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Craig GE, Ramos L, Essig SR, Eagles NJ, Jaffe AE, Martinowich K, Hallock HL. Stimulation of locus coeruleus inputs to the frontal cortex in mice induces cell type-specific expression of the Apoe gene. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.22.604695. [PMID: 39091890 PMCID: PMC11291023 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.604695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Deficits in attention are common across a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. A multitude of brain regions, including the frontal cortex (FC) and locus coeruleus (LC), have been implicated in attention. Regulators of these brain regions at the molecular level are not well understood, but might elucidate underlying mechanisms of disorders with attentional deficits. To probe this, we used chemogenetic stimulation of neurons in the LC with axonal projections to the FC, and subsequent bulk RNA-sequencing from the mouse FC. We found that stimulation of this circuit caused an increase in transcription of the Apoe gene. To investigate cell type-specific expression of Apoe in the FC, we used a dual-virus approach to express either the excitatory DREADD receptor hM3Dq in LC neurons with projections to the FC, or a control virus, and found that increases in Apoe expression in the FC following depolarization of LC inputs is enriched in GABAergic neurons in a sex-dependent manner. The results of these experiments yield insights into how Apoe expression affects function in cortical microcircuits that are important for attention-guided behavior, and point to interneuron-specific expression of Apoe as a potential target for the amelioration of attention symptoms in disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lizbeth Ramos
- Neuroscience Program, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 18042, USA
| | - Samuel R. Essig
- Neuroscience Program, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 18042, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Eagles
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andrew E. Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Thibeault KC, Leonard MZ, Kondev V, Emerson SD, Bethi R, Lopez AJ, Sens JP, Nabit BP, Elam HB, Winder DG, Patel S, Kiraly DD, Grueter BA, Calipari ES. A Cocaine-Activated Ensemble Exerts Increased Control Over Behavior While Decreasing in Size. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01388-X. [PMID: 38901723 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder is characterized by long-lasting changes in reward-related brain regions, such as the nucleus accumbens. Previous work has shown that cocaine exposure induces plasticity in broad, genetically defined cell types in the nucleus accumbens; however, in response to a stimulus, only a small percentage of neurons are transcriptionally active-termed an ensemble. Here, we identify an Arc-expressing neuronal ensemble that has a unique trajectory of recruitment and causally controls drug self-administration after repeated, but not acute, cocaine exposure. METHODS Using Arc-CreERT2 transgenic mice, we expressed transgenes in Arc+ ensembles activated by cocaine exposure (either acute [1 × 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally] or repeated [10 × 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally]). Using genetic, optical, and physiological recording and manipulation strategies, we assessed the contribution of these ensembles to behaviors associated with substance use disorder. RESULTS Repeated cocaine exposure reduced the size of the ensemble while simultaneously increasing its control over behavior. Neurons within the repeated cocaine ensemble were hyperexcitable, and their optogenetic excitation was sufficient for reinforcement. Finally, lesioning the repeated cocaine, but not the acute cocaine, ensemble blunted cocaine self-administration. Thus, repeated cocaine exposure reduced the size of the ensemble while simultaneously increasing its contributions to drug reinforcement. CONCLUSIONS We showed that repeated, but not acute, cocaine exposure induced a physiologically distinct ensemble characterized by the expression of the immediate early gene Arc, which was uniquely capable of modulating reinforcement behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Thibeault
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael Z Leonard
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Veronika Kondev
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Soren D Emerson
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rishik Bethi
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alberto J Lopez
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathon P Sens
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Brett P Nabit
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hannah B Elam
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Danny G Winder
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt JF Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sachin Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Brad A Grueter
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt JF Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Yang L, Liu F, Hahm H, Okuda T, Li X, Zhang Y, Kalyanaraman V, Heitmeier MR, Samineni VK. Projection-TAGs enable multiplex projection tracing and multi-modal profiling of projection neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590975. [PMID: 38712231 PMCID: PMC11071495 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell multiomic techniques have sparked immense interest in developing a comprehensive multi-modal map of diverse neuronal cell types and their brain wide projections. However, investigating the spatial organization, transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of brain wide projection neurons is hampered by the lack of efficient and easily adoptable tools. Here we introduce Projection-TAGs, a retrograde AAV platform that allows multiplex tagging of projection neurons using RNA barcodes. By using Projection-TAGs, we performed multiplex projection tracing of the mouse cortex and high-throughput single-cell profiling of the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes of the cortical projection neurons. Projection-TAGs can be leveraged to obtain a snapshot of activity-dependent recruitment of distinct projection neurons and their molecular features in the context of a specific stimulus. Given its flexibility, usability, and compatibility, we envision that Projection-TAGs can be readily applied to build a comprehensive multi-modal map of brain neuronal cell types and their projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lite Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Division of Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hannah Hahm
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Takao Okuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yufen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Monique R. Heitmeier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Vijay K. Samineni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Yang D, Wang Y, Qi T, Zhang X, Shen L, Ma J, Pang Z, Lal NK, McClatchy DB, Seradj SH, Leung VH, Wang K, Xie Y, Polli FS, Maximov A, Gonzalez OC, de Lecea L, Cline HT, Augustine V, Yates JR, Ye L. Phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase inversely associates with neuronal activity. Neuron 2024; 112:959-971.e8. [PMID: 38266644 PMCID: PMC11021214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
For decades, the expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) such as FOS has been the most widely used molecular marker representing neuronal activation. However, to date, there is no equivalent surrogate available for the decrease of neuronal activity. Here, we developed an optogenetic-based biochemical screen in which population neural activities can be controlled by light with single action potential precision, followed by unbiased phosphoproteomic profiling. We identified that the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pPDH) inversely correlated with the intensity of action potential firing in primary neurons. In in vivo mouse models, monoclonal antibody-based pPDH immunostaining detected activity decreases across the brain, which were induced by a wide range of factors including general anesthesia, chemogenetic inhibition, sensory experiences, and natural behaviors. Thus, as an inverse activity marker (IAM) in vivo, pPDH can be used together with IEGs or other cell-type markers to profile and identify bi-directional neural dynamics induced by experiences or behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tianbo Qi
