1
|
Tanke NT, Liu Z, Gore MT, Bougaran P, Linares MB, Marvin A, Sharma A, Oatley M, Yu T, Quigley K, Vest S, Cook JG, Bautch VL. Endothelial Cell Flow-Mediated Quiescence Is Temporally Regulated and Utilizes the Cell Cycle Inhibitor p27. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1265-1282. [PMID: 38602102 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells regulate their cell cycle as blood vessels remodel and transition to quiescence downstream of blood flow-induced mechanotransduction. Laminar blood flow leads to quiescence, but how flow-mediated quiescence is established and maintained is poorly understood. METHODS Primary human endothelial cells were exposed to laminar flow regimens and gene expression manipulations, and quiescence depth was analyzed via time-to-cell cycle reentry after flow cessation. Mouse and zebrafish endothelial expression patterns were examined via scRNA-seq (single-cell RNA sequencing) analysis, and mutant or morphant fish lacking p27 were analyzed for endothelial cell cycle regulation and in vivo cellular behaviors. RESULTS Arterial flow-exposed endothelial cells had a distinct transcriptome, and they first entered a deep quiescence, then transitioned to shallow quiescence under homeostatic maintenance conditions. In contrast, venous flow-exposed endothelial cells entered deep quiescence early that did not change with homeostasis. The cell cycle inhibitor p27 (CDKN1B) was required to establish endothelial flow-mediated quiescence, and expression levels positively correlated with quiescence depth. p27 loss in vivo led to endothelial cell cycle upregulation and ectopic sprouting, consistent with loss of quiescence. HES1 and ID3, transcriptional repressors of p27 upregulated by arterial flow, were required for quiescence depth changes and the reduced p27 levels associated with shallow quiescence. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial cell flow-mediated quiescence has unique properties and temporal regulation of quiescence depth that depends on the flow stimulus. These findings are consistent with a model whereby flow-mediated endothelial cell quiescence depth is temporally regulated downstream of p27 transcriptional regulation by HES1 and ID3. The findings are important in understanding endothelial cell quiescence misregulation that leads to vascular dysfunction and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology (N.T.T., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Michaelanthony T Gore
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Mary B Linares
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Allison Marvin
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Arya Sharma
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kaitlyn Quigley
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Sarah Vest
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (J.G.C.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology (N.T.T., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- McAllister Heart Institute (V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abbey CA, Duran CL, Chen Z, Chen Y, Roy S, Coffell A, Sveeggen TM, Chakraborty S, Wells GB, Chang J, Bayless KJ. Identification of New Markers of Angiogenic Sprouting Using Transcriptomics: New Role for RND3. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:e145-e167. [PMID: 38482696 PMCID: PMC11043006 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New blood vessel formation requires endothelial cells to transition from a quiescent to an invasive phenotype. Transcriptional changes are vital for this switch, but a comprehensive genome-wide approach focused exclusively on endothelial cell sprout initiation has not been reported. METHODS Using a model of human endothelial cell sprout initiation, we developed a protocol to physically separate cells that initiate the process of new blood vessel formation (invading cells) from noninvading cells. We used this model to perform multiple transcriptomics analyses from independent donors to monitor endothelial gene expression changes. RESULTS Single-cell population analyses, single-cell cluster analyses, and bulk RNA sequencing revealed common transcriptomic changes associated with invading cells. We also found that collagenase digestion used to isolate single cells upregulated the Fos proto-oncogene transcription factor. Exclusion of Fos proto-oncogene expressing cells revealed a gene signature consistent with activation of signal transduction, morphogenesis, and immune responses. Many of the genes were previously shown to regulate angiogenesis and included multiple tip cell markers. Upregulation of SNAI1 (snail family transcriptional repressor 1), PTGS2 (prostaglandin synthase 2), and JUNB (JunB proto-oncogene) protein expression was confirmed in invading cells, and silencing JunB and SNAI1 significantly reduced invasion responses. Separate studies investigated rounding 3, also known as RhoE, which has not yet been implicated in angiogenesis. Silencing rounding 3 reduced endothelial invasion distance as well as filopodia length, fitting with a pathfinding role for rounding 3 via regulation of filopodial extensions. Analysis of in vivo retinal angiogenesis in Rnd3 heterozygous mice confirmed a decrease in filopodial length compared with wild-type littermates. CONCLUSIONS Validation of multiple genes, including rounding 3, revealed a functional role for this gene signature early in the angiogenic process. This study expands the list of genes associated with the acquisition of a tip cell phenotype during endothelial cell sprout initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colette A. Abbey
- Texas A&M Health, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan TX
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Camille L. Duran
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Zhishi Chen
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Yanping Chen
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Sukanya Roy
- Texas A&M Health, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan TX
| | - Ashley Coffell
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Timothy M. Sveeggen
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Texas A&M Health, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan TX
| | - Gregg B. Wells
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Jiang Chang
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Kayla J. Bayless
- Texas A&M Health, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan TX
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tanke NT, Liu Z, Gore MT, Bougaran P, Linares MB, Marvin A, Sharma A, Oatley M, Yu T, Quigley K, Vest S, Cook JG, Bautch VL. Endothelial cell flow-mediated quiescence is temporally regulated and utilizes the cell cycle inhibitor p27. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.09.544403. [PMID: 37662222 PMCID: PMC10473767 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.09.544403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Endothelial cells regulate their cell cycle as blood vessels remodel and transition to quiescence downstream of blood flow-induced mechanotransduction. Laminar blood flow leads to quiescence, but how flow-mediated quiescence is established and maintained is poorly understood. Methods Primary human endothelial cells were exposed to laminar flow regimens and gene expression manipulations, and quiescence depth was analyzed via time to cell cycle re-entry after flow cessation. Mouse and zebrafish endothelial expression patterns were examined via scRNA seq analysis, and mutant or morphant fish lacking p27 were analyzed for endothelial cell cycle regulation and in vivo cellular behaviors. Results Arterial flow-exposed endothelial cells had a distinct transcriptome, and they first entered a deep quiescence, then transitioned to shallow quiescence under homeostatic maintenance conditions. In contrast, venous-flow exposed endothelial cells entered deep quiescence early that did not change with homeostasis. The cell cycle inhibitor p27 (CDKN1B) was required to establish endothelial flow-mediated quiescence, and expression levels positively correlated with quiescence depth. p27 loss in vivo led to endothelial cell cycle upregulation and ectopic sprouting, consistent with loss of quiescence. HES1 and ID3, transcriptional repressors of p27 upregulated by arterial flow, were required for quiescence depth changes and the reduced p27 levels associated with shallow quiescence. Conclusions Endothelial cell flow-mediated quiescence has unique properties and temporal regulation of quiescence depth that depends on the flow stimulus. These findings are consistent with a model whereby flow-mediated endothelial cell quiescence depth is temporally regulated downstream of p27 transcriptional regulation by HES1 and ID3. The findings are important in understanding endothelial cell quiescence mis-regulation that leads to vascular dysfunction and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michaelanthony T Gore
