1
|
Myeong J, Stunault MI, Klyachko VA, Ashrafi G. Metabolic regulation of single synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis in hippocampal synapses. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114218. [PMID: 38758651 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose has long been considered a primary energy source for synaptic function. However, it remains unclear to what extent alternative fuels, such as lactate/pyruvate, contribute to powering synaptic transmission. By detecting individual release events in hippocampal synapses, we find that mitochondrial ATP production regulates basal vesicle release probability and release location within the active zone (AZ), evoked by single action potentials. Mitochondrial inhibition shifts vesicle release closer to the AZ center and alters the efficiency of vesicle retrieval by increasing the occurrence of ultrafast endocytosis. Furthermore, we uncover that terminals can use oxidative fuels to maintain the vesicle cycle during trains of activity. Mitochondria are sparsely distributed along hippocampal axons, and we find that terminals containing mitochondria display enhanced vesicle release and reuptake during high-frequency trains. Our findings suggest that mitochondria not only regulate several fundamental features of synaptic transmission but may also contribute to modulation of short-term synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongyun Myeong
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marion I Stunault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vitaly A Klyachko
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Ghazaleh Ashrafi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lénárt N, Cserép C, Császár E, Pósfai B, Dénes Á. Microglia-neuron-vascular interactions in ischemia. Glia 2024; 72:833-856. [PMID: 37964690 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a devastating condition that results in impaired blood flow in the brain leading to acute brain injury. As the most common form of stroke, occlusion of cerebral arteries leads to a characteristic sequence of pathophysiological changes in the brain tissue. The mechanisms involved, and comorbidities that determine outcome after an ischemic event appear to be highly heterogeneous. On their own, the processes leading to neuronal injury in the absence of sufficient blood supply to meet the metabolic demand of the cells are complex and manifest at different temporal and spatial scales. While the contribution of non-neuronal cells to stroke pathophysiology is increasingly recognized, recent data show that microglia, the main immune cells of the central nervous system parenchyma, play previously unrecognized roles in basic physiological processes beyond their inflammatory functions, which markedly change during ischemic conditions. In this review, we aim to discuss some of the known microglia-neuron-vascular interactions assumed to contribute to the acute and delayed pathologies after cerebral ischemia. Because the mechanisms of neuronal injury have been extensively discussed in several excellent previous reviews, here we focus on some recently explored pathways that may directly or indirectly shape neuronal injury through microglia-related actions. These discoveries suggest that modulating gliovascular processes in different forms of stroke and other neurological disorders might have presently unexplored therapeutic potential in combination with neuroprotective and flow restoration strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Lénárt
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Cserép
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Császár
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Doser RL, Knight KM, Deihl EW, Hoerndli FJ. Activity-dependent mitochondrial ROS signaling regulates recruitment of glutamate receptors to synapses. eLife 2024; 13:e92376. [PMID: 38483244 PMCID: PMC10990490 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of mitochondrial signaling in the nervous system has been limited by the technical challenge of analyzing mitochondrial function in vivo. In the transparent genetic model Caenorhabditis elegans, we were able to manipulate and measure mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) signaling of individual mitochondria as well as neuronal activity of single neurons in vivo. Using this approach, we provide evidence supporting a novel role for mitoROS signaling in dendrites of excitatory glutamatergic C. elegans interneurons. Specifically, we show that following neuronal activity, dendritic mitochondria take up calcium (Ca2+) via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU-1) that results in an upregulation of mitoROS production. We also observed that mitochondria are positioned in close proximity to synaptic clusters of GLR-1, the C. elegans ortholog of the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors that mediate neuronal excitation. We show that synaptic recruitment of GLR-1 is upregulated when MCU-1 function is pharmacologically or genetically impaired but is downregulated by mitoROS signaling. Thus, signaling from postsynaptic mitochondria may regulate excitatory synapse function to maintain neuronal homeostasis by preventing excitotoxicity and energy depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Doser
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Kaz M Knight
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Ennis W Deihl
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| | - Frederic J Hoerndli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hunter I, Coulson B, Pettini T, Davies JJ, Parkin J, Landgraf M, Baines RA. Balance of activity during a critical period tunes a developing network. eLife 2024; 12:RP91599. [PMID: 38193543 PMCID: PMC10945558 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing neural circuits are influenced by activity and are especially sensitive to changes in activity during critical periods (CPs) of development. Changes occurring during a CP often become 'locked in' so that they affect the mature network. Indeed, several neurodevelopmental disorders have been linked to excessive activity during such periods. It is, therefore, important to identify those aspects of neural circuit development that are influenced by neural activity during a CP. In this study, we take advantage of the genetic tractability of Drosophila to show that activity perturbation during an embryonic CP permanently alters properties of the locomotor circuit. Specific changes we identify include increased synchronicity of motoneuron activity and greater strengthening of excitatory over inhibitory synaptic drive to motoneurons. These changes are sufficient to reduce network robustness, evidenced by increased sensitivity to induced seizure. We also show that we can rescue these changes when increased activity is mitigated by inhibition provided by mechanosensory neurons. Similarly, we demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between inhibition experienced during the CP and the extent to which it is possible to rescue the hyperexcitable phenotype characteristic of the parabss mutation. This suggests that developing circuits must be exposed to a properly balanced sum of excitation and inhibition during the CP to achieve normal mature network function. Our results, therefore, provide novel insight into how activity during a CP shapes specific elements of a circuit, and how activity during this period is integrated to tune neural circuits to the environment in which they will likely function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain Hunter