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Leyao Shen
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jingrui Ma
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Pang
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Neeraj K Lal
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel B McClatchy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Saba Heydari Seradj
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Verina H Leung
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristina Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Filip S Polli
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anton Maximov
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hollis T Cline
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vineet Augustine
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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5
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Boyd JL. Moral considerability of brain organoids from the perspective of computational architecture. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 3:kvae004. [PMID: 38595940 PMCID: PMC10995847 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Human brain organoids equipped with complex cytoarchitecture and closed-loop feedback from virtual environments could provide insights into neural mechanisms underlying cognition. Yet organoids with certain cognitive capacities might also merit moral consideration. A precautionary approach has been proposed to address these ethical concerns by focusing on the epistemological question of whether organoids possess neural structures for morally-relevant capacities that bear resemblance to those found in human brains. Critics challenge this similarity approach on philosophical, scientific, and practical grounds but do so without a suitable alternative. Here, I introduce an architectural approach that infers the potential for cognitive-like processing in brain organoids based on the pattern of information flow through the system. The kind of computational architecture acquired by an organoid then informs the kind of cognitive capacities that could, theoretically, be supported and empirically investigated. The implications of this approach for the moral considerability of brain organoids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lomax Boyd
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, 1809 Ashland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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6
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Brito DVC, Kupke J, Sokolov R, Cambridge S, Both M, Bengtson CP, Rozov A, Oliveira AMM. Biphasic Npas4 expression promotes inhibitory plasticity and suppression of fear memory consolidation in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02454-3. [PMID: 38347124 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Long-term memories are believed to be encoded by unique transcriptional signatures in the brain. The expression of immediate early genes (IEG) promotes structural and molecular changes required for memory consolidation. Recent evidence has shown that the brain is equipped with mechanisms that not only promote, but actively constrict memory formation. However, it remains unknown whether IEG expression may play a role in memory suppression. Here we uncovered a novel function of the IEG neuronal PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4), as an inducible memory suppressor gene of highly salient aversive experiences. Using a contextual fear conditioning paradigm, we found that low stimulus salience leads to monophasic Npas4 expression, while highly salient learning induces a biphasic expression of Npas4 in the hippocampus. The later phase requires N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity and is independent of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Our in vivo pharmacological and genetic manipulation experiments suggested that the later phase of Npas4 expression restricts the consolidation of a fear memory and promote behavioral flexibility, by facilitating fear extinction and the contextual specificity of fear responses. Moreover, immunofluorescence and electrophysiological analysis revealed a concomitant increase in synaptic input from cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing interneurons. Our results demonstrate how salient experiences evoke unique temporal patterns of IEG expression that fine-tune memory consolidation. Moreover, our study provides evidence for inducible gene expression associated with memory suppression as a possible mechanism to balance the consolidation of highly salient memories, and thereby to evade the formation of maladaptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V C Brito
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- ABC-RI, Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Janina Kupke
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Rostilav Sokolov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology, 117513, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy Novgorod, Nizhny, Novgorod, Russia
| | - Sidney Cambridge
- Anatomy II, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Both
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Peter Bengtson
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrei Rozov
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology, 117513, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- OpenLab of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ana M M Oliveira
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Cognition Research, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
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7
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The mouse brain after foot shock in four dimensions: Temporal dynamics at a single-cell resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2114002119. [PMID: 35181604 PMCID: PMC8872757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114002119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute stress involves the majority of brain areas, which can be sequentially organized in functional brain networks as shown by our study with foot shock in mice. We used whole-brain microscopy to investigate different spatial resolutions over time. From mesoscale region–based analyses, we identified the order of activation of brain areas. With single-cell analyses, we analyzed shifts in activation over time within small nuclei—a result impossible to achieve with functional MRI’s resolution. These findings required the development of a four-dimensional (4D) analytical pipeline, which is made available as an R package. This “atlas” of foot shock can be visualized in 4D in our interactive web portal. Acute stress leads to sequential activation of functional brain networks. A biologically relevant question is exactly which (single) cells belonging to brain networks are changed in activity over time after acute stress across the entire brain. We developed a preprocessing and analytical pipeline to chart whole-brain immediate early genes’ expression—as proxy for cellular activity—after a single stressful foot shock in four dimensions: that is, from functional networks up to three-dimensional (3D) single-cell resolution and over time. The pipeline is available as an R package. Most brain areas (96%) showed increased numbers of c-fos+ cells after foot shock, yet hypothalamic areas stood out as being most active and prompt in their activation, followed by amygdalar, prefrontal, hippocampal, and finally, thalamic areas. At the cellular level, c-fos+ density clearly shifted over time across subareas, as illustrated for the basolateral amygdala. Moreover, some brain areas showed increased numbers of c-fos+ cells, while others—like the dentate gyrus—dramatically increased c-fos intensity in just a subset of cells, reminiscent of engrams; importantly, this “strategy” changed after foot shock in half of the brain areas. One of the strengths of our approach is that single-cell data were simultaneously examined across all of the 90 brain areas and can be visualized in 3D in our interactive web portal.
