1
|
Abraham E, Volmert B, Roule T, Huang L, Yu J, Williams AE, Cohen HM, Douglas A, Megill E, Morris A, Stronati E, Fueyo R, Zubillaga M, Elrod JW, Akizu N, Aguirre A, Estaras C. A Retinoic Acid:YAP1 signaling axis controls atrial lineage commitment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.11.602981. [PMID: 39026825 PMCID: PMC11257518 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.11.602981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin A/Retinoic Acid (Vit A/RA) signaling is essential for heart development. In cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), RA signaling induces the expression of atrial lineage genes while repressing ventricular genes, thereby promoting the acquisition of an atrial cardiomyocyte cell fate. To achieve this, RA coordinates a complex regulatory network of downstream effectors that is not fully identified. To address this gap, we applied a functional genomics approach (i.e scRNAseq and snATACseq) to untreated and RA-treated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived CPCs. Unbiased analysis revealed that the Hippo effectors YAP1 and TEAD4 are integrated with the atrial transcription factor enhancer network, and that YAP1 is necessary for activation of RA-enhancers in CPCs. Furthermore, in vivo analysis of control and conditionally YAP1 KO mouse embryos (Sox2-cre) revealed that the expression of atrial lineage genes, such as NR2F2, is compromised by YAP1 deletion in the CPCs of the second heart field. Accordingly, we found that YAP1 is required for the formation of an atrial chamber but is dispensable for the formation of a ventricle, in hESC-derived patterned cardiac organoids. Overall, our findings revealed that YAP1 is a non-canonical effector of RA signaling essential for the acquisition of atrial lineages during cardiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Abraham
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brett Volmert
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Roule
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Huang
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - April E Williams
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henry M Cohen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aidan Douglas
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Megill
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex Morris
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eleonora Stronati
- Department of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel Fueyo
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mikel Zubillaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naiara Akizu
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Conchi Estaras
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coppola U, Kenney J, Waxman JS. A Foxf1-Wnt-Nr2f1 cascade promotes atrial cardiomyocyte differentiation in zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.13.584759. [PMID: 38558972 PMCID: PMC10980076 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.13.584759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Nr2f transcription factors (TFs) are conserved regulators of vertebrate atrial cardiomyocyte (AC) differentiation. However, little is known about the mechanisms directing Nr2f expression in ACs. Here, we identified a conserved enhancer 3' to the nr2f1a locus, which we call 3'reg1-nr2f1a (3'reg1), that can promote Nr2f1a expression in ACs. Sequence analysis of the enhancer identified putative Lef/Tcf and Foxf TF binding sites. Mutation of the Lef/Tcf sites within the 3'reg1 reporter, knockdown of Tcf7l1a, and manipulation of canonical Wnt signaling support that Tcf7l1a is derepressed via Wnt signaling to activate the transgenic enhancer and promote AC differentiation. Similarly, mutation of the Foxf binding sites in the 3'reg1 reporter, coupled with gain- and loss-of-function analysis supported that Foxf1 promotes expression of the enhancer and AC differentiation. Functionally, we find that Wnt signaling acts downstream of Foxf1 to promote expression of the 3'reg1 reporter within ACs and, importantly, both Foxf1 and Wnt signaling require Nr2f1a to promote a surplus of differentiated ACs. CRISPR-mediated deletion of the endogenous 3'reg1 abrogates the ability of Foxf1 and Wnt signaling to produce surplus ACs in zebrafish embryos. Together, our data support that downstream members of a conserved regulatory network involving Wnt signaling and Foxf1 function on a nr2f1a enhancer to promote AC differentiation in the zebrafish heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Coppola
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jennifer Kenney
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joshua S. Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Developmental Biology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nakano H, Nakano A. The role of metabolism in cardiac development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:201-243. [PMID: 38556424 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Metabolism is the fundamental process that sustains life. The heart, in particular, is an organ of high energy demand, and its energy substrates have been studied for more than a century. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in understanding the role of metabolism in the early differentiation of pluripotent stem cells and in cancer research. Studies have revealed that metabolic intermediates from glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle act as co-factors for intracellular signal transduction, playing crucial roles in regulating cell behaviors. Mitochondria, as the central hub of metabolism, are also under intensive investigation regarding the regulation of their dynamics. The metabolic environment of the fetus is intricately linked to the maternal metabolic status, and the impact of the mother's nutrition and metabolic health on fetal development is significant. For instance, it is well known that maternal diabetes increases the risk of cardiac and nervous system malformations in the fetus. Another notable example is the decrease in the risk of neural tube defects when pregnant women are supplemented with folic acid. These examples highlight the profound influence of the maternal metabolic environment on the fetal organ development program. Therefore, gaining insights into the metabolic environment within developing fetal organs is critical for deepening our understanding of normal organ development. This review aims to summarize recent findings that build upon the historical recognition of the environmental and metabolic factors involved in the developing embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shafi O, Siddiqui G, Jaffry HA. The benign nature and rare occurrence of cardiac myxoma as a possible consequence of the limited cardiac proliferative/ regenerative potential: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1245. [PMID: 38110859 PMCID: PMC10726542 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac Myxoma is a primary tumor of heart. Its origins, rarity of the occurrence of primary cardiac tumors and how it may be related to limited cardiac regenerative potential, are not yet entirely known. This study investigates the key cardiac genes/ transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways to understand these important questions. METHODS Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving