1
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Zhao XY, Xu DE, Wu ML, Liu JC, Shi ZL, Ma QH. Regulation and function of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:6-20. [PMID: 38767472 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum, a key cellular organelle, regulates a wide variety of cellular activities. Endoplasmic reticulum autophagy, one of the quality control systems of the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a pivotal role in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by controlling endoplasmic reticulum turnover, remodeling, and proteostasis. In this review, we briefly describe the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system, and subsequently focus on the role of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy, emphasizing the spatial and temporal mechanisms underlying the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy according to cellular requirements. We also summarize the evidence relating to how defective or abnormal endoplasmic reticulum autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In summary, this review highlights the mechanisms associated with the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy and how they influence the pathophysiology of degenerative nerve disorders. This review would help researchers to understand the roles and regulatory mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum-phagy in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yun Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-En Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Lei Wu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ji-Chuan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Ling Shi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Deolal P, Scholz J, Ren K, Bragulat-Teixidor H, Otsuka S. Sculpting nuclear envelope identity from the endoplasmic reticulum during the cell cycle. Nucleus 2024; 15:2299632. [PMID: 38238284 PMCID: PMC10802211 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2299632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) regulates nuclear functions, including transcription, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and protein quality control. While the outer membrane of the NE is directly continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the NE has an overall distinct protein composition from the ER, which is crucial for its functions. During open mitosis in higher eukaryotes, the NE disassembles during mitotic entry and then reforms as a functional territory at the end of mitosis to reestablish nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization. In this review, we examine the known mechanisms by which the functional NE reconstitutes from the mitotic ER in the continuous ER-NE endomembrane system during open mitosis. Furthermore, based on recent findings indicating that the NE possesses unique lipid metabolism and quality control mechanisms distinct from those of the ER, we explore the maintenance of NE identity and homeostasis during interphase. We also highlight the potential significance of membrane junctions between the ER and NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Deolal
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Scholz
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaike Ren
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helena Bragulat-Teixidor
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shotaro Otsuka
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Wang J, Fan P, Shen P, Fan C, Zhao P, Yao Shen, Dong K, Ling R, Chen S, Zhang J. XBP1s activates METTL3/METTL14 for ER-phagy and paclitaxel sensitivity regulation in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 596:216846. [PMID: 38582397 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells employ the unfolded protein response (UPR) or induce autophagy, especially selective removal of certain ER domains via reticulophagy (termed ER-phagy), to mitigate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress for ER homeostasis when encountering microenvironmental stress. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant epitranscriptional modifications and plays important roles in various biological processes. However, the molecular mechanism of m6A modification in the ER stress response is poorly understood. In this study, we first found that ER stress could dramatically elevate m6A methylation levels through XBP1s-dependent transcriptional upregulation of METTL3/METTL14 in breast cancer (BC) cells. Further MeRIP sequencing and relevant validation results confirmed that ER stress caused m6A methylation enrichment on target genes for ER-phagy. Mechanistically, METTL3/METTL14 increased ER-phagy machinery formation by promoting m6A modification of the ER-phagy regulators CALCOCO1 and p62, thus enhancing their mRNA stability. Of note, we further confirmed that the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel (PTX) could induce ER stress and increase m6A methylation for ER-phagy. Furthermore, the combination of METTL3/METTL14 inhibitors with PTX demonstrated a significant synergistic therapeutic effect in both BC cells and xenograft mice. Thus, our data built a novel bridge on the crosstalk between ER stress, m6A methylation and ER-phagy. Most importantly, our work provides novel evidence of METTL3 and METTL14 as potential therapeutic targets for PTX sensitization in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pengyu Fan
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Cong Fan
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kewei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Rui Ling
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Suning Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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4
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Mesa D, Barbieri E, Raimondi A, Freddi S, Miloro G, Jendrisek G, Caldieri G, Quarto M, Schiano Lomoriello I, Malabarba MG, Bresci A, Manetti F, Vernuccio F, Abdo H, Scita G, Lanzetti L, Polli D, Tacchetti C, Pinton P, Bonora M, Di Fiore PP, Sigismund S. A tripartite organelle platform links growth factor receptor signaling to mitochondrial metabolism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5119. [PMID: 38879572 PMCID: PMC11180189 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
One open question in the biology of growth factor receptors is how a quantitative input (i.e., ligand concentration) is decoded by the cell to produce specific response(s). Here, we show that an EGFR endocytic mechanism, non-clathrin endocytosis (NCE), which is activated only at high ligand concentrations and targets receptor to degradation, requires a tripartite organelle platform involving the plasma membrane (PM), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. At these contact sites, EGFR-dependent, ER-generated Ca2+ oscillations are sensed by mitochondria, leading to increased metabolism and ATP production. Locally released ATP is required for cortical actin remodeling and EGFR-NCE vesicle fission. The same biochemical circuitry is also needed for an effector function of EGFR, i.e., collective motility. The multiorganelle signaling platform herein described mediates direct communication between EGFR signaling and mitochondrial metabolism, and is predicted to have a broad impact on cell physiology as it is activated by another growth factor receptor, HGFR/MET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Mesa
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Freddi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gorana Jendrisek
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Micaela Quarto
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Schiano Lomoriello
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Bresci
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Hind Abdo
- IFOM, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IFOM, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology (CNR-IFN), Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Sigismund
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Liu D, Yuan H, Chen S, Ferro-Novick S, Novick P. Different ER-plasma membrane tethers play opposing roles in autophagy of the cortical ER. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321991121. [PMID: 38838012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321991121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) undergoes degradation by selective macroautophagy (ER-phagy) in response to starvation or the accumulation of misfolded proteins within its lumen. In yeast, actin assembly at sites of contact between the cortical ER (cER) and endocytic pits acts to displace elements of the ER from their association with the plasma membrane (PM) so they can interact with the autophagosome assembly machinery near the vacuole. A collection of proteins tether the cER to the PM. Of these, Scs2/22 and Ist2 are required for cER-phagy, most likely through their roles in lipid transport, while deletion of the tricalbins, TCB1/2/3, bypasses those requirements. An artificial ER-PM tether blocks cER-phagy in both the wild type (WT) and a strain lacking endogenous tethers, supporting the importance of cER displacement from the PM. Scs2 and Ist2 can be cross-linked to the selective cER-phagy receptor, Atg40. The COPII cargo adaptor subunit, Lst1, associates with Atg40 and is required for cER-phagy. This requirement is also bypassed by deletion of the ER-PM tethers, suggesting a role for Lst1 prior to the displacement of the cER from the PM during cER-phagy. Although pexophagy and mitophagy also require actin assembly, deletion of ER-PM tethers does not bypass those requirements. We propose that within the context of rapamycin-induced cER-phagy, Scs2/22, Ist2, and Lst1 promote the local displacement of an element of the cER from the cortex, while Tcb1/2/3 act in opposition, anchoring the cER to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0668
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0668
| | - Shuliang Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0668
| | - Susan Ferro-Novick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0668
| | - Peter Novick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0668
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6
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Yasasilka XR, Lee M. Role of β-cell autophagy in β-cell physiology and the development of diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:656-668. [PMID: 38470018 PMCID: PMC11143416 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the molecular mechanism of autophagy was a landmark in understanding not only the physiology of cells and tissues, but also the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, including diabetes and metabolic disorders. Autophagy of pancreatic β-cells plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of the mass, structure and function of β-cells, whose dysregulation can lead to abnormal metabolic profiles or diabetes. Modulators of autophagy are being developed to improve metabolic profile and β-cell function through the removal of harmful materials and rejuvenation of organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Among the known antidiabetic drugs, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists enhance the autophagic activity of β-cells, which might contribute to the profound effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on systemic metabolism. In this review, the results from studies on the role of autophagy in β-cells and their implication in the development of diabetes are discussed. In addition to non-selective (macro)autophagy, the role and mechanisms of selective autophagy and other minor forms of autophagy that might occur in β-cells are discussed. As β-cell failure is the ultimate cause of diabetes and unresponsiveness to conventional therapy, modulation of β-cell autophagy might represent a future antidiabetic treatment approach, particularly in patients who are not well managed with current antidiabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaviera Riani Yasasilka
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi‐bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineCheonanKorea
| | - Myung‐Shik Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi‐bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineCheonanKorea
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7
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Kumar K, Chidambaram R, Parashar S, Ferro-Novick S. RTN3L and CALCOCO1 function in parallel to maintain proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Autophagy 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38818751 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2353502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Reticulophagy is mediated by autophagy receptors that function in one of the two domains of the ER, tubules or flat sheets. Three different conserved mammalian receptors mediate autophagy in ER tubules: RTN3L, ATL3 and CALCOCO1. Previous studies have shown that RTN3L maintains proteostasis by targeting mutant aggregation-prone proteins for autophagy at distinct foci in ER tubules that we named ERPHS (ER-reticulophagy sites). The role for ATL3 and CALCOCO1 in proteostasis has not been addressed. Here we analyzed three different misfolded disease-causing RTN3L substrates and show that ATL3 and CALCOCO1 target the same cargoes for autophagy. Colocalization and knock down studies revealed that RTN3L and ATL3 are both required for the formation of RTN3L-containing ERPHS, while CALCOCO1 is not. We propose that RTN3L, ATL3 and CALCOCO1 work in parallel to maintain proteostasis within the ER network by targeting cargoes at different sites in the tubules.Abbreviation ATL3: atlastin GTPase 3; Baf: bafilomycin A1; CALCOCO1: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 1; Epr1: ER-phagy receptor 1; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERAD: ER-associated protein degradation; ERPHS: ER-reticulophagy sites; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; PGRMC1: progesterone receptor membrane component 1; POMC: proopiomelanocortin; Pro-AVP: pro-arginine vasopressin; RETREG1: reticulophagy regulator 1; reticulophagy: endoplasmic reticulum selective autophagy; RTN3L: reticulon 3 long isoform; VAPA: VAMP associated protein A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ravi Chidambaram
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Smriti Parashar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan Ferro-Novick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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8
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Kitta S, Kaminishi T, Higashi M, Shima T, Nishino K, Nakamura N, Kosako H, Yoshimori T, Kuma A. YIPF3 and YIPF4 regulate autophagic turnover of the Golgi apparatus. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00131-3. [PMID: 38822137 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The degradation of organelles by autophagy is essential for cellular homeostasis. The Golgi apparatus has recently been demonstrated to be degraded by autophagy, but little is known about how the Golgi is recognized by the forming autophagosome. Using quantitative proteomic analysis and two novel Golgiphagy reporter systems, we found that the five-pass transmembrane Golgi-resident proteins YIPF3 and YIPF4 constitute a Golgiphagy receptor. The interaction of this complex with LC3B, GABARAP, and GABARAPL1 is dependent on a LIR motif within YIPF3 and putative phosphorylation sites immediately upstream; the stability of the complex is governed by YIPF4. Expression of a YIPF3 protein containing a mutated LIR motif caused an elongated Golgi morphology, indicating the importance of Golgi turnover via selective autophagy. The reporter assays reported here may be readily adapted to different experimental contexts to help deepen our understanding of Golgiphagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinri Kitta
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kaminishi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Momoko Higashi
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shima
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishino
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kuma
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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9
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Mou W, Tang Y, Huang Y, Wu Z, Cui Y. Upregulation of neuronal ER-phagy improves organismal fitness and alleviates APP toxicity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114255. [PMID: 38761376 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
ER-phagy, a selective autophagy targeting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for lysosomal degradation through cargo receptors, plays a critical role in ER quality control and is linked to various diseases. However, its physiological and pathological roles remain largely unclear due to a lack of animal model studies. This study establishes Drosophila as an in vivo ER-phagy model. Starvation triggers ER-phagy across multiple fly tissues. Disturbing ER-phagy by either globally upregulating or downregulating ER-phagy receptors, Atl or Rtnl1, harms the fly. Notably, moderate upregulation of ER-phagy in fly brains by overexpressing Atl or Rtnl1 significantly attenuates age-associated neurodegenerations. Furthermore, in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease expressing human amyloid precursor protein (APP), impaired ER-phagy is observed. Enhancing ER-phagy in the APP-expressing fly brain facilitates APP degradation, significantly alleviating disease symptoms. Therefore, our findings suggest that modulating ER-phagy may offer a therapeutic strategy to treat aging and diseases associated with ER protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yinglu Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA.