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Mary B Linares
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Allison Marvin
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Arya Sharma
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Quigley
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Sarah Vest
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cleuren A, Molema G. Organotypic heterogeneity in microvascular endothelial cell responses in sepsis-a molecular treasure trove and pharmacological Gordian knot. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1252021. [PMID: 38020105 PMCID: PMC10665520 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1252021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, it has become evident that endothelial cells (ECs) in the microvasculature play an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Studies on how ECs orchestrate leukocyte recruitment, control microvascular integrity and permeability, and regulate the haemostatic balance have provided a wealth of knowledge and potential molecular targets that could be considered for pharmacological intervention in sepsis. Yet, this information has not been translated into effective treatments. As MODS affects specific vascular beds, (organotypic) endothelial heterogeneity may be an important contributing factor to this lack of success. On the other hand, given the involvement of ECs in sepsis, this heterogeneity could also be leveraged for therapeutic gain to target specific sites of the vasculature given its full accessibility to drugs. In this review, we describe current knowledge that defines heterogeneity of organ-specific microvascular ECs at the molecular level and elaborate on studies that have reported EC responses across organ systems in sepsis patients and animal models of sepsis. We discuss hypothesis-driven, single-molecule studies that have formed the basis of our understanding of endothelial cell engagement in sepsis pathophysiology, and include recent studies employing high-throughput technologies. The latter deliver comprehensive data sets to describe molecular signatures for organotypic ECs that could lead to new hypotheses and form the foundation for rational pharmacological intervention and biomarker panel development. Particularly results from single cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics studies are eagerly awaited as they are expected to unveil the full spatiotemporal signature of EC responses to sepsis. With increasing awareness of the existence of distinct sepsis subphenotypes, and the need to develop new drug regimen and companion diagnostics, a better understanding of the molecular pathways exploited by ECs in sepsis pathophysiology will be a cornerstone to halt the detrimental processes that lead to MODS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Cleuren
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Grietje Molema
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yoo H, La H, Park C, Yoo S, Lee H, Song H, Do JT, Choi Y, Hong K. Common and distinct functions of mouse Dot1l in the regulation of endothelial transcriptome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1176115. [PMID: 37397258 PMCID: PMC10311421 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1176115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are mandatory for endothelial called lymphangioblasts during cardiovascular development. Dot1l-mediated gene transcription in mice is essential for the development and function of lymphatic ECs (LECs). The role of Dot1l in the development and function of blood ECs blood endothelial cells is unclear. RNA-seq datasets from Dot1l-depleted or -overexpressing BECs and LECs were used to comprehensively analyze regulatory networks of gene transcription and pathways. Dot1l depletion in BECs changed the expression of genes involved in cell-to-cell adhesion and immunity-related biological processes. Dot1l overexpression modified the expression of genes involved in different types of cell-to-cell adhesion and angiogenesis-related biological processes. Genes involved in specific tissue development-related biological pathways were altered in Dot1l-depleted BECs and LECs. Dot1l overexpression altered ion transportation-related genes in BECs and immune response regulation-related genes in LECs. Importantly, Dot1l overexpression in BECs led to the expression of genes related to the angiogenesis and increased expression of MAPK signaling pathways related was found in both Dot1l-overexpressing BECs and LECs. Therefore, our integrated analyses of transcriptomics in Dot1l-depleted and Dot1l-overexpressed ECs demonstrate the unique transcriptomic program of ECs and the differential functions of Dot1l in the regulation of gene transcription in BECs and LECs.
Collapse
|
6
|
Parab S, Setten E, Astanina E, Bussolino F, Doronzo G. The tissue-specific transcriptional landscape underlines the involvement of endothelial cells in health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108418. [PMID: 37088448 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) that line vascular and lymphatic vessels are being increasingly recognized as important to organ function in health and disease. ECs participate not only in the trafficking of gases, metabolites, and cells between the bloodstream and tissues but also in the angiocrine-based induction of heterogeneous parenchymal cells, which are unique to their specific tissue functions. The molecular mechanisms regulating EC heterogeneity between and within different tissues are modeled during embryogenesis and become fully established in adults. Any changes in adult tissue homeostasis induced by aging, stress conditions, and various noxae may reshape EC heterogeneity and induce specific transcriptional features that condition a functional phenotype. Heterogeneity is sustained via specific genetic programs organized through the combinatory effects of a discrete number of transcription factors (TFs) that, at the single tissue-level, constitute dynamic networks that are post-transcriptionally and epigenetically regulated. This review is focused on outlining the TF-based networks involved in EC specialization and physiological and pathological stressors thought to modify their architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Parab
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Elisa Setten
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Czerny CC, Borschel A, Cai M, Otto M, Hoyer-Fender S. FOXA1 is a transcriptional activator of Odf2/Cenexin and regulates primary ciliation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21468. [PMID: 36509813 PMCID: PMC9744847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory organelles essential for embryonic and postnatal development, and tissue homeostasis in adulthood. They are generated in a cell cycle-dependent manner and found on most cells of the body. Although cilia formation is intensively investigated virtually nothing is known about the transcriptional regulation of primary ciliation. We used here Odf2/Cenexin, encoding a protein of the mother centriole and the basal body that is mandatory for primary cilia formation, as the target gene for the identification of transcriptional activators. We identified a consensus binding site for Fox transcription factors (TFs) in its promoter region and focused here on the Fox family. We found transcriptional activation of Odf2 neither by FOXO TFs nor by the core TF for multiciliation, FOXJ1. However, we identified FOXA1 as a transcriptional activator of Odf2 by reporter gene assays and qRT-PCR, and showed by qWB that Foxa1 knockdown caused a decrease in ODF2 and CP110 proteins. We verified the binding sequence of FOXA1 in the Odf2 promoter by ChIP. Finally, we demonstrated that knockdown of FOXA1 affected primary cilia formation. We, thus, showed for the first time, that FOXA1 regulates primary ciliation by transcriptional activation of ciliary genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Carl Czerny
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology – Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-Universität, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anett Borschel
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology – Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-Universität, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mingfang Cai
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology – Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-Universität, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Madeline Otto