cardiac myxoma, cardiac genes/TFs/signaling pathways and their roles in cardiogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, key interactions and tumorigenesis, with focus on cardiomyocytes. RESULTS The cardiac genetic landscape is governed by a very tight control between proliferation and differentiation-related genes/TFs/pathways. Cardiac myxoma originates possibly as a consequence of dysregulations in the gene expression of differentiation regulators including Tbx5, GATA4, HAND1/2, MYOCD, HOPX, BMPs. Such dysregulations switch the expression of cardiomyocytes into progenitor-like state in cardiac myxoma development by dysregulating Isl1, Baf60 complex, Wnt, FGF, Notch, Mef2c and others. The Nkx2-5 and MSX2 contribute predominantly to both proliferation and differentiation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs), may possibly serve roles based on the microenvironment and the direction of cell circuitry in cardiac tumorigenesis. The Nkx2-5 in cardiac myxoma may serve to limit progression of tumorigenesis as it has massive control over the proliferation of CPCs. The cardiac cell type-specific genetic programming plays governing role in controlling the tumorigenesis and regenerative potential. CONCLUSION The cardiomyocytes have very limited proliferative and regenerative potential. They survive for long periods of time and tightly maintain the gene expression of differentiation genes such as Tbx5, GATA4 that interact with tumor suppressors (TS) and exert TS like effect. The total effect such gene expression exerts is responsible for the rare occurrence and benign nature of primary cardiac tumors. This prevents the progression of tumorigenesis. But this also limits the regenerative and proliferative potential of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac Myxoma develops as a consequence of dysregulations in these key genes which revert the cells towards progenitor-like state, hallmark of CM. The CM development in carney complex also signifies the role of TS in cardiac cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazia Siddiqui
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hassam A Jaffry
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schmidt C, Deyett A, Ilmer T, Haendeler S, Torres Caballero A, Novatchkova M, Netzer MA, Ceci Ginistrelli L, Mancheno Juncosa E, Bhattacharya T, Mujadzic A, Pimpale L, Jahnel SM, Cirigliano M, Reumann D, Tavernini K, Papai N, Hering S, Hofbauer P, Mendjan S. Multi-chamber cardioids unravel human heart development and cardiac defects. Cell 2023; 186:5587-5605.e27. [PMID: 38029745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The number one cause of human fetal death are defects in heart development. Because the human embryonic heart is inaccessible and the impacts of mutations, drugs, and environmental factors on the specialized functions of different heart compartments are not captured by in vitro models, determining the underlying causes is difficult. Here, we established a human cardioid platform that recapitulates the development of all major embryonic heart compartments, including right and left ventricles, atria, outflow tract, and atrioventricular canal. By leveraging 2D and 3D differentiation, we efficiently generated progenitor subsets with distinct first, anterior, and posterior second heart field identities. This advance enabled the reproducible generation of cardioids with compartment-specific in vivo-like gene expression profiles, morphologies, and functions. We used this platform to unravel the ontogeny of signal and contraction propagation between interacting heart chambers and dissect how mutations, teratogens, and drugs cause compartment-specific defects in the developing human heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alison Deyett
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Ilmer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; FH Campus Wien, Favoritenstraße 226, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Haendeler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aranxa Torres Caballero
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Netzer
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lavinia Ceci Ginistrelli
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Estela Mancheno Juncosa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanishta Bhattacharya
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Amra Mujadzic
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lokesh Pimpale
- HeartBeat.bio AG, Dr. Bohr Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan M Jahnel
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Cirigliano
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Reumann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katherina Tavernini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Papai
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pablo Hofbauer
- HeartBeat.bio AG, Dr. Bohr Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasha Mendjan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maven BEJ, Gifford CA, Weilert M, Gonzalez-Teran B, Hüttenhain R, Pelonero A, Ivey KN, Samse-Knapp K, Kwong W, Gordon D, McGregor M, Nishino T, Okorie E, Rossman S, Costa MW, Krogan NJ, Zeitlinger J, Srivastava D. The multi-lineage transcription factor ISL1 controls cardiomyocyte cell fate through interaction with NKX2.5. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2138-2153. [PMID: 37863045 PMCID: PMC10679653 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease often arises from perturbations of transcription factors (TFs) that guide cardiac development. ISLET1 (ISL1) is a TF that influences early cardiac cell fate, as well as differentiation of other cell types including motor neuron progenitors (MNPs) and pancreatic islet cells. While lineage specificity of ISL1 function is likely achieved through combinatorial interactions, its essential cardiac interacting partners are unknown. By assaying ISL1 genomic occupancy in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors (CPs) or MNPs and leveraging the deep learning approach BPNet, we identified motifs of other TFs that predicted ISL1 occupancy in each lineage, with NKX2.5 and GATA motifs being most closely associated to ISL1 in CPs. Experimentally, nearly two-thirds of ISL1-bound loci were co-occupied by NKX2.5 and/or GATA4. Removal of NKX2.5 from CPs led to widespread ISL1 redistribution, and overexpression of NKX2.5 in MNPs led to ISL1 occupancy of CP-specific loci. These results reveal how ISL1 guides lineage choices through a combinatorial code that dictates genomic occupancy and transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie E J Maven
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology PhD Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Casey A Gifford
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Weilert
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Barbara Gonzalez-Teran
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Hüttenhain
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angelo Pelonero
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn N Ivey
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlen Samse-Knapp
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wesley Kwong
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Gordon
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael McGregor