| | - Yixian Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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10
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Zhang M, Wang Z, Zhao Q, Yang Q, Bai J, Yang C, Zhang ZR, Liu Y. USP20 deubiquitinates and stabilizes the reticulophagy receptor RETREG1/FAM134B to drive reticulophagy. Autophagy 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38705724 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2347103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as a hub for various cellular processes, and maintaining ER homeostasis is essential for cell function. Reticulophagy is a selective process that removes impaired ER subdomains through autophagy-mediatedlysosomal degradation. While the involvement of ubiquitination in autophagy regulation is well-established, its role in reticulophagy remains unclear. In this study, we screened deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) involved in reticulophagy and identified USP20 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 20) as a key regulator of reticulophagy under starvation conditions. USP20 specifically cleaves K48- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains on the reticulophagy receptor RETREG1/FAM134B (reticulophagy regulator 1), thereby stabilizing the substrate and promoting reticulophagy. Remarkably, despite lacking a transmembrane domain, USP20 is recruited to the ER through its interaction with VAPs (VAMP associated proteins). VAPs facilitate the recruitment of early autophagy proteins, including WIPI2 (WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2), to specific ER subdomains, where USP20 and RETREG1 are enriched. The recruitment of WIPI2 and other proteins in this process plays a crucial role in facilitating RETREG1-mediated reticulophagy in response to nutrient deprivation. These findings highlight the critical role of USP20 in maintaining ER homeostasis by deubiquitinating and stabilizing RETREG1 at distinct ER subdomains, where USP20 further recruits VAPs and promotes efficient reticulophagy.Abbreviations: ACTB actin beta; ADRB2 adrenoceptor beta 2; AMFR/gp78 autocrine motility factor receptor; ATG autophagy related; ATL3 atlastin GTPase 3; BafA1 bafilomycin A1; BECN1 beclin 1; CALCOCO1 calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 1; CCPG1 cell cycle progression 1; DAPI 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DTT dithiothreitol; DUB deubiquitinating enzyme; EBSS Earle's Balanced Salt Solution; FFAT two phenylalanines (FF) in an acidic tract; GABARAP GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GFP green fluorescent protein; HMGCR 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; IL1B interleukin 1 beta; LIR LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3 microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; PIK3C3/Vps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; RB1CC1/FIP200 RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RETREG1/FAM134B reticulophagy regulator 1; RFP red fluorescent protein; RHD reticulon homology domain; RIPK1 receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1; RTN3L reticulon 3 long isoform; SEC61B SEC61 translocon subunit beta; SEC62 SEC62 homolog, preprotein translocation factor; SIM super-resolution structured illumination microscopy; SNAI2 snail family transcriptional repressor 2; SQSTM1/p62 sequestosome 1; STING1/MITA stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; STX17 syntaxin 17; TEX264 testis expressed 264, ER-phagy receptor; TNF tumor necrosis factor; UB ubiquitin; ULK1 unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; USP20 ubiquitin specific peptidase 20; USP33 ubiquitin specific peptidase 33; VAMP8 vesicle associated membrane protein 8; VAPs VAMP associated proteins; VMP1 vacuole membrane protein 1; WIPI2 WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; ZFYVE1/DFCP1 zinc finger FYVE-type containing 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangshun Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieyun Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiwei Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zai-Rong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Duan Y, Yao RQ, Ling H, Zheng LY, Fan Q, Li Q, Wang L, Zhou QY, Wu LM, Dai XG, Yao YM. Organellophagy regulates cell death:A potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00203-0. [PMID: 38740259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated alterations in organelle structure and function have a significant connection with cell death, as well as the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases. Maintaining cell viability and inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines are essential measures to treat inflammatory diseases. Recently, many studies have showed that autophagy selectively targets dysfunctional organelles, thereby sustaining the functional stability of organelles, alleviating the release of multiple cytokines, and maintaining organismal homeostasis. Organellophagy dysfunction is critically engaged in different kinds of cell death and inflammatory diseases. AIM OF REVIEW We summarized the current knowledge of organellophagy (e.g., mitophagy, reticulophagy, golgiphagy, lysophagy, pexophagy, nucleophagy, and ribophagy) and the underlying mechanisms by which organellophagy regulates cell death. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW We outlined the potential role of organellophagy in the modulation of cell fate during the inflammatory response to develop an intervention strategy for the organelle quality control in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Duan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou), Southern Medical University, Chenzhou 423000, China; Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ren-Qi Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Hua Ling
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou), Southern Medical University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Li-Yu Zheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou), Southern Medical University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Emergency, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Le-Min Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou), Southern Medical University, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Xin-Gui Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital (the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou), Southern Medical University, Chenzhou 423000, China.