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8
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Traniello IM, Robinson GE. Neural and Molecular Mechanisms of Biological Embedding of Social Interactions. Annu Rev Neurosci 2021; 44:109-128. [PMID: 34236891 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-092820-012959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Animals operate in complex environments, and salient social information is encoded in the nervous system and then processed to initiate adaptive behavior. This encoding involves biological embedding, the process by which social experience affects the brain to influence future behavior. Biological embedding is an important conceptual framework for understanding social decision-making in the brain, as it encompasses multiple levels of organization that regulate how information is encoded and used to modify behavior. The framework we emphasize here is that social stimuli provoke short-term changes in neural activity that lead to changes in gene expression on longer timescales. This process, simplified-neurons are for today and genes are for tomorrow-enables the assessment of the valence of a social interaction, an appropriate and rapid response, and subsequent modification of neural circuitry to change future behavioral inclinations in anticipation of environmental changes. We review recent research on the neural and molecular basis of biological embedding in the context of social interactions, with a special focus on the honeybee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Traniello
- Neuroscience Program and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA;
| | - Gene E Robinson
- Neuroscience Program and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA; .,Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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9
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Mukherjee D, Gonzales BJ, Ashwal-Fluss R, Turm H, Groysman M, Citri A. Egr2 induction in spiny projection neurons of the ventrolateral striatum contributes to cocaine place preference in mice. eLife 2021; 10:65228. [PMID: 33724178 PMCID: PMC8057818 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction develops due to brain-wide plasticity within neuronal ensembles, mediated by dynamic gene expression. Though the most common approach to identify such ensembles relies on immediate early gene expression, little is known of how the activity of these genes is linked to modified behavior observed following repeated drug exposure. To address this gap, we present a broad-to-specific approach, beginning with a comprehensive investigation of brain-wide cocaine-driven gene expression, through the description of dynamic spatial patterns of gene induction in subregions of the striatum, and finally address functionality of region-specific gene induction in the development of cocaine preference. Our findings reveal differential cell-type specific dynamic transcriptional recruitment patterns within two subdomains of the dorsal striatum following repeated cocaine exposure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that induction of the IEG Egr2 in the ventrolateral striatum, as well as the cells within which it is expressed, are required for the development of cocaine seeking. The human brain is ever changing, constantly rewiring itself in response to new experiences, knowledge or information from the environment. Addictive drugs such as cocaine can hijack the genetic mechanisms responsible for this plasticity, creating dangerous, obsessive drug-seeking and consuming behaviors. Cocaine-induced plasticity is difficult to apprehend, however, as brain regions or even cell populations can react differently to the compound. For instance, sub-regions in the striatum – the brain area that responds to rewards and helps to plan movement – show distinct responses during progressive exposure to cocaine. And while researchers know that the drug immediately changes how neurons switch certain genes on and off, it is still unclear how these genetic modifications later affect behavior. Mukherjee, Gonzales et al. explored these questions at different scales, first focusing on how progressive cocaine exposure changed the way various gene programs were activated across the entire brain. This revealed that programs in the striatum were the most affected by the drug. Examining this region more closely showed that cocaine switches on genes in specific ‘spiny projection’ neuron populations, depending on where these cells are located and the drug history of the mouse. Finally, Mukherjee, Gonzales et al. used genetically modified mice to piece together cocaine exposure, genetic changes and modifications in behavior. These experiments revealed that the drive to seek cocaine depended on activation of the Egr2 gene in populations of spiny projection neurons in a specific sub-region of the striatum. The gene, which codes for a protein that regulates how genes are switched on and off, was itself strongly activated by cocaine intake. Cocaine addiction can have devastating consequences for individuals. Grasping how this drug alters the brain could pave the way for new treatments, while also providing information on the basic mechanisms underlying brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptendu Mukherjee
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ben Jerry Gonzales
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reut Ashwal-Fluss
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Turm
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maya Groysman
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ami Citri
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.,Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Program in Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, MaRS Centre, Toronto, Canada
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10
