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Albu M, Affolter E, Gentile A, Xu Y, Kikhi K, Howard S, Kuenne C, Priya R, Gunawan F, Stainier DYR. Distinct mechanisms regulate ventricular and atrial chamber wall formation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8159. [PMID: 39289341 PMCID: PMC11408654 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissues undergo distinct morphogenetic processes to achieve similarly shaped structures. In the heart, cardiomyocytes in both the ventricle and atrium build internal structures for efficient contraction. Ventricular wall formation (trabeculation) is initiated by cardiomyocyte delamination. How cardiomyocytes build the atrial wall is poorly understood. Using longitudinal imaging in zebrafish, we found that at least 25% of the atrial cardiomyocytes elongate along the long axis of the heart. These cell shape changes result in cell intercalation and convergent thickening, leading to the formation of the internal muscle network. We tested factors important for ventricular trabeculation including Nrg/ErbB and Notch signaling and found no evidence for their role in atrial muscle network formation. Instead, our data suggest that atrial cardiomyocyte elongation is regulated by Yap, which has not been implicated in trabeculation. Altogether, these data indicate that distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms build the internal muscle structures in the atrium and ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marga Albu
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Eileen Affolter
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College, London, UK
| | - Yanli Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Khrievono Kikhi
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Flow Cytometry Service Group, Max Planck for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Howard
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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2
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Psutkova V, Nickl P, Brezinova V, Machonova O, Machon O. Transcription factor Meis1b regulates craniofacial morphogenesis in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 39087648 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meis family of transcription factors operates in Pbx-Meis-Hox regulatory network controlling development of various tissues including eye, limbs, heart, hindbrain or craniofacial skeletal elements originating from the neural crest. Although studies in mouse provide abundant information about Meis factors function in embryogenesis, little is known about their role in zebrafish. RESULTS We generated zebrafish lines carrying null mutations in meis1a, meis1b, meis2a, and meis2b genes. Only meis1b mutants are lethal at larval stage around 13 dpf whereas the other mutant lines are viable and fertile. We focused on development of neural crest-derived craniofacial structures such as tendons, cranial nerves, cartilage and accompanying muscles. Meis1b mutants displayed morphogenetic abnormalities in the cartilage originating from the first and second pharyngeal arches. Meckel's cartilage was shorter and wider with fused anterior symphysis and abnormal chondrocyte organization. This resulted in impaired tendons and muscle fiber connections while tenocyte development was not largely affected. CONCLUSIONS Loss-of-function mutation in meis1b affects cartilage morphology in the lower jaw that leads to disrupted organization of muscles and tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorie Psutkova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nickl
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Brezinova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Machonova
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Machon
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Nayak SPRR, Boopathi S, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, Kathiravan MK, Arockiaraj J. Indole-3-acetic acid induced cardiogenesis impairment in in-vivo zebrafish via oxidative stress and downregulation of cardiac morphogenic factors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 109:104479. [PMID: 38821154 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are increasingly used to promote sustainable agriculture, but their unregulated use raises concerns about potential environmental risks. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a commonly used PGR, has been the subject of research on its developmental toxicity in the in-vivo zebrafish model. IAA exposure to zebrafish embryos caused oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cellular apoptosis. The study also revealed that critical antioxidant genes including sod, cat, and bcl2 were downregulated, while pro-apoptotic genes such as bax and p53 were upregulated. IAA exposure also hampered normal cardiogenesis by downregulating myl7, amhc, and vmhc genes and potentially influencing zebrafish neurobehavior. The accumulation of IAA was confirmed by HPLC analysis of IAA-exposed zebrafish tissues. These findings underscore the need for further study on the potential ecological consequences of IAA use and the need for sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Ramya Ranjan Nayak
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seenivasan Boopathi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - M K Kathiravan
- Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Gentile A, Albu M, Xu Y, Mortazavi N, Ribeiro da Silva A, Stainier DYR, Gunawan F. Mechanical forces remodel the cardiac extracellular matrix during zebrafish development. Development 2024; 151:dev202310. [PMID: 38984541 PMCID: PMC11266798 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) is fundamental for organ morphogenesis and maturation, during which time it undergoes remodeling, yet little is known about whether mechanical forces generated by the heartbeat regulate this remodeling process. Using zebrafish as a model and focusing on stages when cardiac valves and trabeculae form, we found that altering cardiac contraction impairs cECM remodeling. Longitudinal volumetric quantifications in wild-type animals revealed region-specific dynamics: cECM volume decreases in the atrium but not in the ventricle or atrioventricular canal. Reducing cardiac contraction resulted in opposite effects on the ventricular and atrial ECM, whereas increasing the heart rate affected the ventricular ECM but had no effect on the atrial ECM, together indicating that mechanical forces regulate the cECM in a chamber-specific manner. Among the ECM remodelers highly expressed during cardiac morphogenesis, we found one that was upregulated in non-contractile hearts, namely tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (timp2). Loss- and gain-of-function analyses of timp2 revealed its crucial role in cECM remodeling. Altogether, our results indicate that mechanical forces control cECM remodeling in part through timp2 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gentile
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Marga Albu
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Yanli Xu
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Newsha Mortazavi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Agatha Ribeiro da Silva
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
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da Silva AR, Gunawan F, Boezio GLM, Faure E, Théron A, Avierinos JF, Lim S, Jha SG, Ramadass R, Guenther S, Looso M, Zaffran S, Juan T, Stainier DYR. egr3 is a mechanosensitive transcription factor gene required for cardiac valve morphogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0633. [PMID: 38748804 PMCID: PMC11095463 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Biomechanical forces, and their molecular transducers, including key mechanosensitive transcription factor genes, such as KLF2, are required for cardiac valve morphogenesis. However, klf2 mutants fail to completely recapitulate the valveless phenotype observed under no-flow conditions. Here, we identify the transcription factor EGR3 as a conserved biomechanical force transducer critical for cardiac valve formation. We first show that egr3 null zebrafish display a complete and highly penetrant loss of valve leaflets, leading to severe blood regurgitation. Using tissue-specific loss- and gain-of-function tools, we find that during cardiac valve formation, Egr3 functions cell-autonomously in endothelial cells, and identify one of its effectors, the nuclear receptor Nr4a2b. We further find that mechanical forces up-regulate egr3/EGR3 expression in the developing zebrafish heart and in porcine valvular endothelial cells, as well as during human aortic valve remodeling. Altogether, these findings reveal that EGR3 is necessary to transduce the biomechanical cues required for zebrafish cardiac valve morphogenesis, and potentially for pathological aortic valve remodeling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Ribeiro da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Giulia L. M. Boezio