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eyuche Okorie
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sage Rossman
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mauro W Costa
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Zeitlinger
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hunt CPJ, Moriarty N, van Deursen CBJ, Gantner CW, Thompson LH, Parish CL. Understanding and modeling regional specification of the human ganglionic eminence. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:654-671. [PMID: 36801004 PMCID: PMC10031306 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory neurons originating from the ventral forebrain are associated with several neurological conditions. Distinct ventral forebrain subpopulations are generated from topographically defined zones; lateral-, medial- and caudal ganglionic eminences (LGE, MGE and CGE), yet key specification factors often span across developing zones contributing to difficulty in defining unique LGE, MGE or CGE profiles. Here we use human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) reporter lines (NKX2.1-GFP and MEIS2-mCherry) and manipulation of morphogen gradients to gain greater insight into regional specification of these distinct zones. We identified Sonic hedgehog (SHH)-WNT crosstalk in regulating LGE and MGE fate and uncovered a role for retinoic acid signaling in CGE development. Unraveling the influence of these signaling pathways permitted development of fully defined protocols that favored generation of the three GE domains. These findings provide insight into the context-dependent role of morphogens in human GE specification and are of value for in vitro disease modeling and advancement of new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron P J Hunt
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Niamh Moriarty
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Coen B J van Deursen
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Carlos W Gantner
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lachlan H Thompson
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Clare L Parish
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gene-Edited Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines to Elucidate DAND5 Function throughout Cardiac Differentiation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040520. [PMID: 36831187 PMCID: PMC9954670 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The contribution of gene-specific variants for congenital heart disease, one of the most common congenital disabilities, is still far from our complete understanding. Here, we applied a disease model using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to evaluate the function of DAND5 on human cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation and proliferation. (2) Methods: Taking advantage of our DAND5 patient-derived iPSC line, we used CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing to generate a set of isogenic hiPSCs (DAND5-corrected and DAND5 full-mutant). The hiPSCs were differentiated into CMs, and RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence profiled the expression of cardiac markers. Cardiomyocyte proliferation was analysed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we used a multi-electrode array (MEA) to study the functional electrophysiology of DAND5 hiPSC-CMs. (3) Results: The results indicated that hiPSC-CM proliferation is affected by DAND5 levels. Cardiomyocytes derived from a DAND5 full-mutant hiPSC line are more proliferative when compared with gene-corrected hiPSC-CMs. Moreover, parallel cardiac differentiations showed a differential cardiac gene expression profile, with upregulated cardiac progenitor markers in DAND5-KO hiPSC-CMs. Microelectrode array (MEA) measurements demonstrated that DAND5-KO hiPSC-CMs showed prolonged field potential duration and increased spontaneous beating rates. In addition, conduction velocity is reduced in the monolayers of hiPSC-CMs with full-mutant genotype. (4) Conclusions: The absence of DAND5 sustains the proliferation of hiPSC-CMs, which alters their electrophysiological maturation properties. These results using DAND5 hiPSC-CMs consolidate the findings of the in vitro and in vivo mouse models, now in a translational perspective. Altogether, the data will help elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this human heart disease and potentiates new therapies for treating adult CHD.
Collapse
|
9
|
Dominguez MH, Krup AL, Muncie JM, Bruneau BG. Graded mesoderm assembly governs cell fate and morphogenesis of the early mammalian heart. Cell 2023; 186:479-496.e23. [PMID: 36736300 PMCID: PMC10091855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using four-dimensional whole-embryo light sheet imaging with improved and accessible computational tools, we longitudinally reconstruct early murine cardiac development at single-cell resolution. Nascent mesoderm progenitors form opposing density and motility gradients, converting the temporal birth sequence of gastrulation into a spatial anterolateral-to-posteromedial arrangement. Migrating precardiac mesoderm does not strictly preserve cellular neighbor relationships, and spatial patterns only become solidified as the cardiac crescent emerges. Progenitors undergo a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, with a first heart field (FHF) ridge apposing a motile juxta-cardiac field (JCF). Anchored along the ridge, the FHF epithelium rotates the JCF forward to form the initial heart tube, along with push-pull morphodynamics of the second heart field. In Mesp1 mutants that fail to make a cardiac crescent, mesoderm remains highly motile but directionally incoherent, resulting in density gradient inversion. Our practicable live embryo imaging approach defines spatial origins and behaviors of cardiac progenitors and identifies their unanticipated morphological transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Dominguez
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alexis Leigh Krup
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Human Genetics, and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alam MJ, Uppulapu SK, Tiwari V, Varghese B, Mohammed SA, Adela R, Arava SK, Banerjee SK. Pregestational diabetes alters cardiac structure and function of neonatal rats through developmental plasticity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:919293. [PMID: 36176990 PMCID: PMC9514058 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.919293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregestational diabetes (PGDM) leads to developmental impairment, especially cardiac dysfunction, in their offspring. The hyperglycemic microenvironment inside the uterus alters the cardiac plasticity characterized by electrical and structural remodeling of the heart. The altered expression of several transcription factors due to hyperglycemia during fetal development might be responsible for molecular defects and phenotypic changes in the heart. The molecular mechanism of the developmental defects in the heart due to PGDM remains unclear. To understand the molecular defects in the 2-days old neonatal rats, streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats were bred with healthy male rats. We collected 2-day-old hearts from the neonates and identified the molecular basis for phenotypic changes. Neonates from diabetic mothers showed altered electrocardiography and echocardiography parameters. Transcriptomic profiling of the RNA-seq data revealed that several altered genes were associated with heart development, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac conduction, and cell proliferation. Histopathology data showed the presence of focal cardiac fibrosis and increased cell proliferation in neonates from diabetic mothers. Thus, our results provide a comprehensive map of the cellular events and molecular pathways perturbed in the neonatal heart during PGDM. All of the molecular and structural changes lead to developmental plasticity in neonatal rat hearts and develop cardiac anomalies in their early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