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HUZARD D, RAPPENEAU V, MEIJER OC, TOUMA C, ARANGO-LIEVANO M, GARABEDIAN MJ, JEANNETEAU F. Experience and activity-dependent control of glucocorticoid receptors during the stress response in large-scale brain networks. Stress 2021; 24:130-153. [PMID: 32755268 PMCID: PMC7907260 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1806226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of actions of the glucocorticoid stress hormones among individuals and within organs, tissues and cells is shaped by age, gender, genetics, metabolism, and the quantity of exposure. However, such factors cannot explain the heterogeneity of responses in the brain within cells of the same lineage, or similar tissue environment, or in the same individual. Here, we argue that the stress response is continuously updated by synchronized neural activity on large-scale brain networks. This occurs at the molecular, cellular and behavioral levels by crosstalk communication between activity-dependent and glucocorticoid signaling pathways, which updates the diversity of responses based on prior experience. Such a Bayesian process determines adaptation to the demands of the body and external world. We propose a framework for understanding how the diversity of glucocorticoid actions throughout brain networks is essential for supporting optimal health, while its disruption may contribute to the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders, such as major depression, and resistance to therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien HUZARD
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie RAPPENEAU
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Onno C. MEIJER
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Chadi TOUMA
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Margarita ARANGO-LIEVANO
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Freddy JEANNETEAU
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
- Corresponding author:
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11
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Jones BM, Rao VD, Gernat T, Jagla T, Cash-Ahmed AC, Rubin BER, Comi TJ, Bhogale S, Husain SS, Blatti C, Middendorf M, Sinha S, Chandrasekaran S, Robinson GE. Individual differences in honey bee behavior enabled by plasticity in brain gene regulatory networks. eLife 2020; 9:e62850. [PMID: 33350385 PMCID: PMC7755388 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory architecture of phenotypic variation is a fundamental goal in biology, but connections between gene regulatory network (GRN) activity and individual differences in behavior are poorly understood. We characterized the molecular basis of behavioral plasticity in queenless honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies, where individuals engage in both reproductive and non-reproductive behaviors. Using high-throughput behavioral tracking, we discovered these colonies contain a continuum of phenotypes, with some individuals specialized for either egg-laying or foraging and 'generalists' that perform both. Brain gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiles were correlated with behavioral variation, with generalists intermediate in behavior and molecular profiles. Models of brain GRNs constructed for individuals revealed that transcription factor (TF) activity was highly predictive of behavior, and behavior-associated regulatory regions had more TF motifs. These results provide new insights into the important role played by brain GRN plasticity in the regulation of behavior, with implications for social evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beryl M Jones
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Vikyath D Rao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Tim Gernat
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
- Swarm Intelligence and Complex Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Tobias Jagla
- Swarm Intelligence and Complex Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Amy C Cash-Ahmed
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Benjamin ER Rubin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Troy J Comi
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Shounak Bhogale
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Syed S Husain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Charles Blatti
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Martin Middendorf
- Swarm Intelligence and Complex Systems Group, Department of Computer Science, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Sriram Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Gene E Robinson
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana–ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
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12
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Sullivan KE, Kendrick RM, Cembrowski MS. Elucidating memory in the brain via single-cell transcriptomics. J Neurochem 2020; 157:982-992. [PMID: 33230878 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the neural mechanisms of memory in the brain is a central goal of neuroscience. Here, we discuss modern-day transcriptomics methodologies, and how they are well-poised to revolutionize our insight into memory mechanisms at unprecedented resolution and throughput. Focusing on the hippocampus and amygdala, two regions extensively examined in memory research, we show how single-cell transcriptomics technologies have been leveraged to understand the naïve state of these brain regions. Building upon this foundation, we show that these technologies can be applied to single-trial learning paradigms to comprehensively identify molecules and cells that participate in the encoding and retrieval of memory. Transcriptomics also provides an opportunity to understand the cell-type organization of the human hippocampus and amygdala, and due to conservation of these brain regions between humans and rodents, to infer behavioral and causal contributions in the human brain by leveraging rodent cell-type homologies and interventions. Ultimately, such transcriptomic technologies are poised to usher in a qualitatively novel understanding of memory in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E Sullivan
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rennie M Kendrick
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark S Cembrowski
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Institute of Applied Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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13