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Bramwell Coulson
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Tom Pettini
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jacob J Davies
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Jill Parkin
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthias Landgraf
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard A Baines
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Petrov AM. Oxysterols in Central and Peripheral Synaptic Communication. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:91-123. [PMID: 38036877 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a key molecule for synaptic transmission, and both central and peripheral synapses are cholesterol rich. During intense neuronal activity, a substantial portion of synaptic cholesterol can be oxidized by either enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathways to form oxysterols, which in turn modulate the activities of neurotransmitter receptors (e.g., NMDA and adrenergic receptors), signaling molecules (nitric oxide synthases, protein kinase C, liver X receptors), and synaptic vesicle cycling involved in neurotransmitters release. 24-Hydroxycholesterol, produced by neurons in the brain, could directly affect neighboring synapses and change neurotransmission. 27-Hydroxycholesterol, which can cross the blood-brain barrier, can alter both synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Increased generation of 25-hydroxycholesterol by activated microglia and macrophages could link inflammatory processes to learning and neuronal regulation. Amyloids and oxidative stress can lead to an increase in the levels of ring-oxidized sterols and some of these oxysterols (4-cholesten-3-one, 5α-cholestan-3-one, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol) have a high potency to disturb or modulate neurotransmission at both the presynaptic and postsynaptic levels. Overall, oxysterols could be used as "molecular prototypes" for therapeutic approaches. Analogs of 24-hydroxycholesterol (SGE-301, SGE-550, SAGE718) can be used for correction of NMDA receptor hypofunction-related states, whereas inhibitors of cholesterol 24-hydroxylase, cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, and cholest-4-en-3-one oxime (olesoxime) can be utilized as potential anti-epileptic drugs and (or) protectors from excitotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, RT, Russia.
- Kazan State Medial University, Kazan, RT, Russia.
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, RT, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang Z. Evidence that Alzheimer's Disease Is a Disease of Competitive Synaptic Plasticity Gone Awry. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:447-470. [PMID: 38669548 PMCID: PMC11119021 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that a physiological function of amyloid-β (Aβ) is to mediate neural activity-dependent homeostatic and competitive synaptic plasticity in the brain. I have previously summarized the lines of evidence supporting this hypothesis and highlighted the similarities between Aβ and anti-microbial peptides in mediating cell/synapse competition. In cell competition, anti-microbial peptides deploy a multitude of mechanisms to ensure both self-protection and competitor elimination. Here I review recent studies showing that similar mechanisms are at play in Aβ-mediated synapse competition and perturbations in these mechanisms underpin Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specifically, I discuss evidence that Aβ and ApoE, two crucial players in AD, co-operate in the regulation of synapse competition. Glial ApoE promotes self-protection by increasing the production of trophic monomeric Aβ and inhibiting its assembly into toxic oligomers. Conversely, Aβ oligomers, once assembled, promote the elimination of competitor synapses via direct toxic activity and amplification of "eat-me" signals promoting the elimination of weak synapses. I further summarize evidence that neuronal ApoE may be part of a gene regulatory network that normally promotes competitive plasticity, explaining the selective vulnerability of ApoE expressing neurons in AD brains. Lastly, I discuss evidence that sleep may be key to Aβ-orchestrated plasticity, in which sleep is not only induced by Aβ but is also required for Aβ-mediated plasticity, underlining the link between sleep and AD. Together, these results strongly argue that AD is a disease of competitive synaptic plasticity gone awry, a novel perspective that may promote AD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Willemen HLDM, Santos Ribeiro PS, Broeks M, Meijer N, Versteeg S, Tiggeler A, de Boer TP, Małecki JM, Falnes PØ, Jans J, Eijkelkamp N. Inflammation-induced mitochondrial and metabolic disturbances in sensory neurons control the switch from acute to chronic pain. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101265. [PMID: 37944527 PMCID: PMC10694662 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Pain often persists in patients with an inflammatory disease, even when inflammation has subsided. The molecular mechanisms leading to this failure in pain resolution and the transition to chronic pain are poorly understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction in sensory neurons links to chronic pain, but its role in resolution of inflammatory pain is unclear. Transient inflammation causes neuronal plasticity, called hyperalgesic priming, which impairs resolution of pain induced by a subsequent inflammatory stimulus. We identify that hyperalgesic priming in mice increases the expression of a mitochondrial protein (ATPSc-KMT) and causes mitochondrial and metabolic disturbances in sensory neurons. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, knockdown of ATPSCKMT expression, or supplementation of the affected metabolite is sufficient to restore resolution of inflammatory pain and prevents chronic pain development. Thus, inflammation-induced mitochondrial-dependent disturbances in sensory neurons predispose to a failure in resolution of inflammatory pain and development of chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke L D M Willemen
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrícia Silva Santos Ribeiro
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Broeks
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nils Meijer
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Versteeg
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annefien Tiggeler
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Teun P de Boer
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division of Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jędrzej M Małecki
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; CRES-O - Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Ø Falnes
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; CRES-O - Centre for Embryology and Healthy Development, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Judith Jans
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Eijkelkamp
- Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Madhwani KR, Sayied S, Ogata CH, Hogan CA, Lentini JM, Mallik M, Dumouchel JL, Storkebaum E, Fu D, O’Connor-Giles KM. tRNA modification enzyme-dependent redox homeostasis regulates synapse formation and memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.566895. [PMID: 38014328 PMCID: PMC10680711 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.566895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional modification of RNA regulates gene expression at multiple levels. ALKBH8 is a tRNA modifying enzyme that methylates wobble uridines in specific tRNAs to modulate translation. Through methylation of tRNA-selenocysteine, ALKBH8 promotes selenoprotein synthesis and regulates redox homeostasis. Pathogenic variants in ALKBH8 have been linked to intellectual disability disorders in the human population, but the role of ALKBH8 in the nervous system is unknown. Through in vivo studies in Drosophila, we show that ALKBH8 controls oxidative stress in the brain to restrain synaptic growth and support learning and memory. ALKBH8 null animals lack wobble uridine methylation and exhibit a global reduction in protein synthesis, including a specific decrease in selenoprotein levels. Loss of ALKBH8 or independent disruption of selenoprotein synthesis results in ectopic synapse formation. Genetic expression of antioxidant enzymes fully suppresses synaptic overgrowth in ALKBH8 null animals, confirming oxidative stress as the underlying cause of dysregulation. ALKBH8 animals also exhibit associative learning and memory impairments that are reversed by pharmacological antioxidant treatment. Together, these findings demonstrate the critical role of tRNA modification in redox homeostasis in the nervous system and reveal antioxidants as a potential therapy for ALKBH8-associated intellectual disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shanzeh Sayied
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Caley A. Hogan
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jenna M. Lentini
- Department of Biology, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Moushami Mallik
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, NL
| | | | - Erik Storkebaum
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, NL
| | - Dragony Fu
- Department of Biology, Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kate M. O’Connor-Giles
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Myeong J, Stunault MI, Klyachko VA, Ashrafi G. Metabolic Regulation of Single Synaptic Vesicle Exo- and Endocytosis in Hippocampal Synapses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.566236. [PMID: 37986894 PMCID: PMC10659320 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Glucose has long been considered a primary source of energy for synaptic function. However, it remains unclear under what conditions alternative fuels, such as lactate/pyruvate, contribute to powering synaptic transmission. By detecting individual release events in cultured hippocampal synapses, we found that mitochondrial ATP production from oxidation of lactate/pyruvate regulates basal vesicle release probability and release location within the active zone (AZ) evoked by single action potentials (APs). Mitochondrial inhibition shifted vesicle release closer to the AZ center, suggesting that the energetic barrier for vesicle release is lower in the AZ center that the periphery. Mitochondrial inhibition also altered the efficiency of single AP evoked vesicle retrieval by increasing occurrence of ultrafast endocytosis, while inhibition of glycolysis had no effect. Mitochondria are sparsely distributed along hippocampal axons and we found that nerve terminals containing mitochondria displayed enhanced vesicle release and reuptake during high-frequency trains, irrespective of whether neurons were supplied with glucose or lactate. Thus, synaptic terminals can entirely bypass glycolysis to robustly maintain the vesicle cycle using oxidative fuels in the absence of glucose. These observations further suggest that mitochondrial metabolic function not only regulates several fundamental features of synaptic transmission but may also contribute to modulation of short-term synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongyun Myeong
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63132, United States
| | - Marion I Stunault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63132, United States
| | - Vitaly A Klyachko
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63132, United States
| | - Ghazaleh Ashrafi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63132, United States
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63132, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Reed AL, Mitchell W, Alexandrescu AT, Alder NN. Interactions of amyloidogenic proteins with mitochondrial protein import machinery in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1263420. [PMID: 38028797 PMCID: PMC10652799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1263420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mitochondrial proteins are targeted to the organelle by N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequences (MTSs, or "presequences") that are recognized by the import machinery and subsequently cleaved to yield the mature protein. MTSs do not have conserved amino acid compositions, but share common physicochemical properties, including the ability to form amphipathic α-helical structures enriched with basic and hydrophobic residues on alternating faces. The lack of strict sequence conservation implies that some polypeptides can be mistargeted to mitochondria, especially under cellular stress. The pathogenic accumulation of proteins within mitochondria is implicated in many aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Mechanistically, these diseases may originate in part from mitochondrial interactions with amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) or its cleavage product amyloid-β (Aβ), α-synuclein (α-syn), and mutant forms of huntingtin (mHtt), respectively, that are mediated in part through their associations with the mitochondrial protein import machinery. Emerging evidence suggests that these amyloidogenic proteins may present cryptic targeting signals that act as MTS mimetics and can be recognized by mitochondrial import receptors and transported into different mitochondrial compartments. Accumulation of these mistargeted proteins could overwhelm the import machinery and its associated quality control mechanisms, thereby contributing to neurological disease progression. Alternatively, the uptake of amyloidogenic proteins into mitochondria may be part of a protein quality control mechanism for clearance of cytotoxic proteins. Here we review the pathomechanisms of these diseases as they relate to mitochondrial protein import and effects on mitochondrial function, what features of APP/Aβ, α-syn and mHtt make them suitable substrates for the import machinery, and how this information can be leveraged for the development of therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Reed