- Non-communicable Diseases Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Shravan Kumar Uppulapu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Vikas Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Bincy Varghese
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Soheb Anwar Mohammed
- Non-communicable Diseases Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay K. Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India
- Non-communicable Diseases Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
- *Correspondence: Sanjay K. Banerjee,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schade D, Drowley L, Wang QD, Plowright AT, Greber B. Phenotypic screen identifies FOXO inhibitor to counteract maturation and promote expansion of human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 65:116782. [PMID: 35512484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Achieving pharmacological control over cardiomyocyte proliferation represents a prime goal in therapeutic cardiovascular research. Here, we identify a novel chemical tool compound for the expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes. The forkhead box O (FOXO) inhibitor AS1842856 was identified as a significant hit from an unbiased proliferation screen in early, immature hiPSC- cardiomyocytes (eCMs). The mitogenic effects of AS1842856 turned out to be robust, dose-dependent, sustained, and reversible. eCM numbers increased >30-fold as induced by AS1842856 over three passages. Phenotypically as well as by marker gene expression, the compound interestingly appeared to counteract cellular maturation both in immature hiPSC-CMs as well as in more advanced ones. Thus, FOXO inhibitor AS1842856 presents a novel proliferation inducer for the chemically defined, xeno-free expansion of hiPSC-derived CMs, while its de-differentiation effect might as well bear potential in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Schade
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Partner Site Kiel, DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lauren Drowley
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alleyn T Plowright
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Boris Greber
- Human Stem Cell Pluripotency Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany; Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The Human Genome Project marked a major milestone in the scientific community as it unravelled the ~3 billion bases that are central to crucial aspects of human life. Despite this achievement, it only scratched the surface of understanding how each nucleotide matters, both individually and as part of a larger unit. Beyond the coding genome, which comprises only ~2% of the whole genome, scientists have realized that large portions of the genome, not known to code for any protein, were crucial for regulating the coding genes. These large portions of the genome comprise the 'non-coding genome'. The history of gene regulation mediated by proteins that bind to the regulatory non-coding genome dates back many decades to the 1960s. However, the original definition of 'enhancers' was first used in the early 1980s. In this Review, we summarize benchmark studies that have mapped the role of cardiac enhancers in disease and development. We highlight instances in which enhancer-localized genetic variants explain the missing link to cardiac pathogenesis. Finally, we inspire readers to consider the next phase of exploring enhancer-based gene therapy for cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wiesinger A, Boink GJJ, Christoffels VM, Devalla HD. Retinoic acid signaling in heart development: Application in the differentiation of cardiovascular lineages from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2589-2606. [PMID: 34653403 PMCID: PMC8581056 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) signaling plays an important role during heart development in establishing anteroposterior polarity, formation of inflow and outflow tract progenitors, and growth of the ventricular compact wall. RA is also utilized as a key ingredient in protocols designed for generating cardiac cell types from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). This review discusses the role of RA in cardiogenesis, currently available protocols that employ RA for differentiation of various cardiovascular lineages, and plausible transcriptional mechanisms underlying this fate specification. These insights will inform further development of desired cardiac cell types from human PSCs and their application in preclinical and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wiesinger
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard J J Boink
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harsha D Devalla
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Duong TB, Waxman JS. Patterning of vertebrate cardiac progenitor fields by retinoic acid signaling. Genesis 2021; 59:e23458. [PMID: 34665508 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of retinoic acid (RA) signaling on vertebrate development has a well-studied history. Cumulatively, we now understand that RA signaling has a conserved requirement early in development restricting cardiac progenitors within the anterior lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrate embryos. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological manipulations of RA signaling in vertebrate models have shown that proper heart development is achieved through the deployment of positive and negative feedback mechanisms, which maintain appropriate RA levels. In this brief review, we present a chronological overview of key work that has led to a current model of the critical role for early RA signaling in limiting the generation of cardiac progenitors within vertebrate embryos. Furthermore, we integrate the previous work in mice and our recent findings using zebrafish, which together show that RA signaling has remarkably conserved influences on the later-differentiating progenitor populations at the arterial and venous poles. We discuss how recognizing the significant conservation of RA signaling on the differentiation of these progenitor populations offers new perspectives and may impact future work dedicated to examining vertebrate heart development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany B Duong