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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12
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Nam KH, Ordureau A. How does the neuronal proteostasis network react to cellular cues? Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:581-592. [PMID: 38488108 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Even though neurons are post-mitotic cells, they still engage in protein synthesis to uphold their cellular content balance, including for organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. Additionally, they expend significant energy on tasks like neurotransmitter production and maintaining redox homeostasis. This cellular homeostasis is upheld through a delicate interplay between mRNA transcription-translation and protein degradative pathways, such as autophagy and proteasome degradation. When faced with cues such as nutrient stress, neurons must adapt by altering their proteome to survive. However, in many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, the pathway and processes for coping with cellular stress are impaired. This review explores neuronal proteome adaptation in response to cellular stress, such as nutrient stress, with a focus on proteins associated with autophagy, stress response pathways, and neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hong Nam
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, U.S.A
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, U.S.A
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13
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Zhou X, Lee YK, Li X, Kim H, Sanchez-Priego C, Han X, Tan H, Zhou S, Fu Y, Purtell K, Wang Q, Holstein GR, Tang B, Peng J, Yang N, Yue Z. Integrated proteomics reveals autophagy landscape and an autophagy receptor controlling PKA-RI complex homeostasis in neurons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3113. [PMID: 38600097 PMCID: PMC11006854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved, catabolic process essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Malfunctional autophagy contributes to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the exact role and targets of autophagy in human neurons remain elusive. Here we report a systematic investigation of neuronal autophagy targets through integrated proteomics. Deep proteomic profiling of multiple autophagy-deficient lines of human induced neurons, mouse brains, and brain LC3-interactome reveals roles of neuronal autophagy in targeting proteins of multiple cellular organelles/pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, endosome, Golgi apparatus, synaptic vesicle (SV) for degradation. By combining phosphoproteomics and functional analysis in human and mouse neurons, we uncovered a function of neuronal autophagy in controlling cAMP-PKA and c-FOS-mediated neuronal activity through selective degradation of the protein kinase A - cAMP-binding regulatory (R)-subunit I (PKA-RI) complex. Lack of AKAP11 causes accumulation of the PKA-RI complex in the soma and neurites, demonstrating a constant clearance of PKA-RI complex through AKAP11-mediated degradation in neurons. Our study thus reveals the landscape of autophagy degradation in human neurons and identifies a physiological function of autophagy in controlling homeostasis of PKA-RI complex and specific PKA activity in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - You-Kyung Lee
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xianting Li
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Henry Kim
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Priego
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Alper Center for Neural Development and Regeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xian Han
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Haiyan Tan
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Suiping Zhou
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yingxue Fu
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Kerry Purtell
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gay R Holstein
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| | - Nan Yang
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Alper Center for Neural Development and Regeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Center of Parkinson's Disease Neurobiology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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14
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Huang HZ, Ai WQ, Wei N, Zhu LS, Liu ZQ, Zhou CW, Deng MF, Zhang WT, Zhang JC, Yang CQ, Hu YZ, Han ZT, Zhang HH, Jia JJ, Wang J, Liu FF, Li K, Xu Q, Yuan M, Man H, Guo Z, Lu Y, Shu K, Zhu LQ, Liu D. Senktide blocks aberrant RTN3 interactome to retard memory decline and tau pathology in social isolated Alzheimer's disease mice. Protein Cell 2024; 15:261-284. [PMID: 38011644 PMCID: PMC10984625 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic or late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) accounts for more than 95% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases without any family history. Although genome-wide association studies have identified associated risk genes and loci for LOAD, numerous studies suggest that many adverse environmental factors, such as social isolation, are associated with an increased risk of dementia. However, the underlying mechanisms of social isolation in AD progression remain elusive. In the current study, we found that 7 days of social isolation could trigger pattern separation impairments and presynaptic abnormalities of the mossy fibre-CA3 circuit in AD mice. We also revealed that social isolation disrupted histone acetylation and resulted in the downregulation of 2 dentate gyrus (DG)-enriched miRNAs, which simultaneously target reticulon 3 (RTN3), an endoplasmic reticulum protein that aggregates in presynaptic regions to disturb the formation of functional mossy fibre boutons (MFBs) by recruiting multiple mitochondrial and vesicle-related proteins. Interestingly, the aggregation of RTN3 also recruits the PP2A B subunits to suppress PP2A activity and induce tau hyperphosphorylation, which, in turn, further elevates RTN3 and forms a vicious cycle. Finally, using an artificial intelligence-assisted molecular docking approach, we determined that senktide, a selective agonist of neurokinin3 receptors (NK3R), could reduce the binding of RTN3 with its partners. Moreover, application of senktide in vivo effectively restored DG circuit disorders in socially isolated AD mice. Taken together, our findings not only demonstrate the epigenetic regulatory mechanism underlying mossy fibre synaptic disorders orchestrated by social isolation and tau pathology but also reveal a novel potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Zhou Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wen-Qing Ai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ling-Shuang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chao-Wen Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Man-Fei Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jia-Chen Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chun-Qing Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ya-Zhuo Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hong-Hong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jian-Jun Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hengye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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15
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Crapart CC, Scott ZC, Konno T, Sharma A, Parutto P, Bailey DMD, Westrate LM, Avezov E, Koslover EF. Luminal transport through intact endoplasmic reticulum limits the magnitude of localized Ca 2+ signals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312172121. [PMID: 38502705 PMCID: PMC10990089 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312172121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms an interconnected network of tubules stretching throughout the cell. Understanding how ER functionality relies on its structural organization is crucial for elucidating cellular vulnerability to ER perturbations, which have been implicated in several neuronal pathologies. One of the key functions of the ER is enabling Ca[Formula: see text] signaling by storing large quantities of this ion and releasing it into the cytoplasm in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. Through a combination of physical modeling and live-cell imaging, we demonstrate that alterations in ER shape significantly impact its ability to support efficient local Ca[Formula: see text] releases, due to hindered transport of luminal content within the ER. Our model reveals that rapid Ca[Formula: see text] release necessitates mobile luminal buffer proteins with moderate binding strength, moving through a well-connected network of ER tubules. These findings provide insight into the functional advantages of normal ER architecture, emphasizing its importance as a kinetically efficient intracellular Ca[Formula: see text] delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile C. Crapart
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tasuku Konno
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92130
| | - Pierre Parutto
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - David M. D. Bailey
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M. Westrate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI49546
| | - Edward Avezov
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Elena F. Koslover
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92130
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16
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Gong X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Zhou X, Liu H, Huang Y, Zhang J, Pan L. Mechanistic insights into the interactions of TAX1BP1 with RB1CC1 and mammalian ATG8 family proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315550121. [PMID: 38437556 PMCID: PMC10945755 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315550121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
TAX1BP1, a multifunctional autophagy adaptor, plays critical roles in different autophagy processes. As an autophagy receptor, TAX1BP1 can interact with RB1CC1, NAP1, and mammalian ATG8 family proteins to drive selective autophagy for relevant substrates. However, the mechanistic bases underpinning the specific interactions of TAX1BP1 with RB1CC1 and mammalian ATG8 family proteins remain elusive. Here, we find that there are two distinct binding sites between TAX1BP1 and RB1CC1. In addition to the previously reported TAX1BP1 SKICH (skeletal muscle and kidney enriched inositol phosphatase (SKIP) carboxyl homology)/RB1CC1 coiled-coil interaction, the first coiled-coil domain of TAX1BP1 can directly bind to the extreme C-terminal coiled-coil and Claw region of RB1CC1. We determine the crystal structure of the TAX1BP1 SKICH/RB1CC1 coiled-coil complex and unravel the detailed binding mechanism of TAX1BP1 SKICH with RB1CC1. Moreover, we demonstrate that RB1CC1 and NAP1 are competitive in binding to the TAX1BP1 SKICH domain, but the presence of NAP1's FIP200-interacting region (FIR) motif can stabilize the ternary TAX1BP1/NAP1/RB1CC1 complex formation. Finally, we elucidate the molecular mechanism governing the selective interactions of TAX1BP1 with ATG8 family members by solving the structure of GABARAP in complex with the non-canonical LIR (LC3-interacting region) motif of TAX1BP1, which unveils a unique binding mode between LIR and ATG8 family protein. Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the interactions of TAX1BP1 with RB1CC1 and mammalian ATG8 family proteins and are valuable for further understanding the working mode and function of TAX1BP1 in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Xinyu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou310024, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Yubin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Xindi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Haobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan610068, China
| | - Lifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou310024, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan610068, China
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17
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Hoyer MJ, Capitanio C, Smith IR, Paoli JC, Bieber A, Jiang Y, Paulo JA, Gonzalez-Lozano MA, Baumeister W, Wilfling F, Schulman BA, Harper JW. Combinatorial selective ER-phagy remodels the ER during neurogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:378-392. [PMID: 38429475 PMCID: PMC10940164 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) employs a diverse proteome landscape to orchestrate many cellular functions, ranging from protein and lipid synthesis to calcium ion flux and inter-organelle communication. A case in point concerns the process of neurogenesis, where a refined tubular ER network is assembled via ER shaping proteins into the newly formed neuronal projections to create highly polarized dendrites and axons. Previous studies have suggested a role for autophagy in ER remodelling, as autophagy-deficient neurons in vivo display axonal ER accumulation within synaptic boutons, and the membrane-embedded ER-phagy receptor FAM134B has been genetically linked with human sensory and autonomic neuropathy. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying selective removal of the ER and the role of individual ER-phagy receptors is limited. Here we combine a genetically tractable induced neuron (iNeuron) system for monitoring ER remodelling during in vitro differentiation with proteomic and computational tools to create a quantitative landscape of ER proteome remodelling via selective autophagy. Through analysis of single and combinatorial ER-phagy receptor mutants, we delineate the extent to which each receptor contributes to both the magnitude and selectivity of ER protein clearance. We define specific subsets of ER membrane or lumenal proteins as preferred clients for distinct receptors. Using spatial sensors and flux reporters, we demonstrate receptor-specific autophagic capture of ER in axons, and directly visualize tubular ER membranes within autophagosomes in neuronal projections by cryo-electron tomography. This molecular inventory of ER proteome remodelling and versatile genetic toolkit provide a quantitative framework for understanding the contributions of individual ER-phagy receptors for reshaping ER during cell state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Hoyer