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology – Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-Universität, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.424957.90000 0004 0624 9165Present Address: Thermo Fisher Scientific GENEART, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Hoyer-Fender
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute of Zoology and Anthropology – Developmental Biology, GZMB, Ernst-Caspari-Haus, Georg-August-Universität, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deng W, Guo S, van Veluw SJ, Yu Z, Chan SJ, Takase H, Arai K, Ning M, Greenberg SM, Lo EH, Bacskai BJ. Effects of cerebral amyloid angiopathy on the brain vasculome. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13503. [PMID: 35851991 PMCID: PMC9381891 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
β‐amyloid (Aβ) deposits in brain blood vessel walls underlie the vascular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Growing evidence has suggested the involvement of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the initiation and progression of cognitive impairment in AD and CAA patients. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the brain vasculome in a mouse model in order to identify cerebrovascular pathways that may be involved in AD and CAA vascular pathogenesis in the context of aging. Brain endothelial cells were isolated from young and old wild‐type mice, and young and old transgenic mice expressing Swedish mutation in amyloid precursor protein and exon 9 deletion in presenilin 1 (APPswe/PSEN1dE9). Microarray profiling of these endothelial transcriptomes demonstrated that accumulation of vascular Aβ in the aging APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mouse is associated with impaired endothelial expression of neurotransmitter receptors and calcium signaling transductors, while the genes involved in cell cycle and inflammation were upregulated. These results suggest that the vascular pathology of AD and CAA may involve the disruption of neurovascular coupling, reactivation of cell cycle in quiescent endothelial cells, and enhanced inflammation. Further dissection of these endothelial mechanisms may offer opportunities to pursue therapies to ameliorate vascular dysfunction in the aging brain of AD and CAA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Deng
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Department of Radiology and Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA
- Department of Neurology Clinical Proteomics Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Department of Radiology and Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA
| | - Susanne J. van Veluw
- Department of Neurology J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA
| | - Zhanyang Yu
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Department of Radiology and Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA
| | - Su Jing Chan
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Department of Radiology and Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA
| | - Hajime Takase
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Department of Radiology and Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Department of Radiology and Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA
| | - MingMing Ning
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Department of Radiology and Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA
- Department of Neurology Clinical Proteomics Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Steven M. Greenberg
- Department of Neurology J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Department of Radiology and Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA
- Department of Neurology Clinical Proteomics Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Brian J. Bacskai
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown Massachusetts USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ben-Zvi A, Liebner S. Developmental regulation of barrier- and non-barrier blood vessels in the CNS. J Intern Med 2022; 292:31-46. [PMID: 33665890 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for creating and maintaining tissue homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS), which is key for proper neuronal function. In most vertebrates, the BBB is localized to microvascular endothelial cells that acquire barrier properties during angiogenesis of the neuroectoderm. Complex and continuous tight junctions, and the lack of fenestrae combined with low pinocytotic activity render the BBB endothelium a tight barrier for water-soluble molecules that may only enter the CNS via specific transporters. The differentiation of these unique endothelial properties during embryonic development is initiated by endothelial-specific flavours of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a precise spatiotemporal manner. In this review, we summarize the currently known cellular (neural precursor and endothelial cells) and molecular (VEGF and Wnt/β-catenin) mechanisms mediating brain angiogenesis and barrier formation. Moreover, we introduce more recently discovered crosstalk with cellular and acellular elements within the developing CNS such as the extracellular matrix. We discuss recent insights into the downstream molecular mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin in particular, the recently identified target genes like Foxf2, Foxl2, Foxq1, Lef1, Ppard, Zfp551, Zic3, Sox17, Apcdd1 and Fgfbp1 that are involved in refining and maintaining barrier characteristics in the mature BBB endothelium. Additionally, we elute to recent insight into barrier heterogeneity and differential endothelial barrier properties within the CNS, focussing on the circumventricular organs as well as on the neurogenic niches in the subventricular zone and the hippocampus. Finally, open questions and future BBB research directions are highlighted in the context of taking benefit from understanding BBB development for strategies to modulate BBB function under pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ben-Zvi
- From the, The Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Liebner
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Systems (ECCPS), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dhawan P, Vasishta S, Balakrishnan A, Joshi MB. Mechanistic insights into glucose induced vascular epigenetic reprogramming in type 2 diabetes. Life Sci 2022; 298:120490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
11
|
Gifre-Renom L, Daems M, Luttun A, Jones EAV. Organ-Specific Endothelial Cell Differentiation and Impact of Microenvironmental Cues on Endothelial Heterogeneity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031477. [PMID: 35163400 PMCID: PMC8836165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells throughout the body are heterogeneous, and this is tightly linked to the specific functions of organs and tissues. Heterogeneity is already determined from development onwards and ranges from arterial/venous specification to microvascular fate determination in organ-specific differentiation. Acknowledging the different phenotypes of endothelial cells and the implications of this diversity is key for the development of more specialized tissue engineering and vascular repair approaches. However, although novel technologies in transcriptomics and proteomics are facilitating the unraveling of vascular bed-specific endothelial cell signatures, still much research is based on the use of insufficiently specialized endothelial cells. Endothelial cells are not only heterogeneous, but their specialized phenotypes are also dynamic and adapt to changes in their microenvironment. During the last decades, strong collaborations between molecular biology, mechanobiology, and computational disciplines have led to a better understanding of how endothelial cells are modulated by their mechanical and biochemical contexts. Yet, because of the use of insufficiently specialized endothelial cells, there is still a huge lack of knowledge in how tissue-specific biomechanical factors determine organ-specific phenotypes. With this review, we want to put the focus on how organ-specific endothelial cell signatures are determined from development onwards and conditioned by their microenvironments during adulthood. We discuss the latest research performed on endothelial cells, pointing out the important implications of mimicking tissue-specific biomechanical cues in culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Gifre-Renom
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.G.-R.); (M.D.); (A.L.)
| | - Margo Daems
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.G.-R.); (M.D.); (A.L.)
| | - Aernout Luttun
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.G.-R.); (M.D.); (A.L.)
| | - Elizabeth A. V. Jones
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.G.-R.); (M.D.); (A.L.)