- Molecular Genetics Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua S Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Simmons AD, Palecek SP. Rational, Unbiased Selection of Reference Genes for Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:322-336. [PMID: 33843289 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a powerful technique to quantify gene expression by transcript abundance. Expression of target genes is normalized to expression of stable reference genes to account for sample preparation variability. Thus, the identification and validation of stably expressed reference genes is crucial for making accurate, quantitative, statistical conclusions in gene expression studies. Traditional housekeeping genes identified decades ago based on high and relatively stable expression are often used, although many have shown these to not be valid, particularly in highly dynamic systems such as stem cell differentiation. In this study we outline a rational approach to identify stable reference genes valid throughout human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation to hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs). Several publicly available transcriptomic data sets were analyzed to identify genes with low variability in expression throughout differentiation. These putative novel reference genes were subsequently validated in RT-qPCR analyses to assess their stability under various perturbations, including maturation during extended culture, lactate purification, and various differentiation efficiencies. Expression in hPSC-CMs was also compared with whole human heart tissue. A core set of three novel reference genes (EDF1, DDB1, and ZNF384) exhibited robust stability across the conditions tested, whereas expression of the traditional housekeeping genes tested (ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, and RPL13A) varied significantly under these conditions. Impact statement This article presents an unbiased method for the selection and validation of novel reference genes for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction normalization using data from RNA sequencing datasets. This method identified more robust and stable reference genes for gene expression studies during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to cardiomyocytes than commonly used reference genes. This study also provides a roadmap for identifying reference genes for assessing gene expression during other dynamic cellular processes, including stem cell differentiation to other cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Expression of ISL1 and its partners in prostate cancer progression and neuroendocrine differentiation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2223-2231. [PMID: 33864110 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES ISL1 serves as a biomarker of metastasis and neuroendocrine neoplasia in multiple tumors. However, the expression and relation of ISL1 to other biomarkers in prostate cancer have not been fully elucidated. Here, we characterize the expression of ISL1 and its partners in PCa and document its association to disease progression and post castration resistance neuroendocrine differentiation. METHODS The expression of ISL1 was interrogated in > 6000 primary samples from the Decipher GRID registry and 250 mCRPC samples to assess its prognostic value and relation to neuroendocrine differentiation. RESULTS ISL1 was highly correlated to MEIS genes and other genes related to cell motility. ISL1 down-regulation in PCa was associated with cancer progression, aggressive primary tumors, and metastatic outcome. We found that ISL1 is highly correlated to MEIS genes across multiple primary PCa and mCRPC cohorts. The expression of ISL1 and MEIS genes were significantly and inversely related to metastasis-free survival and lethal disease, and were downregulated in CRPC and hormone naïve metastatic tumors but showed upregulation in neuroendocrine tumors. Co-immunoprecipitation showed MEIS2 and ISL1 interacting with each supporting their role in modulating transcriptional regulation and nominating this complex for potential targeted therapy. CONCLUSIONS ISL1 complex with MEIS2 serves a critical role in prostate tumor progression and its upregulation in mCRPC/NE provides a rationale for assessing the role of ISL1 and its associated protein in treatment resistance.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Z, Schwartz RJ, Liu J, Sun F, Li Q, Ma Y. Smyd1 Orchestrates Early Heart Development Through Positive and Negative Gene Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654682. [PMID: 33869215 PMCID: PMC8047137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SET and MYND domain-containing protein 1 (Smyd1) is a striated muscle-specific histone methyltransferase. Our previous work demonstrated that deletion of Smyd1 in either cardiomyocytes or the outflow tract (OFT) resulted in embryonic lethality at E9.5, with cardiac structural defects such as truncation of the OFT and right ventricle and impaired expansion and proliferation of the second heart field (SHF). The cardiac phenotype was accompanied by the downregulation of ISL LIM Homeobox 1 (Isl1) and upregulation of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). However, the mechanisms of Smyd1 regulating Isl1 and ANF during embryonic heart development remain to be elucidated. Here, we employed various biochemical and molecular biological approaches including chromatin immunoprecipitation polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR), pGL3 fluorescence reporter system, and co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) and found that Smyd1 interacted with absent small homeotic-2-like protein (ASH2L) and activated the promoter of Isl1 by trimethylating H3K4. We also found that Smyd1 associated with HDAC to repress ANF expression using trichostatin A (TSA), a deacetylase inhibitor. In conclusion, Smyd1 participates in early heart development by upregulating the expression of Isl1 and downregulating the expression of ANF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Haikou Key Laboratory for Preservation of Human Genetic Resource, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Verkerk AO, Wilders R. Dynamic Clamp in Electrophysiological Studies on Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes-Why and How? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:267-279. [PMID: 33229908 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are supposed to be a good human-based model, with virtually unlimited cell source, for studies on mechanisms underlying cardiac development and cardiac diseases, and for identification of drug targets. However, a major drawback of hPSC-CMs as a model system, especially for electrophysiological studies, is their depolarized state and associated spontaneous electrical activity. Various approaches are used to overcome this drawback, including the injection of "synthetic" inward rectifier potassium current (IK1), which is computed in real time, based on the recorded membrane potential ("dynamic clamp"). Such injection of an IK1-like current results in quiescent hPSC-CMs with a nondepolarized resting potential that show "adult-like" action potentials on stimulation, with functional availability of the most important ion channels involved in cardiac electrophysiology. These days, dynamic clamp has become a widely appreciated electrophysiological tool. However, setting up a dynamic clamp system can still be laborious and difficult, both because of the required hardware and the implementation of the dedicated software. In the present review, we first summarize the potential mechanisms underlying the depolarized state of hPSC-CMs and the functional consequences of this depolarized state. Next, we explain how an existing manual patch clamp setup can be extended with dynamic clamp. Finally, we shortly validate the extended setup with atrial-like and ventricular-like hPSC-CMs. We feel that dynamic clamp is a highly valuable tool in the field of cellular electrophysiological studies on hPSC-CMs and hope that our directions for setting up such dynamic clamp system may prove helpful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; and