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Hallock HL, Quillian HM, Maynard KR, Mai Y, Chen HY, Hamersky GR, Shin JH, Maher BJ, Jaffe AE, Martinowich K. Molecularly Defined Hippocampal Inputs Regulate Population Dynamics in the Prelimbic Cortex to Suppress Context Fear Memory Retrieval. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:554-565. [PMID: 32560963 PMCID: PMC7487039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Context fear memory dysregulation is a hallmark symptom of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. The hippocampus (HC) and prelimbic (PrL) subregion of the medial prefrontal cortex have been linked with context fear memory retrieval in rodents, but the mechanisms by which HC-PrL circuitry regulates this process remain poorly understood. METHODS Spatial and genetic targeting of HC-PrL circuitry was used for RNA sequencing (n = 31), chemogenetic stimulation (n = 44), in vivo calcium imaging (n = 20), ex vivo electrophysiology (n = 8), and molecular regulation of plasticity cascades during fear behavior (context fear retrieval) (n = 16). RESULTS We showed that ventral HC (vHC) neurons with projections to the PrL cortex (vHC-PrL projectors) are a transcriptomically distinct subpopulation compared with adjacent nonprojecting neurons, and we showed complementary enrichment for diverse neuronal processes and central nervous system-related clinical gene sets. We further showed that stimulation of this population of vHC-PrL projectors suppresses context fear memory retrieval and impairs the ability of PrL neurons to dynamically distinguish between distinct phases of fear learning. Using transgenic and circuit-specific molecular targeting approaches, we demonstrated that unique patterns of activity-dependent gene transcription associated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling within vHC-PrL projectors causally regulated activity in excitatory and inhibitory PrL neurons during context fear memory retrieval. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data show that activity-dependent brain-derived neurotrophic factor release from molecularly distinct vHC-PrL projection neurons modulates postsynaptic signaling in both inhibitory and excitatory PrL neurons, modifying activity in discrete populations of PrL neurons to suppress freezing during context fear memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yishan Mai
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD
| | - Huei-Ying Chen
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Joo Heon Shin
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brady J. Maher
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD,Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew E. Jaffe
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD,Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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14
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Sinha S, Jones BM, Traniello IM, Bukhari SA, Halfon MS, Hofmann HA, Huang S, Katz PS, Keagy J, Lynch VJ, Sokolowski MB, Stubbs LJ, Tabe-Bordbar S, Wolfner MF, Robinson GE. Behavior-related gene regulatory networks: A new level of organization in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23270-23279. [PMID: 32661177 PMCID: PMC7519311 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921625117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal networks are the standard heuristic model today for describing brain activity associated with animal behavior. Recent studies have revealed an extensive role for a completely distinct layer of networked activities in the brain-the gene regulatory network (GRN)-that orchestrates expression levels of hundreds to thousands of genes in a behavior-related manner. We examine emerging insights into the relationships between these two types of networks and discuss their interplay in spatial as well as temporal dimensions, across multiple scales of organization. We discuss properties expected of behavior-related GRNs by drawing inspiration from the rich literature on GRNs related to animal development, comparing and contrasting these two broad classes of GRNs as they relate to their respective phenotypic manifestations. Developmental GRNs also represent a third layer of network biology, playing out over a third timescale, which is believed to play a crucial mediatory role between neuronal networks and behavioral GRNs. We end with a special emphasis on social behavior, discuss whether unique GRN organization and cis-regulatory architecture underlies this special class of behavior, and review literature that suggests an affirmative answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Sinha
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801;
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Beryl M Jones
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Ian M Traniello
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Syed A Bukhari
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
- Informatics Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61820
| | - Marc S Halfon
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Hans A Hofmann
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Sui Huang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Paul S Katz
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Jason Keagy
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Vincent J Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Marla B Sokolowski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
- Program in Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Lisa J Stubbs
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Shayan Tabe-Bordbar
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Mariana F Wolfner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Gene E Robinson
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801;
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
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15
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Claustral Neurons Projecting to Frontal Cortex Mediate Contextual Association of Reward. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3522-3532.e6. [PMID: 32707061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The claustrum is a small nucleus, exhibiting vast reciprocal connectivity with cortical, subcortical, and midbrain regions. Recent studies, including ours, implicate the claustrum in salience detection and attention. In the current study, we develop an iterative functional investigation of the claustrum, guided by quantitative spatial transcriptional analysis. Using this approach, we identify a circuit involving dopamine-receptor expressing claustral neurons projecting to frontal cortex necessary for context association of reward. We describe the recruitment of claustral neurons by cocaine and their role in drug sensitization. In order to characterize the circuit within which these neurons are embedded, we apply chemo- and opto-genetic manipulation of increasingly specified claustral subpopulations. This strategy resolves the role of a defined network of claustrum neurons expressing dopamine D1 receptors and projecting to frontal cortex in the acquisition of cocaine conditioned-place preference and real-time optogenetic conditioned-place preference. In sum, our results suggest a role for a claustrum-to-frontal cortex circuit in the attribution of incentive salience, allocating attention to reward-related contextual cues.
