1
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Green DR. Cell death: Revisiting the roads to ruin. Dev Cell 2024; 59:2523-2531. [PMID: 39378838 PMCID: PMC11469552 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
A paradigm shift in the study of cell death is currently occurring: whereas previously we had always considered that there were "points of no return" in any cell death pathway, we now realize that in many types of active, regulated cell death, this is not the case. We are also learning that cells that "almost die," but nevertheless survive, can transiently take on an altered state, with potential implications for understanding cancer therapies and relapse. In this perspective, we parse the many forms of cell death by analogy to suicide, sabotage, and murder, and consider how cells that might be "instructed" to engage a cell death pathway might nevertheless survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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2
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Denizci E, Altun G, Kaplan S. Morphological evidence for the potential protective effects of curcumin and Garcinia kola against diabetes in the rat hippocampus. Brain Res 2024; 1839:149020. [PMID: 38788929 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This research investigated the effects of sciatic nerve transection and diabetes on the hippocampus, and the protective effects of Garcinia kola and curcumin. Thirty-five adults male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups: a control group (Cont), a transected group (Sham group), a transected + diabetes mellitus group (DM), a transected + diabetes mellitus + Garcinia kola group (DM + GK), and a transected + DM + curcumin group (DM + Cur), each containing seven animals. The experimental diabetes model was created with the intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin. No procedure was applied to the Cont group, while sciatic nerve transection was performed on the other groups. Garcinia kola was administered to the rats in DM + GK, and curcumin to those in DM + Cur. Cardiac perfusion was performed at the end of the experimental period. Brain tissues were dissected for stereological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical evaluations. The volume ratios of hippocampal layers to the entire hippocampus volume were compared between the groups. Anti-S100, anti-caspase 3, and anti-SOX 2 antibodies were used for immunohistochemical analysis. No statistically significant difference was observed in the volume ratios of the four hippocampal layers. However, the volume ratio of the stratum lucidum was higher in the Sham, DM, and DM + Cur groups compared to the Cont group. While curcumin exhibited a protective effect on hippocampal tissue following diabetes induction, Garcinia kola had only a weak protective effect. Increased cell density and nuclear deterioration due to diabetes and nerve transection can be partially ameliorated by treatment with Garcinia kola and curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Denizci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey; Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.
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3
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Klemm J, Van Hazel C, Harris R. Regeneration following tissue necrosis is mediated by non-apoptotic caspase activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.26.605350. [PMID: 39091851 PMCID: PMC11291143 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.26.605350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Tissue necrosis is a devastating complication for many human diseases and injuries. Unfortunately, our understanding of necrosis and how it impacts surrounding healthy tissue - an essential consideration when developing methods to treat such injuries - has been limited by a lack of robust genetically tractable models. Our lab previously established a method to study necrosis-induced regeneration in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, which revealed a unique phenomenon whereby cells at a distance from the injury upregulate caspase activity in a process called Necrosis-induced Apoptosis (NiA) that is vital for regeneration. Here we have further investigated this phenomenon, showing that NiA is predominantly associated with the highly regenerative pouch region of the disc, shaped by genetic factors present in the presumptive hinge. Furthermore, we find that a proportion of NiA fail to undergo apoptosis, instead surviving effector caspase activation to persist within the tissue and stimulate reparative proliferation late in regeneration. This proliferation relies on the initiator caspase Dronc, and occurs independent of JNK, ROS or mitogens associated with the previously characterized Apoptosis-induced Proliferation (AiP) mechanism. These data reveal a new means by which non-apoptotic Dronc signaling promotes regenerative proliferation in response to necrotic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Klemm
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Life Sciences E (LSE) 354, 427 Tyler Mall, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-4501
| | - Chloe Van Hazel
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Life Sciences E (LSE) 354, 427 Tyler Mall, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-4501
| | - Robin Harris
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Life Sciences E (LSE) 354, 427 Tyler Mall, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-4501
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4
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Cao Y, Lu C, Beeraka NM, Efetov S, Enikeev M, Fu Y, Yang X, Basappa B, He M, Li Z. Exploring the relationship between anastasis and mitochondrial ROS-mediated ferroptosis in metastatic chemoresistant cancers: a call for investigation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1428920. [PMID: 39015566 PMCID: PMC11249567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1428920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis induces significant changes in mitochondrial morphology, including membrane condensation, volume reduction, cristae alteration, and outer membrane rupture, affecting mitochondrial function and cellular fate. Recent reports have described the intrinsic cellular iron metabolism and its intricate connection to ferroptosis, a significant kind of cell death characterized by iron dependence and oxidative stress regulation. Furthermore, updated molecular insights have elucidated the significance of mitochondria in ferroptosis and its implications in various cancers. In the context of cancer therapy, understanding the dual role of anastasis and ferroptosis in chemoresistance is crucial. Targeting the molecular pathways involved in anastasis may enhance the efficacy of ferroptosis inducers, providing a synergistic approach to overcome chemoresistance. Research into how DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, metabolic changes, and redox states interact during anastasis and ferroptosis can offer new insights into designing combinatorial therapeutic regimens against several cancers associated with stemness. These treatments could potentially inhibit anastasis while simultaneously inducing ferroptosis, thereby reducing the likelihood of cancer cells evading death and developing resistance to chemotherapy. The objective of this study is to explore the intricate interplay between anastasis, ferroptosis, EMT and chemoresistance, and immunotherapeutics to better understand their collective impact on cancer therapy outcomes. We searched public research databases including google scholar, PubMed, relemed, and the national library of medicine related to this topic. In this review, we discussed the interplay between the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis implicated in modulating ferroptosis, adding complexity to its regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the regulatory role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the electron transport chain (ETC) in ferroptosis has garnered significant attention. Lipid metabolism, particularly involving GPX4 and System Xc- plays a significant role in both the progression of ferroptosis and cancer. There is a need to investigate the intricate interplay between anastasis, ferroptosis, and chemoresistance to better understand cancer therapy clinical outcomes. Integrating anastasis, and ferroptosis into strategies targeting chemoresistance and exploring its potential synergy with immunotherapy represent promising avenues for advancing chemoresistant cancer treatment. Understanding the intricate interplay among mitochondria, anastasis, ROS, and ferroptosis is vital in oncology, potentially revolutionizing personalized cancer treatment and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Chang Lu
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Narasimha M. Beeraka
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Chiyyedu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sergey Efetov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Enikeev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Fu
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xinyi Yang
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mingze He
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zhi Li
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Cao Y, Lu C, Beeraka NM, Efetov S, Enikeev M, Fu Y, Yang X, Basappa B, He M, Li Z. Exploring the relationship between anastasis and mitochondrial ROS-mediated ferroptosis in metastatic chemoresistant cancers: a call for investigation. Front Immunol 2024; 15. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1428920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis induces significant changes in mitochondrial morphology, including membrane condensation, volume reduction, cristae alteration, and outer membrane rupture, affecting mitochondrial function and cellular fate. Recent reports have described the intrinsic cellular iron metabolism and its intricate connection to ferroptosis, a significant kind of cell death characterized by iron dependence and oxidative stress regulation. Furthermore, updated molecular insights have elucidated the significance of mitochondria in ferroptosis and its implications in various cancers. In the context of cancer therapy, understanding the dual role of anastasis and ferroptosis in chemoresistance is crucial. Targeting the molecular pathways involved in anastasis may enhance the efficacy of ferroptosis inducers, providing a synergistic approach to overcome chemoresistance. Research into how DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, metabolic changes, and redox states interact during anastasis and ferroptosis can offer new insights into designing combinatorial therapeutic regimens against several cancers associated with stemness. These treatments could potentially inhibit anastasis while simultaneously inducing ferroptosis, thereby reducing the likelihood of cancer cells evading death and developing resistance to chemotherapy. The objective of this study is to explore the intricate interplay between anastasis, ferroptosis, EMT and chemoresistance, and immunotherapeutics to better understand their collective impact on cancer therapy outcomes. We searched public research databases including google scholar, PubMed, relemed, and the national library of medicine related to this topic. In this review, we discussed the interplay between the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis implicated in modulating ferroptosis, adding complexity to its regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the regulatory role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the electron transport chain (ETC) in ferroptosis has garnered significant attention. Lipid metabolism, particularly involving GPX4 and System Xc- plays a significant role in both the progression of ferroptosis and cancer. There is a need to investigate the intricate interplay between anastasis, ferroptosis, and chemoresistance to better understand cancer therapy clinical outcomes. Integrating anastasis, and ferroptosis into strategies targeting chemoresistance and exploring its potential synergy with immunotherapy represent promising avenues for advancing chemoresistant cancer treatment. Understanding the intricate interplay among mitochondria, anastasis, ROS, and ferroptosis is vital in oncology, potentially revolutionizing personalized cancer treatment and drug development.