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Capitanio
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ian R Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Velia Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Julia C Paoli
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Anna Bieber
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yizhi Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel A Gonzalez-Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florian Wilfling
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Mechanisms of Cellular Quality Control, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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18
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Qi B, Li T, Luo H, Hu L, Feng R, Wang D, Peng T, Ren G, Guo D, Liu M, Wang Q, Zhang M, Li Y. Reticulon 3 deficiency ameliorates post-myocardial infarction heart failure by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e503. [PMID: 38420163 PMCID: PMC10901281 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple molecular mechanisms are involved in the development of heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI). However, interventions targeting these pathological processes alone remain clinically ineffective. Therefore, it is essential to identify new therapeutic targets for alleviating cardiac dysfunction after MI. Here, gain- and loss-of-function approaches were used to investigate the role of reticulon 3 (RTN3) in HF after MI. We found that RTN3 was elevated in the myocardium of patients with HF and mice with MI. Cardiomyocyte-specific RTN3 overexpression decreased systolic function in mice under physiological conditions and exacerbated the development of HF induced by MI. Conversely, RTN3 knockout alleviated cardiac dysfunction after MI. Mechanistically, RTN3 bound and mediated heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) translocation from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum. The reduction of cytosolic HSPB1 was responsible for the elevation of TLR4, which impaired mitochondrial function and promoted inflammation through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha(PGC-1α) and TLR4/Nuclear factor-kappa B(NFκB) pathways, respectively. Furthermore, the HSPB1 inhibitor reversed the protective effect of RTN3 knockout on MI. Additionally, elevated plasma RTN3 level is associated with decreased cardiac function in patients with acute MI. This study identified RTN3 as a critical driver of HF after MI and suggests targeting RTN3 as a promising therapeutic strategy for MI and related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchao Qi
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an ShaanxiChina
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an ShaanxiChina
| | - Haixia Luo
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an ShaanxiChina
| | - Lang Hu
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an ShaanxiChina
| | - Renqian Feng
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an ShaanxiChina
| | - Di Wang
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an ShaanxiChina
| | - Tingwei Peng
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an ShaanxiChina
| | - Gaotong Ren
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an ShaanxiChina
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an ShaanxiChina
| | - Mingchuan Liu
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an ShaanxiChina
| | - Qiuhe Wang
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an ShaanxiChina
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an ShaanxiChina
| | - Yan Li
- Department of CardiologyTangdu HospitalAir Force Medical UniversityXi'an ShaanxiChina
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19
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Roberts BS, Mitra D, Abishek S, Beher R, Satpute-Krishnan P. The p24-family and COPII subunit SEC24C facilitate the clearance of alpha1-antitrypsin Z from the endoplasmic reticulum to lysosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar45. [PMID: 38294851 PMCID: PMC10916869 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A subpopulation of the alpha-1-antitrypsin misfolding Z mutant (ATZ) is cleared from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via an ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation (ERLAD) pathway. Here, we report that the COPII subunit SEC24C and the p24-family of proteins facilitate the clearance of ATZ via ERLAD. In addition to the previously reported ERLAD components calnexin and FAM134B, we discovered that ATZ coimmunoprecipitates with the p24-family members TMP21 and TMED9. This contrasts with wild type alpha1-antitrypsin, which did not coimmunoprecipitate with FAM134B, calnexin or the p24-family members. Live-cell imaging revealed that ATZ and the p24-family members traffic together from the ER to lysosomes. Using chemical inhibitors to block ER exit or autophagy, we demonstrated that p24-family members and ATZ co-accumulate at SEC24C marked ER-exit sites or in ER-derived compartments, respectively. Furthermore, depletion of SEC24C, TMP21, or TMED9 inhibited lysosomal trafficking of ATZ and resulted in the increase of intracellular ATZ levels. Conversely, overexpression of these p24-family members resulted in the reduction of ATZ levels. Intriguingly, the p24-family members coimmunoprecipitate with ATZ, FAM134B, and SEC24C. Thus, we propose a model in which the p24-family functions in an adaptor complex linking SEC24C with the ERLAD machinery for the clearance of ATZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debashree Mitra
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Sudhanshu Abishek
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Richa Beher
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
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20
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Zalon AJ, Quiriconi DJ, Pitcairn C, Mazzulli JR. α-Synuclein: Multiple pathogenic roles in trafficking and proteostasis pathways in Parkinson's disease. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241232963. [PMID: 38420922 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241232963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. A hallmark of both familial and sporadic PD is the presence of Lewy body inclusions composed mainly of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn), a presynaptic protein encoded by the SNCA gene. The mechanisms driving the relationship between α-syn accumulation and neurodegeneration are not completely understood, although recent evidence indicates that multiple branches of the proteostasis pathway are simultaneously perturbed when α-syn aberrantly accumulates within neurons. Studies from patient-derived midbrain cultures that develop α-syn pathology through the endogenous expression of PD-causing mutations show that proteostasis disruption occurs at the level of synthesis/folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), downstream ER-Golgi trafficking, and autophagic-lysosomal clearance. Here, we review the fundamentals of protein transport, highlighting the specific steps where α-syn accumulation may intervene and the downstream effects on proteostasis. Current therapeutic efforts are focused on targeting single pathways or proteins, but the multifaceted pathogenic role of α-syn throughout the proteostasis pathway suggests that manipulating several targets simultaneously will provide more effective disease-modifying therapies for PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie J Zalon
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Drew J Quiriconi
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caleb Pitcairn
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph R Mazzulli
- The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Jang W, Haucke V. ER remodeling via lipid metabolism. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00023-0. [PMID: 38395735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Unlike most other organelles found in multiple copies, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a unique singular organelle within eukaryotic cells. Despite its continuous membrane structure, encompassing more than half of the cellular endomembrane system, the ER is subdivided into specialized sub-compartments, including morphological, membrane contact site (MCS), and de novo organelle biogenesis domains. In this review, we discuss recent emerging evidence indicating that, in response to nutrient stress, cells undergo a reorganization of these sub-compartmental ER domains through two main mechanisms: non-destructive remodeling of morphological ER domains via regulation of MCS and organelle hitchhiking, and destructive remodeling of specialized domains by ER-phagy. We further highlight and propose a critical role of membrane lipid metabolism in this ER remodeling during starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyul Jang
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125 Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Li J, Moretti F, Hidvegi T, Sviben S, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Sundaramoorthi H, Pak SC, Silverman GA, Knapp B, Filipuzzi I, Alford J, Reece-Hoyes J, Nigsch F, Murphy LO, Nyfeler B, Perlmutter DH. Multiple Genes Core to ERAD, Macroautophagy and Lysosomal Degradation Pathways Participate in the Proteostasis Response in α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:1007-1024. [PMID: 38336172 PMCID: PMC11053228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In the classic form of α1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD), the misfolded α1-antitrypsin Z (ATZ) variant accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of liver cells. A gain-of-function proteotoxic mechanism is responsible for chronic liver disease in a subgroup of homozygotes. Proteostatic response pathways, including conventional endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and autophagy, have been proposed as the mechanisms that allow cellular adaptation and presumably protection from the liver disease phenotype. Recent studies have concluded that a distinct lysosomal pathway called endoplasmic reticulum-to-lysosome completely supplants the role of the conventional macroautophagy pathway in degradation of ATZ. Here, we used several state-of-the-art approaches to characterize the proteostatic responses more fully in cellular systems that model ATD. METHODS We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated genome editing coupled to a cell selection step by fluorescence-activated cell sorter to perform screening for proteostasis genes that regulate ATZ accumulation and combined that with selective genome editing in 2 other model systems. RESULTS Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation genes are key early regulators and multiple autophagy genes, from classic as well as from ER-to-lysosome and other newly described ER-phagy pathways, participate in degradation of ATZ in a manner that is temporally regulated and evolves as ATZ accumulation persists. Time-dependent changes in gene expression are accompanied by specific ultrastructural changes including dilation of the ER, formation of globular inclusions, budding of autophagic vesicles, and alterations in the overall shape and component parts of mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS Macroautophagy is a critical component of the proteostasis response to cellular ATZ accumulation and it becomes more important over time as ATZ synthesis continues unabated. Multiple subtypes of macroautophagy and nonautophagic lysosomal degradative pathways are needed to respond to the high concentrations of misfolded protein that characterizes ATD and these pathways are attractive candidates for genetic variants that predispose to the hepatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Tunda Hidvegi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sanja Sviben
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Stephen C Pak
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Gary A Silverman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Britta Knapp
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - John Alford
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Leon O Murphy
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Beat Nyfeler
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David H Perlmutter
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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23
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Pareek G, Kundu M. Physiological functions of ULK1/2. J Mol Biol 2024:168472. [PMID: 38311233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
UNC-51-like kinases 1 and 2 (ULK1/2) are serine/threonine kinases that are best known for their evolutionarily conserved role in the autophagy pathway. Upon sensing the nutrient status of a cell, ULK1/2 integrate signals from upstream cellular energy sensors such as mTOR and AMPK and relay them to the downstream components of the autophagy machinery. ULK1/2 also play indispensable roles in the selective autophagy pathway, removing damaged mitochondria, invading pathogens, and toxic protein aggregates. Additional functions of ULK1/2 have emerged beyond autophagy, including roles in protein trafficking, RNP granule dynamics, and signaling events impacting innate immunity, axon guidance, cellular homeostasis, and cell fate. Therefore, it is no surprise that alterations in ULK1/2 expression and activity have been linked with pathophysiological processes, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence suggests that ULK1/2 function as biological rheostats, tuning cellular functions to intra and extra-cellular cues. Given their broad physiological relevance, ULK1/2 are candidate targets for small molecule activators or inhibitors that may pave the way for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Pareek
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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24
