attributable cancers in all racial/ethnic groups. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine-type (HPV6/11/16/18) and nonvaccine-type cervicovaginal HPV prevalences were estimated from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in 2015-2018 (vaccine era) and 2003-2006 (prevaccine era) data. Prevalence ratios comparing 2015-2018 to 2003-2006 were calculated among sexually experienced Non-Hispanic White (NHW), Non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Mexican American (MA) females aged 14-24 years. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine-type prevalence declined 82% (CI: 60%-92%) among NHW, 86% (CI: 64%-95%) among NHB, and 100% among MA females, forecasting future reductions in cervical cancer across racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Stefanos
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rayleen M. Lewis
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Troy D. Querec
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julia W. Gargano
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauri E. Markowitz
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Tabatabaeian H, Bai Y, Huang R, Chaurasia A, Darido C. Navigating therapeutic strategies: HPV classification in head and neck cancer. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:220-230. [PMID: 38643337 PMCID: PMC11263586 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organisation recognised human papillomavirus (HPV) as the cause of multiple cancers, including head and neck cancers. HPV is a double-stranded DNA virus, and its viral gene expression can be controlled after infection by cellular and viral promoters. In cancer cells, the HPV genome is detected as either integrated into the host genome, episomal (extrachromosomal), or a mixture of integrated and episomal. Viral integration requires the breakage of both viral and host DNA, and the integration rate correlates with the level of DNA damage. Interestingly, patients with HPV-positive head and neck cancers generally have a good prognosis except for a group of patients with fully integrated HPV who show worst clinical outcomes. Those patients present with lowered expression of viral genes and limited infiltration of cytotoxic T cells. An impediment to effective therapy applications in the clinic is the sole testing for HPV positivity without considering the HPV integration status. This review will discuss HPV integration as a potential determinant of response to therapies in head and neck cancers and highlight to the field a novel therapeutic avenue that would reduce the cancer burden and improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuchen Bai
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruihong Huang
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Akhilanand Chaurasia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Charbel Darido
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Petagna CN, Perez S, Hsu E, Greene BM, Banner I, Bednarczyk RA, Escoffery C. Facilitators and barriers of HPV vaccination: a qualitative study in rural Georgia. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:592. [PMID: 38750439 PMCID: PMC11094994 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination protects against HPV-associated cancers and genital warts. Healthy People 2030 goal for HPV vaccine uptake is 80%, but as of 2021, only 58.5% of adolescents are up to date in Georgia. The purpose of the study is to assess the attitudes, vaccine practices, facilitators, and barriers to receiving the HPV vaccine in southwest Georgia. METHODS We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews in the United States from May 2020-Feburary 2022 with three different audiences (young adults, parents, and providers and public health professionals) guided by the P3 (patient-, provider-, practice-levels) Model. The audiences were recruited by multiple methods including fliers, a community advisory board, Facebook ads, phone calls or emails to schools and health systems, and snowball sampling. Young adults and parents were interviewed to assess their perceived benefits, barriers, and susceptibility of the HPV vaccine. Providers and public health professionals were interviewed about facilitators and barriers of patients receiving the HPV vaccine in their communities. We used deductive coding approach using a structured codebook, two coders, analyses in MAXQDA, and matrices. RESULTS Out of the 40 interviews: 10 young adults, 20 parents, and 10 providers and public health professionals were interviewed. Emerging facilitator themes to increase the uptake of the HPV vaccine included existing knowledge (patient level) and community outreach, providers' approach to the HPV vaccine recommendations and use of educational materials in addition to counseling parents or young adults (provider level) and immunization reminders (practice level). Barrier themes were lack of knowledge around HPV and the HPV vaccine (patient level), need for strong provider recommendation and discussing the vaccine with patients (provider level), and limited patient reminders and health education information around HPV vaccination (practice level). Related to socio-ecology, the lack of transportation and culture of limited discussion about vaccination in rural communities and the lack of policies facilitating the uptake of the HPV vaccine (e.g., school mandates) were described as challenges. CONCLUSION These interviews revealed key themes around education, knowledge, importance of immunization reminders, and approaches to increasing the HPV vaccination in rural Georgia. This data can inform future interventions across all levels (patient, provider, practice, policy, etc.) to increase HPV vaccination rates in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney N Petagna