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mastej V, Axen C, Wary A, Minshall RD, Wary KK. A requirement for Krüppel Like Factor-4 in the maintenance of endothelial cell quiescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1003028. [PMID: 36425528 PMCID: PMC9679496 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1003028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale and Goal: Endothelial cells (ECs) are quiescent and critical for maintaining homeostatic functions of the mature vascular system, while disruption of quiescence is at the heart of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and tumor angiogenesis. Here, we addressed the hypothesis that KLF4 maintains the EC quiescence. Methods and Results: In ECs, KLF4 bound to KLF2, and the KLF4-transctivation domain (TAD) interacted directly with KLF2. KLF4-depletion increased KLF2 expression, accompanied by phosphorylation of SMAD3, increased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), VCAM-1, TGF-β1, and ACE2, but decreased VE-cadherin expression. In the absence of Klf4, Klf2 bound to the Klf2-promoter/enhancer region and autoregulated its own expression. Loss of EC-Klf4 in Rosa mT/mG ::Klf4 fl/fl ::Cdh5 CreERT2 engineered mice, increased Klf2 levels and these cells underwent EndMT. Importantly, these mice harboring EndMT was also accompanied by lung inflammation, disruption of lung alveolar architecture, and pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusion: In quiescent ECs, KLF2 and KLF4 partnered to regulate a combinatorial mechanism. The loss of KLF4 disrupted this combinatorial mechanism, thereby upregulating KLF2 as an adaptive response. However, increased KLF2 expression overdrives for the loss of KLF4, giving rise to an EndMT phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mastej
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cassondra Axen
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anita Wary
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kishore K Wary
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kato T, Kato K, Shimizu Y, Takefuji M, Murohara T. Treatment with adipose-derived regenerative cells enhances ischemia-induced angiogenesis via exosomal microRNA delivery in mice. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2021; 83:465-476. [PMID: 34552283 PMCID: PMC8438007 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.83.3.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs), mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue, have been shown to stimulate angiogenesis in hind limb ischemia, an effect attributed to paracrine action on endothelial cells (ECs) in mice. Despite promising therapeutic effects, the relevant molecules promoting neovascularization in this setting have not been fully elucidated. Extracellular vesicles, crucial mediators of intercellular communication, are recognized as a new therapeutic modality for regenerative medicine. Here, we found that GW4869, an exosome biogenesis inhibitor targeting neutral sphingomyelinase, impaired ADRCs-mediated angiogenesis and improvement of blood perfusion in a murine hind limb ischemia model. In addition, while the supernatant of ADRCs induced murine EC migration, this effect was attenuated by pre-treatment with GW4869. RNA analysis revealed that treatment of ADRCs with GW4869 reduced the expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21), miR-27b, miR-322, and let-7i in ADRCs-derived exosomes. Furthermore, the exosomes derived from GW4869-treated ADRCs induced the expression of the miR-21 targets Smad7 and Pten, and the miR-322 target Cul2, in ECs. These findings suggest that several miRNAs in ADRCs-derived exosomes contribute to angiogenesis and improvement of blood perfusion in a murine hind limb ischemia model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuuki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun JX, Dou GR, Yang ZY, Liang L, Duan JL, Ruan B, Li MH, Chang TF, Xu XY, Chen JJ, Wang YS, Yan XC, Han H. Notch activation promotes endothelial quiescence by repressing MYC expression via miR-218. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:554-566. [PMID: 34589277 PMCID: PMC8463319 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
After angiogenesis-activated embryonic and early postnatal vascularization, endothelial cells (ECs) in most tissues enter a quiescent state necessary for proper tissue perfusion and EC functions. Notch signaling is essential for maintaining EC quiescence, but the mechanisms of action remain elusive. Here, we show that microRNA-218 (miR-218) is a downstream effector of Notch in quiescent ECs. Notch activation upregulated, while Notch blockade downregulated, miR-218 and its host gene Slit2, likely via transactivation of the Slit2 promoter. Overexpressing miR-218 in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) significantly repressed cell proliferation and sprouting in vitro. Transcriptomics showed that miR-218 overexpression attenuated the MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYC, also known as c-myc) signature. MYC overexpression rescued miR-218-mediated proliferation and sprouting defects in HUVECs. MYC was repressed by miR-218 via multiple mechanisms, including reduction of MYC mRNA, repression of MYC translation by targeting heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), and promoting MYC degradation by targeting EYA3. Inhibition of miR-218 partially reversed Notch-induced repression of HUVEC proliferation and sprouting. In vivo, intravitreal injection of miR-218 reduced retinal EC proliferation accompanied by MYC repression, attenuated pathological choroidal neovascularization, and rescued retinal EC hyper-sprouting induced by Notch blockade. In summary, miR-218 mediates the effect of Notch activation of EC quiescence via MYC and is a potential treatment for angiogenesis-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zi-Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juan-Li Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bai Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Man-Hong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tian-Fang Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juan-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xian-Chun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Singhal M, Gengenbacher N, Pari AAA, Kamiyama M, Hai L, Kuhn BJ, Kallenberg DM, Kulkarni SR, Camilli C, Preuß SF, Leuchs B, Mogler C, Espinet E, Besemfelder E, Heide D, Heikenwalder M, Sprick MR, Trumpp A, Krijgsveld J, Schlesner M, Hu J, Moss SE, Greenwood J, Augustin HG. Temporal multi-omics identifies LRG1 as a vascular niche instructor of metastasis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabe6805. [PMID: 34516824 PMCID: PMC7614902 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe6805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. Tumor cell interactions with cells of the vessel wall are decisive and potentially rate-limiting for metastasis. The molecular nature of this cross-talk is, beyond candidate gene approaches, hitherto poorly understood. Using endothelial cell (EC) bulk and single-cell transcriptomics in combination with serum proteomics, we traced the evolution of the metastatic vascular niche in surgical models of lung metastasis. Temporal multiomics revealed that primary tumors systemically reprogram the body’s vascular endothelium to perturb homeostasis and to precondition the vascular niche for metastatic growth. The vasculature with its enormous surface thereby serves as amplifier of tumor-induced instructive signals. Comparative analysis of lung EC gene expression and secretome identified the transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ) pathway specifier LRG1, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, as an early instructor of metastasis. In the presence of a primary tumor, ECs systemically up-regulated LRG1 in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)–dependent manner. A meta-analysis of retrospective clinical studies revealed a corresponding up-regulation of LRG1 concentrations in the serum of patients with cancer. Functionally, systemic up-regulation of LRG1 promoted metastasis in mice by increasing the number of prometastatic neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2)+ perivascular cells. In turn, genetic deletion of Lrg1 hampered growth of lung metastasis. Postsurgical adjuvant administration of an LRG1-neutralizing antibody delayed metastatic growth and increased overall survival. This study has established a systems map of early primary tumor-induced vascular changes and identified LRG1 as a therapeutic target for metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Singhal
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gengenbacher
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashik Ahmed Abdul Pari
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miki Kamiyama
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ling Hai
- Junior Group Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bianca J. Kuhn
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Divison of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David M. Kallenberg
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Shubhada R. Kulkarni
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carlotta Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie F. Preuß
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Leuchs
- Vector Development & Production Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Espinet
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Divison of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Besemfelder
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Danijela Heide
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin R. Sprick
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Divison of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Divison of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Divison of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Junior Group Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Biomedical Informatics, Data Mining and Data Analytics, Augsburg University, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Junhao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Stephen E. Moss
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - John Greenwood