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Jin J, Chang S, Chen Y, Liu M, Dong Y, Liu J, Wang Q, Huang H, Fan L, Xiang R. Reticulon 3 regulates sphingosine-1-phosphate synthesis in endothelial cells to control blood pressure. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e480. [PMID: 38352050 PMCID: PMC10863919 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the endothelium as a major regulator of vascular tone triggered intense research among basic and clinical investigators to unravel the physiologic and pathophysiologic significance of this phenomenon. Sphingosine-l-phosphate (S1P), derived from the vascular endothelium, is a significant regulator of blood pressure. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of S1P biosynthetic pathways in arteries remain to be further clarified. Here, we reported that Reticulon 3 (RTN3) regulated endothelial sphingolipid biosynthesis and blood pressure. We employed public datasets, patients, and mouse models to explore the pathophysiological roles of RTN3 in blood pressure control. The underlying mechanisms were studied in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We reported that increased RTN3 was found in patients and that RTN3-null mice presented hypotension. In HUVECs, RTN3 can regulate migration and tube formation via the S1P signaling pathway. Mechanistically, RTN3 can interact with CERS2 to promote the selective autophagy of CERS2 and further influence S1P signals to control blood pressure. We also identified an RTN3 variant (c.116C>T, p.T39M) in a family with hypertension. Our data provided the first evidence of the association between RTN3 level changes and blood pressure anomalies and preliminarily elucidated the importance of RTN3 in S1P metabolism and blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie‐Yuan Jin
- Department of OrthopaedicsMicrosurgery & Reconstruction Research CenterXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Si‐Hua Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ya‐Qin Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Meng‐Wei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- College of Basic MedicalXinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiChina
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ji‐Shi Liu
- Department of NephrologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of OrthopaedicsMicrosurgery & Reconstruction Research CenterXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liang‐Liang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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25
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Jin S, Li Y, Xia T, Liu Y, Zhang S, Hu H, Chang Q, Yan M. Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of selective autophagy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00041-9. [PMID: 38295876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, whereas there is no approved drug therapy due to its complexity. Studies are emerging to discuss the role of selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, because the specificity among the features of selective autophagy makes it a crucial process in mitigating hepatocyte damage caused by aberrant accumulation of dysfunctional organelles, for which no other pathway can compensate. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the types, functions, and dynamics of selective autophagy that are of particular importance in the initiation and progression of NAFLD. And on this basis, the review outlines the therapeutic strategies against NAFLD, in particular the medications and potential natural products that can modulate selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of this disease. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The critical roles of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD are well established, while reticulophagy and pexophagy are still being identified in this disease due to the insufficient understanding of their molecular details. As gradual blockage of autophagic flux reveals the complexity of NAFLD, studies unraveling the underlying mechanisms have made it possible to successfully treat NAFLD with multiple pharmacological compounds that target associated pathways. Overall, it is convinced that the continued research into selective autophagy occurring in NAFLD will further enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis and uncover novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tianji Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yongguang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
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26
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Liu J, Wu Y, Meng S, Xu P, Li S, Li Y, Hu X, Ouyang L, Wang G. Selective autophagy in cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:22. [PMID: 38262996 PMCID: PMC10807193 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells engage in autophagy, an internal process of self-degradation through lysosomes. Autophagy can be classified as selective or non-selective depending on the way it chooses to degrade substrates. During the process of selective autophagy, damaged and/or redundant organelles like mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, nuclei, proteasomes, and lipid droplets are selectively recycled. Specific cargo is delivered to autophagosomes by specific receptors, isolated and engulfed. Selective autophagy dysfunction is closely linked with cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, heart failure, etc. Through reviewing latest research, this review summarized molecular markers and important signaling pathways for selective autophagy, and its significant role in cancers. Moreover, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of small-molecule compounds targeting selective autophagy for their potential application in anti-tumor therapy, elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved. This review aims to supply important scientific references and development directions for the biological mechanisms and drug discovery of anti-tumor targeting selective autophagy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Liu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sha Meng
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Emergency Department, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Shutong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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27
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Robinson CM, Duggan A, Forrester A. ER exit in physiology and disease. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1352970. [PMID: 38314136 PMCID: PMC10835805 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1352970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The biosynthetic secretory pathway is comprised of multiple steps, modifications and interactions that form a highly precise pathway of protein trafficking and secretion, that is essential for eukaryotic life. The general outline of this pathway is understood, however the specific mechanisms are still unclear. In the last 15 years there have been vast advancements in technology that enable us to advance our understanding of this complex and subtle pathway. Therefore, based on the strong foundation of work performed over the last 40 years, we can now build another level of understanding, using the new technologies available. The biosynthetic secretory pathway is a high precision process, that involves a number of tightly regulated steps: Protein folding and quality control, cargo selection for Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) exit, Golgi trafficking, sorting and secretion. When deregulated it causes severe diseases that here we categorise into three main groups of aberrant secretion: decreased, excess and altered secretion. Each of these categories disrupts organ homeostasis differently, effecting extracellular matrix composition, changing signalling events, or damaging the secretory cells due to aberrant intracellular accumulation of secretory proteins. Diseases of aberrant secretion are very common, but despite this, there are few effective therapies. Here we describe ER exit sites (ERES) as key hubs for regulation of the secretory pathway, protein quality control and an integratory hub for signalling within the cell. This review also describes the challenges that will be faced in developing effective therapies, due to the specificity required of potential drug candidates and the crucial need to respect the fine equilibrium of the pathway. The development of novel tools is moving forward, and we can also use these tools to build our understanding of the acute regulation of ERES and protein trafficking. Here we review ERES regulation in context as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Robinson
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aislinn Duggan
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison Forrester
- Research Unit of Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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28
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Hawley SA, Russell FM, Ross FA, Hardie DG. BAY-3827 and SBI-0206965: Potent AMPK Inhibitors That Paradoxically Increase Thr172 Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:453. [PMID: 38203624 PMCID: PMC10778976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the central component of a signalling pathway that senses energy stress and triggers a metabolic switch away from anabolic processes and towards catabolic processes. There has been a prolonged focus in the pharmaceutical industry on the development of AMPK-activating drugs for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as Type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, recent findings suggest that AMPK inhibitors might be efficacious for treating certain cancers, especially lung adenocarcinomas, in which the PRKAA1 gene (encoding the α1 catalytic subunit isoform of AMPK) is often amplified. Here, we study two potent AMPK inhibitors, BAY-3827 and SBI-0206965. Despite not being closely related structurally, the treatment of cells with either drug unexpectedly caused increases in AMPK phosphorylation at the activating site, Thr172, even though the phosphorylation of several downstream targets in different subcellular compartments was completely inhibited. Surprisingly, the two inhibitors appear to promote Thr172 phosphorylation by different mechanisms: BAY-3827 primarily protects against Thr172 dephosphorylation, while SBI-0206965 also promotes phosphorylation by LKB1 at low concentrations, while increasing cellular AMP:ATP ratios at higher concentrations. Due to its greater potency and fewer off-target effects, BAY-3827 is now the inhibitor of choice for cell studies, although its low bioavailability may limit its use in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - D. Grahame Hardie
- Division of Cell Signalling & Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; (S.A.H.); (F.A.R.)
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29
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Liang Y, Meng F, Zhao X, He X, Liu J. OsHLP1 is an endoplasmic-reticulum-phagy receptor in rice plants. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113480. [PMID: 38019652 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest intracellular endomembrane system; it shows dynamic changes upon environmental stress. To maintain ER morphology and homeostasis under stress, the excessive ER membrane and the associated unwanted proteins can be removed via ER-phagy. Although a few ER-phagy receptors have been reported in mammals and yeast, their functional counterparts in plants remain largely unexplored. Here, we report that the HVA22 family protein OsHLP1 is an uncharacterized ER-phagy receptor in rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsHLP1 interacts with OsATG8b and recruits ER subdomains and the cargo protein OsNTL6, a negative immune regulator, to autophagosomes upon infection with the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, which substantially activates disease resistance in rice. AtHVA22J, an Arabidopsis thaliana OsHLP1 ortholog, induced similar ER-phagy in plants. Altogether, we unraveled a conservative protein family that may act as ER-phagy receptors in higher plants, and in particular, we highlighted their roles in rice immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Liang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fanwei Meng
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyi He
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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30
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Piña F, Yan B, Hu J, Niwa M. Reticulons bind sphingolipids to activate the endoplasmic reticulum cell cycle checkpoint, the ER surveillance pathway. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113403. [PMID: 37979174 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The inheritance of a functional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is ensured by the ER stress surveillance (ERSU) pathway. Here, we made the unexpected discovery that reticulon 1 (Rtn1) and Yop1, well-known ER-curvature-generating proteins, each possess two sphingolipid-binding motifs within their transmembrane domains and that these motifs recognize the ER-stress-induced sphingolipid phytosphingosine (PHS), resulting in an ER inheritance block. Upon binding PHS, Rtn1/Yop1 accumulate on the ER tubule, poised to enter the emerging daughter cell, and cause its misdirection to the bud scars (i.e., previous cell division sites). Amino acid changes in the conserved PHS-binding motifs preclude Rtn1 or Yop1 from binding PHS and diminish their enrichment on the tubular ER, ultimately preventing the ER-stress-induced inheritance block. Conservation of these sphingolipid-binding motifs in human reticulons suggests that sphingolipid binding to Rtn1 and Yop1 represents an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that enables cells to respond to ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Piña
- Division of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, NSB#1, Rm. 5328, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0377, USA
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Rm. 6210, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Rm. 6210, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Maho Niwa
- Division of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, NSB#1, Rm. 5328, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093-0377, USA.