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Stephen Perez
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Erica Hsu
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Brenda M Greene
- Southwest Health District, 8-2, Division of Public Health, Georgia Department of Public Health, Albany, GA, 31710, USA
| | - Ionie Banner
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Robert A Bednarczyk
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Cam Escoffery
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Rebolj M, Brentnall AR, Cuschieri K. Predictable changes in the accuracy of human papillomavirus tests after vaccination: review with implications for performance monitoring in cervical screening. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1733-1743. [PMID: 38615108 PMCID: PMC11130303 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) is changing the performance of cytology as a cervical screening test, but its effect on HPV testing is unclear. We review the effect of HPV16/18 vaccination on the epidemiology and the detection of HPV infections and high-grade cervical lesions (CIN2+) to evaluate the likely direction of changes in HPV test accuracy. The reduction in HPV16/18 infections and cross-protection against certain non-16/18 high-risk genotypes, most notably 31, 33, and/or 45, will likely increase the test's specificity but decrease its positive predictive value (PPV) for CIN2+. Post-vaccination viral unmasking of non-16/18 genotypes due to fewer HPV16 co-infections might reduce the specificity and the PPV for CIN2+. Post-vaccination clinical unmasking exposing a higher frequency of CIN2+ related to non-16/18 high-risk genotypes is likely to increase the specificity and the PPV of HPV tests. The effect of HPV16/18 vaccination on HPV test sensitivity is difficult to predict based on these changes alone. Programmes relying on HPV detection for primary screening should monitor the frequency of false-positive and false-negative tests in vaccinated (younger) vs. unvaccinated (older) cohorts, to assess the outcomes and performance of their service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matejka Rebolj
- Centre for Cancer Screening, Prevention, and Early Detection, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Adam R Brentnall
- Centre for Evaluation and Methods, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kate Cuschieri
- Scottish HPV Reference Laboratory, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
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Rosenblum HG, Gargano JW, Cleveland AA, Dahl RM, Park IU, Whitney E, Castilho JL, Sackey E, Niccolai LM, Brackney M, Debess E, Ehlers S, Bennett NM, Kurtz R, Unger ER, Markowitz LE. U.S. Women with Invasive Cervical Cancer: Characteristics and Potential Barriers to Prevention. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:594-603. [PMID: 38608239 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Although invasive cervical cancer (ICC) rates have declined since the advent of screening, the annual age-adjusted ICC rate in the United States remains 7.5 per 100,000 women. Failure of recommended screening and management often precedes ICC diagnoses. The study aimed to evaluate characteristics of women with incident ICC, including potential barriers to accessing preventive care. Materials and Methods: We abstracted medical records for patients with ICC identified during 2008-2020 in five U.S. population-based surveillance sites covering 1.5 million women. We identified evidence of adverse social and medical conditions, including uninsured/underinsured, language barrier, substance use disorder, incarceration, serious mental illness, severe obesity, or pregnancy at diagnosis. We calculated descriptive frequencies and compared potential barriers by race/ethnicity, and among women with and without symptoms at diagnosis using chi-square tests. Results: Among 1,606 women with ICC (median age: 49 years; non-White: 47.4%; stage I: 54.7%), the majority (68.8%) presented with symptoms. Forty-six percent of women had at least one identified potential barrier; 15% had multiple barriers. The most common potential barriers among all women were being underinsured/uninsured (17.3%), and language (17.1%). Presence of any potential barrier was more frequent among non-White women and women with than without symptoms (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this population-based descriptive study of women with ICC, we identified adverse circumstances that might have prevented women from seeking screening and treatment to prevent cancer. Interventions to increase appropriate cervical cancer screening and management are critical for reducing cervical cancer rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Rosenblum