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Wayne Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrei T. Alexandrescu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Nathan N. Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Siddiqui M, Pinti P, Brigadoi S, Lloyd-Fox S, Elwell CE, Johnson MH, Tachtsidis I, Jones EJH. Using multi-modal neuroimaging to characterise social brain specialisation in infants. eLife 2023; 12:e84122. [PMID: 37818944 PMCID: PMC10624424 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The specialised regional functionality of the mature human cortex partly emerges through experience-dependent specialisation during early development. Our existing understanding of functional specialisation in the infant brain is based on evidence from unitary imaging modalities and has thus focused on isolated estimates of spatial or temporal selectivity of neural or haemodynamic activation, giving an incomplete picture. We speculate that functional specialisation will be underpinned by better coordinated haemodynamic and metabolic changes in a broadly orchestrated physiological response. To enable researchers to track this process through development, we develop new tools that allow the simultaneous measurement of coordinated neural activity (EEG), metabolic rate, and oxygenated blood supply (broadband near-infrared spectroscopy) in the awake infant. In 4- to 7-month-old infants, we use these new tools to show that social processing is accompanied by spatially and temporally specific increases in coupled activation in the temporal-parietal junction, a core hub region of the adult social brain. During non-social processing, coupled activation decreased in the same region, indicating specificity to social processing. Coupling was strongest with high-frequency brain activity (beta and gamma), consistent with the greater energetic requirements and more localised action of high-frequency brain activity. The development of simultaneous multimodal neural measures will enable future researchers to open new vistas in understanding functional specialisation of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Siddiqui
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paola Pinti
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sabrina Brigadoi
- Department of Development and Social Psychology, University of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Department of Information Engineering, University of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Sarah Lloyd-Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Clare E Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark H Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Emily JH Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiao J, Tan J, Yu L, Liu G, Yu S. Effects of DJ‑1 on apoptosis and mitophagy of glomerular podocytes. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:463. [PMID: 37664676 PMCID: PMC10468806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
By studying the effects of DJ-1 overexpression and silencing on the morphological structure and mitophagy of glomerular podocytes, the present study aimed to identify the effects of DJ-1 on glomerular podocyte apoptosis and mitophagy. MPC5 mouse glomerular podocytes were cultured in vitro and divided into four groups: Control, DJ-1 overexpression, empty vector and DJ-1 silencing. DJ-1 gene overexpression and silencing models were prepared, the morphological structures of podocytes and mitochondria in each group were observed, and podocyte apoptosis and DJ-1/PTEN expression were subsequently detected in each group. The experimental results showed reduced volume, retracted foot processes, loosened intercellular connections, presence of dead cells, increased apoptotic rate, increased expression of PTEN, and swollen mitochondria due to the number of vacuoles and autophagosomes in podocytes in the DJ-1 silencing group. The surface areas of podocytes in the DJ-1 overexpression group were greater than those in the control group. Moreover, the structure of the foot processes was more obvious, the number of cells was greater, the intercellular connections were closer, the apoptotic rate was reduced, the expression of PTEN was decreased, the mitochondrial structure was more obvious and the mitochondrial cristae were more whole. Notably, there were no differences between the empty vector and control groups. In conclusion, these results indicated that DJ-1 may regulate podocyte apoptosis and mitophagy through the DJ-1/PTEN pathway, and could maintain the stability of the normal morphology, structure and function of glomerular podocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524002, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Shengyou Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu B, Shi Y, Lu C, Chen H, Zeng Y, Deng J, Zhang L, Lin Q, Li W, Chen Y, Zhong F, Xia X. Raspberry polyphenols alleviate neurodegenerative diseases: through gut microbiota and ROS signals. Food Funct 2023; 14:7760-7779. [PMID: 37555470 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01835k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are neurological disorders that become more prevalent with age, usually caused by damage or loss of neurons or their myelin sheaths, such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important triggers for neurodegenerative disease development, and mitigation of oxidative stress caused by ROS imbalance in the human body is important for the treatment of these diseases. As a widespread delicious fruit, the raspberry is widely used in the field of food and medicine because of its abundant polyphenols and other bioactive substances. Polyphenols from a wide variety of raspberry sources could alleviate neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to summarize the current roles of these polyphenols in maintaining neurological stability by regulating the composition and metabolism of the intestinal flora and the gut-brain axis signal transmission. Especially, we discuss the therapeutic effects on neurodegenerative diseases of raspberry polyphenols through intestinal microorganisms and ROS signals, by means of summary and analysis. Finally, methods of improving the digestibility and utilization of raspberry polyphenols are proposed, which will provide a potential way for raspberry polyphenols to guarantee the health of the human nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyong Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Yi Shi
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Chunyue Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Haixin Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuqing Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China
| | - Feifei Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
- Changsha Institute for Food and Drug Control, Changsha 410016, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Xia
- Huaihua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Smith G, Sweeney ST, O’Kane CJ, Prokop A. How neurons maintain their axons long-term: an integrated view of axon biology and pathology. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1236815. [PMID: 37564364 PMCID: PMC10410161 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1236815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Axons are processes of neurons, up to a metre long, that form the essential biological cables wiring nervous systems. They must survive, often far away from their cell bodies and up to a century in humans. This requires self-sufficient cell biology including structural proteins, organelles, and membrane trafficking, metabolic, signalling, translational, chaperone, and degradation machinery-all maintaining the homeostasis of energy, lipids, proteins, and signalling networks including reactive oxygen species and calcium. Axon maintenance also involves specialised cytoskeleton including the cortical actin-spectrin corset, and bundles of microtubules that provide the highways for motor-driven transport of components and organelles for virtually all the above-mentioned processes. Here, we aim to provide a conceptual overview of key aspects of axon biology and physiology, and the homeostatic networks they form. This homeostasis can be derailed, causing axonopathies through processes of ageing, trauma, poisoning, inflammation or genetic mutations. To illustrate which malfunctions of organelles or cell biological processes can lead to axonopathies, we focus on axonopathy-linked subcellular defects caused by genetic mutations. Based on these descriptions and backed up by our comprehensive data mining of genes linked to neural disorders, we describe the 'dependency cycle of local axon homeostasis' as an integrative model to explain why very different causes can trigger very similar axonopathies, providing new ideas that can drive the quest for strategies able to battle these devastating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor Smith