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Emilie Faure
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Alexis Théron
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Avierinos
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France
- Service de Cardiologie, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - SoEun Lim
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shivam Govind Jha
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Radhan Ramadass
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stéphane Zaffran
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Juan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
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6
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Noël ES. Cardiac construction-Recent advances in morphological and transcriptional modeling of early heart development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:121-156. [PMID: 38556421 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
During human embryonic development the early establishment of a functional heart is vital to support the growing fetus. However, forming the embryonic heart is an extremely complex process, requiring spatiotemporally controlled cell specification and differentiation, tissue organization, and coordination of cardiac function. These complexities, in concert with the early and rapid development of the embryonic heart, mean that understanding the intricate interplay between these processes that help shape the early heart remains highly challenging. In this review I focus on recent insights from animal models that have shed new light on the earliest stages of heart development. This includes specification and organization of cardiac progenitors, cell and tissue movements that make and shape the early heart tube, and the initiation of the first beat in the developing heart. In addition I highlight relevant in vitro models that could support translation of findings from animal models to human heart development. Finally I discuss challenges that are being addressed in the field, along with future considerations that together may help move us towards a deeper understanding of how our hearts are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Noël
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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7
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Juan T, Bellec M, Cardoso B, Athéa H, Fukuda N, Albu M, Günther S, Looso M, Stainier DYR. Control of cardiac contractions using Cre-lox and degron strategies in zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309842121. [PMID: 38194447 PMCID: PMC10801847 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309842121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac contractions and hemodynamic forces are essential for organ development and homeostasis. Control over cardiac contractions can be achieved pharmacologically or optogenetically. However, these approaches lack specificity or require direct access to the heart. Here, we compare two genetic approaches to control cardiac contractions by modulating the levels of the essential sarcomeric protein Tnnt2a in zebrafish. We first recombine a newly generated tnnt2a floxed allele using multiple lines expressing Cre under the control of cardiomyocyte-specific promoters, and show that it does not recapitulate the tnnt2a/silent heart mutant phenotype in embryos. We show that this lack of early cardiac contraction defects is due, at least in part, to the long half-life of tnnt2a mRNA, which masks the gene deletion effects until the early larval stages. We then generate an endogenous Tnnt2a-eGFP fusion line that we use together with the zGRAD system to efficiently degrade Tnnt2a in all cardiomyocytes. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we find that Tnnt2a depletion leads to cardiac phenotypes similar to those observed in tnnt2a mutants, with a loss of blood and pericardial flow-dependent cell types. Furthermore, we achieve conditional degradation of Tnnt2a-eGFP by splitting the zGRAD protein into two fragments that, when combined with the cpFRB2-FKBP system, can be reassembled upon rapamycin treatment. Thus, this Tnnt2a degradation line enables non-invasive control of cardiac contractions with high spatial and temporal specificity and will help further understand how they shape organ development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Juan
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- Kreislaufforschung), Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Maëlle Bellec
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- Kreislaufforschung), Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Bárbara Cardoso
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- Kreislaufforschung), Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Héloïse Athéa
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- Kreislaufforschung), Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Nana Fukuda
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- Kreislaufforschung), Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Marga Albu
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- Kreislaufforschung), Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- Kreislaufforschung), Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- Kreislaufforschung), Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz- Kreislaufforschung), Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Bad Nauheim61231, Germany
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8
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Jensen B, Moorman AFM. Evolutionary Aspects of Chamber Formation and Septation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:227-238. [PMID: 38884714 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The formed hearts of vertebrates are widely different in anatomy and performance, yet their embryonic hearts are surprisingly similar. Developmental and molecular biology are making great advances in reconciling these differences by revealing an evolutionarily conserved building plan to the vertebrate heart. This suggests that perspectives from evolution may improve our understanding of the formation of the human heart. Here, we exemplify this approach by discussing atrial and ventricular septation and the associated processes of remodeling of the atrioventricular junction and formation of the atrioventricular insulating plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarke Jensen
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Antoon F M Moorman
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Boezio GLM, Zhao S, Gollin J, Priya R, Mansingh S, Guenther S, Fukuda N, Gunawan F, Stainier DYR. The developing epicardium regulates cardiac chamber morphogenesis by promoting cardiomyocyte growth. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049571. [PMID: 36172839 PMCID: PMC9612869 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium, the outermost layer of the heart, is an important regulator of cardiac regeneration. However, a detailed understanding of the crosstalk between the epicardium and myocardium during development requires further investigation. Here, we generated three models of epicardial impairment in zebrafish by mutating the transcription factor genes tcf21 and wt1a, and ablating tcf21+ epicardial cells. Notably, all three epicardial impairment models exhibited smaller ventricles. We identified the initial cause of this phenotype as defective cardiomyocyte growth, resulting in reduced cell surface and volume. This failure of cardiomyocyte growth was followed by decreased proliferation and increased abluminal extrusion. By temporally manipulating its ablation, we show that the epicardium is required to support cardiomyocyte growth mainly during early cardiac morphogenesis. By transcriptomic profiling of sorted epicardial cells, we identified reduced expression of FGF and VEGF ligand genes in tcf21-/- hearts, and pharmacological inhibition of these signaling pathways in wild type partially recapitulated the ventricular growth defects. Taken together, these data reveal distinct roles of the epicardium during cardiac morphogenesis and signaling pathways underlying epicardial-myocardial crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia L. M. Boezio