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6
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Maurya D, Rai G, Mandal D, Mondal BC. Transient caspase-mediated activation of caspase-activated DNase causes DNA damage required for phagocytic macrophage differentiation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114251. [PMID: 38761374 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic macrophages are crucial for innate immunity and tissue homeostasis. Most tissue-resident macrophages develop from embryonic precursors that populate every organ before birth to lifelong self-renew. However, the mechanisms for versatile macrophage differentiation remain unknown. Here, we use in vivo genetic and cell biological analysis of the Drosophila larval hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland that produces macrophages. We show that the developmentally regulated transient activation of caspase-activated DNase (CAD)-mediated DNA strand breaks in intermediate progenitors is essential for macrophage differentiation. Insulin receptor-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling regulates the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1)/c-Jun kinase (JNK) axis to control sublethal levels of caspase activation, causing DNA strand breaks during macrophage development. Furthermore, caspase activity is also required for embryonic-origin macrophage development and efficient phagocytosis. Our study provides insights into developmental signaling and CAD-mediated DNA strand breaks associated with multifunctional and heterogeneous macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Maurya
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gayatri Rai
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Debleena Mandal
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bama Charan Mondal
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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7
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de Freitas FA, Levy D, Reichert CO, Sampaio-Silva J, Giglio PN, de Pádua Covas Lage LA, Demange MK, Pereira J, Bydlowski SP. Influence of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome from Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients on the Proliferation and Death of K562 and K562-Lucena Leukemia Cell Lineages. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4748. [PMID: 38731966 PMCID: PMC11084554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukemias are among the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) participate in the development of a suitable niche for hematopoietic stem cells, and are involved in the development of diseases such as leukemias, to a yet unknown extent. Here we described the effect of secretome of bone marrow MSCs obtained from healthy donors and from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) on leukemic cell lineages, sensitive (K562) or resistant (K562-Lucena) to chemotherapy drugs. Cell proliferation, viability and death were evaluated, together with cell cycle, cytokine production and gene expression of ABC transporters and cyclins. The secretome of healthy MSCs decreased proliferation and viability of both K562 and K562-Lucena cells; moreover, an increase in apoptosis and necrosis rates was observed, together with the activation of caspase 3/7, cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and changes in expression of several ABC proteins and cyclins D1 and D2. These effects were not observed using the secretome of MSCs derived from AML patients. In conclusion, the secretome of healthy MSCs have the capacity to inhibit the development of leukemia cells, at least in the studied conditions. However, MSCs from AML patients seem to have lost this capacity, and could therefore contribute to the development of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Alessandro de Freitas
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil; (F.A.d.F.); (D.L.); (C.O.R.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Débora Levy
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil; (F.A.d.F.); (D.L.); (C.O.R.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Cadiele Oliana Reichert
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil; (F.A.d.F.); (D.L.); (C.O.R.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Juliana Sampaio-Silva
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil; (F.A.d.F.); (D.L.); (C.O.R.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Pedro Nogueira Giglio
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Clinic Hospital of Medical School, Sao Paulo University (HCFMUSP), Sao Paulo 05403-010, SP, Brazil; (P.N.G.); (M.K.D.)
| | - Luís Alberto de Pádua Covas Lage
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology, Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy, Clinic Hospital of Medical School, Sao Paulo University (HCFMUSP), Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil; (L.A.d.P.C.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Marco Kawamura Demange
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Clinic Hospital of Medical School, Sao Paulo University (HCFMUSP), Sao Paulo 05403-010, SP, Brazil; (P.N.G.); (M.K.D.)
| | - Juliana Pereira
- Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Hematology, Hemotherapy and Cell Therapy, Clinic Hospital of Medical School, Sao Paulo University (HCFMUSP), Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil; (L.A.d.P.C.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo 05403-900, SP, Brazil; (F.A.d.F.); (D.L.); (C.O.R.); (J.S.-S.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine (INCT-Regenera), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Department of General Physics, Physics Institute, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil
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8
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McDonald PC, Dedhar S. Persister cell plasticity in tumour drug resistance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:1-10. [PMID: 37977107 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of therapeutic resistance remains a formidable barrier to durable responses by cancer patients and is a major cause of cancer-related deaths. It is increasingly recognized that non-genetic mechanisms of acquired resistance are important in many cancers. These mechanisms of resistance rely on inherent cellular plasticity where cancer cells can switch between multiple phenotypic states without genetic alterations, providing a dynamic, reversible resistance landscape. Such mechanisms underlie the generation of drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells, a subpopulation of tumour cells that contributes to heterogeneity within tumours and that supports therapeutic resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of the major features of DTP cells, focusing on phenotypic and metabolic plasticity as two key drivers of tolerance and persistence. We discuss the link between DTP cell plasticity and the potential vulnerability of these cells to ferroptosis. We also discuss the relationship between DTP cells and cells that survive the induction of apoptosis, a process termed anastasis, and discuss the properties of such cells in the context of increased metastatic potential and sensitivity to cell death mechanisms such as ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C McDonald
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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9
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Nano M, Montell DJ. Apoptotic signaling: Beyond cell death. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:22-34. [PMID: 37988794 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the best described form of regulated cell death, and was, until relatively recently, considered irreversible once particular biochemical points-of-no-return were activated. In this manuscript, we examine the mechanisms cells use to escape from a self-amplifying death signaling module. We discuss the role of feedback, dynamics, propagation, and noise in apoptotic signaling. We conclude with a revised model for the role of apoptosis in animal development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Nano
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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10
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Cumming T, Levayer R. Toward a predictive understanding of epithelial cell death. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:44-57. [PMID: 37400292 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cell death is highly prevalent during development and tissue homeostasis. While we have a rather good understanding of the molecular regulators of programmed cell death, especially for apoptosis, we still fail to predict when, where, how many and which specific cells will die in a tissue. This likely relies on the much more complex picture of apoptosis regulation in a tissular and epithelial context, which entails cell autonomous but also non-cell autonomous factors, diverse feedback and multiple layers of regulation of the commitment to apoptosis. In this review, we illustrate this complexity of epithelial apoptosis regulation by describing these different layers of control, all demonstrating that local cell death probability is a complex emerging feature. We first focus on non-cell autonomous factors that can locally modulate the rate of cell death, including cell competition, mechanical input and geometry as well as systemic effects. We then describe the multiple feedback mechanisms generated by cell death itself. We also outline the multiple layers of regulation of epithelial cell death, including the coordination of extrusion and regulation occurring downstream of effector caspases. Eventually, we propose a roadmap to reach a more predictive understanding of cell death regulation in an epithelial context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cumming
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Romain Levayer
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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11
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Nishida H, Albero AB, Onoue K, Ikegawa Y, Sulekh S, Sakizli U, Minami Y, Yonemura S, Wang YC, Yoo SK. Necrosensor: a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor for visualizing necrosis in Drosophila. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060104. [PMID: 38156558 PMCID: PMC10836653 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, necrosis has been considered a passive process, which is induced by extreme stress or damage. However, recent findings of necroptosis, a programmed form of necrosis, shed a new light on necrosis. It has been challenging to detect necrosis reliably in vivo, partly due to the lack of genetically encoded sensors to detect necrosis. This is in stark contrast with the availability of many genetically encoded biosensors for apoptosis. Here we developed Necrosensor, a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor that detects necrosis in Drosophila, by utilizing HMGB1, which is released from the nucleus as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). We demonstrate that Necrosensor is able to detect necrosis induced by various stresses in multiple tissues in both live and fixed conditions. Necrosensor also detects physiological necrosis that occurs during spermatogenesis in the testis. Using Necrosensor, we discovered previously unidentified, physiological necrosis of hemocyte progenitors in the hematopoietic lymph gland of developing larvae. This work provides a new transgenic system that enables in vivo detection of necrosis in real time without any intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nishida
- Division of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | | | - Kenta Onoue
- Laboratory for Ultrastructural Research, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Kyoto University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shivakshi Sulekh
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ugurcan Sakizli
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- Division of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Laboratory for Ultrastructural Research, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu-Chiun Wang
- Laboratory for Epithelial Morphogenesis, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sa Kan Yoo
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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12
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Colon Plaza S, Su TT. Ionizing radiation induces cells with past caspase activity that contribute to the adult organ in Drosophila and show reduced Loss of Heterozygosity. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:6. [PMID: 38182576 PMCID: PMC10770159 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increasing recognition that cells may activate apoptotic caspases but not die, instead displaying various physiologically relevant consequences. Mechanisms that underlie the life-or-death decision in a cell that has activated apoptotic caspases, however, are incompletely understood. By optimizing a published reporter for past caspase activity, we were able to visualize cells that survived caspase activation specifically after exposure to ionizing radiation in Drosophila larval wing discs. We found that cells with X-ray-induced past active caspases (XPAC) did not arise at random but were born at specific locations within the developing wing imaginal discs of Drosophila larvae. Inhibiting key components of the apoptotic pathway decreased XPAC number, suggesting that apoptotic signaling is needed to induce XPAC cells. Yet, XPAC cells appeared in stereotypical patterns that did not follow the pattern of IR-induced apoptosis, suggesting additional controls at play. Functional testing identified the contribution of wingless (Drosophila Wnt1) and Ras signaling to the prevalence of XPAC cells. Furthermore, by following irradiated larvae into adulthood, we found that XPAC cells contribute to the adult wing. To address the relationship between XPAC and genome stability, we combined a reporter for past caspase activity with mwh, an adult marker for Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH). We found a lower incidence of LOH among XPAC compared to cells that did not activate the reporter for past caspase activity. In addition, at time points when wing disc cells are finishing DNA repair, XPAC cells show an anti-correlation with cells with unrepaired IR-induced double-stranded breaks. Our data suggest that non-lethal caspase activity safeguards the genome by facilitating DNA repair and reducing LOH after transient exposure to X-rays. These results identify a physiological role for non-lethal caspase activity during recovery from radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Colon Plaza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0347, USA
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0347, USA.