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16
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Heinz DA, Bloodgood BL. Mechanisms that communicate features of neuronal activity to the genome. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 63:131-136. [PMID: 32416470 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-driven gene expression is a ubiquitous feature of biological systems, allowing cells and organisms to adapt their function in a stimulus-driven manner. Neurons exhibit complex and heterogeneous activity-dependent gene expression, but many of the canonical mechanisms that transduce electrical activity into gene regulation are promiscuous and convergent. We discuss literature that describes mechanisms that drive activity-dependent gene expression with a focus on those that allow the nucleus to decode complex stimulus-features into appropriate transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Heinz
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Brenda L Bloodgood
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
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17
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Schartl M, Kneitz S, Volkoff H, Adolfi M, Schmidt C, Fischer P, Minx P, Tomlinson C, Meyer A, Warren WC. The Piranha Genome Provides Molecular Insight Associated to Its Unique Feeding Behavior. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:2099-2106. [PMID: 31282935 PMCID: PMC6681833 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The piranha enjoys notoriety due to its infamous predatory behavior but much is still not understood about its evolutionary origins and the underlying molecular mechanisms for its unusual feeding biology. We sequenced and assembled the red-bellied piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri) genome to aid future phenotypic and genetic investigations. The assembled draft genome is similar to other related fishes in repeat composition and gene count. Our evaluation of genes under positive selection suggests candidates for adaptations of piranhas’ feeding behavior in neural functions, behavior, and regulation of energy metabolism. In the fasted brain, we find genes differentially expressed that are involved in lipid metabolism and appetite regulation as well as genes that may control the aggression/boldness behavior of hungry piranhas. Our first analysis of the piranha genome offers new insight and resources for the study of piranha biology and for feeding motivation and starvation in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Schartl
- Physiologische Chemie, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, Germany.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University.,Department of Biology, Texas A&M University
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Physiologische Chemie, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helene Volkoff
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
| | - Mateus Adolfi
- Physiologische Chemie, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schmidt
- Physiologische Chemie, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Fischer
- Physiologische Chemie, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Minx
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Chad Tomlinson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Axel Meyer
- Chair in Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Wesley C Warren
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine.,Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri
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18
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Vassilev P, Avvisati R, Koya E, Badiani A. Distinct Populations of Neurons Activated by Heroin and Cocaine in the Striatum as Assessed by catFISH. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0394-19.2019. [PMID: 31937522 PMCID: PMC7005257 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0394-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the still prevailing notion of a shared substrate of action for all addictive drugs, there is evidence suggesting that opioid and psychostimulant drugs differ substantially in terms of their neurobiological and behavioral effects. These differences may reflect separate neural circuits engaged by the two drugs. Here we used the catFISH (cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescence in situ hybridization) technique to investigate the degree of overlap between neurons engaged by heroin versus cocaine in adult male Sprague Dawley rats. The catFISH technique is a within-subject procedure that takes advantage of the different transcriptional time course of the immediate-early genes homer 1a and arc to determine to what extent two stimuli separated by an interval of 25 min engage the same neuronal population. We found that throughout the striatal complex the neuronal populations activated by noncontingent intravenous injections of cocaine (800 μg/kg) and heroin (100 and 200 μg/kg), administered at an interval of 25 min from each other, overlapped to a much lesser extent than in the case of two injections of cocaine (800 μg/kg), also 25 min apart. The greatest reduction in overlap between populations activated by cocaine and heroin was in the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum (∼30% and ∼22%, respectively, of the overlap observed for the sequence cocaine-cocaine). Our results point toward a significant separation between neuronal populations activated by heroin and cocaine in the striatal complex. We propose that our findings are a proof of concept that these two drugs are encoded differently in a brain area believed to be a common neurobiological substrate to drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Vassilev
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Avvisati
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Eisuke Koya
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Aldo Badiani
- Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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19
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Rienecker KDA, Poston RG, Saha RN. Merits and Limitations of Studying Neuronal Depolarization-Dependent Processes Using Elevated External Potassium. ASN Neuro 2020; 12:1759091420974807. [PMID: 33256465 PMCID: PMC7711227 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420974807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated extracellular potassium chloride is widely used to achieve membrane depolarization of cultured neurons. This technique has illuminated mechanisms of calcium influx through L-type voltage sensitive calcium channels, activity-regulated signaling, downstream transcriptional events, and many other intracellular responses to depolarization. However, there is enormous variability in these treatments, including durations from seconds to days and concentrations from 3mM to 150 mM KCl. Differential effects of these variable protocols on neuronal activity and transcriptional programs are underexplored. Furthermore, potassium chloride treatments in vitro are criticized for being poor representatives of in vivo phenomena and are questioned for their effects on cell viability. In this review, we discuss the intracellular consequences of elevated extracellular potassium chloride treatment in vitro, the variability of such treatments in the literature, the strengths and limitations of this tool, and relevance of these studies to brain functions and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira D. A. Rienecker
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology,
School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United
States
| | - Robert G. Poston
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology,
School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United
States
| | - Ramendra N. Saha
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology,
School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, United
States
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20
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Tyssowski KM, Gray JM. The neuronal stimulation-transcription coupling map. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 59:87-94. [PMID: 31163285 PMCID: PMC6885097 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurons transcribe different genes in response to different extracellular stimuli, and these genes regulate neuronal plasticity. Thus, understanding how different stimuli regulate different stimulus-dependent gene modules would deepen our understanding of plasticity. To systematically dissect the coupling between stimulation and transcription, we propose creating a 'stimulation-transcription coupling map' that describes the transcription response to each possible extracellular stimulus. While we are currently far from having a complete map, recent genomic experiments have begun to facilitate its creation. Here, we describe the current state of the stimulation-transcription coupling map as well as the transcriptional regulation that enables this coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Tyssowski
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jesse M Gray
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, 77 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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21
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Subregion-specific rules govern the distribution of neuronal immediate-early gene induction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:23304-23310. [PMID: 31636216 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913658116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of immediate-early gene (IEG) expression in brain nuclei in response to an experience is necessary for the formation of long-term memories. Additionally, the rapid dynamics of IEG induction and decay motivates the common use of IEG expression as markers for identification of neuronal assemblies ("ensembles") encoding recent experience. However, major gaps remain in understanding the rules governing the distribution of IEGs within neuronal assemblies. Thus, the extent of correlation between coexpressed IEGs, the cell specificity of IEG expression, and the spatial distribution of IEG expression have not been comprehensively studied. To address these gaps, we utilized quantitative multiplexed single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) and measured the expression of IEGs (Arc, Egr2, and Nr4a1) within spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in the dorsal striatum of mice following acute exposure to cocaine. Exploring the relevance of our observations to other brain structures and stimuli, we also analyzed data from a study of single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse cortical neurons. We found that while IEG expression is graded, the expression of multiple IEGs is tightly correlated at the level of individual neurons. Interestingly, we observed that region-specific rules govern the induction of IEGs in SPN subtypes within striatal subdomains. We further observed that IEG-expressing assemblies form spatially defined clusters within which the extent of IEG expression correlates with cluster size. Together, our results suggest the existence of IEG-expressing neuronal "superensembles," which are associated in spatial clusters and characterized by coherent and robust expression of multiple IEGs.