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Josephine Gollin
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Shivani Mansingh
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nana Fukuda
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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10
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DeMoya RA, Forman-Rubinsky RE, Fontaine D, Shin J, Watkins SC, Lo C, Tsang M. Sin3a Associated Protein 130kDa, sap130, plays an evolutionary conserved role in zebrafish heart development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.30.534737. [PMID: 37034673 PMCID: PMC10081270 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.534737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a congenital heart disease where the left ventricle is reduced in size. A forward genetic screen in mice identified SIN3A associated protein 130kDa ( Sap130 ), a protein in the chromatin modifying SIN3A/HDAC1 complex, as a gene contributing to the digenic etiology of HLHS. Here, we report the role of zebrafish sap130 genes in heart development. Loss of sap130a, one of two Sap130 orthologs, resulted in smaller ventricle size, a phenotype reminiscent to the hypoplastic left ventricle in mice. While cardiac progenitors were normal during somitogenesis, diminution of the ventricle size suggest the Second Heart Field (SHF) was the source of the defect. To explore the role of sap130a in gene regulation, transcriptome profiling was performed after the heart tube formation to identify candidate pathways and genes responsible for the small ventricle phenotype. Genes involved in cardiac differentiation and cell communication were dysregulated in sap130a , but not in sap130b mutants. Confocal light sheet analysis measured deficits in cardiac output in MZsap130a supporting the notion that cardiomyocyte maturation was disrupted. Lineage tracing experiments revealed a significant reduction of SHF cells in the ventricle that resulted in increased outflow tract size. These data suggest that sap130a is involved in cardiogenesis via regulating the accretion of SHF cells to the growing ventricle and in their subsequent maturation for cardiac function. Further, genetic studies revealed an interaction between hdac1 and sap130a , in the incidence of small ventricles. These studies highlight the conserved role of Sap130a and Hdac1 in zebrafish cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A DeMoya
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Rachel E Forman-Rubinsky
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Deon Fontaine
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Joseph Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Cecilia Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
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11
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Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies murine heart molecular features at embryonic and neonatal stages. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7960. [PMID: 36575170 PMCID: PMC9794824 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart development is a continuous process involving significant remodeling during embryogenesis and neonatal stages. To date, several groups have used single-cell sequencing to characterize the heart transcriptomes but failed to capture the progression of heart development at most stages. This has left gaps in understanding the contribution of each cell type across cardiac development. Here, we report the transcriptional profile of the murine heart from early embryogenesis to late neonatal stages. Through further analysis of this dataset, we identify several transcriptional features. We identify gene expression modules enriched at early embryonic and neonatal stages; multiple cell types in the left and right atriums are transcriptionally distinct at neonatal stages; many congenital heart defect-associated genes have cell type-specific expression; stage-unique ligand-receptor interactions are mostly between epicardial cells and other cell types at neonatal stages; and mutants of epicardium-expressed genes Wt1 and Tbx18 have different heart defects. Assessment of this dataset serves as an invaluable source of information for studies of heart development.
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12
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Qi J, Rittershaus A, Priya R, Mansingh S, Stainier DYR, Helker CSM. Apelin signaling dependent endocardial protrusions promote cardiac trabeculation in zebrafish. eLife 2022; 11:e73231. [PMID: 35225788 PMCID: PMC8916774 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During cardiac development, endocardial cells (EdCs) produce growth factors to promote myocardial morphogenesis and growth. In particular, EdCs produce neuregulin which is required for ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) to seed the multicellular ridges known as trabeculae. Defects in neuregulin signaling, or in endocardial sprouting toward CMs, cause hypotrabeculation. However, the mechanisms underlying endocardial sprouting remain largely unknown. Here, we first show by live imaging in zebrafish embryos that EdCs interact with CMs via dynamic membrane protrusions. After touching CMs, these protrusions remain in close contact with their target despite the vigorous cardiac contractions. Loss of the CM-derived peptide Apelin, or of the Apelin receptor, which is expressed in EdCs, leads to reduced endocardial sprouting and hypotrabeculation. Mechanistically, neuregulin signaling requires endocardial protrusions to induce extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) activity in CMs and trigger their delamination. Altogether, these data show that Apelin signaling-dependent endocardial protrusions modulate CM behavior during trabeculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Qi
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Annegret Rittershaus
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Shivani Mansingh
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Didier YR Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Christian SM Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
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13
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Derrick CJ, Sánchez-Posada J, Hussein F, Tessadori F, Pollitt EJG, Savage AM, Wilkinson RN, Chico TJ, van Eeden FJ, Bakkers J, Noël ES. Asymmetric Hapln1a drives regionalized cardiac ECM expansion and promotes heart morphogenesis in zebrafish development. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:226-240. [PMID: 33616638 PMCID: PMC8752364 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vertebrate heart development requires the complex morphogenesis of a linear tube to form the mature organ, a process essential for correct cardiac form and function, requiring coordination of embryonic laterality, cardiac growth, and regionalized cellular changes. While previous studies have demonstrated broad requirements for extracellular matrix (ECM) components in cardiac morphogenesis, we hypothesized that ECM regionalization may fine tune cardiac shape during heart development. METHODS AND RESULTS Using live in vivo light sheet imaging of zebrafish embryos, we describe a left-sided expansion of the ECM between the myocardium and endocardium prior to the onset of heart looping and chamber ballooning. Analysis using an ECM sensor revealed the cardiac ECM is further regionalized along the atrioventricular axis. Spatial transcriptomic analysis of gene expression in the heart tube identified candidate genes that may drive ECM expansion. This approach identified regionalized expression of hapln1a, encoding an ECM cross-linking protein. Validation of transcriptomic data by in situ hybridization confirmed regionalized hapln1a expression in the heart, with highest levels of expression in the future atrium and on the left side of the tube, overlapping with the observed ECM expansion. Analysis of CRISPR-Cas9-generated hapln1a mutants revealed a reduction in atrial size and reduced chamber ballooning. Loss-of-function analysis demonstrated that ECM expansion is dependent upon Hapln1a, together supporting a role for Hapln1a in regionalized ECM modulation and cardiac morphogenesis. Analysis of hapln1a expression in zebrafish mutants with randomized or absent embryonic left-right asymmetry revealed that laterality cues position hapln1a-expressing cells asymmetrically in the left side of the heart tube. CONCLUSION We identify a regionalized ECM expansion in the heart tube which promotes correct heart development, and propose a novel model whereby embryonic laterality cues orient the axis of ECM asymmetry in the heart, suggesting these two pathways interact to promote robust cardiac morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Derrick