- Cardiff University, School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sean T. Sweeney
- Department of Biology, University of York and York Biomedical Research Institute, York, United Kingdom
| | - Cahir J. O’Kane
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Prokop
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao Y, Wang H. Ribosome Heterogeneity in Development and Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.25.550527. [PMID: 37546733 PMCID: PMC10402066 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.25.550527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The functional ribosome is composed of ∼80 ribosome proteins. With the intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ) value, we calculate the stoichiometry ratio of each ribosome protein. We analyze the ribosome ratio-omics (Ribosome R ), which reflects the holistic signature of ribosome composition, in various biological samples with distinct functions, developmental stages, and pathological outcomes. The Ribosome R reveals significant ribosome heterogeneity among different tissues of fat, spleen, liver, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscles. During tissue development, testes at various stages of spermatogenesis show distinct Ribosome R signatures. During in vitro neuronal maturation, the Ribosome R changes reveal functional association with certain molecular aspects of neurodevelopment. Regarding ribosome heterogeneity associated with pathological conditions, the Ribosome R signature of gastric tumors is functionally linked to pathways associated with tumorigenesis. Moreover, the Ribosome R undergoes dynamic changes in macrophages following immune challenges. Taken together, with the examination of a broad spectrum of biological samples, the Ribosome R barcode reveals ribosome heterogeneity and specialization in cell function, development, and disease. One-Sentence Summary Ratio-omics signature of ribosome deciphers functionally relevant heterogeneity in development and disease.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Shen C, Hao S, Duan W, Liu L, Wei H. Ionizing radiation alters functional neurotransmission in Drosophila larvae. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1151489. [PMID: 37484822 PMCID: PMC10357008 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1151489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients undergoing cranial ionizing radiation therapy for brain malignancies are at increased risk of long-term neurocognitive decline, which is poorly understood and currently untreatable. Although the molecular pathogenesis has been intensively researched in many organisms, whether and how ionizing radiation alters functional neurotransmission remains unknown. This is the first study addressing physiological changes in neurotransmission after ionizing radiation exposure. Methods To elucidate the cellular mechanisms of radiation damage, using calcium imaging, we analyzed the effects of ionizing radiation on the neurotransmitter-evoked responses of prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-releasing neurons in Drosophila larvae, which play essential roles in normal larval development. Results The neurotransmitters dopamine and tyramine decreased intracellular calcium levels of PTTH neurons in a dose-dependent manner. In gamma irradiated third-instar larvae, a dose of 25 Gy increased the sensitivity of PTTH neurons to dopamine and tyramine, and delayed development, possibly in response to abnormal functional neurotransmission. This irradiation level did not affect the viability and arborization of PTTH neurons and successful survival to adulthood. Exposure to a 40-Gy dose of gamma irradiation decreased the neurotransmitter sensitivity, physiological viability and axo-dendritic length of PTTH neurons. These serious damages led to substantial developmental delays and a precipitous reduction in the percentage of larvae that survived to adulthood. Our results demonstrate that gamma irradiation alters neurotransmitter-evoked responses, indicating synapses are vulnerable targets of ionizing radiation. Discussion The current study provides new insights into ionizing radiation-induced disruption of physiological neurotransmitter signaling, which should be considered in preventive therapeutic interventions to reduce risks of neurological deficits after photon therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- North China Research Institute of Electro-Optics, Beijing, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Shen
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No. 45 Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ralhan I, Chang J, Moulton MJ, Goodman LD, Lee NY, Plummer G, Pasolli HA, Matthies D, Bellen HJ, Ioannou MS. Autolysosomal exocytosis of lipids protect neurons from ferroptosis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202207130. [PMID: 37036445 PMCID: PMC10098143 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202207130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During oxidative stress neurons release lipids that are internalized by glia. Defects in this coordinated process play an important role in several neurodegenerative diseases. Yet, the mechanisms of lipid release and its consequences on neuronal health are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that lipid-protein particle release by autolysosome exocytosis protects neurons from ferroptosis, a form of cell death driven by lipid peroxidation. We show that during oxidative stress, peroxidated lipids and iron are released from neurons by autolysosomal exocytosis which requires the exocytic machinery VAMP7 and syntaxin 4. We observe membrane-bound lipid-protein particles by TEM and demonstrate that these particles are released from neurons using cryoEM. Failure to release these lipid-protein particles causes lipid hydroperoxide and iron accumulation and sensitizes neurons to ferroptosis. Our results reveal how neurons protect themselves from peroxidated lipids. Given the number of brain pathologies that involve ferroptosis, defects in this pathway likely play a key role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isha Ralhan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jinlan Chang
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Moulton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lindsey D. Goodman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nathanael Y.J. Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Greg Plummer
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry Cell Imaging Core, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - H. Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Doreen Matthies
- Unit on Structural Biology, Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria S. Ioannou