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13
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Cho UH, Hetzer MW. Caspase-mediated nuclear pore complex trimming in cell differentiation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. eLife 2023; 12:RP89066. [PMID: 37665327 PMCID: PMC10476967 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During apoptosis, caspases degrade 8 out of ~30 nucleoporins to irreversibly demolish the nuclear pore complex. However, for poorly understood reasons, caspases are also activated during cell differentiation. Here, we show that sublethal activation of caspases during myogenesis results in the transient proteolysis of four peripheral Nups and one transmembrane Nup. 'Trimmed' NPCs become nuclear export-defective, and we identified in an unbiased manner several classes of cytoplasmic, plasma membrane, and mitochondrial proteins that rapidly accumulate in the nucleus. NPC trimming by non-apoptotic caspases was also observed in neurogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our results suggest that caspases can reversibly modulate nuclear transport activity, which allows them to function as agents of cell differentiation and adaptation at sublethal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukrae H Cho
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Martin W Hetzer
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)KlosterneuburgAustria
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14
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Shinoda N, Horikoshi M, Taira Y, Muramoto M, Hirayama S, Murata S, Miura M. Caspase cleaves Drosophila BubR1 to modulate spindle assembly checkpoint function and lifespan of the organism. FEBS J 2023; 290:4200-4223. [PMID: 37151120 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Caspases cleave over 1500 substrates in the human proteome in both lethal and non-lethal scenarios. However, reports of the physiological consequences of substrate cleavage are limited. Additionally, the manner in which caspase cleaves only a subset of substrates in the non-lethal scenario remains to be elucidated. BubR1, a spindle assembly checkpoint component, is a caspase substrate in humans, the physiological function of which remains unclear. Here, we found that caspases, especially Drice, cleave Drosophila BubR1 between the N-terminal KEN box motif and C-terminal kinase domain. By using proximity labelling, we found that Drice, but not Dcp-1, is in proximity to BubR1, suggesting that protein proximity facilitates substrate preference. The cleaved fragments displayed altered subcellular localization and protein-protein interactions. Flies that harboured cleavage-resistant BubR1 showed longer duration of BubR1 localization to the kinetochore upon colchicine treatment. Furthermore, these flies showed extended lifespan. Thus, we propose that the caspase-mediated cleavage of BubR1 limits spindle assembly checkpoint and organismal lifespan. Our results highlight the importance of the individual analysis of substrates in vivo to determine the biological significance of caspase-dependent non-lethal cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Shinoda
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Misuzu Horikoshi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yusuke Taira
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Masaya Muramoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Shoshiro Hirayama
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murata
- Laboratory of Protein Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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15
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Wang R, Wang Y, Liu X, Liu M, Sun L, Pan X, Hu H, Jiang B, Zou Y, Liu Q, Gong Y, Wang M, Sun G. Anastasis enhances metastasis and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells through upregulating cIAP2/NFκB signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:388. [PMID: 37391410 PMCID: PMC10313691 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a common strategy to treat cancer. However, acquired resistance and metastasis are the major obstacles to successful treatment. Anastasis is a process by which cells survive executioner caspase activation when facing apoptotic stress. Here we demonstrate that colorectal cancer cells can undergo anastasis after transient exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. Using a lineage tracing system to label and isolate cells that have experienced executioner caspase activation in response to drug treatment, we show that anastasis grants colorectal cancer cells enhanced migration, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Mechanistically, treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs induces upregulated expression of cIAP2 and activation of NFκB, which are required for cells to survive executioner caspase activation. The elevated cIAP2/NFκB signaling persists in anastatic cancer cells to promote migration and chemoresistance. Our study unveils that cIAP2/NFκB-dependent anastasis promotes acquired resistance and metastasis after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaohe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Menghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Huili Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Baichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yongxin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Molin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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16
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Wang Y, Wang R, Liu X, Liu M, Sun L, Pan X, Hu H, Jiang B, Zou Y, Liu Q, Gong Y, Wang M, Sun G. Chemotherapy-induced executioner caspase activation increases breast cancer malignancy through epigenetic de-repression of CDH12. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:34. [PMID: 37355711 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer relapse and metastasis are major obstacles for effective treatment. One important mechanism to eliminate cancer cells is to induce apoptosis. Activation of executioner caspases is the key step in apoptosis and was considered "a point of no return". However, in recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that cells can survive executioner caspase activation in response to apoptotic stimuli through a process named anastasis. Here we show that breast cancer cells that have survived through anastasis (anastatic cells) after exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs acquire enhanced proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, cadherin 12 (CDH12) is persistently upregulated in anastatic cells and promotes breast cancer malignancy via activation of ERK and CREB. Moreover, we demonstrate that executioner caspase activation induced by chemotherapeutic drugs results in loss of DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications in the CDH12 promoter region, leading to increased CDH12 expression. Our work unveils the mechanism underlying anastasis-induced enhancement in breast cancer malignancy, offering new therapeutic targets for preventing post-chemotherapy cancer relapse and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaohe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Menghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Huili Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Research Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Baichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yongxin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Molin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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17
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Suthar KP, Bergmann A. Something new under the sun: caspases promote cell survival under moderate heat stress. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57276. [PMID: 37165748 PMCID: PMC10240193 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of caspases in 1993 (Yuan et al, 1993), they have largely been regarded as essential Cys proteases in apoptosis. However, more recently, it has become evident that caspases also have non-apoptotic functions in the so-called caspase-dependent non-lethal processes (CDPs) including cell proliferation and cell differentiation (Aram et al, 2017). While most of the non-apoptotic functions were characterized under normal developmental conditions, a new study by Galasso et al took this examination a step further-to the analysis of moderate stress conditions. The authors now report that caspases have a non-apoptotic prosurvival function in Drosophila ovarian somatic cells exposed to moderate heat stress by controlling Hedgehog signaling and autophagy (Galasso et al, 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Panchal Suthar
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer BiologyUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer BiologyUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
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18
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Galasso A, Xu DC, Hill C, Iakovleva D, Stefana MI, Baena‐Lopez LA. Non-apoptotic caspase activation ensures the homeostasis of ovarian somatic stem cells. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e51716. [PMID: 37039000 PMCID: PMC10240206 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Current evidence has associated caspase activation with the regulation of basic cellular functions without causing apoptosis. Malfunction of non-apoptotic caspase activities may contribute to specific neurological disorders, metabolic diseases, autoimmune conditions and cancers. However, our understanding of non-apoptotic caspase functions remains limited. Here, we show that non-apoptotic caspase activation prevents the intracellular accumulation of the Patched receptor in autophagosomes and the subsequent Patched-dependent induction of autophagy in Drosophila follicular stem cells. These events ultimately sustain Hedgehog signalling and the physiological properties of ovarian somatic stem cells and their progeny under moderate thermal stress. Importantly, our key findings are partially conserved in ovarian somatic cells of human origin. These observations attribute to caspases a pro-survival role under certain cellular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Galasso
- Faculty of Medicine CentreImperial College London, South Kensington CampusLondonUK
| | - Derek Cui Xu
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Claire Hill
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University Belfast MedicineBelfastUK
| | - Daria Iakovleva
- Center for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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19
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Suresh K, Del Rosario O, Kallem M, Singh G, Shah A, Zheng L, Yun X, Philip NM, Putcha N, McClure MB, Jiang H, D'Alessio F, Srivastava M, Bera A, Shimoda LA, Merchant M, Rane MJ, Machamer CE, Mock J, Hagan R, Koch AL, Punjabi NM, Kolb TM, Damarla M. Tumor MK2 transcript levels are associated with improved response to chemotherapy and patient survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:168-178. [PMID: 36878491 PMCID: PMC10042611 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00155.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) demonstrate intrinsic resistance to cell death, even after chemotherapy. Previous work suggested defective nuclear translocation of active caspase-3 in observed resistance to cell death. We have identified mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2; encoded by the gene MAPKAPK2) is required for caspase-3 nuclear translocation in the execution of apoptosis in endothelial cells. The objective was to determine MK2 expression in NSCLCs and the association between MK2 and clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC. Clinical and MK2 mRNA data were extracted from two demographically distinct NSCLC clinical cohorts, North American (The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA) and East Asian (EA). Tumor responses following first round of chemotherapy were dichotomized as clinical response (complete response, partial response, and stable disease) or progression of disease. Multivariable survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard ratios and Kaplan-Meier curves. NSCLC exhibited lower MK2 expression than SCLC cell lines. In patients, lower tumor MK2 transcript levels were observed in those presenting with late-stage NSCLC. Higher MK2 expression was associated with clinical response following initial chemotherapy and independently associated with improved 2-yr survival in two distinct cohorts, 0.52 (0.28-0.98) and 0.1 (0.01-0.81), TCGA and EA, respectively, even after adjusting for common oncogenic driver mutations. Survival benefit of higher MK2 expression was unique to lung adenocarcinoma when comparing across various cancers. This study implicates MK2 in apoptosis resistance in NSCLC and suggests prognostic value of MK2 transcript levels in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Suresh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Othello Del Rosario