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Juliana Sánchez-Posada
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Farah Hussein
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Federico Tessadori
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Pollitt
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Aaron M Savage
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Robert N Wilkinson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Timothy J Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Fredericus J van Eeden
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Emily S Noël
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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14
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In vivo identification and validation of novel potential predictors for human cardiovascular diseases. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261572. [PMID: 34919578 PMCID: PMC8682894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetics crucially contributes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the global leading cause of death. Since the majority of CVDs can be prevented by early intervention there is a high demand for the identification of predictive causative genes. While genome wide association studies (GWAS) correlate genes and CVDs after diagnosis and provide a valuable resource for such causative candidate genes, often preferentially those with previously known or suspected function are addressed further. To tackle the unaddressed blind spot of understudied genes, we particularly focused on the validation of human heart phenotype-associated GWAS candidates with little or no apparent connection to cardiac function. Building on the conservation of basic heart function and underlying genetics from fish to human we combined CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of the orthologs of human GWAS candidates in isogenic medaka with automated high-throughput heart rate analysis. Our functional analyses of understudied human candidates uncovered a prominent fraction of heart rate associated genes from adult human patients impacting on the heart rate in embryonic medaka already in the injected generation. Following this pipeline, we identified 16 GWAS candidates with potential diagnostic and predictive power for human CVDs.
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15
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Bensimon-Brito A, Boezio GLM, Cardeira-da-Silva J, Wietelmann A, Ramkumar S, Lundegaard PR, Helker CSM, Ramadass R, Piesker J, Nauerth A, Mueller C, Stainier DYR. Integration of multiple imaging platforms to uncover cardiovascular defects in adult zebrafish. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2665-2687. [PMID: 34609500 PMCID: PMC9491864 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Mammalian models have been instrumental in investigating adult heart function and human disease. However, electrophysiological differences with human hearts and high costs motivate the need for non-mammalian models. The zebrafish is a well-established genetic model to study cardiovascular development and function; however, analysis of cardiovascular phenotypes in adult specimens is particularly challenging as they are opaque. Methods and results Here, we optimized and combined multiple imaging techniques including echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and micro-computed tomography to identify and analyse cardiovascular phenotypes in adult zebrafish. Using alk5a/tgfbr1a mutants as a case study, we observed morphological and functional cardiovascular defects that were undetected with conventional approaches. Correlation analysis of multiple parameters revealed an association between haemodynamic defects and structural alterations of the heart, as observed clinically. Conclusion We report a new, comprehensive, and sensitive platform to identify otherwise indiscernible cardiovascular phenotypes in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Giulia L M Boezio
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - João Cardeira-da-Silva
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Scientific Service Group MRI and µ-CT, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Srinath Ramkumar
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Pia R Lundegaard
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Vascular, Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian S M Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Radhan Ramadass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Janett Piesker
- Scientific Service Group Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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16
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Honkoop H, Nguyen PD, van der Velden VEM, Sonnen KF, Bakkers J. Live imaging of adult zebrafish cardiomyocyte proliferation ex vivo. Development 2021; 148:271839. [PMID: 34397091 PMCID: PMC8489017 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are excellent at regenerating their heart by reinitiating proliferation in pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Studying how zebrafish achieve this holds great potential in developing new strategies to boost mammalian heart regeneration. Nevertheless, the lack of appropriate live-imaging tools for the adult zebrafish heart has limited detailed studies into the dynamics underlying cardiomyocyte proliferation. Here, we address this by developing a system in which cardiac slices of the injured zebrafish heart are cultured ex vivo for several days while retaining key regenerative characteristics, including cardiomyocyte proliferation. In addition, we show that the cardiac slice culture system is compatible with live timelapse imaging and allows manipulation of regenerating cardiomyocytes with drugs that normally would have toxic effects that prevent their use. Finally, we use the cardiac slices to demonstrate that adult cardiomyocytes with fully assembled sarcomeres can partially disassemble their sarcomeres in a calpain- and proteasome-dependent manner to progress through nuclear division and cytokinesis. In conclusion, we have developed a cardiac slice culture system, which allows imaging of native cardiomyocyte dynamics in real time to discover cellular mechanisms during heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessel Honkoop
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Phong D Nguyen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katharina F Sonnen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584EA, The Netherlands
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17