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julia W Gargano
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Angela A Cleveland
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca M Dahl
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ina U Park
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erin Whitney
- California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Jessica L Castilho
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emmanuel Sackey
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Linda M Niccolai
- Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Monica Brackney
- Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emilio Debess
- Oregon Department of Human Services, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sara Ehlers
- Oregon Department of Human Services, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Nancy M Bennett
- Center for Community Health and Prevention, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - RaeAnne Kurtz
- Center for Community Health and Prevention, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauri E Markowitz
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Petagna CN, Perez S, Hsu E, Greene BM, Banner I, Bednarczyk RA, Escoffery C. Facilitators and barriers of HPV vaccination: a qualitative study in rural Georgia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3979079. [PMID: 38496559 PMCID: PMC10942563 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3979079/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination protects against HPV-associated cancers and genital warts. Healthy People 2030 goal for HPV vaccine uptake is 80%, but as of 2021, only 58.5% of adolescents are up to date in Georgia. The purpose of the study is to assess the attitudes, vaccine practices, facilitators, and barriers to receiving the HPV vaccine in southwest Georgia. Methods We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews with three different audiences (young adults, parents, and providers and public health professionals) guided by the P3 (patient-, provider-, practice-levels) model and used deductive coding approach. Young adults and parents were interviewed to assess their perceived benefits, barriers, and susceptibility of the HPV vaccine. Providers and public health professionals were interviewed about facilitators and barriers of patients receiving the HPV vaccine in their communities. Results Out of the 40 interviews: 10 young adults, 20 parents, and 10 providers and public health professionals were interviewed. Emerging facilitator themes to increase the uptake of the HPV vaccine included existing knowledge (patient level), providers' approach to the HPV vaccine recommendations (provider level) and immunization reminders (practice level). Barrier themes were lack of knowledge around HPV and the HPV vaccine (patient level), need for strong provider recommendation and discussing the vaccine with patients (provider level), and limited patient reminders and information (practice level). Conclusions These interviews revealed key themes around education, knowledge, importance of immunization reminders, and approaches to increasing the HPV vaccination in rural Georgia. This data can inform future interventions across all levels (patient, provider, practice, policy, etc.) to increase HPV vaccination rates in rural communities.
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Pfingstag CS. Increasing Rates of Human Papillomavirus Catch-Up Vaccination at a Sexual and Reproductive Health Clinic: A Quality Improvement Project. J Midwifery Womens Health 2024; 69:294-299. [PMID: 37766394 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Catch-up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of adults aged 19 to 26 who were not vaccinated as children or adolescents may decrease rates of HPV-associated cancer. The purpose of this project was to increase uptake of catch-up HPV vaccination at a sexual and reproductive health clinic through the implementation of a multicomponent, systems-based intervention. PROCESS Catch-up vaccination rates were recorded at an intervention health clinic and a comparison health clinic. A comparative, interrupted time series design was used to compare rates of catch-up vaccination pre- and postintervention. Electronic health record prompts, in-clinic education, and scheduling of a next visit at the current visit were implemented. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t tests, and regression analysis. OUTCOMES The proportion of all patients aged 19 to 26 who received an HPV vaccination rose at the intervention health clinic from 0.76% preintervention to 4.42% postintervention. At the intervention clinic there was a nonsignificant increase (4.47 minutes) in average daily patient cycle times between the pre- and postintervention periods (t(13) = 1.895, P = .075). DISCUSSION Rates of catch-up HPV vaccination increased significantly following the multicomponent, systems-based intervention. Further iteration of the quality improvement process should examine the sustainability of the interventions and the effects of the intervention on vaccine series completion.