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Wilders
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; and
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Martin KE, Waxman JS. Atrial and Sinoatrial Node Development in the Zebrafish Heart. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8020015. [PMID: 33572147 PMCID: PMC7914448 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper development and function of the vertebrate heart is vital for embryonic and postnatal life. Many congenital heart defects in humans are associated with disruption of genes that direct the formation or maintenance of atrial and pacemaker cardiomyocytes at the venous pole of the heart. Zebrafish are an outstanding model for studying vertebrate cardiogenesis, due to the conservation of molecular mechanisms underlying early heart development, external development, and ease of genetic manipulation. Here, we discuss early developmental mechanisms that instruct appropriate formation of the venous pole in zebrafish embryos. We primarily focus on signals that determine atrial chamber size and the specialized pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node through directing proper specification and differentiation, as well as contemporary insights into the plasticity and maintenance of cardiomyocyte identity in embryonic zebrafish hearts. Finally, we integrate how these insights into zebrafish cardiogenesis can serve as models for human atrial defects and arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall E. Martin
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joshua S. Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu X, Lu M, Yun D, Gao S, Chen S, Hu L, Wu Y, Wang X, Duan E, Cheng CY, Sun F. Single cell ATAC-Seq reveals cell type-specific transcriptional regulation and unique chromatin accessibility in human spermatogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:321-333. [PMID: 33438010 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During human spermatogenesis, germ cells undergo dynamic changes in chromatin organization/re-packaging and in transcriptomes. In order to better understand the underlying mechanism(s), scATAC-Seq of 5376 testicular cells from 3 normal men were performed. Data were analyzed in parallel with the scRNA-Seq data of human testicular cells. Ten germ cell types associated with spermatogenesis and 6 testicular somatic cell types were identified, along with 142 024 peaks located in promoter, genebody and CpG Island. We had examined chromatin accessibility of all chromosomes, with chromosomes 19 and 17 emerged as the leading chromosomes that displayed high chromatin accessibility. In accessible chromatin regions, transcription factor (TF)-binding sites were identified and specific motifs with high frequencies at different spermatogenesis stages were detected, including CTCF, BORIS, NFY, DMRT6, EN1, ISL1 and GLI3. Two most notable observations were noted. First, TLE3 was specifically expressed in differentiating spermatogonia. Second, PFN4 was found to be involved in actin cytoskeletal organization during meiosis. More important, unique regions upstream of PFN4 and TLE3 were shown to display high accessibility, illustrating their significance in supporting human spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wu
- Medical School, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mujun Lu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Damin Yun
- Medical School, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Medical School, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shitao Chen
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Longfei Hu
- Singleron Biotechnologies Ltd., 211 Pubin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- Medical School, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Medical School, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065
| | - Fei Sun
- Medical School, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Varshney A, Chahal G, Santos L, Stolper J, Hallab JC, Nim HT, Nikolov M, Yip A, Ramialison M. Human Cardiac Transcription Factor Networks. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
22
|
Balafkan N, Mostafavi S, Schubert M, Siller R, Liang KX, Sullivan G, Bindoff LA. A method for differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells toward functional cardiomyocytes in 96-well microplates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18498. [PMID: 33116175 PMCID: PMC7595118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of pluripotent stem cells both for self-renewal and to differentiate into any cell type have made them a powerful tool for studying human disease. Protocols for efficient differentiation towards cardiomyocytes using defined, serum-free culture medium combined with small molecules have been developed, but thus far, limited to larger formats. We adapted protocols for differentiating human pluripotent stem cells to functional human cardiomyocytes in a 96-well microplate format. The resulting cardiomyocytes expressed cardiac specific markers at the transcriptional and protein levels and had the electrophysiological properties that confirmed the presence of functional cardiomyocytes. We suggest that this protocol provides an incremental improvement and one that reduces the impact of heterogeneity by increasing inter-experimental replicates. We believe that this technique will improve the applicability of these cells for use in developmental biology and mechanistic studies of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Novin Balafkan
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sepideh Mostafavi
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Manja Schubert
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Richard Siller
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Domus Medica, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, P.O. Box 4950, 0424, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Xiao Liang
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gareth Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Domus Medica, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, P.O. Box 4950, 0424, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway. .,Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The first versatile human iPSC-based model of ectopic virus induction allows new insights in RNA-virus disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16804. [PMID: 33033381 PMCID: PMC7546621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed description of pathophysiological effects that viruses exert on their host is still challenging. For the first time, we report a highly controllable viral expression model based on an iPS-cell line from a healthy human donor. The established viral model system enables a dose-dependent and highly localized RNA-virus expression in a fully controllable environment, giving rise for new applications for the scientific community.