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Levings DC, Pathak SS, Yang YM, Slattery M. Limited Expression of Nrf2 in Neurons Across the Central Nervous System. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540014. [PMID: 37214946 PMCID: PMC10197674 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a broadly expressed transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. It is commonly referred to as a ubiquitous pathway, but this generalization overlooks work indicating that Nrf2 is essentially unexpressed in some neuronal populations. To explore whether this pattern extends throughout the central nervous system (CNS), we quantified Nrf2 expression and chromatin accessibility at the Nrf2 locus across multiple single cell datasets. In both the mouse and human CNS, Nrf2 was repressed in almost all mature neurons, but highly expressed in non-neuronal support cells, and this pattern was robust across multiple human CNS diseases. A subset of key Nrf2 target genes, like Slc7a11 , also remained low in neurons. Thus, these data suggest that while most cells express Nrf2, with activity determined by ROS levels, neurons actively avoid Nrf2 activity by keeping Nrf2 expression low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Levings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Salil Saurav Pathak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Matthew Slattery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Filošević Vujnović A, Rubinić M, Starčević I, Andretić Waldowski R. Influence of Redox and Dopamine Regulation in Cocaine-Induced Phenotypes Using Drosophila. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040933. [PMID: 37107308 PMCID: PMC10136103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive Oxidative Species (ROS) are produced during cellular metabolism and their amount is finely regulated because of negative consequences that ROS accumulation has on cellular functioning and survival. However, ROS play an important role in maintaining a healthy brain by participating in cellular signaling and regulating neuronal plasticity, which led to a shift in our understanding of ROS from being solely detrimental to having a more complex role in the brain. Here we use Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the influence of ROS on behavioral phenotypes induced by single or double exposure to volatilized cocaine (vCOC), sensitivity and locomotor sensitization (LS). Sensitivity and LS depend on glutathione antioxidant defense. Catalase activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation play a minor role, but their presence is necessary in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons for LS. Feeding flies the antioxidant quercetin completely abolishes LS confirming the permissive role of H2O2 in the development of LS. This can only partially be rescued by co-feeding H2O2 or the dopamine precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DA) showing coordinate and similar contribution of dopamine and H2O2. Genetic versatility of Drosophila can be used as a tool for more precise dissection of temporal, spatial and transcriptional events that regulate behaviors induced by vCOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Rubinić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivona Starčević
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
McCaughey-Chapman A, Tarczyluk-Wells M, Combrinck C, Edwards N, Jones K, Connor B. Reprogramming of adult human dermal fibroblasts to induced dorsal forebrain precursor cells maintains aging signatures. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1003188. [PMID: 36794263 PMCID: PMC9922835 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1003188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With the increase in aging populations around the world, the development of in vitro human cell models to study neurodegenerative disease is crucial. A major limitation in using induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology to model diseases of aging is that reprogramming fibroblasts to a pluripotent stem cell state erases age-associated features. The resulting cells show behaviors of an embryonic stage exhibiting longer telomeres, reduced oxidative stress, and mitochondrial rejuvenation, as well as epigenetic modifications, loss of abnormal nuclear morphologies, and age-associated features. Methods: We have developed a protocol utilizing stable, non-immunogenic chemically modified mRNA (cmRNA) to convert adult human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to human induced dorsal forebrain precursor (hiDFP) cells, which can subsequently be differentiated into cortical neurons. Analyzing an array of aging biomarkers, we demonstrate for the first time the effect of direct-to-hiDFP reprogramming on cellular age. Results: We confirm direct-to-hiDFP reprogramming does not affect telomere length or the expression of key aging markers. However, while direct-to-hiDFP reprogramming does not affect senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, it enhances the level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and the amount of DNA methylation compared to HDFs. Interestingly, following neuronal differentiation of hiDFPs we observed an increase in cell soma size as well as neurite number, length, and branching with increasing donor age suggesting that neuronal morphology is altered with age. Discussion: We propose direct-to-hiDFP reprogramming provides a strategy for modeling age-associated neurodegenerative diseases allowing the persistence of age-associated signatures not seen in hiPSC-derived cultures, thereby facilitating our understanding of neurodegenerative disease and identification of therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy McCaughey-Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marta Tarczyluk-Wells
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catharina Combrinck
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Edwards
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bronwen Connor
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,*Correspondence: Bronwen Connor
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sobrido-Cameán D, Oswald MCW, Bailey DMD, Mukherjee A, Landgraf M. Activity-regulated growth of motoneurons at the neuromuscular junction is mediated by NADPH oxidases. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1106593. [PMID: 36713781 PMCID: PMC9880070 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons respond to changes in the levels of activity they experience in a variety of ways, including structural changes at pre- and postsynaptic terminals. An essential plasticity signal required for such activity-regulated structural adjustments are reactive oxygen species (ROS). To identify sources of activity-regulated ROS required for structural plasticity in vivo we used the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction as a highly tractable experimental model system. For adjustments of presynaptic motor terminals, we found a requirement for both NADPH oxidases, Nox and dual oxidase (Duox), that are encoded in the Drosophila genome. This contrasts with the postsynaptic dendrites from which Nox is excluded. NADPH oxidases generate ROS to the extracellular space. Here, we show that two aquaporins, Bib and Drip, are necessary ROS conduits in the presynaptic motoneuron for activity regulated, NADPH oxidase dependent changes in presynaptic motoneuron terminal growth. Our data further suggest that different aspects of neuronal activity-regulated structural changes might be regulated by different ROS sources: changes in bouton number require both NADPH oxidases, while activity-regulated changes in the number of active zones might be modulated by other sources of ROS. Overall, our results show NADPH oxidases as important enzymes for mediating activity-regulated plasticity adjustments in neurons.