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Zhang J, Zha T, Wang X, He W. Prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infections among women in Chengdu,China. Virol J 2024; 21:52. [PMID: 38429823 PMCID: PMC10908056 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection among female is the cause of cervical cancer and genital warts. In China, the HPV vaccination rate and the target population screening rate among females are low, and the aims of this study on the genotype distribution and prevalence of HPV infection were to provide more targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer and HPV-related diseases. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction-reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB) was adopted for HPV genotyping test, the prevalence and 23 genotypes distribution of HPV infections among 181,705 women in Chengdu from 2013 to 2020 were analysed. RESULTS The overall prevalence rate of HPV infection among 181,705 cases was 23.28%, the prevalence of HR-HPV at the age group < 20 years, 60-69 years and ≥ 70 years were higher than the overall prevalence.The prevalence of HPV showed a bimodal U-shaped curve with age; the first and second peak common occurred among females < 20 years old (42.97%) and 60-69 years old (37.56%), respectively.The top five genotypes of HPV infection among females in Chengdu were HPV52/16/58/81/53. Single infection (73.26%) was the main HPV infection pattern, followed by double infection (19.17%) and multiple infection (7.57%), the infection rate of HPV showed a gradual declined as the patterns of HPV coinfections increased, low-risk and high-risk coinfection was higher in low-risk HPV infection (43.68%) and lower in high-risk HPV infection (13.59%). The prevalence of genotypes - 6 and - 81 infection was the second highest at the age group of 20 and 40-59, respectively, while the prevalence of HPV16 was the highest at the age group of ≥ 70 among 23 genotypes among the 181,705 women. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HPV infections among women in Chengdu is higher than domestic certain developed citys, among the five vaccines available, nonavalent vaccine is more suitable for Chengdu females. For young females prioritizing vaccination is essential in the current context.Double screening for HPV DNA is important in middle-aged women (30-49 years), and screening should not be lacking in older women (> 65 years). Additionally,for patients with genital warts, it is necessary to screen for high-risk HPV infection and provide appropriate management and treatment. Given the limitations of this study, future HPV research should aim to achieve full coverage of the target population, and our studies should also include cellular or pathological data of HPV-positive cases, vaccination rates, and various lifestyle details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Tianzhi Zha
- Chengdu Angel medical equipment Co., LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Weijun He
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
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Wei X, Zhang J, Mei Y, Dai Q, Yang X, Wang X. Prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV6/11/16/18 infections among 180,276 outpatient females from a Women's and Children's Central Hospital, 2015-2021, Chengdu, China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22249. [PMID: 38097632 PMCID: PMC10721790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study on human papilloma virus (HPV) 6/11/16/18 infection among females in Chengdu were to provide more targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer and genital warts. In this study, the infection status of 20 genotypes was analysed by gene chip technology. The prevalence rates of HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18 infection among 180,276 cases were 0.94%, 0.57%, 3.22%, and 1.28%, respectively. The prevalence of HPV 6/11/16/18 showed a bimodal U-shaped curve with age; the first and second peak occurred among females < 20 and ≥ 60 years old, respectively. As the multiplicity of infections involving HPV6/11/16/18 increases, the infection rate decreases. The ratios of HPV16 single infection showed a yearly increase. The top five genotypes with HPV-16, -18, -6, and -11 in coinfection were HPV52/58/53/51/33, HPV 52/16/53/58/51, HPV52/16/58/51/53 and HPV16/52/58/59/18, respectively, HPV16/18/6/11 were mainly coinfected with HR-HPV. In sum, among the five vaccines available, nonavalent vaccine is more suitable for Chengdu females. For young females prioritizing vaccination is essential in the current context, while HPV screening remains an effective approach for older females. Additionally, in patients with genital warts, it is necessary to assess the presence of high-risk HPV infection and manage it appropriately in patients with genital warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wei
- Department of Cervical Disease and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Youwen Mei
- Department of Assisted reproduction department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Qianling Dai
- Department of Cervical Disease and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Cervical Disease and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