- Department of Cell Biology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Hellmut G. Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Andrade J, Shi C, Costa ASH, Choi J, Kim J, Doddaballapur A, Sugino T, Ong YT, Castro M, Zimmermann B, Kaulich M, Guenther S, Wilhelm K, Kubota Y, Braun T, Koh GY, Grosso AR, Frezza C, Potente M. Control of endothelial quiescence by FOXO-regulated metabolites. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:413-423. [PMID: 33795871 PMCID: PMC8032556 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) adapt their metabolism to enable the growth of new blood vessels, but little is known how ECs regulate metabolism to adopt a quiescent state. Here, we show that the metabolite S-2-hydroxyglutarate (S-2HG) plays a crucial role in the regulation of endothelial quiescence. We find that S-2HG is produced in ECs after activation of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), where it limits cell cycle progression, metabolic activity and vascular expansion. FOXO1 stimulates S-2HG production by inhibiting the mitochondrial enzyme 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. This inhibition relies on branched-chain amino acid catabolites such as 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, which increase in ECs with activated FOXO1. Treatment of ECs with 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate elicits S-2HG production and suppresses proliferation, causing vascular rarefaction in mice. Our findings identify a metabolic programme that promotes the acquisition of a quiescent endothelial state and highlight the role of metabolites as signalling molecules in the endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Andrade
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Chenyue Shi
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ana S H Costa
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Jeongwoon Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jaeryung Kim
- Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Oncology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Anuradha Doddaballapur
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Toshiya Sugino
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Yu Ting Ong
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Marco Castro
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Zimmermann
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Gene Editing Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wilhelm
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.,Center for Vascular Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ana Rita Grosso
- UCIBIO-Unidade de Ciências Biomoleculares Aplicadas, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia-Universidade Nova de Lisboa Campus de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen J, Sivan U, Tan SL, Lippo L, De Angelis J, Labella R, Singh A, Chatzis A, Cheuk S, Medhghalchi M, Gil J, Hollander G, Marsden BD, Williams R, Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP. High-resolution 3D imaging uncovers organ-specific vascular control of tissue aging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd7819. [PMID: 33536212 PMCID: PMC7857692 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels provide supportive microenvironments for maintaining tissue functions. Age-associated vascular changes and their relation to tissue aging and pathology are poorly understood. Here, we perform 3D imaging of young and aging vascular beds. Multiple organs in mice and humans demonstrate an age-dependent decline in vessel density and pericyte numbers, while highly remodeling tissues such as skin preserve the vasculature. Vascular attrition precedes the appearance of cellular hallmarks of aging such as senescence. Endothelial VEGFR2 loss-of-function mice demonstrate that vascular perturbations are sufficient to stimulate cellular changes coupled with aging. Age-associated tissue-specific molecular changes in the endothelium drive vascular loss and dictate pericyte to fibroblast differentiation. Lineage tracing of perivascular cells with inducible PDGFRβ and NG2 Cre mouse lines demonstrated that increased pericyte to fibroblast differentiation distinguishes injury-induced organ fibrosis and zymosan-induced arthritis. To spur further discoveries, we provide a freely available resource with 3D vascular and tissue maps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Department of Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Unnikrishnan Sivan
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Sin Lih Tan
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Luciana Lippo
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jessica De Angelis
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Rossella Labella
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Amit Singh
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Alexandros Chatzis
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Stanley Cheuk
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mino Medhghalchi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jesus Gil
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Georg Hollander
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian D Marsden
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Structural Genomics Consortium, NDM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Saravana K Ramasamy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
SMAD6 transduces endothelial cell flow responses required for blood vessel homeostasis. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:387-398. [PMID: 33779885 PMCID: PMC8206051 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fluid shear stress provided by blood flow instigates a transition from active blood vessel network expansion during development, to vascular homeostasis and quiescence that is important for mature blood vessel function. Here we show that SMAD6 is required for endothelial cell flow-mediated responses leading to maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Concomitant manipulation of the mechanosensor Notch1 pathway and SMAD6 expression levels revealed that SMAD6 functions downstream of ligand-induced Notch signaling and transcription regulation. Mechanistically, full-length SMAD6 protein was needed to rescue Notch loss-induced flow misalignment. Endothelial cells depleted for SMAD6 had defective barrier function accompanied by upregulation of proliferation-associated genes and down regulation of junction-associated genes. The vascular protocadherin PCDH12 was upregulated by SMAD6 and required for proper flow-mediated endothelial cell alignment, placing it downstream of SMAD6. Thus, SMAD6 is a required transducer of flow-mediated signaling inputs downstream of Notch1 and upstream of PCDH12, as vessels transition from an angiogenic phenotype to maintenance of a homeostatic phenotype.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ricard N, Bailly S, Guignabert C, Simons M. The quiescent endothelium: signalling pathways regulating organ-specific endothelial normalcy. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:565-580. [PMID: 33627876 PMCID: PMC7903932 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are at the interface between circulating blood and tissues. This position confers on them a crucial role in controlling oxygen and nutrient exchange and cellular trafficking between blood and the perfused organs. The endothelium adopts a structure that is specific to the needs and function of each tissue and organ and is subject to tissue-specific signalling input. In adults, endothelial cells are quiescent, meaning that they are not proliferating. Quiescence was considered to be a state in which endothelial cells are not stimulated but are instead slumbering and awaiting activating signals. However, new evidence shows that quiescent endothelium is fully awake, that it constantly receives and initiates functionally important signalling inputs and that this state is actively regulated. Signalling pathways involved in the maintenance of functionally quiescent endothelia are starting to be identified and are a combination of endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and mechanical inputs. The paracrine pathways confer a microenvironment on the endothelial cells that is specific to the perfused organs and tissues. In this Review, we present the current knowledge of organ-specific signalling pathways involved in the maintenance of endothelial quiescence and the pathologies associated with their disruption. Linking organ-specific pathways and human vascular pathologies will pave the way towards the development of innovative preventive strategies and the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ricard
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Sabine Bailly
- grid.457348.9Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, BIG-Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- grid.414221.0INSERM UMR_S 999, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Michael Simons
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Espinet E, Gu Z, Imbusch CD, Giese NA, Büscher M, Safavi M, Weisenburger S, Klein C, Vogel V, Falcone M, Insua-Rodríguez J, Reitberger M, Thiel V, Kossi SO, Muckenhuber A, Sarai K, Lee AYL, Backx E, Zarei S, Gaida MM, Rodríguez-Paredes M, Donato E, Yen HY, Eils R, Schlesner M, Pfarr N, Hackert T, Plass C, Brors B, Steiger K, Weichenhan D, Arda HE, Rooman I, Kopp JL, Strobel O, Weichert W, Sprick MR, Trumpp A. Aggressive PDACs Show Hypomethylation of Repetitive Elements and the Execution of an Intrinsic IFN Program Linked to a Ductal Cell of Origin. Cancer Discov 2020; 11:638-659. [PMID: 33060108 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by extensive desmoplasia, which challenges the molecular analyses of bulk tumor samples. Here we FACS-purified epithelial cells from human PDAC and normal pancreas and derived their genome-wide transcriptome and DNA methylome landscapes. Clustering based on DNA methylation revealed two distinct PDAC groups displaying different methylation patterns at regions encoding repeat elements. Methylationlow tumors are characterized by higher expression of endogenous retroviral transcripts and double-stranded RNA sensors, which lead to a cell-intrinsic activation of an interferon signature (IFNsign). This results in a protumorigenic microenvironment and poor patient outcome. Methylationlow/IFNsignhigh and Methylationhigh/IFNsignlow PDAC cells preserve lineage traits, respective of normal ductal or acinar pancreatic cells. Moreover, ductal-derived Kras G12D/Trp53 -/- mouse PDACs show higher expression of IFNsign compared with acinar-derived counterparts. Collectively, our data point to two different origins and etiologies of human PDACs, with the aggressive Methylationlow/IFNsignhigh subtype potentially targetable by agents blocking intrinsic IFN signaling. SIGNIFICANCE: The mutational landscapes of PDAC alone cannot explain the observed interpatient heterogeneity. We identified two PDAC subtypes characterized by differential DNA methylation, preserving traits from normal ductal/acinar cells associated with IFN signaling. Our work suggests that epigenetic traits and the cell of origin contribute to PDAC heterogeneity.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 521.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Espinet
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zuguang Gu
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles D Imbusch
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, DKFZ and NCT, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalia A Giese
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Büscher
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariam Safavi