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Gandhi S, Witten A, De Majo F, Gilbers M, Maessen J, Schotten U, de Windt LJ, Stoll M. Evolutionarily conserved transcriptional landscape of the heart defining the chamber specific physiology. Genomics 2021; 113:3782-3792. [PMID: 34506887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. A deeper characterization of regional transcription patterns within different heart chambers may aid to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in myocardial function and further, our ability to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we used RNA sequencing to determine differentially expressed protein coding (PC) and long non-coding (lncRNA) transcripts within the heart chambers across seven vertebrate species and identified evolutionarily conserved chamber specific genes, lncRNAs and pathways. We investigated lncRNA homologs based on sequence, secondary structure, synteny and expressional conservation and found most lncRNAs to be conserved by synteny. Regional co-expression patterns of transcripts are modulated by multiple factors, including genomic overlap, strandedness and transcript biotype. Finally, we provide a community resource designated EvoACTG, which informs researchers on the conserved yet intertwined nature of the coding and non-coding cardiac transcriptome across popular model organisms in CVD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Gandhi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Anika Witten
- Institute of Human Genetics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Federica De Majo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Gilbers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Maessen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Department of Physiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Leon J de Windt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Monika Stoll
- Institute of Human Genetics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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18
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Tsedeke AT, Allanki S, Gentile A, Jimenez-Amilburu V, Rasouli SJ, Guenther S, Lai SL, Stainier DY, Marín-Juez R. Cardiomyocyte heterogeneity during zebrafish development and regeneration. Dev Biol 2021; 476:259-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Gentile A, Bensimon-Brito A, Priya R, Maischein HM, Piesker J, Guenther S, Gunawan F, Stainier DYR. The EMT transcription factor Snai1 maintains myocardial wall integrity by repressing intermediate filament gene expression. eLife 2021; 10:e66143. [PMID: 34152269 PMCID: PMC8216718 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Snai1, a well-known regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, has been implicated in early cardiac morphogenesis as well as in cardiac valve formation. However, a role for Snai1 in regulating other aspects of cardiac morphogenesis has not been reported. Using genetic, transcriptomic, and chimeric analyses in zebrafish, we find that Snai1b is required in cardiomyocytes for myocardial wall integrity. Loss of snai1b increases the frequency of cardiomyocyte extrusion away from the cardiac lumen. Extruding cardiomyocytes exhibit increased actomyosin contractility basally as revealed by enrichment of p-myosin and α-catenin epitope α-18, as well as disrupted intercellular junctions. Transcriptomic analysis of wild-type and snai1b mutant hearts revealed the dysregulation of intermediate filament genes, including desmin b (desmb) upregulation. Cardiomyocyte-specific desmb overexpression caused increased cardiomyocyte extrusion, recapitulating the snai1b mutant phenotype. Altogether, these results indicate that Snai1 maintains the integrity of the myocardial epithelium, at least in part by repressing desmb expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gentile
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental GeneticsBad NauheimGermany
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental GeneticsBad NauheimGermany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-MainBad NauheimGermany
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental GeneticsBad NauheimGermany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-MainBad NauheimGermany
| | - Hans-Martin Maischein
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental GeneticsBad NauheimGermany
| | - Janett Piesker
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Microscopy Service GroupBad NauheimGermany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-MainBad NauheimGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing PlatformBad NauheimGermany
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental GeneticsBad NauheimGermany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-MainBad NauheimGermany
| | - Didier YR Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental GeneticsBad NauheimGermany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-MainBad NauheimGermany
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20
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Smith KA, Uribe V. Getting to the Heart of Left-Right Asymmetry: Contributions from the Zebrafish Model. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:64. [PMID: 34199828 PMCID: PMC8230053 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8060064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is laterally asymmetric. Not only is it positioned on the left side of the body but the organ itself is asymmetric. This patterning occurs across scales: at the organism level, through left-right axis patterning; at the organ level, where the heart itself exhibits left-right asymmetry; at the cellular level, where gene expression, deposition of matrix and proteins and cell behaviour are asymmetric; and at the molecular level, with chirality of molecules. Defective left-right patterning has dire consequences on multiple organs; however, mortality and morbidity arising from disrupted laterality is usually attributed to complex cardiac defects, bringing into focus the particulars of left-right patterning of the heart. Laterality defects impact how the heart integrates and connects with neighbouring organs, but the anatomy of the heart is also affected because of its asymmetry. Genetic studies have demonstrated that cardiac asymmetry is influenced by left-right axis patterning and yet the heart also possesses intrinsic laterality, reinforcing the patterning of this organ. These inputs into cardiac patterning are established at the very onset of left-right patterning (formation of the left-right organiser) and continue through propagation of left-right signals across animal axes, asymmetric differentiation of the cardiac fields, lateralised tube formation and asymmetric looping morphogenesis. In this review, we will discuss how left-right asymmetry is established and how that influences subsequent asymmetric development of the early embryonic heart. In keeping with the theme of this issue, we will focus on advancements made through studies using the zebrafish model and describe how its use has contributed considerable knowledge to our understanding of the patterning of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Smith
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
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21
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Persistent Ventricle Partitioning in the Adult Zebrafish Heart. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8040041. [PMID: 33918756 PMCID: PMC8070482 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate heart integrates cells from the early-differentiating first heart field (FHF) and the later-differentiating second heart field (SHF), both emerging from the lateral plate mesoderm. In mammals, this process forms the basis for the development of the left and right ventricle chambers and subsequent chamber septation. The single ventricle-forming zebrafish heart also integrates FHF and SHF lineages during embryogenesis, yet the contributions of these two myocardial lineages to the adult zebrafish heart remain incompletely understood. Here, we characterize the myocardial labeling of FHF descendants in both the developing and adult zebrafish ventricle. Expanding previous findings, late gastrulation-stage labeling using drl-driven CreERT2 recombinase with a myocardium-specific, myl7-controlled, loxP reporter results in the predominant labeling of FHF-derived outer curvature and the right side of the embryonic ventricle. Raised to adulthood, such lineage-labeled hearts retain broad areas of FHF cardiomyocytes in a region of the ventricle that is positioned at the opposite side to the atrium and encompasses the apex. Our data add to the increasing evidence for a persisting cell-based compartmentalization of the adult zebrafish ventricle even in the absence of any physical boundary.