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31
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Berkane R, Ho-Xuan H, Glogger M, Sanz-Martinez P, Brunello L, Glaesner T, Kuncha SK, Holzhüter K, Cano-Franco S, Buonomo V, Cabrerizo-Poveda P, Balakrishnan A, Tascher G, Husnjak K, Juretschke T, Misra M, González A, Dötsch V, Grumati P, Heilemann M, Stolz A. The function of ER-phagy receptors is regulated through phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination pathways. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8364. [PMID: 38102139 PMCID: PMC10724265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), known as ER-phagy, is an important regulator of ER remodeling and essential to maintain cellular homeostasis during environmental changes. We recently showed that members of the FAM134 family play a critical role during stress-induced ER-phagy. However, the mechanisms on how they are activated remain largely unknown. In this study, we analyze phosphorylation of FAM134 as a trigger of FAM134-driven ER-phagy upon mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) inhibition. An unbiased screen of kinase inhibitors reveals CK2 to be essential for FAM134B- and FAM134C-driven ER-phagy after mTOR inhibition. Furthermore, we provide evidence that ER-phagy receptors are regulated by ubiquitination events and that treatment with E1 inhibitor suppresses Torin1-induced ER-phagy flux. Using super-resolution microscopy, we show that CK2 activity is essential for the formation of high-density FAM134B and FAM134C clusters. In addition, dense clustering of FAM134B and FAM134C requires phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination of FAM134B and FAM134C. Treatment with the CK2 inhibitor SGC-CK2-1 or mutation of FAM134B and FAM134C phosphosites prevents ubiquitination of FAM134 proteins, formation of high-density clusters, as well as Torin1-induced ER-phagy flux. Therefore, we propose that CK2-dependent phosphorylation of ER-phagy receptors precedes ubiquitin-dependent activation of ER-phagy flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayene Berkane
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hung Ho-Xuan
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marius Glogger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pablo Sanz-Martinez
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lorène Brunello
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tristan Glaesner
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Santosh Kumar Kuncha
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Holzhüter
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sara Cano-Franco
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Viviana Buonomo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Paloma Cabrerizo-Poveda
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ashwin Balakrishnan
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Koraljka Husnjak
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Mohit Misra
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexis González
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Paolo Grumati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexandra Stolz
- Institute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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32
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Sun Y, Wang X, Yang X, Wang L, Ding J, Wang CC, Zhang H, Wang X. V-ATPase recruitment to ER exit sites switches COPII-mediated transport to lysosomal degradation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2761-2775.e5. [PMID: 37922908 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-phagy is crucial to regulate the function and homeostasis of the ER via lysosomal degradation, but how it is initiated is unclear. Here we discover that Z-AAT, a disease-causing mutant of α1-antitrypsin, induces noncanonical ER-phagy at ER exit sites (ERESs). Accumulation of misfolded Z-AAT at the ERESs impairs coat protein complex II (COPII)-mediated ER-to-Golgi transport and retains V0 subunits that further assemble V-ATPase at the arrested ERESs. V-ATPase subsequently recruits ATG16L1 onto ERESs to mediate in situ lipidation of LC3C. FAM134B-II is then recruited by LC3C via its LIR motif and elicits ER-phagy leading to efficient lysosomal degradation of Z-AAT. Activation of this ER-phagy mediated by the V-ATPase-ATG16L1-LC3C axis (EVAC) is also triggered by blocking ER export. Our findings identify a pathway which switches COPII-mediated transport to lysosomal degradation for ER quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi'e Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingjin Ding
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chih-Chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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33
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Li J, Tang C, Liang G, Tian H, Lai G, Wu Y, Liu S, Zhang W, Liu S, Shao H. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Associated Protein 9 System: Factors Affecting Precision Gene Editing Efficiency and Optimization Strategies. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:1190-1203. [PMID: 37642232 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) system is a powerful genomic DNA editing tool. The increased applications of gene editing tools, including the CRISPR-Cas system, have contributed to recent advances in biological fields, such as genetic disease therapy, disease-associated gene screening and detection, and cancer therapy. However, the major limiting factor for the wide application of gene editing tools is gene editing efficiency. This review summarizes the recent advances in factors affecting the gene editing efficiency of the CRISPR-Cas9 system and the CRISPR-Cas9 system optimization strategies. The homology-directed repair efficiency-related signal pathways and the form and delivery method of the CRISPR-Cas9 system are the major factors that influence the repair efficiency of gene editing tools. Based on these influencing factors, several strategies have been developed to improve the repair efficiency of gene editing tools. This review provides novel insights for improving the repair efficiency of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system, which may enable the development and improvement of gene editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuxi Tang
- School of Pharmacy & Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozheng Liang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqun Tian
- The Second People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanxi Lai
- School of Pharmacy & Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy & Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwen Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy & Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy & Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Shao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Bio-pharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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34
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Knupp J, Pletan ML, Arvan P, Tsai B. Autophagy of the ER: the secretome finds the lysosome. FEBS J 2023; 290:5656-5673. [PMID: 37920925 PMCID: PMC11044768 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its components through the autophagy pathway has emerged as a major regulator of ER proteostasis. Commonly referred to as ER-phagy and ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation (ERLAD), how the ER is targeted to the lysosome has been recently clarified by a growing number of studies. Here, we summarize the discoveries of the molecular components required for lysosomal degradation of the ER and their proposed mechanisms of action. Additionally, we discuss how cells employ these machineries to create the different routes of ER-lysosome-associated degradation. Further, we review the role of ER-phagy in viral infection pathways, as well as the implication of ER-phagy in human disease. In sum, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current field of ER-phagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Knupp
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Madison L Pletan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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35
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Qian X, He L, Yang J, Sun J, Peng X, Zhang Y, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Cui Y. UVRAG cooperates with cargo receptors to assemble the ER-phagy site. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113625. [PMID: 37902287 PMCID: PMC10690450 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
ER-phagy is a selective autophagy process that targets specific regions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for removal via lysosomal degradation. During cellular stress induced by starvation, cargo receptors concentrate at distinct ER-phagy sites (ERPHS) to recruit core autophagy proteins and initiate ER-phagy. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for ERPHS formation remains unclear. In our study, we discovered that the autophagy regulator UV radiation Resistance-Associated Gene (UVRAG) plays a crucial role in orchestrating the assembly of ERPHS. Upon starvation, UVRAG localizes to ERPHS and interacts with specific ER-phagy cargo receptors, such as FAM134B, ATL3, and RTN3L. UVRAG regulates the oligomerization of cargo receptors and facilitates the recruitment of Atg8 family proteins. Consequently, UVRAG promotes efficient ERPHS assembly and turnover of both ER sheets and tubules. Importantly, UVRAG-mediated ER-phagy contributes to the clearance of pathogenic proinsulin aggregates. Remarkably, the involvement of UVRAG in ER-phagy initiation is independent of its canonical function as a subunit of class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lingang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiejie Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiajia Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xueying Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yizhou Mao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yixian Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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36
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Wang TT, Zhang LC, Qin Z, Chen SJ, Zeng JM, Li JY, An L, Wang CY, Gao Y, Wang LM, Zhao ZX, Liu ZQ, Wang SG. Decreased syntaxin17 expression contributes to the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis in murine models by impairing autophagic degradation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2445-2454. [PMID: 37580492 PMCID: PMC10692237 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas. Disruptions in organelle homeostasis, including macroautophagy/autophagy dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, have been implicated in human and rodent pancreatitis. Syntaxin 17 (STX17) belongs to the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) subfamily. The Qa-SNARE STX17 is an autophagosomal SNARE protein that interacts with SNAP29 (Qbc-SNARE) and the lysosomal SNARE VAMP8 (R-SNARE) to drive autophagosome-lysosome fusion. In this study, we investigated the role of STX17 in the pathogenesis of AP in male mice or rats induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of cerulein. We showed that cerulein hyperstimulation induced AP in mouse and rat models, which was characterized by increased serum amylase and lipase activities, pancreatic edema, necrotic cell death and the infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as markedly decreased pancreatic STX17 expression. A similar reduction in STX17 levels was observed in primary and AR42J pancreatic acinar cells treated with CCK (100 nM) in vitro. By analyzing autophagic flux, we found that the decrease in STX17 blocked autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic degradation, as well as the activation of ER stress. Pancreas-specific STX17 knockdown using adenovirus-shSTX17 further exacerbated pancreatic edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and necrotic cell death after cerulein injection. These data demonstrate a critical role of STX17 in maintaining pancreatic homeostasis and provide new evidence that autophagy serves as a protective mechanism against AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li-Chun Zhang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shu-Jun Chen
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing-Min Zeng
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing-Yan Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin An
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Cai-Yan Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Li-Ming Wang
- School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhong-Xiang Zhao
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shao-Gui Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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37
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Hayashi Y, Takatori S, Warsame WY, Tomita T, Fujisawa T, Ichijo H. TOLLIP acts as a cargo adaptor to promote lysosomal degradation of aberrant ER membrane proteins. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114272. [PMID: 37929762 PMCID: PMC10690474 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis is maintained by various catabolic pathways. Lysosomes clear entire ER portions by ER-phagy, while proteasomes selectively clear misfolded or surplus aberrant proteins by ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Recently, lysosomes have also been implicated in the selective clearance of aberrant ER proteins, but the molecular basis remains unclear. Here, we show that the phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P)-binding protein TOLLIP promotes selective lysosomal degradation of aberrant membrane proteins, including an artificial substrate and motoneuron disease-causing mutants of VAPB and Seipin. These cargos are recognized by TOLLIP through its misfolding-sensing intrinsically disordered region (IDR) and ubiquitin-binding CUE domain. In contrast to ER-phagy receptors, which clear both native and aberrant proteins by ER-phagy, TOLLIP selectively clears aberrant cargos by coupling them with the PI3P-dependent lysosomal trafficking without promoting bulk ER turnover. Moreover, TOLLIP depletion augments ER stress after ERAD inhibition, indicating that TOLLIP and ERAD cooperatively safeguard ER proteostasis. Our study identifies TOLLIP as a unique type of cargo-specific adaptor dedicated to the clearance of aberrant ER cargos and provides insights into molecular mechanisms underlying lysosome-mediated quality control of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hayashi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Sho Takatori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | | | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Takao Fujisawa
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Hoyer MJ, Capitanio C, Smith IR, Paoli JC, Bieber A, Jiang Y, Paulo JA, Gonzalez-Lozano MA, Baumeister W, Wilfling F, Schulman BA, Harper JW. Combinatorial selective ER-phagy remodels the ER during neurogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.26.546565. [PMID: 37425907 PMCID: PMC10326971 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.26.546565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) employs a diverse proteome landscape to orchestrate many cellular functions ranging from protein and lipid synthesis to calcium ion flux and inter-organelle communication. A case in point concerns the process of neurogenesis: a refined tubular ER network is assembled via ER shaping proteins into the newly formed neuronal projections to create highly polarized dendrites and axons. Previous studies have suggested a role for autophagy in ER remodeling, as autophagy-deficient neurons in vivo display axonal ER accumulation within synaptic boutons, and the membrane-embedded ER-phagy receptor FAM134B has been genetically linked with human sensory and autonomic neuropathy. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying selective removal of ER and the role of individual ER-phagy receptors is limited. Here, we combine a genetically tractable induced neuron (iNeuron) system for monitoring ER remodeling during in vitro differentiation with proteomic and computational tools to create a quantitative landscape of ER proteome remodeling via selective autophagy. Through analysis of single and combinatorial ER-phagy receptor mutants, we delineate the extent to which each receptor contributes to both magnitude and selectivity of ER protein clearance. We define specific subsets of ER membrane or lumenal proteins as preferred clients for distinct receptors. Using spatial sensors and flux reporters, we demonstrate receptor-specific autophagic capture of ER in axons, and directly visualize tubular ER membranes within autophagosomes in neuronal projections by cryo-electron tomography. This molecular inventory of ER proteome remodeling and versatile genetic toolkit provides a quantitative framework for understanding contributions of individual ER-phagy receptors for reshaping ER during cell state transitions.