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silke Weisenburger
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Klein
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Vogel
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mattia Falcone
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacob Insua-Rodríguez
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Reitberger
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Thiel
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffi O Kossi
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Karnjit Sarai
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alex Y L Lee
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elyne Backx
- Laboratory of Molecular and Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soheila Zarei
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center JGU Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Donato
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hsi-Yu Yen
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Digital Health Centre, Berlin Institute of Health and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Health Data Science Unit, University Hospital and University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Pfarr
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Benedikt Brors
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Applied Bioinformatics, DKFZ and NCT, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Efsun Arda
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center of Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ilse Rooman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Janel L Kopp
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center of Tumor Diseases, NCT, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin R Sprick
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- HI-STEM-Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Role of epigenetic mechanisms regulated by enhancers and long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2020; 35:234-241. [PMID: 32205477 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and related metabolic disorders increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite significant progress in the identification of key mechanisms and genetic polymorphisms linked to various CVDs, the rates of CVDs continue to escalate, underscoring the need to evaluate additional mechanisms for more effective therapies. Environment and lifestyle changes can alter epigenetic mechanisms mediated by histone modifications and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) which play important roles in gene regulation. The review summarizes recent findings on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in CVD. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies identified dysregulated histone modifications and chromatin modifying proteins at cis-regulatory elements, including enhancers/super-enhancers, mediating the expression of genes associated with CVD in vascular and immune cells in response to growth factors and inflammatory mediators. Several lncRNAs have also been reported to contribute to pathological gene expression via cis and trans mechanisms involving interactions with nuclear proteins, co-operation with enhancers/super enhancers and acting as microRNA sponges. SUMMARY Epigenomic approaches in cells affected in CVDs can be exploited to understand the function of genetic polymorphisms at cis-regulatory elements and crosstalk between enhancers and lncRNAs associated with disease susceptibility and progression. The reversible nature of epigenetics provides opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for CVD.
Collapse
|
22
|
Helker CS, Eberlein J, Wilhelm K, Sugino T, Malchow J, Schuermann A, Baumeister S, Kwon HB, Maischein HM, Potente M, Herzog W, Stainier DY. Apelin signaling drives vascular endothelial cells toward a pro-angiogenic state. eLife 2020; 9:55589. [PMID: 32955436 PMCID: PMC7567607 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To form new blood vessels (angiogenesis), endothelial cells (ECs) must be activated and acquire highly migratory and proliferative phenotypes. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern these processes are incompletely understood. Here, we show that Apelin signaling functions to drive ECs into such an angiogenic state. Zebrafish lacking Apelin signaling exhibit defects in endothelial tip cell morphology and sprouting. Using transplantation experiments, we find that in mosaic vessels, wild-type ECs leave the dorsal aorta (DA) and form new vessels while neighboring ECs defective in Apelin signaling remain in the DA. Mechanistically, Apelin signaling enhances glycolytic activity in ECs at least in part by increasing levels of the growth-promoting transcription factor c-Myc. Moreover, APELIN expression is regulated by Notch signaling in human ECs, and its function is required for the hypersprouting phenotype in Delta-like 4 (Dll4) knockdown zebrafish embryos. These data provide new insights into fundamental principles of blood vessel formation and Apelin signaling, enabling a better understanding of vascular growth in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sm Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Philipps-University Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Signaling and Dynamics, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jean Eberlein
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Philipps-University Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Signaling and Dynamics, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wilhelm
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Toshiya Sugino
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Julian Malchow
- Philipps-University Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Signaling and Dynamics, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Baumeister
- Philipps-University Marburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Signaling and Dynamics, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hyouk-Bum Kwon
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Maischein
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michael Potente
- Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiebke Herzog
- University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany
| | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tacconi C, He Y, Ducoli L, Detmar M. Epigenetic regulation of the lineage specificity of primary human dermal lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 2020; 24:67-82. [PMID: 32918672 PMCID: PMC7921079 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells (ECs) share several molecular and developmental features. However, these two cell types possess distinct phenotypic signatures, reflecting their different biological functions. Despite significant advances in elucidating how the specification of lymphatic and blood vascular ECs is regulated at the transcriptional level during development, the key molecular mechanisms governing their lineage identity under physiological or pathological conditions remain poorly understood. To explore the epigenomic signatures in the maintenance of EC lineage specificity, we compared the transcriptomic landscapes, histone composition (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) and DNA methylomes of cultured matched human primary dermal lymphatic and blood vascular ECs. Our findings reveal that blood vascular lineage genes manifest a more ‘repressed’ histone composition in lymphatic ECs, whereas DNA methylation at promoters is less linked to the differential transcriptomes of lymphatic versus blood vascular ECs. Meta-analyses identified two transcriptional regulators, BCL6 and MEF2C, which potentially govern endothelial lineage specificity. Notably, the blood vascular endothelial lineage markers CD34, ESAM and FLT1 and the lymphatic endothelial lineage markers PROX1, PDPN and FLT4 exhibited highly differential epigenetic profiles and responded in distinct manners to epigenetic drug treatments. The perturbation of histone and DNA methylation selectively promoted the expression of blood vascular endothelial markers in lymphatic endothelial cells, but not vice versa. Overall, our study reveals that the fine regulation of lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial transcriptomes is maintained via several epigenetic mechanisms, which are crucial to the maintenance of endothelial cell identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI H303, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuliang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI H303, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Ducoli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI H303, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI H303, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hiepen C, Mendez PL, Knaus P. It Takes Two to Tango: Endothelial TGFβ/BMP Signaling Crosstalk with Mechanobiology. Cells 2020; 9:E1965. [PMID: 32858894 PMCID: PMC7564048 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily of cytokines. While some ligand members are potent inducers of angiogenesis, others promote vascular homeostasis. However, the precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions is still a growing research field. In bone, the tissue in which BMPs were first discovered, crosstalk of TGFβ/BMP signaling with mechanobiology is well understood. Likewise, the endothelium represents a tissue that is constantly exposed to multiple mechanical triggers, such as wall shear stress, elicited by blood flow or strain, and tension from the surrounding cells and to the extracellular matrix. To integrate mechanical stimuli, the cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in the transduction of these forces in endothelial cells. Importantly, mechanical forces integrate on several levels of the TGFβ/BMP pathway, such as receptors and SMADs, but also global cell-architecture and nuclear chromatin re-organization. Here, we summarize the current literature on crosstalk mechanisms between biochemical cues elicited by TGFβ/BMP growth factors and mechanical cues, as shear stress or matrix stiffness that collectively orchestrate endothelial function. We focus on the different subcellular compartments in which the forces are sensed and integrated into the TGFβ/BMP growth factor signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petra Knaus