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22
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Kemmler CL, Riemslagh FW, Moran HR, Mosimann C. From Stripes to a Beating Heart: Early Cardiac Development in Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:17. [PMID: 33578943 PMCID: PMC7916704 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first functional organ to form during vertebrate development. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of human birth defect, many originating as anomalies in early heart development. The zebrafish model provides an accessible vertebrate system to study early heart morphogenesis and to gain new insights into the mechanisms of congenital disease. Although composed of only two chambers compared with the four-chambered mammalian heart, the zebrafish heart integrates the core processes and cellular lineages central to cardiac development across vertebrates. The rapid, translucent development of zebrafish is amenable to in vivo imaging and genetic lineage tracing techniques, providing versatile tools to study heart field migration and myocardial progenitor addition and differentiation. Combining transgenic reporters with rapid genome engineering via CRISPR-Cas9 allows for functional testing of candidate genes associated with congenital heart defects and the discovery of molecular causes leading to observed phenotypes. Here, we summarize key insights gained through zebrafish studies into the early patterning of uncommitted lateral plate mesoderm into cardiac progenitors and their regulation. We review the central genetic mechanisms, available tools, and approaches for modeling congenital heart anomalies in the zebrafish as a representative vertebrate model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christian Mosimann
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.L.K.); (F.W.R.); (H.R.M.)
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23
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Martin KE, Waxman JS. Atrial and Sinoatrial Node Development in the Zebrafish Heart. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8020015. [PMID: 33572147 PMCID: PMC7914448 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper development and function of the vertebrate heart is vital for embryonic and postnatal life. Many congenital heart defects in humans are associated with disruption of genes that direct the formation or maintenance of atrial and pacemaker cardiomyocytes at the venous pole of the heart. Zebrafish are an outstanding model for studying vertebrate cardiogenesis, due to the conservation of molecular mechanisms underlying early heart development, external development, and ease of genetic manipulation. Here, we discuss early developmental mechanisms that instruct appropriate formation of the venous pole in zebrafish embryos. We primarily focus on signals that determine atrial chamber size and the specialized pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node through directing proper specification and differentiation, as well as contemporary insights into the plasticity and maintenance of cardiomyocyte identity in embryonic zebrafish hearts. Finally, we integrate how these insights into zebrafish cardiogenesis can serve as models for human atrial defects and arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall E. Martin
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joshua S. Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Yao Y, Marra AN, Yelon D. Pathways Regulating Establishment and Maintenance of Cardiac Chamber Identity in Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:13. [PMID: 33572830 PMCID: PMC7912383 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate heart is comprised of two types of chambers-ventricles and atria-that have unique morphological and physiological properties. Effective cardiac function depends upon the distinct characteristics of ventricular and atrial cardiomyocytes, raising interest in the genetic pathways that regulate chamber-specific traits. Chamber identity seems to be specified in the early embryo by signals that establish ventricular and atrial progenitor populations and trigger distinct differentiation pathways. Intriguingly, chamber-specific features appear to require active reinforcement, even after myocardial differentiation is underway, suggesting plasticity of chamber identity within the developing heart. Here, we review the utility of the zebrafish as a model organism for studying the mechanisms that establish and maintain cardiac chamber identity. By combining genetic and embryological approaches, work in zebrafish has revealed multiple players with potent influences on chamber fate specification and commitment. Going forward, analysis of cardiomyocyte identity at the single-cell level is likely to yield a high-resolution understanding of the pathways that link the relevant players together, and these insights will have the potential to inform future strategies in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (Y.Y.); (A.N.M.)
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25
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Conith AJ, Hope SA, Chhouk BH, Albertson RC. Weak genetic signal for phenotypic integration implicates developmental processes as major regulators of trait covariation. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:464-480. [PMID: 33231336 PMCID: PMC8811731 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic integration is an important metric that describes the degree of covariation among traits in a population, and is hypothesized to arise due to selection for shared functional processes. Our ability to identify the genetic and/or developmental underpinnings of integration is marred by temporally overlapping cell-, tissue- and structure-level processes that serve to continually 'overwrite' the structure of covariation among traits through ontogeny. Here, we examine whether traits that are integrated at the phenotypic level also exhibit a shared genetic basis (e.g. pleiotropy). We micro-CT scanned two hard tissue traits, and two soft tissue traits (mandible, pectoral girdle, atrium and ventricle, respectively) from an F5 hybrid population of Lake Malawi cichlids, and used geometric morphometrics to extract 3D shape information from each trait. Given the large degree of asymmetric variation that may reflect developmental instability, we separated symmetric from asymmetric components of shape variation. We then performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis to determine the degree of genetic overlap between shapes. While we found ubiquitous associations among traits at the phenotypic level, except for a handful of notable exceptions, our QTL analysis revealed few overlapping genetic regions. Taken together, this indicates developmental interactions can play a large role in determining the degree of phenotypic integration among traits, and likely obfuscate the genotype to phenotype map, limiting our ability to gain a comprehensive picture of the genetic contributors responsible for phenotypic divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Conith
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002
| | - Sylvie A. Hope
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002
| | - Brian H Chhouk
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002
| | - R. Craig Albertson
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01002
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26
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Tension heterogeneity directs form and fate to pattern the myocardial wall. Nature 2020; 588:130-134. [PMID: 33208950 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
How diverse cell fates and complex forms emerge and feed back to each other to sculpt functional organs remains unclear. In the developing heart, the myocardium transitions from a simple epithelium to an intricate tissue that consists of distinct layers: the outer compact and inner trabecular layers. Defects in this process, which is known as cardiac trabeculation, cause cardiomyopathies and embryonic lethality, yet how tissue symmetry is broken to specify trabecular cardiomyocytes is unknown. Here we show that local tension heterogeneity drives organ-scale patterning and cell-fate decisions during cardiac trabeculation in zebrafish. Proliferation-induced cellular crowding at the tissue scale triggers tension heterogeneity among cardiomyocytes of the compact layer and drives those with higher contractility to delaminate and seed the trabecular layer. Experimentally, increasing crowding within the compact layer cardiomyocytes augments delamination, whereas decreasing it abrogates delamination. Using genetic mosaics in trabeculation-deficient zebrafish models-that is, in the absence of critical upstream signals such as Nrg-Erbb2 or blood flow-we find that inducing actomyosin contractility rescues cardiomyocyte delamination and is sufficient to drive cardiomyocyte fate specification, as assessed by Notch reporter expression in compact layer cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, Notch signalling perturbs the actomyosin machinery in cardiomyocytes to restrict excessive delamination, thereby preserving the architecture of the myocardial wall. Thus, tissue-scale forces converge on local cellular mechanics to generate complex forms and modulate cell-fate choices, and these multiscale regulatory interactions ensure robust self-organized organ patterning.