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Dabán-López P, Fernández-Martínez NF, Petrova D, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Gutierrez J, Sánchez MJ. Epidemiology of human papillomavirus-associated anogenital cancers in Granada: a three-decade population-based study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1205170. [PMID: 37780447 PMCID: PMC10537955 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1205170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction HPV infection is a common risk factor for all anogenital cancers. However, there are important differences in the epidemiology of anogenital cancers and these have not been compared considering diverse epidemiological indicators over a long period of time. To fill this gap, we investigated incidence, mortality, and survival trends of anogenital cancers over a period of three decades. Methods We conducted an observational registry-based study using data from the population-based cancer registry of Granada in southern Spain. We collected data on all incident cases of anogenital cancer (cervical, anal, penile, vulvar, and vaginal cancer) diagnosed between 1985 and 2017. We calculated crude and age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, and 1, 3, and 5-year overall and net survival. We further conducted time-trend analysis calculating annual percent changes (APC) for each cancer site. Results The incidence of anogenital cancers decreased slightly during the past 30 years, with the exception of vulvar cancer, where a slight increase was observed. Mortality decreased significantly for cervical cancer over the study period but increased non-significantly for the remaining cancer sites. Survival rates were similar to those reported in comparable countries and increased for cervical and vulvar cancer. Discussion Cervical cancer was the greatest contributor to the burden of anogenital cancers and showed a marked improvement in all indicators in comparison to the remaining cancer sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Dabán-López
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Nicolás Francisco Fernández-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dafina Petrova
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Gutierrez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Schwartz BI, Maccani M, Bansal S, Gannon M. Parental perceptions of the HPV vaccine for prevention of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Vaccine X 2023; 14:100298. [PMID: 37113741 PMCID: PMC10126902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Human papillomavirus (HPV) is implicated in the development of both anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Although HPV vaccination prevents the majority of anogenital and head and neck cancers (HNC), vaccination rates remain low, especially among males. Known barriers to vaccination are knowledge gaps and vaccine acceptability. The objective of this study is to explore parental knowledge, perceptions, and decision-making processes about HPV and HPV vaccination for both anogenital and HNC. Methods This qualitative study recruited parents of children and adolescents aged 8-18 to participate in semi-structured telephone interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic analyses, informed by an inductive approach. Results A total of 31 parents participated in the study. Six themes emerged: 1) knowledge about HPV vaccines, 2) perceptions and attitudes toward cancers, 3) role of child's sex in HPV vaccination, 4) decision-making processes around HPV vaccination, 5) communication with health care providers about HPV vaccines, and 6) influence of social networks. There were significant knowledge gaps about the vaccine's indications and effects, especially for males and HNC prevention. Parents had concerns related to risks of the HPV vaccine. They cited pediatricians as important sources of information about vaccination and critical to their decision-making. Conclusions This study identified many parental knowledge gaps related to HPV vaccination, with information about males, HNC prevention, and risks particularly lacking. As parents identified pediatricians as the most important sources of information regarding HPV vaccination, this should empower pediatricians to educate families about this important preventive health measure, with a focus on addressing concerns about vaccine risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth I. Schwartz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Adolescent Medicine and Pediatric Gynecology, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut St., 1 Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Merissa Maccani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shalini Bansal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meghan Gannon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Gong X, Chi H, Xia Z, Yang G, Tian G. Advances in HPV-associated tumor management: Therapeutic strategies and emerging insights. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28950. [PMID: 37465863 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid increase in the incidence of cervical cancer, anal cancer and other cancers, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has become a growing concern. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV is a major cause of malignant tumors. In addition, microbiota and viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, and Epstein-Barr virus are closely associated with HPV infection. The limited effectiveness of existing treatments for HPV-associated tumors and the high rates of recurrence and metastasis in patients create an urgent need for novel and effective approaches. In recent years, HPV vaccine coverage has increased and can reduce the incidence of serious adverse events. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive overview of HPV biology, microbiome, and other viral interactions in cancer development, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive approach to cancer prevention and treatment. Current and emerging HPV-related cancer control and treatment strategies are also further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjin Gong