Collapse
|
22
|
Paradis M, Kucharowski N, Edwards Faret G, Maya Palacios SJ, Meyer C, Stümpges B, Jamitzky I, Kalinowski J, Thiele C, Bauer R, Paululat A, Sellin J, Bülow MH. The ER protein Creld regulates ER-mitochondria contact dynamics and respiratory complex 1 activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0155. [PMID: 35867795 PMCID: PMC9307246 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic contacts are formed between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria that enable the exchange of calcium and phospholipids. Disturbed contacts between ER and mitochondria impair mitochondrial dynamics and are a molecular hallmark of Parkinson's disease, which is also characterized by impaired complex I activity and dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Here, we analyzed the role of cysteine-rich with EGF-like domain (Creld), a poorly characterized risk gene for Parkinson's disease, in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and function. We found that loss of Creld leads to mitochondrial hyperfusion and reduced ROS signaling in Drosophila melanogaster, Xenopus tropicalis, and human cells. Creld fly mutants show differences in ER-mitochondria contacts and reduced respiratory complex I activity. The resulting low-hydrogen peroxide levels are linked to disturbed neuronal activity and lead to impaired locomotion, but not neurodegeneration, in Creld mutants. We conclude that Creld regulates ER-mitochondria communication and thereby hydrogen peroxide formation, which is required for normal neuron function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Paradis
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Kucharowski
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriela Edwards Faret
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christian Meyer
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Birgit Stümpges
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabell Jamitzky
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Kalinowski
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Julia Sellin
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Digitalization and General Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen
| | - Margret Helene Bülow
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mazza MC, Shuck SC, Lin J, Moxley MA, Termini J, Cookson MR, Wilson MA. DJ-1 is not a deglycase and makes a modest contribution to cellular defense against methylglyoxal damage in neurons. J Neurochem 2022; 162:245-261. [PMID: 35713360 PMCID: PMC9539984 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human DJ‐1 is a cytoprotective protein whose absence causes Parkinson's disease and is also associated with other diseases. DJ‐1 has an established role as a redox‐regulated protein that defends against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Multiple studies have suggested that DJ‐1 is also a protein/nucleic acid deglycase that plays a key role in the repair of glycation damage caused by methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive α‐keto aldehyde formed by central metabolism. Contradictory reports suggest that DJ‐1 is a glyoxalase but not a deglycase and does not play a major role in glycation defense. Resolving this issue is important for understanding how DJ‐1 protects cells against insults that can cause disease. We find that DJ‐1 reduces levels of reversible adducts of MG with guanine and cysteine in vitro. The steady‐state kinetics of DJ‐1 acting on reversible hemithioacetal substrates are fitted adequately with a computational kinetic model that requires only a DJ‐1 glyoxalase activity, supporting the conclusion that deglycation is an apparent rather than a true activity of DJ‐1. Sensitive and quantitative isotope‐dilution mass spectrometry shows that DJ‐1 modestly reduces the levels of some irreversible guanine and lysine glycation products in primary and cultured neuronal cell lines and whole mouse brain, consistent with a small but measurable effect on total neuronal glycation burden. However, DJ‐1 does not improve cultured cell viability in exogenous MG. In total, our results suggest that DJ‐1 is not a deglycase and has only a minor role in protecting neurons against methylglyoxal toxicity.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Conti Mazza
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jiusheng Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Michael A Moxley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, USA
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
TRPM3-mediated dynamic mitochondrial activity in NGF-induced latent sensitization of chronic low back pain. Pain 2022; 163:e1115-e1128. [PMID: 35384915 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The transient receptor potential ion channel TRPM3 is highly prevalent on nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, but its functions in neuronal plasticity of chronic pain remain obscure. In an animal model of nonspecific low back pain (LBP), latent spinal sensitization known as nociceptive priming is induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) injection. Here we address the TRPM3-associated molecular basis of NGF-induced latent spinal sensitization at presynaptic level by studying TRPM3-mediated calcium transients in DRG neurons. By investigating TRPM3-expressing HEK cells, we further show the dynamic mitochondrial activity downstream of TRPM3 activation. NGF enhances TRPM3 function, attenuates TRPM3 tachyphylaxis, and slows intracellular calcium clearance; TRPM3 activation triggers more mitochondrial calcium loading than depolarization does, causing a steady-state mitochondrial calcium elevation and a delayed recovery of cytosolic calcium; mitochondrial calcium buffering accounts for approximately 40% of calcium influx subsequent to TRPM3 activation. TRPM3 activation provokes an outbreak of pulsatile superoxide production (mitoflash) that comes in the form of a surge in frequency being tunable. We suggest that mitoflash pulsations downstream of TRPM3 activation might be an early signaling event initiating pain sensitization. Tuning of mitoflash activity would be a novel bottom-up therapeutic strategy for chronic pain conditions such as LBP and beyond.