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27
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Beisaw A, Kuenne C, Guenther S, Dallmann J, Wu CC, Bentsen M, Looso M, Stainier DYR. AP-1 Contributes to Chromatin Accessibility to Promote Sarcomere Disassembly and Cardiomyocyte Protrusion During Zebrafish Heart Regeneration. Circ Res 2020; 126:1760-1778. [PMID: 32312172 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The adult human heart is an organ with low regenerative potential. Heart failure following acute myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death due to the inability of cardiomyocytes to proliferate and replenish lost cardiac muscle. While the zebrafish has emerged as a powerful model to study endogenous cardiac regeneration, the molecular mechanisms by which cardiomyocytes respond to damage by disassembling sarcomeres, proliferating, and repopulating the injured area remain unclear. Furthermore, we are far from understanding the regulation of the chromatin landscape and epigenetic barriers that must be overcome for cardiac regeneration to occur. OBJECTIVE To identify transcription factor regulators of the chromatin landscape, which promote cardiomyocyte regeneration in zebrafish, and investigate their function. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin coupled to high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-Seq), we first find that the regenerating cardiomyocyte chromatin accessibility landscape undergoes extensive changes following cryoinjury, and that activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding sites are the most highly enriched motifs in regions that gain accessibility during cardiac regeneration. Furthermore, using bioinformatic and gene expression analyses, we find that the AP-1 response in regenerating adult zebrafish cardiomyocytes is largely different from the response in adult mammalian cardiomyocytes. Using a cardiomyocyte-specific dominant negative approach, we show that blocking AP-1 function leads to defects in cardiomyocyte proliferation as well as decreased chromatin accessibility at the fbxl22 and ilk loci, which regulate sarcomere disassembly and cardiomyocyte protrusion into the injured area, respectively. We further show that overexpression of the AP-1 family members Junb and Fosl1 can promote changes in mammalian cardiomyocyte behavior in vitro. CONCLUSIONS AP-1 transcription factors play an essential role in the cardiomyocyte response to injury by regulating chromatin accessibility changes, thereby allowing the activation of gene expression programs that promote cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation, proliferation, and protrusion into the injured area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arica Beisaw
- From the Department of Developmental Genetics (A.B., J.D., C.-C.W., D.Y.R.S.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main (A.B., S.G., D.Y.R.S.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform (C.K., S.G., M.B., M.L.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform (C.K., S.G., M.B., M.L.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main (A.B., S.G., D.Y.R.S.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Julia Dallmann
- From the Department of Developmental Genetics (A.B., J.D., C.-C.W., D.Y.R.S.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Chi-Chung Wu
- From the Department of Developmental Genetics (A.B., J.D., C.-C.W., D.Y.R.S.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mette Bentsen
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform (C.K., S.G., M.B., M.L.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform (C.K., S.G., M.B., M.L.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- From the Department of Developmental Genetics (A.B., J.D., C.-C.W., D.Y.R.S.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main (A.B., S.G., D.Y.R.S.), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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28
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Fukuda R, Aharonov A, Ong YT, Stone OA, El-Brolosy M, Maischein HM, Potente M, Tzahor E, Stainier DY. Metabolic modulation regulates cardiac wall morphogenesis in zebrafish. eLife 2019; 8:50161. [PMID: 31868165 PMCID: PMC7000217 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During cardiac development, cardiomyocytes form complex inner wall structures called trabeculae. Despite significant investigation into this process, the potential role of metabolism has not been addressed. Using single cell resolution imaging in zebrafish, we find that cardiomyocytes seeding the trabecular layer actively change their shape while compact layer cardiomyocytes remain static. We show that Erbb2 signaling, which is required for trabeculation, activates glycolysis to support changes in cardiomyocyte shape and behavior. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis impairs cardiac trabeculation, and cardiomyocyte-specific loss- and gain-of-function manipulations of glycolysis decrease and increase trabeculation, respectively. In addition, loss of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 impairs trabeculation. Experiments with rat neonatal cardiomyocytes in culture further support these observations. Our findings reveal new roles for glycolysis in regulating cardiomyocyte behavior during cardiac wall morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Fukuda
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
| | - Alla Aharonov
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yu Ting Ong
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
| | - Oliver A Stone
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
| | - Mohamed El-Brolosy
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Maischein
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis & Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, Germany
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29
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Mechanical Forces Regulate Cardiomyocyte Myofilament Maturation via the VCL-SSH1-CFL Axis. Dev Cell 2019; 51:62-77.e5. [PMID: 31495694 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces regulate cell behavior and tissue morphogenesis. During cardiac development, mechanical stimuli from the heartbeat are required for cardiomyocyte maturation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we first show that the forces of the contracting heart regulate the localization and activation of the cytoskeletal protein vinculin (VCL), which we find to be essential for myofilament maturation. To further analyze the role of VCL in this process, we examined its interactome in contracting versus non-contracting cardiomyocytes and, in addition to several known interactors, including actin regulators, identified the slingshot protein phosphatase SSH1. We show how VCL recruits SSH1 and its effector, the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin (CFL), to regulate F-actin rearrangement and promote cardiomyocyte myofilament maturation. Overall, our results reveal that mechanical forces generated by cardiac contractility regulate cardiomyocyte maturation through the VCL-SSH1-CFL axis, providing further insight into how mechanical forces are transmitted intracellularly to regulate myofilament maturation.