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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13
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Gao M, Hu S, Zhao X, You T, Jit M, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Zhao F, Wang C. Health and economic impact of delaying large-scale HPV vaccination and screening implementation on cervical cancer in China: a modelling study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 36:100768. [PMID: 37547038 PMCID: PMC10398607 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Current uptake of HPV vaccination and screening in China is far below World Health Organization 2030 targets for cervical cancer elimination. We quantified health and economic losses of delaying large-scale HPV vaccination and screening implementation in China. Methods We used a previously validated transmission model to project lifetime health benefits, costs, effectiveness, and timeline for cervical cancer elimination of alternative scenarios, including combining HPV vaccination initiated from 2022 to 2030 with screening in different modalities and coverage increase rates, as well as screening alone. All women living or projected to be born in China during 2022-2100 were considered. We employed a societal perspective. Findings Regardless of vaccine type, immediate large-scale vaccination initiated in 2022 and achieving 70% coverage of HPV-based screening in 2030 (no-delay scenario) would be the least costly and most effective. Compared with the no-delay scenario, delaying vaccination by eight years would result in 434,000-543,000 additional cervical cancer cases, 138,000-178,000 deaths, and $2863-4437 million costs, and delay elimination by 9-10 years. Even with immediate vaccination, the gradual scale-up of LBC-based screening to 70% coverage in 2070 would result in 2,530,000-3,060,000 additional cases, 909,000-1,040,000 deaths, and $5098-5714 million costs compared with no-delay scenario, and could not achieve elimination if domestic 2vHPV or 4vHPV vaccines are used (4.09-4.21 cases per 100,000 woman in 2100). Interpretation Delaying large-scale HPV vaccination and/or high-performance screening implementation has detrimental consequences for cervical cancer morbidity, mortality, and expenditure. These findings should spur health authorities to expedite large-scale vaccine rollout and improve screening. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-031449 and INV-003174) and CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (2021-I2M-1-004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shangying Hu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelian Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting You
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mark Jit
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Youlin Qiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghui Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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14
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Escoffery C, Petagna C, Agnone C, Perez S, Saber LB, Ryan G, Dhir M, Sekar S, Yeager KA, Biddell CB, Madhivanan P, Lee S, English AS, Savas L, Daly E, Vu T, Fernandez ME. A systematic review of interventions to promote HPV vaccination globally. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1262. [PMID: 37386430 PMCID: PMC10308645 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine being a safe, effective cancer prevention method, its uptake is suboptimal in the United States (U.S.). Previous research has found a variety of intervention strategies (environmental and behavioral) to increase its uptake. The purpose of the study is to systematically review the literature on interventions that promote HPV vaccination from 2015 to 2020. METHODS We updated a systematic review of interventions to promote HPV vaccine uptake globally. We ran keyword searches in six bibliographic databases. Target audience, design, level of intervention, components and outcomes were abstracted from the full-text articles in Excel databases. RESULTS Of the 79 articles, most were conducted in the U.S. (72.2%) and in clinical (40.5%) or school settings (32.9%), and were directed at a single level (76.3%) of the socio-ecological model. Related to the intervention type, most were informational (n = 25, 31.6%) or patient-targeted decision support (n = 23, 29.1%). About 24% were multi-level interventions, with 16 (88.9%) combining two levels. Twenty-seven (33.8%) reported using theory in intervention development. Of those reporting HPV vaccine outcomes, post-intervention vaccine initiation ranged from 5% to 99.2%, while series completion ranged from 6.8% to 93.0%. Facilitators to implementation were the use of patient navigators and user-friendly resources, while barriers included costs, time to implement and difficulties of integrating interventions into the organizational workflow. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong need to expand the implementation of HPV-vaccine promotion interventions beyond education alone and at a single level of intervention. Development and evaluation of effective strategies and multi-level interventions may increase the uptake of the HPV vaccine among adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cam Escoffery
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, 404-727-4701, USA.