Collapse
|
24
|
Swedlund B, Lescroart F. Cardiopharyngeal Progenitor Specification: Multiple Roads to the Heart and Head Muscles. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a036731. [PMID: 31818856 PMCID: PMC7397823 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, the heart arises from various sources of undifferentiated mesodermal progenitors, with an additional contribution from ectodermal neural crest cells. Mesodermal cardiac progenitors are plastic and multipotent, but are nevertheless specified to a precise heart region and cell type very early during development. Recent findings have defined both this lineage plasticity and early commitment of cardiac progenitors, using a combination of single-cell and population analyses. In this review, we discuss several aspects of cardiac progenitor specification. We discuss their markers, fate potential in vitro and in vivo, early segregation and commitment, and also intrinsic and extrinsic cues regulating lineage restriction from multipotency to a specific cell type of the heart. Finally, we also discuss the subdivisions of the cardiopharyngeal field, and the shared origins of the heart with other mesodermal derivatives, including head and neck muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Swedlund
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Halver J, Wenzel K, Sendker J, Carrillo García C, Erdelmeier CAJ, Willems E, Mercola M, Symma N, Könemann S, Koch E, Hensel A, Schade D. Crataegus Extract WS®1442 Stimulates Cardiomyogenesis and Angiogenesis From Stem Cells: A Possible New Pharmacology for Hawthorn? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1357. [PMID: 31849643 PMCID: PMC6902660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts from the leaves and flowers of Crataegus spp. (i.e., hawthorn species) have been traditionally used with documented preclinical and clinical activities in cardiovascular medicine. Based on reported positive effects on heart muscle after ischemic injury and the overall cardioprotective profile, the present study addressed potential contributions of Crataegus extracts to cardiopoietic differentiation from stem cells. The quantified Crataegus extract WS®1442 stimulated cardiomyogenesis from murine and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Mechanistically, this effect was found to be induced by promoting differentiation of cardiovascular progenitor cell populations but not by proliferation. Bioassay-guided fractionation, phytochemical and analytical profiling suggested high-molecular weight ingredients as the active principle with at least part of the activity due to oligomeric procyanidines (OPCs) with a degree of polymerization between 3 and 6 (DP3–6). Transcriptome profiling in mESCs suggested two main, plausible mechanisms: These were early, stress-associated cellular events along with the modulation of distinct developmental pathways, including the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and retinoic acid as well as the inhibition of transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein (TGFβ/BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. In addition, WS®1442 stimulated angiogenesis ex vivo in Sca-1+ progenitor cells from adult mice hearts. These in vitro data provide evidence for a differentiation promoting activity of WS®1442 on distinct cardiovascular stem/progenitor cells that could be valuable for therapeutic heart regeneration after myocardial infarction. However, the in vivo relevance of this new pharmacological activity of Crataegus spp. remains to be investigated and active ingredients from bioactive fractions will have to be further characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Halver
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kristin Wenzel
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Partner site Greifswald, DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jandirk Sendker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carmen Carrillo García
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Erik Willems
- Muscle Development and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute (SBP), La Jolla, United States
| | - Mark Mercola
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Nico Symma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Könemann
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Partner site Greifswald, DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Egon Koch
- Preclinical Research, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis Schade
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Partner site Kiel, DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Islet1 and Brn3 Expression Pattern Study in Human Retina and hiPSC-Derived Retinal Organoid. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8786396. [PMID: 31885629 PMCID: PMC6925930 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8786396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the dynamic Islet1 and Brn3 (POU4F) expression pattern in the human fetal retina and human-induced pluripotent stem cell- (hiPSC-) derived retinal organoid. Human fetal eyes from 8 to 27 fetal weeks (Fwks), human adult retina, hiPSC-derived retinal organoid from 7 to 31 differentiation weeks (Dwks), and rhesus adult retina were collected for cyrosectioning. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Islet1 was expressed in retinal ganglion cells in the fetal retina, human adult retina, and retinal organoids. Unexpectedly, after Fwk 20, Brn3 expression gradually decreased in the fetal retina. In the midstage of development, Islet1 was detected in bipolar and developing horizontal cells. As the photoreceptor developed, the Islet1-positive cone precursors gradually became Islet1-negative/S-opsin-positive cones. This study highlights the distinguishing characteristics of Islet1 dynamic expression in human fetal retina development and proposes more concerns which should be taken regarding Brn3 as a cell-identifying marker in mature primate retina.