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39
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Hickey KL, Swarup S, Smith IR, Paoli JC, Miguel Whelan E, Paulo JA, Harper JW. Proteome census upon nutrient stress reveals Golgiphagy membrane receptors. Nature 2023; 623:167-174. [PMID: 37757899 PMCID: PMC10620096 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
During nutrient stress, macroautophagy degrades cellular macromolecules, thereby providing biosynthetic building blocks while simultaneously remodelling the proteome1,2. Although the machinery responsible for initiation of macroautophagy has been well characterized3,4, our understanding of the extent to which individual proteins, protein complexes and organelles are selected for autophagic degradation, and the underlying targeting mechanisms, is limited. Here we use orthogonal proteomic strategies to provide a spatial proteome census of autophagic cargo during nutrient stress in mammalian cells. We find that macroautophagy has selectivity for recycling membrane-bound organelles (principally Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum). Through autophagic cargo prioritization, we identify a complex of membrane-embedded proteins, YIPF3 and YIPF4, as receptors for Golgiphagy. During nutrient stress, YIPF3 and YIPF4 interact with ATG8 proteins through LIR motifs and are mobilized into autophagosomes that traffic to lysosomes in a process that requires the canonical autophagic machinery. Cells lacking YIPF3 or YIPF4 are selectively defective in elimination of a specific cohort of Golgi membrane proteins during nutrient stress. Moreover, YIPF3 and YIPF4 play an analogous role in Golgi remodelling during programmed conversion of stem cells to the neuronal lineage in vitro. Collectively, the findings of this study reveal prioritization of membrane protein cargo during nutrient-stress-dependent proteome remodelling and identify a Golgi remodelling pathway that requires membrane-embedded receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Hickey
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Sharan Swarup
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Casma Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ian R Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Velia Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Julia C Paoli
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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40
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Kim KK, Lee TH, Park BS, Kang D, Kim DH, Jeong B, Kim JW, Yang HR, Kim HR, Jin S, Back SH, Park JW, Kim JG, Lee BJ. Bridging Energy Need and Feeding Behavior: The Impact of eIF2α Phosphorylation in AgRP Neurons. Diabetes 2023; 72:1384-1396. [PMID: 37478284 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) is a key mediator of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR). In mammals, eIF2α is phosphorylated by overnutrition-induced ER stress and is related to the development of obesity. Here, we studied the function of phosphorylated eIF2α (p-eIF2α) in agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons using a mouse model (AgRPeIF2αA/A) with an AgRP neuron-specific substitution from Ser 51 to Ala in eIF2α, which impairs eIF2α phosphorylation in AgRP neurons. These AgRPeIF2αA/A mice had decreases in starvation-induced AgRP neuronal activity and food intake and an increased responsiveness to leptin. Intriguingly, impairment of eIF2α phosphorylation produced decreases in the starvation-induced expression of UPR and autophagy genes in AgRP neurons. Collectively, these findings suggest that eIF2α phosphorylation regulates AgRP neuronal activity by affecting intracellular responses such as the UPR and autophagy during starvation, thereby participating in the homeostatic control of whole-body energy metabolism. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS This study examines the impact of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation, triggered by an energy deficit, on hypothalamic AgRP neurons and its subsequent influence on whole-body energy homeostasis. Impaired eIF2α phosphorylation diminishes the unfolded protein response and autophagy, both of which are crucial for energy deficit-induced activation of AgRP neurons. This study highlights the significance of eIF2α phosphorylation as a cellular marker indicating the availability of energy in AgRP neurons and as a molecular switch that regulates homeostatic feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Kon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong Seo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasol Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Rae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Sungho Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sung Hoon Back
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Basic-Clinical Convergence Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Basic-Clinical Convergence Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Basic-Clinical Convergence Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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41
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Hill MA, Sykes AM, Mellick GD. ER-phagy in neurodegeneration. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1611-1623. [PMID: 37334842 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
There are many cellular mechanisms implicated in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. However, age and the accumulation of unwanted cellular products are a common theme underlying many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Niemann-Pick type C. Autophagy has been studied extensively in these diseases and various genetic risk factors have implicated disruption in autophagy homoeostasis as a major pathogenic mechanism. Autophagy is essential in the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis, as their postmitotic nature makes them particularly susceptible to the damage caused by accumulation of defective or misfolded proteins, disease-prone aggregates, and damaged organelles. Recently, autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER-phagy) has been identified as a novel cellular mechanism for regulating ER morphology and response to cellular stress. As neurodegenerative diseases are generally precipitated by cellular stressors such as protein accumulation and environmental toxin exposure the role of ER-phagy has begun to be investigated. In this review we discuss the current research in ER-phagy and its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Hill
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alex M Sykes
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - George D Mellick
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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42
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Hanquier Z, Misra J, Baxter R, Maiers JL. Stress and Liver Fibrogenesis: Understanding the Role and Regulation of Stress Response Pathways in Hepatic Stellate Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1363-1376. [PMID: 37422148 PMCID: PMC10548279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Stress response pathways are crucial for cells to adapt to physiological and pathologic conditions. Increased transcription and translation in response to stimuli place a strain on the cell, necessitating increased amino acid supply, protein production and folding, and disposal of misfolded proteins. Stress response pathways, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the integrated stress response (ISR), allow cells to adapt to stress and restore homeostasis; however, their role and regulation in pathologic conditions, such as hepatic fibrogenesis, are unclear. Liver injury promotes fibrogenesis through activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which produce and secrete fibrogenic proteins to promote tissue repair. This process is exacerbated in chronic liver disease, leading to fibrosis and, if unchecked, cirrhosis. Fibrogenic HSCs exhibit activation of both the UPR and ISR, due in part to increased transcriptional and translational demands, and these stress responses play important roles in fibrogenesis. Targeting these pathways to limit fibrogenesis or promote HSC apoptosis is a potential antifibrotic strategy, but it is limited by our lack of mechanistic understanding of how the UPR and ISR regulate HSC activation and fibrogenesis. This article explores the role of the UPR and ISR in the progression of fibrogenesis, and highlights areas that require further investigation to better understand how the UPR and ISR can be targeted to limit hepatic fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Hanquier
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jagannath Misra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Reese Baxter
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jessica L Maiers
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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43
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Wang R, Fortier TM, Chai F, Miao G, Shen JL, Restrepo LJ, DiGiacomo JJ, Velentzas PD, Baehrecke EH. PINK1, Keap1, and Rtnl1 regulate selective clearance of endoplasmic reticulum during development. Cell 2023; 186:4172-4188.e18. [PMID: 37633267 PMCID: PMC10530463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Selective clearance of organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, by autophagy plays an important role in cell health. Here, we describe a developmentally programmed selective ER clearance by autophagy. We show that Parkinson's disease-associated PINK1, as well as Atl, Rtnl1, and Trp1 receptors, regulate ER clearance by autophagy. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin functions downstream of PINK1 and is required for mitochondrial clearance while having the opposite function in ER clearance. By contrast, Keap1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin3 function downstream of PINK1 to regulate ER clearance by influencing Rtnl1 and Atl. PINK1 regulates a change in Keap1 localization and Keap1-dependent ubiquitylation of the ER-phagy receptor Rtnl1 to facilitate ER clearance. Thus, PINK1 regulates the selective clearance of ER and mitochondria by influencing the balance of Keap1- and Parkin-dependent ubiquitylation of substrates that determine which organelle is removed by autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Tina M Fortier
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Fei Chai
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Guangyan Miao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - James L Shen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lucas J Restrepo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jeromy J DiGiacomo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Panagiotis D Velentzas
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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44
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Kim DY, Shin JY, Lee JE, Kim HN, Chung SJ, Yoo HS, Kim SJ, Cho HJ, Lee EJ, Nam SJ, Kim SH, Jang J, Lee SE, Lee PH. A selective ER-phagy exerts neuroprotective effects via modulation of α-synuclein clearance in parkinsonian models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221929120. [PMID: 37669380 PMCID: PMC10500278 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221929120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is selectively degraded by ER-phagy to maintain cell homeostasis. α-synuclein accumulates in the ER, causing ER stress that contributes to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the role of ER-phagy in α-synuclein modulation is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which ER-phagy selectively recognizes α-synuclein for degradation in the ER. We found that ER-phagy played an important role in the degradation of α-synuclein and recovery of ER function through interaction with FAM134B, where calnexin is required for the selective FAM134B-mediated α-synuclein clearance via ER-phagy. Overexpression of α-synuclein in the ER of the substantia nigra (SN) resulted in marked loss of dopaminergic neurons and motor deficits, mimicking PD characteristics. However, enhancement of ER-phagy using FAM134B overexpression in the SN exerted neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons and recovered motor performance. These data suggest that ER-phagy represents a specific ER clearance mechanism for the degradation of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Ha Na Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin16995, South Korea