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Medha Kallem
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Gayatri Singh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Anika Shah
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Linda Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xin Yun
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nicolas M Philip
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Marni B McClure
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Franco D'Alessio
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Meera Srivastava
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Alakesh Bera
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael Merchant
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Madhavi J Rane
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Carolyn E Machamer
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jason Mock
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Robert Hagan
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Abigail L Koch
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Naresh M Punjabi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Todd M Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mahendra Damarla
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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20
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Sun L, Yao C, Li X, Wang Y, Wang R, Wang M, Liu Q, Montell DJ, Shao C, Gong Y, Sun G. Anastasis confers ovarian cancer cells increased malignancy through elevated p38 MAPK activation. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:809-824. [PMID: 36447048 PMCID: PMC9984481 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of executioner caspases was once considered as a point of no return in apoptosis. However, in recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that cells can survive executioner caspase activation in response to apoptotic stimuli through a process called anastasis. In this study, we developed a reporter system, mCasExpress, to track mammalian cells that survive executioner caspase activation. We demonstrate that anastatic ovarian cancer cells acquire enhanced migration following their transient exposure to apoptotic stimulus TRAIL or Paclitaxel. Moreover, anastatic cancer cells secrete more pro-angiogenic factors that enable tumor angiogenesis, growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that activation of p38 MAPK, which occurs in a caspase-dependent manner in response to apoptotic stress to promote anastasis, persists at a higher level in anastatic cancer cells even after removal of apoptotic stimuli. Importantly, p38 is essential for the elevated migratory and angiogenic capacity in the anastatic cells. Our work unveils anastasis as a potential driver of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Molin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Changshun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute for Translational Medicine, Soochow University Suzhou Medical College, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Gongping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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21
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Faria L, Canato S, Jesus TT, Gonçalves M, Guerreiro PS, Lopes CS, Meireles I, Morais-de-Sá E, Paredes J, Janody F. Activation of an actin signaling pathway in pre-malignant mammary epithelial cells by P-cadherin is essential for transformation. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049652. [PMID: 36808468 PMCID: PMC9983776 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the expression or function of cell adhesion molecules have been implicated in all steps of tumor progression. Among those, P-cadherin is highly enriched in basal-like breast carcinomas, playing a central role in cancer cell self-renewal, collective cell migration and invasion. To establish a clinically relevant platform for functional exploration of P-cadherin effectors in vivo, we generated a humanized P-cadherin Drosophila model. We report that actin nucleators, Mrtf and Srf, are main P-cadherin effectors in fly. We validated these findings in a human mammary epithelial cell line with conditional activation of the SRC oncogene. We show that, prior to promoting malignant phenotypes, SRC induces a transient increase in P-cadherin expression, which correlates with MRTF-A accumulation, its nuclear translocation and the upregulation of SRF target genes. Moreover, knocking down P-cadherin, or preventing F-actin polymerization, impairs SRF transcriptional activity. Furthermore, blocking MRTF-A nuclear translocation hampers proliferation, self-renewal and invasion. Thus, in addition to sustaining malignant phenotypes, P-cadherin can also play a major role in the early stages of breast carcinogenesis by promoting a transient boost of MRTF-A-SRF signaling through actin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Faria
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Master Programme in Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Canato
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Physiology and Cancer Program, Champalimaud Foundation, Avenida de Brasília, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tito T. Jesus
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gonçalves
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia S. Guerreiro
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Vector B2B - Drug Developing - Associação Para Investigação em Biotecnologia, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Edifício Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla S. Lopes
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Meireles
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eurico Morais-de-Sá
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP, Medical Faculty of University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Florence Janody
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, n 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, P-2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
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22
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Häcker G, Haimovici A. Sub-lethal signals in the mitochondrial apoptosis apparatus: pernicious by-product or physiological event? Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:250-257. [PMID: 36131076 PMCID: PMC9490730 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the tasks of mitochondria is the rule over life and death: when the outer membrane is permeabilized, the release of intermembrane space proteins causes cell death by apoptosis. For a long time, this mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) has been accepted as the famous step from which no cell returns. Recent results have however shown that this quite plainly does not have to be the case. A cell can also undergo only a little MOMP, and it can efficiently repair damage it has incurred in the process. There is no doubt now that such low-scale permeabilization occurs. A major unclarified issue is the biological relevance. Is small-scale mitochondrial permeabilization an accident, a leakiness of the apoptosis apparatus, perhaps during restructuring of the mitochondrial network? Is it attempted suicide, where cell death by apoptosis is the real goal but the stimulus failed to reach the threshold? Or, more boldly, is there a true biological meaning behind the event of the release of low amounts of mitochondrial components? We will here explore this last possibility, which we believe is on one hand appealing, on the other hand plausible and supported by some evidence. Recent data are consistent with the view that sub-lethal signals in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway can drive inflammation, the first step of an immune reaction. The apoptosis apparatus is almost notoriously easy to trigger. Sub-lethal signals may be even easier to set off. We suggest that the apoptosis apparatus is used in this way to sound the call when the first human cell is infected by a pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Aladin Haimovici
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Nano M, Mondo JA, Harwood J, Balasanyan V, Montell DJ. Cell survival following direct executioner-caspase activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216531120. [PMID: 36669100 PMCID: PMC9942801 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216531120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Executioner-caspase activation has been considered a point-of-no-return in apoptosis. However, numerous studies report survival from caspase activation after treatment with drugs or radiation. An open question is whether cells can recover from direct caspase activation without pro-survival stress responses induced by drugs. To address this question, we engineered a HeLa cell line to express caspase-3 inducibly and combined it with a quantitative caspase activity reporter. While high caspase activity levels killed all cells and very low levels allowed all cells to live, doses of caspase activity sufficient to kill 15 to 30% of cells nevertheless allowed 70 to 85% to survive. At these doses, neither the rate, nor the peak level, nor the total amount of caspase activity could accurately predict cell death versus survival. Thus, cells can survive direct executioner-caspase activation, and variations in cellular state modify the outcome of potentially lethal caspase activity. Such heterogeneities may underlie incomplete tumor cell killing in response to apoptosis-inducing cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Nano
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - James A. Mondo
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Jacob Harwood
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Varuzhan Balasanyan
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Denise J. Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106
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24
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Tang HM, Talbot CC, Fung MC, Tang HL. Transcriptomic study of anastasis for reversal of ethanol-induced apoptosis in mouse primary liver cells. Sci Data 2022; 9:418. [PMID: 35851273 PMCID: PMC9293995 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastasis is a cell recovery mechanism that rescues dying cells from the brink of death. Reversal of apoptosis is the first example of anastasis. Here, we describe a comprehensive dataset containing time-course mRNA expression profiles for reversal of ethanol-induced apoptosis in mouse primary liver cells in νitro. This transcriptome dataset includes the conditions of the untreated cells, cells undergoing apoptosis triggered by incubating with cell death inducer of 4.5% ethanol for 5 hours, and apoptosis reversal of ethanol-induced cells at the early (3rd hour), middle (6th hour), and late (24th, 48th hour) stages after being washed with and incubated in fresh cell culture medium. By comparing this dataset with the transcriptomic profiles of other anastasis models generated with different combinations of cell types and cell death inducers, investigators can identify the key regulators governing reversal of apoptosis and other reversible cell death processes. Therefore, reusing or reanalysing this dataset will facilitate the future studies on the physiological, pathological, and therapeutic implications of anastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Man Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - C Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ming Chiu Fung