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22
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Traniello IM, Chen Z, Bagchi VA, Robinson GE. Valence of social information is encoded in different subpopulations of mushroom body Kenyon cells in the honeybee brain. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190901. [PMID: 31506059 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 600 Myr of evolutionary divergence between vertebrates and invertebrates is associated with considerable neuroanatomical variation both across and within these lineages. By contrast, valence encoding is an important behavioural trait that is evolutionarily conserved across vertebrates and invertebrates, and enables individuals to distinguish between positive (potentially beneficial) and negative (potentially harmful) situations. We tested the hypothesis that social interactions of positive and negative valence are modularly encoded in the honeybee brain (i.e. encoded in different cellular subpopulations) as in vertebrate brains. In vertebrates, neural activation patterns are distributed across distinct parts of the brain, suggesting that discrete circuits encode positive or negative stimuli. Evidence for this hypothesis would suggest a deep homology of neural organization between insects and vertebrates for valence encoding, despite vastly different brain sizes. Alternatively, overlapping localization of valenced social information in the brain would imply a 're-use' of circuitry in response to positive and negative social contexts, potentially to overcome the energetic constraints of a tiny brain. We used immediate early gene expression to map positively and negatively valenced social interactions in the brain of the western honeybee Apis mellifera. We found that the valence of a social signal is represented by distinct anatomical subregions of the mushroom bodies, an invertebrate sensory neuropil associated with social behaviour, multimodal sensory integration, learning and memory. Our results suggest that the modularization of valenced social information in the brain is a fundamental property of neuroanatomical organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Traniello
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhenqing Chen
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Vikram A Bagchi
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gene E Robinson
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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23
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The role of the genome in experience-dependent plasticity: Extending the analogy of the genomic action potential. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:23252-23260. [PMID: 31127037 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820837116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our past experiences shape our current and future behavior. These experiences must leave some enduring imprint on our brains, altering neural circuits that mediate behavior and contributing to our individual differences. As a framework for understanding how experiences might produce lasting changes in neural circuits, Clayton [D. F. Clayton, Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 74, 185-216 (2000)] introduced the concept of the genomic action potential (gAP)-a structured genomic response in the brain to acute experience. Similar to the familiar electrophysiological action potential (eAP), the gAP also provides a means for integrating afferent patterns of activity but on a slower timescale and with longer-lasting effects. We revisit this concept in light of contemporary work on experience-dependent modification of neural circuits. We review the "Immediate Early Gene" (IEG) response, the starting point for understanding the gAP. We discuss evidence for its involvement in the encoding of experience to long-term memory across time and biological levels of organization ranging from individual cells to cell ensembles and whole organisms. We explore distinctions between memory encoding and homeostatic functions and consider the potential for perpetuation of the imprint of experience through epigenetic mechanisms. We describe a specific example of a gAP in humans linked to individual differences in the response to stress. Finally, we identify key objectives and new tools for continuing research in this area.
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24
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Abstract
Our social environment, from the microscopic to the macro-social, affects us for the entirety of our lives. One integral line of research to examine how interpersonal and societal environments can get "under the skin" is through the lens of epigenetics. Epigenetic mechanisms are adaptations made to our genome in response to our environment which include tags placed on and removed from the DNA itself to how our DNA is packaged, affecting how our genes are read, transcribed, and interact. These tags are affected by social environments and can persist over time; this may aid us in responding to experiences and exposures, both the enriched and the disadvantageous. From memory formation to immune function, the experience-dependent plasticity of epigenetic modifications to micro- and macro-social environments may contribute to the process of learning from comfort, pain, and stress to better survive in whatever circumstances life has in store.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Merrill
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicole Gladish
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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25
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Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying emotional valence are at the interface between perception and action, integrating inputs from the external environment with past experiences to guide the behavior of an organism. Depending on the positive or negative valence assigned to an environmental stimulus, the organism will approach or avoid the source of the stimulus. Multiple convergent studies have demonstrated that the amygdala complex is a critical node of the circuits assigning valence. Here we examine the current progress in identifying valence coding properties of neural populations in different nuclei of the amygdala, based on their activity, connectivity, and gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pignatelli
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA
| | - Anna Beyeler
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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26
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Tye KM. Neural Circuit Motifs in Valence Processing. Neuron 2018; 100:436-452. [PMID: 30359607 PMCID: PMC6590698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
How do our brains determine whether something is good or bad? How is this computational goal implemented in biological systems? Given the critical importance of valence processing for survival, the brain has evolved multiple strategies to solve this problem at different levels. The psychological concept of "emotional valence" is now beginning to find grounding in neuroscience. This review aims to bridge the gap between psychology and neuroscience on the topic of emotional valence processing. Here, I highlight a subset of studies that exemplify circuit motifs that repeatedly appear as implementational systems in valence processing. The motifs I identify as being important in valence processing include (1) Labeled Lines, (2) Divergent Paths, (3) Opposing Components, and (4) Neuromodulatory Gain. Importantly, the functionality of neural substrates in valence processing is dynamic, context-dependent, and changing across short and long timescales due to synaptic plasticity, competing mechanisms, and homeostatic need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay M Tye