Collapse
|
27
|
Drowley L, McPheat J, Nordqvist A, Peel S, Karlsson U, Martinsson S, Müllers E, Dellsén A, Knight S, Barrett I, Sánchez J, Magnusson B, Greber B, Wang QD, Plowright AT. Discovery of retinoic acid receptor agonists as proliferators of cardiac progenitor cells through a phenotypic screening approach. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 9:47-60. [PMID: 31508905 PMCID: PMC6954720 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of small molecules with the potential to selectively proliferate cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) will aid our understanding of the signaling pathways and mechanisms involved and could ultimately provide tools for regenerative therapies for the treatment of post‐MI cardiac dysfunction. We have used an in vitro human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived CPC model to screen a 10,000‐compound library containing molecules representing different target classes and compounds reported to modulate the phenotype of stem or primary cells. The primary readout of this phenotypic screen was proliferation as measured by nuclear count. We identified retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists as potent proliferators of CPCs. The CPCs retained their progenitor phenotype following proliferation and the identified RAR agonists did not proliferate human cardiac fibroblasts, the major cell type in the heart. In addition, the RAR agonists were able to proliferate an independent source of CPCs, HuES6. The RAR agonists had a time‐of‐differentiation‐dependent effect on the HuES6‐derived CPCs. At 4 days of differentiation, treatment with retinoic acid induced differentiation of the CPCs to atrial cells. However, after 5 days of differentiation treatment with RAR agonists led to an inhibition of terminal differentiation to cardiomyocytes and enhanced the proliferation of the cells. RAR agonists, at least transiently, enhance the proliferation of human CPCs, at the expense of terminal cardiac differentiation. How this mechanism translates in vivo to activate endogenous CPCs and whether enhancing proliferation of these rare progenitor cells is sufficient to enhance cardiac repair remains to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Drowley
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jane McPheat
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anneli Nordqvist
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ulla Karlsson
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Martinsson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Müllers
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anita Dellsén
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ian Barrett
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - José Sánchez
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Boris Greber
- Human Stem Cell Pluripotency Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alleyn T Plowright
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu Y, Lu P, Wang Y, Morrow BE, Zhou B, Zheng D. Spatiotemporal Gene Coexpression and Regulation in Mouse Cardiomyocytes of Early Cardiac Morphogenesis. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012941. [PMID: 31322043 PMCID: PMC6761639 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Heart tube looping to form a 4-chambered heart is a critical stage of embryonic heart development, but the gene drivers and their regulatory targets have not been extensively characterized at the cell-type level. Methods and Results To study the interaction of signaling pathways, transcription factors (TFs), and genetic networks in the process, we constructed gene co-expression networks and identified gene modules highly activated in individual cardiomyocytes at multiple anatomical regions and developmental stages using previously published single-cell RNA-seq data. Function analyses of the modules uncovered major pathways important for spatiotemporal cardiomyocyte differentiation. Interestingly, about half of the pathways were highly active in cardiomyocytes at the outflow tract (OFT) and atrioventricular canal, including well-known pathways for cardiac development and many newly identified ones. We predicted that these OFT-atrioventricular canal pathways were regulated by a large number of TFs actively expressed at the OFT-atrioventricular canal cardiomyocytes, with the prediction supported by motif enrichment analysis, including 10 TFs that have not been previously associated with cardiac development (eg, Etv5, Rbpms, and Baz2b). Furthermore, we found that TF targets in the OFT-atrioventricular canal modules were most significantly enriched with genes associated with mouse heart developmental abnormalities and human congenital heart defects, in comparison with TF targets in other modules, consistent with the critical developmental roles of OFT. Conclusions By analyzing gene co-expression at single cardiomyocytes, our systematic study has uncovered many known and additional new important TFs and their regulated molecular signaling pathways that are spatiotemporally active during heart looping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| | - Bernice E. Morrow
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
- Department of Ob/Gyn and PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
- Department of Ob/Gyn and PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
- Department of MedicineAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
- Department of NeurologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
- Department of NeuroscienceAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Perl E, Waxman JS. Reiterative Mechanisms of Retinoic Acid Signaling during Vertebrate Heart Development. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7020011. [PMID: 31151214 PMCID: PMC6631158 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tightly-regulated levels of retinoic acid (RA) are critical for promoting normal vertebrate development. The extensive history of research on RA has shown that its proper regulation is essential for cardiac progenitor specification and organogenesis. Here, we discuss the roles of RA signaling and its establishment of networks that drive both early and later steps of normal vertebrate heart development. We focus on studies that highlight the drastic effects alternative levels of RA have on early cardiomyocyte (CM) specification and cardiac chamber morphogenesis, consequences of improper RA synthesis and degradation, and known effectors downstream of RA. We conclude with the implications of these findings to our understanding of cardiac regeneration and the etiologies of congenital heart defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliyahu Perl
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
- The Heart Institute and Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Joshua S Waxman
- The Heart Institute and Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Greco A, Vaipan DV, Tkachuk VA, Penkov DN. The Involvement of Cardiomyocyte-Specific Transcription Factors Meis in Adipocyte Differentiation. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
31
|
Gibb N, Lazic S, Yuan X, Deshwar AR, Leslie M, Wilson MD, Scott IC. Hey2 regulates the size of the cardiac progenitor pool during vertebrate heart development. Development 2018; 145:dev.167510. [PMID: 30355727 DOI: 10.1242/dev.167510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A key event in heart development is the timely addition of cardiac progenitor cells, defects in which can lead to congenital heart defects. However, how the balance and proportion of progenitor proliferation versus addition to the heart is regulated remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Hey2 functions to regulate the dynamics of cardiac progenitor addition to the zebrafish heart. We found that the previously noted increase in myocardial cell number found in the absence of Hey2 function was due to a pronounced expansion in the size of the cardiac progenitor pool. Expression analysis and lineage tracing of hey2-expressing cells showed that hey2 is active in cardiac progenitors. Hey2 acted to limit proliferation of cardiac progenitors, prior to heart tube formation. Use of a transplantation approach demonstrated a likely cell-autonomous (in cardiac progenitors) function for Hey2. Taken together, our data suggest a previously unappreciated role for Hey2 in controlling the proliferative capacity of cardiac progenitors, affecting the subsequent contribution of late-differentiating cardiac progenitors to the developing vertebrate heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gibb
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Savo Lazic
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xuefei Yuan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ashish R Deshwar
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Meaghan Leslie
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ian C Scott
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada.,Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centres of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|