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ho Lam Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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25
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Conod A, Silvano M, Ruiz I Altaba A. On the origin of metastases: Induction of pro-metastatic states after impending cell death via ER stress, reprogramming, and a cytokine storm. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110490. [PMID: 35263600 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
How metastatic cells arise is unclear. Here, we search for the induction of recently characterized pro-metastatic states as a surrogate for the origin of metastasis. Since cell-death-inducing therapies can paradoxically promote metastasis, we ask if such treatments induce pro-metastatic states in human colon cancer cells. We find that post-near-death cells acquire pro-metastatic states (PAMEs) and form distant metastases in vivo. These PAME ("let's go" in Greek) cells exhibit a multifactorial cytokine storm as well as signs of enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and nuclear reprogramming, requiring CXCL8, INSL4, IL32, PERK-CHOP, and NANOG. PAMEs induce neighboring tumor cells to become PAME-induced migratory cells (PIMs): highly migratory cells that re-enact the storm and enhance PAME migration. Metastases are thus proposed to originate from the induction of pro-metastatic states through intrinsic and extrinsic cues in a pro-metastatic tumoral ecosystem, driven by an impending cell-death experience involving ER stress modulation, metastatic reprogramming, and paracrine recruitment via a cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwen Conod
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Silvano
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ariel Ruiz I Altaba
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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26
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Colon-Plaza S, Su TT. Non-Apoptotic Role of Apoptotic Caspases in the Drosophila Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:839358. [PMID: 35223857 PMCID: PMC8863954 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.839358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies demonstrate that cells can activate apoptotic caspases but not die and, instead, display profound changes in cellular structure and function. In this minireview, we will discuss observations in the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster that illustrate non-apoptotic roles of apoptotic caspases. We will preface these examples with similar observations in other experimental systems and end with a discussion of how apoptotic caspase activity might be constrained to provide non-lethal functions without killing the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Colon-Plaza
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
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27
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Pan J, Li X, Wei Y, Ni L, Xu B, Deng Y, Yang T, Liu W. Advances on the Influence of Methylmercury Exposure during Neurodevelopment. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:43-58. [PMID: 34989572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy-metal element, which can be enriched in fauna and flora and transformed into methylmercury (MeHg). MeHg is a widely distributed environmental pollutant that may be harmful to fish-eating populations through enrichment of aquatic food chains. The central nervous system is a primary target of MeHg. Embryos and infants are more sensitive to MeHg, and exposure to MeHg during gestational feeding can significantly impair the homeostasis of offspring, leading to long-term neurodevelopmental defects. At present, MeHg-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity has become a hotspot in the field of neurotoxicology, but its mechanisms are not fully understood. Some evidence point to oxidative damage, excitotoxicity, calcium ion imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic changes, and other molecular mechanisms that play important roles in MeHg-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity. In this review, advances in the study of neurodevelopmental toxicity of MeHg exposure during pregnancy and the molecular mechanisms of related pathways are summarized, in order to provide more scientific basis for the study of neurodevelopmental toxicity of MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Yanfeng Wei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Linlin Ni
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning China
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28
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Fraire-Zamora JJ, Tosi S, Solon J, Casanova J. Control of hormone-driven organ disassembly by ECM remodeling and Yorkie-dependent apoptosis. Curr Biol 2021; 31:5261-5273.e4. [PMID: 34666006 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epithelia grow and shape into functional structures during organogenesis. Although most of the focus on organogenesis has been drawn to the building of biological structures, the disassembly of pre-existing structures is also an important event to reach a functional adult organ. Examples of disassembly processes include the regression of the Müllerian or Wolffian ducts during gonad development and mammary gland involution during the post-lactational period in adult females. To date, it is unclear how organ disassembly is controlled at the cellular level. Here, we follow the Drosophila larval trachea through metamorphosis and show that its disassembly is a hormone-driven and precisely orchestrated process. It occurs in two phases: first, remodeling of the apical extracellular matrix (aECM), mediated by matrix metalloproteases and independent of the actomyosin cytoskeleton, results in a progressive shortening of the entire trachea and a nuclear-to-cytoplasmic relocalization of the Hippo effector Yorkie (Yki). Second, a decreased transcription of the Yki target, Diap1, in the posterior metameres and the activation of caspases result in the apoptotic loss of the posterior half of the trachea while the anterior half escapes cell death. Thus, our work unravels a mechanism by which hormone-driven ECM remodeling controls sequential tissue shortening and apoptotic cell removal through the transcriptional activity of Yki, leading to organ disassembly during animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Fraire-Zamora
- Cell and Developmental Biology Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Basque Excellence Research Centre, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Sébastien Tosi
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jérôme Solon
- Cell and Developmental Biology Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Basque Excellence Research Centre, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jordi Casanova
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Zaitceva V, Kopeina GS, Zhivotovsky B. Anastasis: Return Journey from Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3671. [PMID: 34359573 PMCID: PMC8345212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 20 years, it has been a dogma that once the integrity of mitochondria is disrupted and proapoptotic proteins that are normally located in the intermembrane space of mitochondria appeared in the cytoplasm, the process of cell death becomes inevitable. However, it has been recently shown that upon removal of the death signal, even at the stage of disturbance in the mitochondria, cells can recover and continue to grow. This phenomenon was named anastasis. Here, we will critically discuss the present knowledge concerning the mechanisms of cell death reversal, or development of anastasis, methods for its detection, and what role signaling from different intracellular compartments plays in anastasis stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Zaitceva
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.Z.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Gelina S. Kopeina
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.Z.); (G.S.K.)
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.Z.); (G.S.K.)
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Yin J, Spillman E, Cheng ES, Short J, Chen Y, Lei J, Gibbs M, Rosenthal JS, Sheng C, Chen YX, Veerasammy K, Choetso T, Abzalimov R, Wang B, Han C, He Y, Yuan Q. Brain-specific lipoprotein receptors interact with astrocyte derived apolipoprotein and mediate neuron-glia lipid shuttling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2408. [PMID: 33893307 PMCID: PMC8065144 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid shuttling between neurons and glia contributes to the development, function, and stress responses of the nervous system. To understand how a neuron acquires its lipid supply from specific lipoproteins and their receptors, we perform combined genetic, transcriptome, and biochemical analyses in the developing Drosophila larval brain. Here we report, the astrocyte-derived secreted lipocalin Glial Lazarillo (GLaz), a homolog of human Apolipoprotein D (APOD), and its neuronal receptor, the brain-specific short isoforms of Drosophila lipophorin receptor 1 (LpR1-short), cooperatively mediate neuron-glia lipid shuttling and support dendrite morphogenesis. The isoform specificity of LpR1 defines its distribution, binding partners, and ability to support proper dendrite growth and synaptic connectivity. By demonstrating physical and functional interactions between GLaz/APOD and LpR1, we elucidate molecular pathways mediating lipid trafficking in the fly brain, and provide in vivo evidence indicating isoform-specific expression of lipoprotein receptors as a key mechanism for regulating cell-type specific lipid recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emma Spillman
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ethan S Cheng
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacob Short
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jingce Lei
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Gibbs
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justin S Rosenthal
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chengyu Sheng
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuki X Chen
- The City University of New York, Graduate Center-Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
- The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly Veerasammy
- The City University of New York, Graduate Center-Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
- The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tenzin Choetso
- The City University of New York, Graduate Center-Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
- The City College of New York, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rinat Abzalimov
- The City University of New York, Graduate Center-Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bei Wang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Chun Han
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ye He
- The City University of New York, Graduate Center-Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Quan Yuan
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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31