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan47392, South Korea
| | - Hwa Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan47392, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul05505, South Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Nam
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul05505, South Korea
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon24289, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Jang
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon24289, South Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Virus Facility, Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul03722, South Korea
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45
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Zhang Z, Liu X, Yang Z, Mo X. Study on the protective effect of RNA-binding motif protein 3 in mild hypothermia oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation cell model. Cryobiology 2023; 112:104544. [PMID: 37211323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mild hypothermia is proven neuroprotective in clinical practice. While hypothermia leads to the decrease of global protein synthesis rate, it upregulates a small subset of protein including RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3). In this study, we treated mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a) with mild hypothermia before oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and discovered the decrease of apoptosis rate, down-regulation of apoptosis-associated protein and enhancement of cell viability. Overexpression of RBM3 via plasmid exerted similar effect while silencing RBM3 by siRNAs partially reversed the protective effect exerted by mild hypothermia pretreatment. The protein level of Reticulon 3(RTN3), a downstream gene of RBM3, also increased after mild hypothermia pretreatment. Silencing RTN3 weakened the protective effect of mild hypothermia pretreatment or RBM3 overexpression. Also, the protein level of autophagy gene LC3B increased after OGD/R or RBM3 overexpression while silencing RTN3 decreased this trend. Furthermore, immunofluorescence observed enhanced fluorescence signal of LC3B and RTN3 as well as a large number of overlaps after RBM3 overexpressing. In conclusion, RBM3 plays a cellular protective role by regulating apoptosis and viability via its downstream gene RTN3 in the hypothermia OGD/R cell model and autophagy may participate in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaocong Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Bi T, Lu Q, Pan X, Dong F, Hu Y, Xu Z, Xiu P, Liu Z, Li J. circFAM134B is a key factor regulating reticulophagy-mediated ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1900-1920. [PMID: 37603831 PMCID: PMC10599178 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2249302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an important mode of regulated cell death (RCD). Its inhibition is closely related to therapeutic resistance and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous reports have demonstrated ferroptosis as a biological process highly dependent on selective autophagy, such as ferritinophagy, lipophagy, and clockophagy. Our study also revealed a role for ER-phagy-mediated ferroptosis in HCC cells treated with multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In the current study, we found that the homologous circular RNA (circRNA) of the family with sequence similarity 134, member B (FAM134B), hsa_circ_0128505 (was abbreviated as circFAM134B in the present study), was identified to specifically target ER-phagy to promote lenvatinib (LV)-induced ferroptosis using reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), and western blot (WB) assays in HCC cells. RNA pull-down and mass spectrometry analyses suggested that circFAM134B and FAM134B mRNA were enriched with several common interacting proteins. Among them, poly (A) binding protein cytoplasmic 4 (PABPC4) was identified as the most enriched binding partner. It was proven to be a novel antagonist against the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) mechanism. We then applied RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter, and NMD reporter gene assays to further explore the exact role and underlying mechanism of circFAM134B-PABPC4-FAM134B axis in HCC cells. circFAM134B was confirmed as a sponge that competitively interacted with PABPC4, thereby influencing FAM134B mRNA nonsense decay. Our results provide novel evidences and strategies for the comprehensive treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qianqian Lu
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Fenglin Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yejia Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zongzhen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Perez-Pouchoulen M, Jaiyesimi A, Bardhi K, Waddell J, Banerjee A. Hypothermia increases cold-inducible protein expression and improves cerebellar-dependent learning after hypoxia ischemia in the neonatal rat. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:539-546. [PMID: 36810641 PMCID: PMC10403381 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy remains a significant cause of developmental disability.1,2 The standard of care for term infants is hypothermia, which has multifactorial effects.3-5 Therapeutic hypothermia upregulates the cold-inducible protein RNA binding motif 3 (RBM3) that is highly expressed in developing and proliferative regions of the brain.6,7 The neuroprotective effects of RBM3 in adults are mediated by its ability to promote the translation of mRNAs such as reticulon 3 (RTN3).8 METHODS: Hypoxia ischemia or control procedure was conducted in Sprague Dawley rat pups on postnatal day 10 (PND10). Pups were immediately assigned to normothermia or hypothermia at the end of the hypoxia. In adulthood, cerebellum-dependent learning was tested using the conditioned eyeblink reflex. The volume of the cerebellum and the magnitude of cerebral injury were measured. A second study quantified RBM3 and RTN3 protein levels in the cerebellum and hippocampus collected during hypothermia. RESULTS Hypothermia reduced cerebral tissue loss and protected cerebellar volume. Hypothermia also improved learning of the conditioned eyeblink response. RBM3 and RTN3 protein expression were increased in the cerebellum and hippocampus of rat pups subjected to hypothermia on PND10. CONCLUSIONS Hypothermia was neuroprotective in male and female pups and reversed subtle changes in the cerebellum after hypoxic ischemic. IMPACT Hypoxic ischemic produced tissue loss and a learning deficit in the cerebellum. Hypothermia reversed both the tissue loss and learning deficit. Hypothermia increased cold-responsive protein expression in the cerebellum and hippocampus. Our results confirm cerebellar volume loss contralateral to the carotid artery ligation and injured cerebral hemisphere, suggesting crossed-cerebellar diaschisis in this model. Understanding the endogenous response to hypothermia might improve adjuvant interventions and expand the clinical utility of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayodele Jaiyesimi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keti Bardhi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaylyn Waddell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zou X, Shi Y, Zhang S, Quan J, Han J, Han S. Fluorescence-On Imaging of Reticulophagy Enabled by an Acidity-Reporting Solvatochromic Probe. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37463355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum (reticulophagy) is engaged in diverse pathological disorders. Herein, we reported sensitive imaging of reticulophagy with ER-Green-proRed, a diad combining a solvatochromic entity of trifluoromethylated naphthalimide for long-term ER tracking by green fluorescence and an entity of rhodamine-lactam fluorogenic to lysosomal acidity. Stringently accumulated in the ER to give green fluorescence, ER-Green-proRed exhibits robust red fluorescence upon codelivery with the ER subdomain into lysosomes. The relevance of turn-on red fluorescence to reticulophagy was validated by reticulophagy modulated by starvation, reticulophagic receptors, and autophagy inhibition. This imaging method was successfully employed to discern reticulophagy induced by various pharmacological agents. These results show the potential of ER-targeted pH probes, as exemplified by ER-Green-proRed, to image reticulophagy and to identify reticulophagy inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zou
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yilong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jialiang Quan
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shoufa Han
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Williams JM, Chen YJ, Cho WJ, Tai AW, Tsai B. Reticulons promote formation of ER-derived double-membrane vesicles that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 replication. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202203060. [PMID: 37093123 PMCID: PMC10130743 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202203060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent for the global COVID-19 pandemic, triggers the formation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived replication organelles, including double-membrane vesicles (DMVs), in the host cell to support viral replication. Here, we clarify how SARS-CoV-2 hijacks host factors to construct the DMVs. We show that the ER morphogenic proteins reticulon-3 (RTN3) and RTN4 help drive DMV formation, enabling viral replication, which leads to productive infection. Different SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the delta variant, use the RTN-dependent pathway to promote infection. Mechanistically, our results reveal that the membrane-embedded reticulon homology domain (RHD) of the RTNs is sufficient to functionally support viral replication and physically engage NSP3 and NSP4, two viral non-structural membrane proteins known to induce DMV formation. Our findings thus identify the ER morphogenic RTN3 and RTN4 membrane proteins as host factors that help promote the biogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced DMVs, which can act as viral replication platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Williams
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Woo Jung Cho
- Biomedical Research Core Facilities, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew W. Tai
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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50
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Shi Y, Zou X, Zheng X, Wu Y, Han J, Han S. Sensitive imaging of Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) autophagy with an acidity-reporting ER-Tracker. Autophagy 2023; 19:2015-2025. [PMID: 36625032 PMCID: PMC10283422 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2165759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagic/autophagic turnover of endoplasmic reticulum (reticulophagy) is critical for cell health. Herein we reported a sensitive fluorescence-on imaging of reticulophagy using a small molecule probe (ER-proRed) comprised of green-emissive fluorinated rhodol for ER targeting and nonfluorescent rhodamine-lactam prone to lysosome-triggered red fluorescence. Partitioned in ER to exhibit green fluorescence, ER-proRed gives intense red fluorescence upon co-delivery with ER into acidic lysosomes. Serving as the signal of reticulophagy, the turning on of red fluorescence enables discernment of reticulophagy induced by starvation, varied levels of reticulophagic receptors, and chemical agents such as etoposide and sodium butyrate. These results show ER probes optically activatable in lysosomes, such as ER-proRed, offer a sensitive and simplified tool for studying reticulophagy in biology and diseases.Abbreviations: Baf-A1, bafilomycin A1; CCCP, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; CQ, chloroquine diphosphate; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FHR, fluorinated hydrophobic rhodol; GFP, green fluorescent protein; Reticulophagy, selective autophagy of ER; RFP, red fluorescent protein; ROX, X-rhodamine; UPR, unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Yimin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shoufa Han
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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