| | - Courtney Petagna
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, 404-727-4701, USA
| | - Christine Agnone
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, 404-727-4701, USA
| | - Stephen Perez
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, 404-727-4701, USA
| | - Lindsay B Saber
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, 404-727-4701, USA
| | - Grace Ryan
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Meena Dhir
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, 404-727-4701, USA
| | - Swathi Sekar
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, 404-727-4701, USA
| | - Katherine A Yeager
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caitlin B Biddell
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Purnima Madhivanan
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Stephanie Lee
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda S English
- Institute for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Lara Savas
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eliza Daly
- Prevention Research Center, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Thuy Vu
- Health Promotion Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria E Fernandez
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Thapa HR, Unger ER, Querec TD. Evaluation of the Novaplex II HPV28 Detection Assay for HPV Typing in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues. J Mol Diagn 2023; 25:211-216. [PMID: 36693473 PMCID: PMC10436062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are recommended for prevention of HPV-associated cancers. Type-specific detection of HPV in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues retrieved from diagnostic pathology laboratories is important in monitoring the impact of HPV vaccines. However, few typing assays have been validated for testing FFPE samples. Results of the Novaplex II HPV28 Detection (Novaplex) assay were compared with those from the reference assay (Linear Array with reflex Line Probe Assay) on 708 FFPE samples from cervical lesions. Novaplex showed high type-specific concordance with the reference method for HPV16/18, 9 types targeted by the Gardasil 9 vaccine, 14 high-risk types, and 21 types covered by comparison assays. The rate of inadequate samples was low in both approaches (reference, 3.4%; Novaplex, 1.7%). The proportion of discrepant types was less than 3.5% and positive concordance was greater than 75.0%. Furthermore, the type-specific positive agreement (92.0% to 98.0%), negative agreement (96.0% to 99.0%), and accuracy (97.0% to 99.0%) was high. Cohen's κ ranged from 0.86 to 0.89, indicating excellent agreement between Novaplex and reference assays. The results show that Novaplex is a suitable method for detection of HPV in FFPE tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem R Thapa
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Troy D Querec
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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16
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Clay PA, Thompson TD, Markowitz LE, Ekwueme DU, Saraiya M, Chesson HW. Updated estimate of the annual direct medical cost of screening and treatment for human papillomavirus associated disease in the United States. Vaccine 2023; 41:2376-2381. [PMID: 36907737 PMCID: PMC10198126 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The annual direct medical cost attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) in the United States over the period 2004-2007 was estimated at $9.36 billion in 2012 (updated to 2020 dollars). The purpose of this report was to update that estimate to account for the impact of HPV vaccination on HPV-attributable disease, reductions in the frequency of cervical cancer screening, and new data on the cost per case of treating HPV-attributable cancers. Based primarily on data from the literature, we estimated the annual direct medical cost burden as the sum of the costs of cervical cancer screening and follow-up and the cost of treating HPV-attributable cancers, anogenital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). We estimated the total direct medical cost of HPV to be $9.01 billion annually over the period 2014-2018 (2020 U.S. dollars). Of this total cost, 55.0% was for routine cervical cancer screening and follow-up, 43.8% was for treatment of HPV-attributable cancer, and less than 2% was for treating anogenital warts and RRP. Although our updated estimate of the direct medical cost of HPV is slightly lower than the previous estimate, it would have been substantially lower had we not incorporated more recent, higher cancer treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Clay
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Trevor D Thompson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Lauri E Markowitz
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Donatus U Ekwueme
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Mona Saraiya
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Harrell W Chesson
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Cervical cancer screening is an essential component of preventative health care. Although rates of cervical cancer have decreased over the last 50 years, survival has not changed dramatically, and there are significant discrepancies in disease detection by race. Multiple national organizations contribute to the recommendations for cervical cancer screening timing, testing modalities, and management. This article aims to summarize the current understanding of cervical cancer pathogenesis, options for cervical cancer screening, and the shift in guidelines toward risk-based clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gavinski
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3459 Fifth Avenue, 9 South, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Deborah DiNardo
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, PA, 15240, USA
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18
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Colposcopy Standards: Guidelines for Endocervical Curettage at Colposcopy. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2023; 27:97-101. [PMID: 36222824 PMCID: PMC9770112 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The most recent guidelines for colposcopy practice in the United States, the 2017 Colposcopy Standards Consensus Guidelines, did not include recommendations for endocervical curettage (ECC). This document provides updated guidelines for use of ECC among patients referred for colposcopy. METHODS Consensus guidelines for the use of ECC were developed in 2012. To update these guidelines in concordance with the 2017 Colposcopy Standards process, an expert workgroup was convened in 2021. Literature had been previously reviewed through 2011, before the 2012 guideline. Literature from the years 2012-2021 and data from the NCI Biopsy study were reviewed, focusing on the additional yield of ECC. RESULTS Endocervical curettage is recommended for patients with high-grade cytology, human papillomavirus 16/18 infection, positive results on dual staining for p16/Ki67, for those previously treated for known or suspected cervical precancer or considering observation of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, and when the squamocolumnar junction is not fully visualized at colposcopy. Endocervical curettage is preferred for all patients aged older than 40 years. Endocervical curettage is acceptable for all nonpregnant patients undergoing colposcopy but may be omitted when a subsequent excisional procedure is planned, the endocervical canal does not admit a sampling device, or in nulliparous patients aged younger than 30 years, with cytology reported as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion regardless of whether the squamocolumnar junction is fully visualized. Endocervical curettage is unacceptable in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS These guidelines for ECC add to the 2017 consensus recommendations for colposcopy practice in the United States.