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Dept of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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27
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Atlan G, Terem A, Peretz-Rivlin N, Sehrawat K, Gonzales BJ, Pozner G, Tasaka GI, Goll Y, Refaeli R, Zviran O, Lim BK, Groysman M, Goshen I, Mizrahi A, Nelken I, Citri A. The Claustrum Supports Resilience to Distraction. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2752-2762.e7. [PMID: 30122531 PMCID: PMC6485402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A barrage of information constantly assaults our senses, of which only a fraction is relevant at any given point in time. However, the neural circuitry supporting the suppression of irrelevant sensory distractors is not completely understood. The claustrum, a circuit hub with vast cortical connectivity, is an intriguing brain structure, whose restrictive anatomy, thin and elongated, has precluded functional investigation. Here, we describe the use of Egr2-CRE mice to access genetically defined claustral neurons. Utilizing conditional viruses for anterograde axonal labeling and retrograde trans-synaptic tracing, we validated this transgenic model for accessing the claustrum and extended the known repertoire of claustral input/output connectivity. Addressing the function of the claustrum, we inactivated CLEgr2+ neurons, chronically as well as acutely, in mice performing an automated two-alternative forced-choice behavioral task. Strikingly, inhibition of CLEgr2+ neurons did not significantly impact task performance under varying delay times and cue durations, but revealed a selective role for the claustrum in supporting performance in the presence of an irrelevant auditory distractor. Further investigation of behavior, in the naturalistic maternal pup-retrieval task, replicated the result of sensitization to an auditory distractor following inhibition of CLEgr2+ neurons. Initiating investigation into the underlying mechanism, we found that activation of CLEgr2+ neurons modulated cortical sensory processing, suppressing tone representation in the auditory cortex. This functional study, utilizing selective genetic access, implicates the claustrum in supporting resilience to distraction, a fundamental aspect of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Atlan
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Terem
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | | | - Kamini Sehrawat
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ben Jerry Gonzales
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Guy Pozner
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Gen-Ichi Tasaka
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Goll
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ron Refaeli
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ori Zviran
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Byung Kook Lim
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maya Groysman
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Inbal Goshen
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Mizrahi
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel; Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Israel Nelken
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel; Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ami Citri
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel; Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Program in Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, MaRS Centre, West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Suite 505, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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28
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Shpigler HY, Saul MC, Murdoch EE, Corona F, Cash-Ahmed AC, Seward CH, Chandrasekaran S, Stubbs LJ, Robinson GE. Honey bee neurogenomic responses to affiliative and agonistic social interactions. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 18:e12509. [PMID: 30094933 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Social interactions can be divided into two categories, affiliative and agonistic. How neurogenomic responses reflect these opposing valences is a central question in the biological embedding of experience. To address this question, we exposed honey bees to a queen larva, which evokes nursing, an affiliative alloparenting interaction, and measured the transcriptomic response of the mushroom body brain region at different times after exposure. Hundreds of genes were differentially expressed at distinct time points, revealing a dynamic temporal patterning of the response. Comparing these results to our previously published research on agonistic aggressive interactions, we found both shared and unique transcriptomic responses to each interaction. The commonly responding gene set was enriched for nuclear receptor signaling, the set specific to nursing was enriched for olfaction and neuron differentiation, and the set enriched for aggression was enriched for cytoskeleton, metabolism, and chromosome organization. Whole brain histone profiling after the affiliative interaction revealed few changes in chromatin accessibility, suggesting that the transcriptomic changes derive from already accessible areas of the genome. Although only one stimulus of each type was studied, we suggest that elements of the observed transcriptomic responses reflect molecular encoding of stimulus valence, thus priming individuals for future encounters. This hypothesis is supported by behavioral analyses showing that bees responding to either the affiliative or agonistic stimulus exhibited a higher probability of repeating the same behavior but a lower probability of performing the opposite behavior. These findings add to our understanding of the biological embedding at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Y Shpigler
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois
| | - Michael C Saul
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois
| | - Emma E Murdoch
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois
| | - Frida Corona
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois
| | - Amy C Cash-Ahmed
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois
| | - Christopher H Seward
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UIUC, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Lisa J Stubbs
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UIUC, Urbana, Illinois.,Neuroscience Program, UIUC, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Gene E Robinson
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, Illinois.,Neuroscience Program, UIUC, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Entomology, UIUC, Urbana, Illinois
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29
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Lewis S. Key codes. Nat Rev Neurosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2018.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Abstract
Memorable positive and negative experiences produce different profiles of gene expression in brain areas associated with long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sagar
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Thorsten Kahnt
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States.,Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Evanston, United States
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