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30
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Katano W, Moriyama Y, Takeuchi JK, Koshiba-Takeuchi K. Cardiac septation in heart development and evolution. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 61:114-123. [PMID: 30549006 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The heart is one of the vital organs and is functionalized for blood circulation from its early development. Some vertebrates have altered their living environment from aquatic to terrestrial life over the course of evolution and obtained circulatory systems well adapted to their lifestyles. The morphology of the heart has been changed together with the acquisition of a sophisticated respiratory organ, the lung. Adaptation to a terrestrial environment requires the coordination of heart and lung development due to the intake of oxygen from the air and the production of the large amount of energy needed for terrestrial life. Therefore, vertebrates developed pulmonary circulation and a septated heart (four-chambered heart) with venous and arterial blood completely separated. In this review, we summarize how vertebrates change the structures and functions of their circulatory systems according to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Katano
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Japan
| | - Yuuta Moriyama
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun K Takeuchi
- Department of Bio-informational Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Koshiba-Takeuchi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences, Toyo University, Ora-gun, Japan
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31
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Desgrange A, Le Garrec JF, Meilhac SM. Left-right asymmetry in heart development and disease: forming the right loop. Development 2018; 145:145/22/dev162776. [PMID: 30467108 DOI: 10.1242/dev.162776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies have shown how bilateral symmetry of the vertebrate embryo is broken during early development, resulting in a molecular left-right bias in the mesoderm. However, how this early asymmetry drives the asymmetric morphogenesis of visceral organs remains poorly understood. The heart provides a striking model of left-right asymmetric morphogenesis, undergoing rightward looping to shape an initially linear heart tube and align cardiac chambers. Importantly, abnormal left-right patterning is associated with severe congenital heart defects, as exemplified in heterotaxy syndrome. Here, we compare the mechanisms underlying the rightward looping of the heart tube in fish, chick and mouse embryos. We propose that heart looping is not only a question of direction, but also one of fine-tuning shape. This is discussed in the context of evolutionary and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Desgrange
- Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Heart Morphogenesis, 75015 Paris, France.,INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Le Garrec
- Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Heart Morphogenesis, 75015 Paris, France.,INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sigolène M Meilhac
- Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Heart Morphogenesis, 75015 Paris, France .,INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
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32
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Farr GH, Imani K, Pouv D, Maves L. Functional testing of a human PBX3 variant in zebrafish reveals a potential modifier role in congenital heart defects. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035972. [PMID: 30355621 PMCID: PMC6215422 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome and exome sequencing efforts are increasingly identifying candidate genetic variants associated with human disease. However, predicting and testing the pathogenicity of a genetic variant remains challenging. Genome editing allows for the rigorous functional testing of human genetic variants in animal models. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are a prominent example of a human disorder with complex genetics. An inherited sequence variant in the human PBX3 gene (PBX3 p.A136V) has previously been shown to be enriched in a CHD patient cohort, indicating that the PBX3 p.A136V variant could be a modifier allele for CHDs. Pbx genes encode three-amino-acid loop extension (TALE)-class homeodomain-containing DNA-binding proteins with diverse roles in development and disease, and are required for heart development in mouse and zebrafish. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to directly test whether this Pbx gene variant acts as a genetic modifier in zebrafish heart development. We used a single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide to precisely introduce the human PBX3 p.A136V variant in the homologous zebrafish pbx4 gene (pbx4 p.A131V). We observed that zebrafish that are homozygous for pbx4 p.A131V are viable as adults. However, the pbx4 p.A131V variant enhances the embryonic cardiac morphogenesis phenotype caused by loss of the known cardiac specification factor, Hand2. Our study is the first example of using precision genome editing in zebrafish to demonstrate a function for a human disease-associated single nucleotide variant of unknown significance. Our work underscores the importance of testing the roles of inherited variants, not just de novo variants, as genetic modifiers of CHDs. Our study provides a novel approach toward advancing our understanding of the complex genetics of CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gist H Farr
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kimia Imani
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Darren Pouv
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Maves
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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33
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Uribe V, Ramadass R, Dogra D, Rasouli SJ, Gunawan F, Nakajima H, Chiba A, Reischauer S, Mochizuki N, Stainier DYR. In vivo analysis of cardiomyocyte proliferation during trabeculation. Development 2018; 145:145/14/dev164194. [PMID: 30061167 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte proliferation is crucial for cardiac growth, patterning and regeneration; however, few studies have investigated the behavior of dividing cardiomyocytes in vivo Here, we use time-lapse imaging of beating hearts in combination with the FUCCI system to monitor the behavior of proliferating cardiomyocytes in developing zebrafish. Confirming in vitro observations, sarcomere disassembly, as well as changes in cell shape and volume, precede cardiomyocyte cytokinesis. Notably, cardiomyocytes in zebrafish embryos and young larvae mostly divide parallel to the myocardial wall in both the compact and trabecular layers, and cardiomyocyte proliferation is more frequent in the trabecular layer. While analyzing known regulators of cardiomyocyte proliferation, we observed that the Nrg/ErbB2 and TGFβ signaling pathways differentially affect compact and trabecular layer cardiomyocytes, indicating that distinct mechanisms drive proliferation in these two layers. In summary, our data indicate that, in zebrafish, cardiomyocyte proliferation is essential for trabecular growth, but not initiation, and set the stage to further investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving cardiomyocyte proliferation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Uribe
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Radhan Ramadass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Deepika Dogra
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Javad Rasouli
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Ayano Chiba
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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