- Knaus-Lab/Signal Transduction, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (C.H.); (P.-L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Oatley M, Bölükbası ÖV, Svensson V, Shvartsman M, Ganter K, Zirngibl K, Pavlovich PV, Milchevskaya V, Foteva V, Natarajan KN, Baying B, Benes V, Patil KR, Teichmann SA, Lancrin C. Single-cell transcriptomics identifies CD44 as a marker and regulator of endothelial to haematopoietic transition. Nat Commun 2020; 11:586. [PMID: 31996681 PMCID: PMC6989687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial to haematopoietic transition (EHT) is the process whereby haemogenic endothelium differentiates into haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The intermediary steps of this process are unclear, in particular the identity of endothelial cells that give rise to HSPCs is unknown. Using single-cell transcriptome analysis and antibody screening, we identify CD44 as a marker of EHT enabling us to isolate robustly the different stages of EHT in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. This allows us to provide a detailed phenotypical and transcriptional profile of CD44-positive arterial endothelial cells from which HSPCs emerge. They are characterized with high expression of genes related to Notch signalling, TGFbeta/BMP antagonists, a downregulation of genes related to glycolysis and the TCA cycle, and a lower rate of cell cycle. Moreover, we demonstrate that by inhibiting the interaction between CD44 and its ligand hyaluronan, we can block EHT, identifying an additional regulator of HSPC development. The endothelial to haematopoietic transition (EHT) is the process where haemogenic endothelium differentiates into haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here the authors use single cell transcriptomics and antibody screening to identify CD44 as a marker of EHT that is required for EHT and HSPC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Oatley
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Özge Vargel Bölükbası
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Valentine Svensson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK.,Pachter Lab, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Maya Shvartsman
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Kerstin Ganter
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Katharina Zirngibl
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Polina V Pavlovich
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Per. 9, Moscow Region, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia.,Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vladislava Milchevskaya
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institut für Medizinische Statistik und Bioinformatik, Bachemer Strasse 86, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Vladimira Foteva
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Kedar N Natarajan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Southern Denmark, Danish Institute for Advanced Study, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Bianka Baying
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genomics Core Facility, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genomics Core Facility, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kiran R Patil
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Christophe Lancrin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Rome - Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sabbatinelli J, Prattichizzo F, Olivieri F, Procopio AD, Rippo MR, Giuliani A. Where Metabolism Meets Senescence: Focus on Endothelial Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1523. [PMID: 31920721 PMCID: PMC6930181 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the decline in their proliferative potential, senescent cells display a high metabolic activity. Senescent cells have been shown to acquire a more glycolytic state even in presence of high oxygen levels, in a way similar to cancer cells. The diversion of pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, away from oxidative phosphorylation results in an altered bioenergetic state and may occur as a response to the enhanced oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. This metabolic shift leads to increased AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP ratios, to the subsequent AMPK activation, and ultimately to p53-mediated growth arrest. Mounting evidences suggest that metabolic reprogramming is critical to direct considerable amounts of energy toward specific activities related to the senescent state, including the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and the modulation of immune responses within senescent cell tissue microenvironment. Interestingly, despite the relative abundance of oxygen in the vascular compartment, healthy endothelial cells (ECs) produce most of their ATP content from the anaerobic conversion of glucose to lactate. Their high glycolytic rate further increases during senescence. Alterations in EC metabolism have been identified in age-related diseases (ARDs) associated with a dysfunctional vasculature, including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, higher production of reactive oxygen species deriving from a variety of enzymatic sources, including uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the electron transport chain, causes DNA damage and activates the NAD+-consuming enzymes polyADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). These non-physiological mechanisms drive the impairment of the glycolytic flux and the diversion of glycolytic intermediates into many pathological pathways. Of note, accumulation of senescent ECs has been reported in the context of ARDs. Through their pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, vasoconstrictor, and prothrombotic activities, they negatively impact on vascular physiology, promoting both the onset and development of ARDs. Here, we review the current knowledge on the cellular senescence-related metabolic changes and their contribution to the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ARDs, with a particular focus on ECs. Moreover, current and potential interventions aimed at modulating EC metabolism, in order to prevent or delay ARD onset, will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Singhal M, Augustin HG. Beyond Angiogenesis: Exploiting Angiocrine Factors to Restrict Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2019; 80:659-662. [PMID: 31831463 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Looking beyond tumor angiogenesis, the past decade has witnessed a fundamental change of paradigm with the discovery that the vascular endothelium does not just respond to exogenous cytokines, but exerts active "angiocrine" gatekeeper roles, controlling their microenvironment in an instructive manner. While vascular niches host disseminated cancer cells and promote their stemness, endothelial cell-derived angiocrine signals orchestrate a favorable immune milieu to facilitate metastatic growth. Here, we discuss recent advances in the field of tumor microenvironment research and propose angiocrine signals as promising targets of future mechanism-driven antimetastatic therapies, which may prove useful to synergistically combine with chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Singhal
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hellmut G Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Martinez VG, Munera-Maravilla E, Bernardini A, Rubio C, Suarez-Cabrera C, Segovia C, Lodewijk I, Dueñas M, Martínez-Fernández M, Paramio JM. Epigenetics of Bladder Cancer: Where Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Meet. Front Genet 2019; 10:1125. [PMID: 31850055 PMCID: PMC6902278 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasia of the urothelial tract. Due to its high incidence, prevalence, recurrence and mortality, it remains an unsolved clinical and social problem. The treatment of BC is challenging and, although immunotherapies have revealed potential benefit in a percentage of patients, it remains mostly an incurable disease at its advanced state. Epigenetic alterations, including aberrant DNA methylation, altered chromatin remodeling and deregulated expression of non-coding RNAs are common events in BC and can be driver events in BC pathogenesis. Accordingly, these epigenetic alterations are now being used as potential biomarkers for these disorders and are being envisioned as potential therapeutic targets for the future management of BC. In this review, we summarize the recent findings in these emerging and exciting new aspects paving the way for future clinical treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor G. Martinez
- Biomedical Research Institute I + 12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Munera-Maravilla
- Biomedical Research Institute I + 12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Bernardini
- Biomedical Research Institute I + 12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Rubio
- Biomedical Research Institute I + 12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Suarez-Cabrera
- Biomedical Research Institute I + 12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Segovia
- Biomedical Research Institute I + 12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Lodewijk
- Biomedical Research Institute I + 12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Dueñas
- Biomedical Research Institute I + 12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Fernández
- Genomes & Disease Lab, CiMUS (Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesus Maria Paramio
- Biomedical Research Institute I + 12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The in vivo endothelial cell translatome is highly heterogeneous across vascular beds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23618-23624. [PMID: 31712416 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912409116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are highly specialized across vascular beds. However, given their interspersed anatomic distribution, comprehensive characterization of the molecular basis for this heterogeneity in vivo has been limited. By applying endothelial-specific translating ribosome affinity purification (EC-TRAP) combined with high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis, we identified pan EC-enriched genes and tissue-specific EC transcripts, which include both established markers and genes previously unappreciated for their presence in ECs. In addition, EC-TRAP limits changes in gene expression after EC isolation and in vitro expansion, as well as rapid vascular bed-specific shifts in EC gene expression profiles as a result of the enzymatic tissue dissociation required to generate single-cell suspensions for fluorescence-activated cell sorting or single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Comparison of our EC-TRAP with published single-cell RNA sequencing data further demonstrates considerably greater sensitivity of EC-TRAP for the detection of low abundant transcripts. Application of EC-TRAP to examine the in vivo host response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) revealed the induction of gene expression programs associated with a native defense response, with marked differences across vascular beds. Furthermore, comparative analysis of whole-tissue and TRAP-selected mRNAs identified LPS-induced differences that would not have been detected by whole-tissue analysis alone. Together, these data provide a resource for the analysis of EC-specific gene expression programs across heterogeneous vascular beds under both physiologic and pathologic conditions.