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Zakharov II, Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE. The Problem of Apoptotic Processes Reversibility. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1145-1158. [PMID: 33202200 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792010003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the best understood variant of regulated cell death, which has been considered irreversible for a long time. To date, an increasing amount of data has been accumulating indicating that key events of apoptosis, such as the externalization of phosphatidylserine, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, caspase activation, DNA damage, and cytoplasmic blebbing are not irreversible and can be involved in the normal cell functioning not associated with the induction of apoptosis. Anastasis - cell recovery after induction of apoptosis - can occur following elimination of proapoptotic stimuli. This can facilitate survival of damaged or tumor cells. This review describes key processes of apoptosis, which do not necessarily lead to cell death during normal cell activity as well as anastasis. Understanding mechanisms and consequences of apoptotic processes reversibility, on the one hand, could contribute to the improvement of existing therapeutic approaches for various diseases, including malignant neoplasms, and, on the other hand, could open up new possibilities for protecting cellular elements of tissues and organs from death during treatment of degenerative pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Zakharov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - M A Savitskaya
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - G E Onishchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
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Lindblad JL, Tare M, Amcheslavsky A, Shields A, Bergmann A. Non-apoptotic enteroblast-specific role of the initiator caspase Dronc for development and homeostasis of the Drosophila intestine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2645. [PMID: 33514791 PMCID: PMC7846589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiator caspase Dronc is the only CARD-domain containing caspase in Drosophila and is essential for apoptosis. Here, we report that homozygous dronc mutant adult animals are short-lived due to the presence of a poorly developed, defective and leaky intestine. Interestingly, this mutant phenotype can be significantly rescued by enteroblast-specific expression of dronc+ in dronc mutant animals, suggesting that proper Dronc function specifically in enteroblasts, one of four cell types in the intestine, is critical for normal development of the intestine. Furthermore, enteroblast-specific knockdown of dronc in adult intestines triggers hyperplasia and differentiation defects. These enteroblast-specific functions of Dronc do not require the apoptotic pathway and thus occur in a non-apoptotic manner. In summary, we demonstrate that an apoptotic initiator caspase has a very critical non-apoptotic function for normal development and for the control of the cell lineage in the adult midgut and therefore for proper physiology and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L Lindblad
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Meghana Tare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Alla Amcheslavsky
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, MassBiologics, 460 Walk Hill Road, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Shields
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Andreas Bergmann
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Chakraborty S, Mir KB, Seligson ND, Nayak D, Kumar R, Goswami A. Integration of EMT and cellular survival instincts in reprogramming of programmed cell death to anastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 39:553-566. [PMID: 32020420 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a tightly controlled, coordinated cellular event responsible for inducing programmed cell death to rid the body of defective or unfit cells. Inhibition of apoptosis is, therefore, an essential process for cancer cells to harness. Genomic variants in apoptotic-controlling genes are highly prevalent in cancer and have been identified to induce pro-proliferation and pro-survival pathways, rendering cancer cells resistant to apoptosis. Traditional understanding of apoptosis defines it as an irreversible process; however, growing evidence suggests that apoptosis is a reversible process from which cells can escape, even after the activation of its most committed stages. The mechanism invoked to reverse apoptosis has been termed anastasis and poses challenges for the development and utilization of chemotherapeutic agents. Anastasis has also been identified as a mechanism by which cells can recover from apoptotic lesions and revert back to its previous functioning state. In this review, we intend to focus the attention of the reader on the comprehensive role of survival, metastasis, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as DNA damage repair mechanisms in promoting anastasis. Additionally, we will emphasize the mechanistic consequences of anastasis on drug resistance and recent rational therapeutic approaches designed to combat this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souneek Chakraborty
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Khalid Bashir Mir
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Nathan D Seligson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, The University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Debasis Nayak
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 540 Riffe Building, 496 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
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Arthurton L, Nahotko DA, Alonso J, Wendler F, Baena‐Lopez LA. Non-apoptotic caspase activation preserves Drosophila intestinal progenitor cells in quiescence. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48892. [PMID: 33135280 PMCID: PMC7726796 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase malfunction in stem cells often precedes the appearance and progression of multiple types of cancer, including human colorectal cancer. However, the caspase-dependent regulation of intestinal stem cell properties remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Dronc, the Drosophila ortholog of caspase-9/2 in mammals, limits the number of intestinal progenitor cells and their entry into the enterocyte differentiation programme. Strikingly, these unexpected roles for Dronc are non-apoptotic and have been uncovered under experimental conditions without epithelial replenishment. Supporting the non-apoptotic nature of these functions, we show that they require the enzymatic activity of Dronc, but are largely independent of the apoptotic pathway. Alternatively, our genetic and functional data suggest that they are linked to the caspase-mediated regulation of Notch signalling. Our findings provide novel insights into the non-apoptotic, caspase-dependent modulation of stem cell properties that could improve our understanding of the origin of intestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Arthurton
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordshireUK
| | | | - Jana Alonso
- Laboratorio de Agrobiología Juan José Bravo Rodríguez (Cabildo Insular de La Palma)Unidad Técnica del IPNA‐CSICSanta Cruz de La PalmaSpain
| | - Franz Wendler
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordshireUK
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Sun G, Ding XA, Argaw Y, Guo X, Montell DJ. Akt1 and dCIZ1 promote cell survival from apoptotic caspase activation during regeneration and oncogenic overgrowth. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5726. [PMID: 33184261 PMCID: PMC7664998 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved cell suicide program. During apoptosis, executioner caspase enzyme activation has been considered a point of no return. However, emerging evidence suggests that some cells can survive caspase activation following exposure to apoptosis-inducing stresses, raising questions as to the physiological significance and underlying molecular mechanisms of this unexpected phenomenon. Here, we show that, following severe tissue injury, Drosophila wing disc cells that survive executioner caspase activation contribute to tissue regeneration. Through RNAi screening, we identify akt1 and a previously uncharacterized Drosophila gene CG8108, which is homologous to the human gene CIZ1, as essential for survival from the executioner caspase activation. We also show that cells expressing activated oncogenes experience apoptotic caspase activation, and that Akt1 and dCIZ1 are required for their survival and overgrowth. Thus, survival following executioner caspase activation is a normal tissue repair mechanism usurped to promote oncogene-driven overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Xun Austin Ding
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Yewubdar Argaw
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Xiaoran Guo
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
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ROS Regulate Caspase-Dependent Cell Delamination without Apoptosis in the Drosophila Pupal Notum. iScience 2020; 23:101413. [PMID: 32791328 PMCID: PMC7424206 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thorax fusion occurs in the midline of the Drosophila pupal notum and involves epithelial cell delamination requiring apoptotic signaling. By genetic screening, we found that NADPH oxidases (Nox and Duox) associated with superoxide anion (O˙-2) are responsible for caspase-3 activation and delamination. We observed that Nox is upregulated in cells that undergo delamination and that delamination depends on caspase activation. However, the cell morphology and the almost complete lack of propidium iodide incorporation suggested little membrane disruption and signified apoptotic modulation. These results demonstrate that most delaminating cells undergo caspase activation, but this activation is not sufficient for apoptosis. We showed that the expression of Catalase, encoding an H2O2 scavenger in the cytosol, increases delamination and induces apoptotic nuclear fragmentation in caspase-3-activated cells. These findings suggest that the roles of O˙-2 and intracellular H2O2 for delamination differs before and after caspase-3 activation, which involves live cell delamination.
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Mossoba ME, Vohra SN, Bigley E, Sprando J, Wiesenfeld PL. Genetically Engineered Human Kidney Cells for Real-Time Cytotoxicity Testing In Vitro. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:252-259. [PMID: 32146690 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Classic toxicology studies often utilize in vivo animal models. Newer approaches employing in vitro organ-specific cellular models have been developed in recent years to help accelerate the speed and reduce the cost of traditional toxicology testing. Toward the goal of supporting in vitro cellular model research with a regulatory application in mind, we have developed a 'designer' human kidney cell line called HK2-Vi that can fluorescently measure the cytotoxicity of potential toxins on proximal tubule cell viability in a direct exposure in vitro model. HK2-Vi was designed to be a reagent-less kinetic assay that can yield data on short- or long-term cell viability after toxin exposure. To generate HK2-Vi, we used monocistronic lentiviral transduction methods to genetically engineer a human kidney cell line called HK-2 to stably co-express two transgenes. The first is Perceval HR, which encodes a fluorescent biosensor of both cytosolic ATP and ADP and the second is pHRed, which encodes a biosensor of cytosolic pH. Relative levels of cellular ATP and ADP effectively serve as a reliable and robust indicator of cell viability. Because the fluorescence Perceval HR is pH-dependent, we co-expressed the pHRed genetic biosensor to correct for variations in pH if necessary. Heterogenous populations of transduced renal cells were enriched by flow cytometry before monoclonal cellular populations were isolated by cell culture methods. A single clonal population of co-transduced cells expressing both Perceval HR and pHRed was selected to be HK2-Vi. This established cell line can now serve as a tool for in vitro toxicology testing and the methods described herein serve as a model for developing designer cell lines derived from other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Mossoba
- Neurotoxicology and In Vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Laurel, MD, USA.