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19
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Tang X, Jones TE, Jiang W, Austin M, He Y, Li L, Tong L, Wang C, Yang K, Yin R, Zhao C. Extended human papillomavirus genotype distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer: Analysis of 40 352 cases from a large academic gynecologic center in China. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28302. [PMID: 36369778 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to conduct a large epidemiologic analysis of the distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes associated with cervical neoplasias and cancers at a major Chinese gynecologic center. The pathologic database was searched for cervical histopathologic diagnoses with prior HPV genotyping from liquid cervical cytology specimens obtained ≤6 months before biopsy. HPV testing was performed by using the Tellgenplex HPV27 or YanengBio HPV23 genotyping assays. A total of 40 352 cases meeting study criteria were identified. High risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) was detected in 94.1% of squamous cancers compared to in only 83.3% of cervical adenocarcinomas. The prevalence of multiple HPV infections was highest in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1) (33.8%) and decreased with increasing severity of squamous lesions. The distribution of HPV genotypes was similar between CIN1 and histopathologic-negative cases. HPV16 was one of the three most common hrHPV genotypes before all histopathologic abnormalities, ranging from 72.0% for cervical cancers, 38.7% for CIN2/3/AIS, 13.1% for CIN1, and 9.1% for biopsy-negative cases. HPV16 and HPV18 accounted for over 87.2% of detected hrHPV genotypes for all glandular intraepithelial neoplastic lesions and cancers, whereas squamous lesions did not show this pattern. 80.3% of cervical cancers were associated with genotypes covered by HPV16/18 vaccines and 89.6% with genotypes covered by 9-valent vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tang
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Terri E Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Marshall Austin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yanmei He
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingling Tong
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaixuan Yang
- Department of Pathology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Rutie Yin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengquan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Abstract
Persistent human papillomavirus infection is the central cause of cervical cancer, the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Clear evidence from both randomized trials and population based studies shows that vaccination against human papillomavirus reduces the incidence of cervical pre-cancer. These data suggest that the vaccine reduces the incidence of cervical cancer. However, human papillomavirus vaccine coverage is inadequate in all countries, especially in low and middle income countries where disease burden is highest. Supply side strategies to improve coverage include increasing the availability of low cost vaccines, school located delivery, single dose vaccine schedules, and development of vaccines that do not need refrigeration. Demand side strategies include enhancing provider recommendations, correcting misinformation, and public awareness campaigns. The near elimination of cervical cancer is achievable through increased uptake of human papillomavirus vaccination and efforts to increase screening for cervical cancer, especially when enacted to reduce disparities in across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rahangdale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chemtai Mungo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Siobhan O'Connor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Carla J Chibwesha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Noel T Brewer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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21
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Shahmoradi Z, Damgacioglu H, Montealegre J, Chiao EY, Sigel K, Sonawane K, Deshmukh AA. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Women Born in the 1990s vs the 1980s and Association With HPV Vaccination in the US. JAMA HEALTH FORUM 2022; 3:e222706. [PMID: 36200637 PMCID: PMC9391982 DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zahed Shahmoradi
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston
| | - Haluk Damgacioglu
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston
| | - Jane Montealegre
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth Y. Chiao
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Keith Sigel
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Kalyani Sonawane
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston
| | - Ashish A. Deshmukh
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston
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22
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Perkins RB, Saslow D, Oliver K. Long-Term Effectiveness of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Implications for Future Reduction in Cancer. Ann Intern Med 2022; 175:1037-1038. [PMID: 35576588 DOI: 10.7326/m22-1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Perkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Debbie Saslow
- Prevention and Early Detection Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kristin Oliver
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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