Collapse
|
30
|
Handumrongkul C, Ye AL, Chmura SA, Soroceanu L, Mack M, Ice RJ, Thistle R, Myers M, Ursu SJ, Liu Y, Kashani-Sabet M, Heath TD, Liggitt D, Lewis DB, Debs R. Durable multitransgene expression in vivo using systemic, nonviral DNA delivery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax0217. [PMID: 31807699 PMCID: PMC6881169 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are transforming therapies for rare human monogenic deficiency diseases. However, adaptive immune responses to AAV and its limited DNA insert capacity, restrict their therapeutic potential. HEDGES (high-level extended duration gene expression system), a nonviral DNA- and liposome-based gene delivery platform, overcomes these limitations in immunocompetent mice. Specifically, one systemic HEDGES injection durably produces therapeutic levels of transgene-encoded human proteins, including FDA-approved cytokines and monoclonal antibodies, without detectable integration into genomic DNA. HEDGES also controls protein production duration from <3 weeks to >1.5 years, does not induce anti-vector immune responses, is reexpressed for prolonged periods following reinjection, and produces only transient minimal toxicity. HEDGES can produce extended therapeutic levels of multiple transgene-encoded therapeutic human proteins from DNA inserts >1.5-fold larger than AAV-based therapeutics, thus creating combinatorial interventions to effectively treat common polygenic diseases driven by multigenic abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liliana Soroceanu
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Ryan J. Ice
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Thistle
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Sarah J. Ursu
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- DNARx LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Denny Liggitt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David B. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert Debs
- DNARx LLC, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The strigolactone analog GR-24 inhibits angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro by a mechanism involving cytoskeletal reorganization and VEGFR2 signalling. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 168:366-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
32
|
Endothelial Colony Forming Cells as an Autologous Model to Study Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with a Bicuspid Aortic Valve. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133251. [PMID: 31269711 PMCID: PMC6651394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common congenital heart defect, is associated with an increased prevalence of aortic dilation, aortic rupture and aortic valve calcification. Endothelial cells (ECs) play a major role in vessel wall integrity. Little is known regarding EC function in BAV patients due to lack of patient derived primary ECs. Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) have been reported to be a valid surrogate model for several cardiovascular pathologies, thereby facilitating an in vitro system to assess patient-specific endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate cellular functions in ECFCs isolated from BAV patients. Outgrowth and proliferation of ECFCs from patients with BAV (n = 34) and controls with a tricuspid aortic valve (TAV, n = 10) were determined and related to patient characteristics. Interestingly, we were only able to generate ECFCs from TAV and BAV patients without aortic dilation, and failed to isolate ECFC colonies from patients with a dilated aorta. Analyzing EC function showed that while proliferation, cell size and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition were similar in TAV and BAV ECFCs, migration and the wound healing capacity of BAV ECFCs is significantly higher compared to TAV ECFCs. Furthermore, calcification is blunted in BAV compared to TAV ECFCs. Our results reveal ECs dysfunction in BAV patients and future research is required to unravel the underlying mechanisms and to further validate ECFCs as a patient-specific in vitro model for BAV.
Collapse
|
33
|
Steinbichler TB, Dudás J, Skvortsov S, Ganswindt U, Riechelmann H, Skvortsova II. Therapy resistance mediated by cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:156-167. [PMID: 30471331 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) possess abilities generally associated with embryonic or adult stem cells, especially self-renewal and differentiation. The CSC model assumes that this subpopulation of cells sustains malignant growth, which suggests a hierarchical organization of tumors in which CSCs are on top and responsible for the generation of intratumoral heterogeneity. Effective tumor therapy requires the eradication of CSC as they can support regrowth of the tumor resulting in recurrence. However, eradication of CSC is difficult because they frequently are therapy resistant. Therapy resistance is mediated by the acquisition of dormancy, increased DNA repair and drug efflux capacity, decreased apoptosis as well as the interaction between CSC and their supporting microenvironment, the CSC niche. This review highlights the role of CSC in chemo- and radiotherapy resistance as well as possible ways to overcome CSC mediated therapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - József Dudás
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sergej Skvortsov
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira-Ida Skvortsova
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; EXTRO-Lab, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wylie LA, Mouillesseaux KP, Chong DC, Bautch VL. Developmental SMAD6 loss leads to blood vessel hemorrhage and disrupted endothelial cell junctions. Dev Biol 2018; 442:199-209. [PMID: 30098998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The BMP pathway regulates developmental processes including angiogenesis, yet its signaling outputs are complex and context-dependent. Recently, we showed that SMAD6, an intracellular BMP inhibitor expressed in endothelial cells, decreases vessel sprouting and branching both in vitro and in zebrafish. Genetic deletion of SMAD6 in mice results in poorly characterized cardiovascular defects and lethality. Here, we analyzed the effects of SMAD6 loss on vascular function during murine development. SMAD6 was expressed in a subset of blood vessels throughout development, primarily in arteries, while expression outside of the vasculature was largely confined to developing cardiac valves with no obvious embryonic phenotype. Mice deficient in SMAD6 died during late gestation and early stages of postnatal development, and this lethality was associated with vessel hemorrhage. Mice that survived past birth had increased branching and sprouting of developing postnatal retinal vessels and disorganized tight and adherens junctions. In vitro, knockdown of SMAD6 led to abnormal endothelial cell adherens junctions and increased VE-cadherin endocytosis, indicative of activated endothelium. Thus, SMAD6 is essential for proper blood vessel function during murine development, where it appears to stabilize endothelial junctions to prevent hemorrhage and aberrant angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay A Wylie
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Diana C Chong
- Dept. of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|