| | - Sanah N Vohra
- Neurotoxicology and In Vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Elmer Bigley
- Immunobiology Branch (IB), Division of Virulence Assessment (DVA), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Sprando
- Neurotoxicology and In Vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Paddy L Wiesenfeld
- Neurotoxicology and In Vitro Toxicology Branch (NIVTB), Division of Applied Regulatory Toxicology (DART), Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Laurel, MD, USA
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is essential for tissue homeostasis. De-regulation of the balance between proliferation and apoptosis contributes to tumor initiation. Particularly in the colon where apoptosis is a crucial process in intestinal turnover, inhibition of apoptosis facilitates transformation and tumor progression. The BCL-2 family of proteins are key regulators of apoptosis and have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation, progression and resistance to therapy. In this review we outline the current knowledge on the BCL-2 family-regulated intrinsic apoptosis pathway and mechanisms by which it is de-regulated in CRC. We further review BH3 mimetics as a therapeutic opportunity to target this pathway and evaluate their potential for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Ramesh
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ross JA, Barrett B, Bensimon V, Shukla G, Weyman CM. Basal Signalling Through Death Receptor 5 and Caspase 3 Activates p38 Kinase to Regulate Serum Response Factor (SRF)-Mediated MyoD Transcription. J Mol Signal 2020; 14:1. [PMID: 32405318 PMCID: PMC7207250 DOI: 10.5334/1750-2187-14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that stable expression of a dominant negative Death Receptor 5 (dnDR5) in skeletal myoblasts results in decreased basal caspase activity and decreased mRNA and protein expression of the muscle regulatory transcription factor MyoD in growth medium (GM), resulting in inhibited differentation when myoblasts are then cultured in differentiation media (DM). Further, this decreased level of MyoD mRNA was not a consequence of altered message stability, but rather correlated with decreased acetylation of histones in the distal regulatory region (DRR) of the MyoD extended promoter known to control MyoD transcription. As serum response factor (SRF) is the transcription factor known to be responsible for basal MyoD expression in GM, we compared the level of SRF binding to the non-canonical serum response element (SRE) within the DRR in parental and dnDR5 expressing myoblasts. Herein, we report that stable expression of dnDR5 resulted in decreased levels of serum response factor (SRF) binding to the CArG box in the SRE of the DRR. Total SRF expression levels were not affected, but phosphorylation indicative of SRF activation was impaired. This decreased SRF phosphorylation correlated with decreased phosphorylation-induced activation of p38 kinase. Moreover, the aforementioned signaling events affected by expression of dnDR5 could be appropriately recapitulated using either a pharmacological inhibitor of caspase 3 or p38 kinase. Thus, our results have established a signaling pathway from DR5 through caspases to p38 kinase activation, to SRF activation and the basal expression of MyoD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Ross
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, US
| | - Brianna Barrett
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, US
| | - Victoria Bensimon
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, US
| | - Girish Shukla
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, US
| | - Crystal M. Weyman
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, US
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40
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Green DR. The Coming Decade of Cell Death Research: Five Riddles. Cell 2020; 177:1094-1107. [PMID: 31100266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Active cell death, in its many forms, is a fundamental biological process. Studies over the past several decades have explored the functions and consequences of cellular demise and elucidated several of the key cell death pathways. Here, I pose five questions, or riddles, that might provide a guide to the next decade of cell death research. Focusing mainly on four types of active cell death (apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis) mainly in mammals, this Perspective explores the possible research directions that might answer these riddles, or at least prompt new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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41
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Bock FJ, Tait SWG. Mitochondria as multifaceted regulators of cell death. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:85-100. [PMID: 31636403 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1273] [Impact Index Per Article: 318.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Through their many and varied metabolic functions, mitochondria power life. Paradoxically, mitochondria also have a central role in apoptotic cell death. Upon induction of mitochondrial apoptosis, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) usually commits a cell to die. Apoptotic signalling downstream of MOMP involves cytochrome c release from mitochondria and subsequent caspase activation. As such, targeting MOMP in order to manipulate cell death holds tremendous therapeutic potential across different diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders and cancer. In this Review, we discuss new insights into how mitochondria regulate apoptotic cell death. Surprisingly, recent data demonstrate that besides eliciting caspase activation, MOMP engages various pro-inflammatory signalling functions. As we highlight, together with new findings demonstrating cell survival following MOMP, this pro-inflammatory role suggests that mitochondria-derived signalling downstream of pro-apoptotic cues may also have non-lethal functions. Finally, we discuss the importance and roles of mitochondria in other forms of regulated cell death, including necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis. Collectively, these new findings offer exciting, unexplored opportunities to target mitochondrial regulation of cell death for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Bock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Weavers H, Wood W, Martin P. Injury Activates a Dynamic Cytoprotective Network to Confer Stress Resilience and Drive Repair. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3851-3862.e4. [PMID: 31668626 PMCID: PMC6868510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In healthy individuals, injured tissues rapidly repair themselves following damage. Within a healing skin wound, recruited inflammatory cells release a multitude of bacteriocidal factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), to eliminate invading pathogens. Paradoxically, while these highly reactive ROS confer resistance to infection, they are also toxic to host tissues and may ultimately delay repair. Repairing tissues have therefore evolved powerful cytoprotective "resilience" machinery to protect against and tolerate this collateral damage. Here, we use in vivo time-lapse imaging and genetic manipulation in Drosophila to dissect the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive tissue resilience to wound-induced stress. We identify a dynamic, cross-regulatory network of stress-activated cytoprotective pathways, linking calcium, JNK, Nrf2, and Gadd45, that act to both "shield" tissues from oxidative damage and promote efficient damage repair. Ectopic activation of these pathways confers stress protection to naive tissue, while their inhibition leads to marked delays in wound closure. Strikingly, the induction of cytoprotection is tightly linked to the pathways that initiate the inflammatory response, suggesting evolution of a fail-safe mechanism for tissue protection each time inflammation is triggered. A better understanding of these resilience mechanisms-their identities and precise spatiotemporal regulation-is of major clinical importance for development of therapeutic interventions for all pathologies linked to oxidative stress, including debilitating chronic non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Weavers
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Will Wood
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paul Martin
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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Seervi M, Sumi S, Chandrasekharan A, Sharma AK, SanthoshKumar TR. Molecular profiling of anastatic cancer cells: potential role of the nuclear export pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:645-661. [PMID: 31147963 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anastasis is newly discovered process by which cells recover from late-stage apoptosis upon removal of a death stimulus. Recent reports suggest that cells may recover, even after the initiation of mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and caspase activation. Here, we specifically studied the reversibility of late-stage apoptosis in cervical (HeLa) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells in relation to the extent of MOMP (limited or widespread). In addition, we explored the molecular factors involved in the anastatic process. METHODS The extent of MOMP was assessed using time lapse confocal microscopic imaging, considering mitochondrial cytochrome c-GFP release as a marker for MOMP. Anastatic cells were generated by specifically recovering late-stage apoptotic (annexin V/PI positive) cervical and breast cancer cells. Molecular signaling events involved in death reversal were assessed using LC-MS/MS and qRT-PCR. Targeted chemical inhibition and shRNA-based gene silencing studies were employed to explore the role of the nuclear export pathway in anastasis and increased oncogenicity. RESULTS Time-lapse imaging of drug-treated Cyt-c-GFP expressing cancer cells revealed cell recovery despite widespread MOMP. A few recovered anastatic cells were noted and these were found to proliferate through a selection-type of survival. They showed increased drug-resistance, migration and invasive potential compared to non-anastatic cancer cells. Network analysis using 49 proteins uniquely expressed in anastatic cells indicated upregulation of nuclear export/import, redox and Ras signaling pathways in both HeLa and MDA-MB-231 anastatic cells, indicating common molecular mechanisms in different cell types. Inhibition of XPO1 significantly reduced the recovery of apoptotic cells and abrogated acquired oncogenic transformation in the anastatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that cancer cells can revert from apoptosis even after the induction of widespread MOMP. We noted a significant role of the nuclear-export pathway in the anastatic process of cancer cells. Inhibition of anastasis through the nuclear export pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting drug-resistance, metastasis and recurrence problems during cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Seervi
- DBT-PU-IPLS, Department of Botany/Biotechnology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India.
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Anand, Gujarat, India.
| | - S Sumi
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Aneesh Chandrasekharan
- Cancer Research Division 1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Abhay K Sharma
- DBT-PU-IPLS, Department of Botany/Biotechnology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - T R SanthoshKumar
- Cancer Research Division 1, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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44
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Reiff T, Antonello ZA, Ballesta-Illán E, Mira L, Sala S, Navarro M, Martinez LM, Dominguez M. Notch and EGFR regulate apoptosis in progenitor cells to ensure gut homeostasis in Drosophila. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101346. [PMID: 31566767 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative activity of adult stem cells carries a risk of cancer, particularly in highly renewable tissues. Members of the family of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) inhibit caspases and cell death, and are often deregulated in adult cancers; however, their roles in normal adult tissue homeostasis are unclear. Here, we show that regulation of the number of enterocyte-committed progenitor (enteroblast) cells in the adult Drosophila involves a caspase-mediated physiological apoptosis, which adaptively eliminates excess enteroblast cells produced by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and, when blocked, can also lead to tumorigenesis. Importantly, we found that Diap1 is expressed by enteroblast cells and that loss and gain of Diap1 led to changes in enteroblast numbers. We also found that antagonistic interplay between Notch and EGFR signalling governs enteroblast life/death decisions via the Klumpfuss/WT1 and Lozenge/RUNX transcription regulators, which also regulate enteroblast differentiation and cell fate plasticity. These data provide new insights into how caspases drive adult tissue renewal and protect against the formation of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Reiff
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Zeus A Antonello
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Esther Ballesta-Illán
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Mira
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Sala
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Navarro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Luis M Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Dominguez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), Alicante, Spain
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Dronc-independent basal executioner caspase activity sustains Drosophila imaginal tissue growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20539-20544. [PMID: 31548372 PMCID: PMC6789915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904647116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase is the enzyme involved in cell death, and its activation via the apoptosome is thought to represent irreversible cellular destruction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests increasingly diverse functions of caspase beyond apoptosis. Here, using Drosophila wing as a model, we reveal that the specific executioner caspases, Dcp-1 and Decay, promote, rather than suppress by inducing apoptosis, tissue growth. These executioner caspases act independently of initiator caspase Dronc and apoptosis. We further show that the caspase-mediated cleavage of Acinus is important for sustaining tissue growth. Our research highlights the importance of executioner caspase-mediated basal proteolytic cleavage of substrates during tissue growth, and the findings hint at the original function of caspase—not apoptosis, but basal proteolytic cleavages for cell vigor. Caspase is best known as an enzyme involved in programmed cell death, which is conserved among multicellular organisms. In addition to its role in cell death, caspase is emerging as an indispensable enzyme in a wide range of cellular functions, which have recently been termed caspase-dependent nonlethal cellular processes (CDPs). In this study, we examined the involvement of cell death signaling in tissue-size determination using Drosophila wing as a model. We found that the Drosophila executioner caspases Dcp-1 and Decay, but not Drice, promoted wing growth independently of apoptosis. Most of the reports on CDPs argue the importance of the spatiotemporal regulation of the initiator caspase, Dronc; however, this sublethal caspase function was independent of Dronc, suggesting a more diverse array of CDP regulatory mechanisms. Tagging of TurboID, an improved promiscuous biotin ligase that biotinylates neighboring proteins, to the C terminus of caspases revealed the differences among the neighbors of executioner caspases. Furthermore, we found that the cleavage of Acinus, a substrate of the executioner caspase, was important in promoting wing growth. These results demonstrate the importance of executioner caspase-mediated basal proteolytic cleavage of substrates in sustaining tissue growth. Given the existence of caspase-like DEVDase activity in a unicellular alga, our results likely highlight the original function of caspase—not cell death, but basal proteolytic cleavages for cell vigor.
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Abstract
The classical view of cell death has long assumed that, once initiated, the dying process is irreversible. However, recent studies reveal that recovery of dying cells can actually occur, even after initiation of a cell suicide process called apoptosis. This discovery raised fundamental key questions about which forms of the cell death process could be reversible and how reversal is mediated. Here, we uncover an unanticipated reversibility of ferroptotic cell death process. Unlike apoptosis reversal, removal of ferroptosis inducers, such as erastin and glutamate, is insufficient to allow ferroptotic dying cells to escape the cell death process. However, by removing the cell death inducer and providing the reduced form of glutathione or the radical-trapping antioxidant ferrostatin-1, ferroptotic dying cells can be rescued and promoted to recover. Interestingly, although ferroptotic inhibitors such as aminooxyacetic acid, deferoxamine, dopamine and vitamin C can prevent initiation of ferroptosis, added alone they are unable to reverse the initiated ferroptosis, suggesting regulatory distinctions between preventing and reversing ferroptosis. Together, these results reveal the first evidence that ferroptosis is reversible and suggest strategies to enhance its reversibility, thereby providing a useful model for studying the physiological, pathological and therapeutic potentials of this cell recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Man Tang
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA .,School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Lam Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Suresh K, Carino K, Johnston L, Servinsky L, Machamer CE, Kolb TM, Lam H, Dudek SM, An SS, Rane MJ, Shimoda LA, Damarla M. A nonapoptotic endothelial barrier-protective role for caspase-3. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L1118-L1126. [PMID: 30908935 PMCID: PMC6620669 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00487.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncanonical roles for caspase-3 are emerging in the fields of cancer and developmental biology. However, little is known of nonapoptotic functions of caspase-3 in most cell types. We have recently demonstrated a disassociation between caspase-3 activation and execution of apoptosis with accompanying cytoplasmic caspase-3 sequestration and preserved endothelial barrier function. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that nonapoptotic caspase-3 activation promotes endothelial barrier integrity. Human lung microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to thrombin, a nonapoptotic stimulus, and endothelial barrier function was assessed using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing. Actin cytoskeletal rearrangement and paracellular gap formation were assessed using phalloidin staining. Cell stiffness was evaluated using magnetic twisting cytometry. In addition, cell lysates were harvested for protein analyses. Caspase-3 was inhibited pharmacologically with pan-caspase and a caspase-3-specific inhibitor. Molecular inhibition of caspase-3 was achieved using RNA interference. Cells exposed to thrombin exhibited a cytoplasmic activation of caspase-3 with transient and nonapoptotic decrease in endothelial barrier function as measured by a drop in electrical resistance followed by a rapid recovery. Inhibition of caspases led to a more pronounced and rapid drop in thrombin-induced endothelial barrier function, accompanied by increased endothelial cell stiffness and paracellular gaps. Caspase-3-specific inhibition and caspase-3 knockdown both resulted in more pronounced thrombin-induced endothelial barrier disruption. Taken together, our results suggest cytoplasmic caspase-3 has nonapoptotic functions in human endothelium and can promote endothelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Suresh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathleen Carino
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura Servinsky
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carolyn E Machamer
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Todd M Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hong Lam
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven S An
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Madhavi J Rane
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mahendra Damarla
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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48
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Caspase-8-dependent control of NK- and T cell responses during cytomegalovirus infection. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:555-571. [PMID: 31098689 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-8 (CASP8) impacts antiviral immunity in expected as well as unexpected ways. Mice with combined deficiency in CASP8 and RIPK3 cannot support extrinsic apoptosis or RIPK3-dependent programmed necrosis, enabling studies of CASP8 function without complications of unleashed necroptosis. These extrinsic cell death pathways are naturally targeted by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-encoded cell death suppressors, showing they are key to cell-autonomous host defense. Remarkably, Casp8-/-Ripk3-/-, Ripk1-/-Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- and Casp8-/-Ripk3K51A/K51A mice mount robust antiviral T cell responses to control MCMV infection. Studies in Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice show that CASP8 restrains expansion of MCMV-specific natural killer (NK) and CD8 T cells without compromising contraction or immune memory. Infected Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- or Casp8-/-Ripk3K51A/K51A mice have higher levels of virus-specific NK cells and CD8 T cells compared to matched RIPK3-deficient littermates or WT mice. CASP8, likely acting downstream of Fas death receptor, dampens proliferation of CD8 T cells during expansion. Importantly, contraction proceeds unimpaired in the absence of extrinsic death pathways owing to intact Bim-dependent (intrinsic) apoptosis. CD8 T cell memory develops in Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice, but memory inflation characteristic of MCMV infection is not sustained in the absence of CASP8 function. Despite this, Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice are immune to secondary challenge. Interferon (IFN)γ is recognized as a key cytokine for adaptive immune control of MCMV. Ifngr-/-Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice exhibit increased lifelong persistence in salivary glands as well as lungs compared to Ifngr-/- and Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice. Thus, mice deficient in CASP8 and RIPK3 are more dependent on IFNγ mechanisms for sustained T cell immune control of MCMV. Overall, appropriate NK- and T cell immunity to MCMV is dependent on host CASP8 function independent of RIPK3-regulated pathways.
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Fernández-Fernández ÁD, Van der Hoorn RAL, Gevaert K, Van Breusegem F, Stael S. Caught green-handed: methods for in vivo detection and visualization of protease activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2125-2141. [PMID: 30805604 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are enzymes that cleave peptide bonds of other proteins. Their omnipresence and diverse activities make them important players in protein homeostasis and turnover of the total cell proteome as well as in signal transduction in plant stress responses and development. To understand protease function, it is of paramount importance to assess when and where a specific protease is active. Here, we review the existing methods to detect in vivo protease activity by means of imaging chemical activity-based probes and genetically encoded sensors. We focus on the diverse fluorescent and luminescent sensors at the researcher's disposal and evaluate the potential of imaging techniques to deliver in vivo spatiotemporal detail of protease activity. We predict that in the coming years, revised techniques will help to elucidate plant protease activity and functions and hence expand the current status of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Daniel Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
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50
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Xing J, Tian XJ. Investigating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition with integrated computational and experimental approaches. Phys Biol 2019; 16:031001. [PMID: 30665206 PMCID: PMC6609444 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The transition between epithelial and mesenchymal (EMT) is a fundamental cellular process that plays critical roles in development, cancer metastasis, and tissue wound healing. EMT is not a binary process but involves multiple partial EMT states that give rise to a high degree of cell state plasticity. Here, we first reviewed several studies on theoretical predictions and experimental verification of these intermediate states, the role of partial EMT on kidney fibrosis development, and how quantitative signaling information controls cell commitment to partial or full EMT upon transient signals. Next, we summarized existing knowledge and open questions on the coupling between EMT and other biological processes, such as the cell cycle, epigenetic regulation, stemness, and apoptosis. Taken together, EMT is a model system that has attracted increasing interests for quantitative experimental and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xing
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States of America. UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America. To whom correspondence should be addressed
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