Collapse
|
25
|
Effects of cadmium on oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4762. [PMID: 35307728 PMCID: PMC8934349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWith the increase of human activities, cadmium (Cd) pollution has become a global environmental problem affecting biological metabolism in ecosystem. Cd has a very long half-life in humans and is excreted slowly in organs, which poses a serious threat to human health. In order to better understand the toxicity effects of cadmium, third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster (Canton-S strain) were exposed to different concentrations (1.125 mg/kg, 2.25 mg/kg, 4.5 mg/kg, and 9 mg/kg) of cadmium. Trypan blue staining showed that intestinal cell damage of Drosophila larvae increased and the comet assay indicated significantly more DNA damage in larvae exposed to high Cd concentrations. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) experiments proved that content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased, which indicated Cd exposure could induce oxidative stress. In addition, the expression of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide transferase coding gene (sesB and Ant2) and apoptosis related genes (Debcl, hid, rpr, p53, Sce and Diap1) changed, which may lead to increased apoptosis. These findings confirmed the toxicity effects on oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in Drosophila larvae after early cadmium exposure, providing insights into understanding the effects of heavy metal stress in animal development.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as regulators of key processes supporting neuronal growth, function, and plasticity across lifespan. At normal physiological levels, ROS perform important roles as secondary messengers in diverse molecular processes such as regulating neuronal differentiation, polarization, synapse maturation, and neurotransmission. In contrast, high levels of ROS are toxic and can ultimately lead to cell death. Excitable cells, such as neurons, often require high levels of metabolic activity to perform their functions. As a consequence, these cells are more likely to produce high levels of ROS, potentially enhancing their susceptibility to oxidative damage. In addition, because neurons are generally post-mitotic, they may be subject to accumulating oxidative damage. Thus, maintaining tight control over ROS concentration in the nervous system is essential for proper neuronal development and function. We are developing a more complete understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms for control of ROS in these processes. This review focuses on ROS regulation of the developmental and functional properties of neurons, highlighting recent in vivo studies. We also discuss the current evidence linking oxidative damage to pathological conditions associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
27
|
Jaganjac M, Milkovic L, Zarkovic N, Zarkovic K. Oxidative stress and regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:154-165. [PMID: 35149216 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration is the process of replacing/restoring a damaged cell/tissue/organ to its full function and is limited respecting complexity of specific organ structures and the level of differentiation of the cells. Unlike physiological cell turnover, this tissue replacement form is activated upon pathological stimuli such as injury and/or disease that usually involves inflammatory response. To which extent will tissue repair itself depends on many factors and involves different mechanisms. Oxidative stress is one of them, either acute, as in case of traumatic brin injury or chronic, as in case of neurodegeneration, oxidative stress within brain involves lipid peroxidation, which generates reactive aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). While 4-HNE is certainly neurotoxic and causes disruption of the blood brain barrier in case of severe injuries, it is also physiologically produced by glial cells, especially astrocytes, but its physiological roles within CNS are not understood. Because 4-HNE can regulate the response of the other cells in the body to stress, enhance their antioxidant capacities, proliferation and differentiation, we could assume that it may also have some beneficial role for neuroregeneration. Therefore, future studies on the relevance of 4-HNE for the interaction between neuronal cells, notably stem cells and reactive astrocytes might reveal novel options to better monitor and treat consequences or brain injuries, neurodegeneration and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morana Jaganjac
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Div. Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Milkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Div. Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Div. Molecular Medicine, Bijenicka 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Kamelija Zarkovic
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Div. of Pathology, Neuropathology Unit, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rounds JC, Corgiat EB, Ye C, Behnke JA, Kelly SM, Corbett AH, Moberg KH. The disease-associated proteins Drosophila Nab2 and Ataxin-2 interact with shared RNAs and coregulate neuronal morphology. Genetics 2022; 220:iyab175. [PMID: 34791182 PMCID: PMC8733473 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nab2 encodes the Drosophila melanogaster member of a conserved family of zinc finger polyadenosine RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) linked to multiple steps in post-transcriptional regulation. Mutation of the Nab2 human ortholog ZC3H14 gives rise to an autosomal recessive intellectual disability but understanding of Nab2/ZC3H14 function in metazoan nervous systems is limited, in part because no comprehensive identification of metazoan Nab2/ZC3H14-associated RNA transcripts has yet been conducted. Moreover, many Nab2/ZC3H14 functional protein partnerships remain unidentified. Here, we present evidence that Nab2 genetically interacts with Ataxin-2 (Atx2), which encodes a neuronal translational regulator, and that these factors coordinately regulate neuronal morphology, circadian behavior, and adult viability. We then present the first high-throughput identifications of Nab2- and Atx2-associated RNAs in Drosophila brain neurons using RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (RIP-Seq). Critically, the RNA interactomes of each RBP overlap, and Nab2 exhibits high specificity in its RNA associations in neurons in vivo, associating with a small fraction of all polyadenylated RNAs. The identities of shared associated transcripts (e.g., drk, me31B, stai) and of transcripts specific to Nab2 or Atx2 (e.g., Arpc2 and tea) promise insight into neuronal functions of, and genetic interactions between, each RBP. Consistent with prior biochemical studies, Nab2-associated neuronal RNAs are overrepresented for internal A-rich motifs, suggesting these sequences may partially mediate Nab2 target selection. These data support a model where Nab2 functionally opposes Atx2 in neurons, demonstrate Nab2 shares associated neuronal RNAs with Atx2, and reveal Drosophila Nab2 associates with a more specific subset of polyadenylated mRNAs than its polyadenosine affinity alone may suggest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Rounds
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Edwin B Corgiat
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Changtian Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joseph A Behnke
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Seth M Kelly
- Department of Biology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kenneth H Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Maldonado-Díaz C, Vazquez M, Marie B. A comparison of three different methods of eliciting rapid activity-dependent synaptic plasticity at the Drosophila NMJ. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260553. [PMID: 34847197 PMCID: PMC8631638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila NMJ is a system of choice for investigating the mechanisms underlying the structural and functional modifications evoked during activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Because fly genetics allows considerable versatility, many strategies can be employed to elicit this activity. Here, we compare three different stimulation methods for eliciting activity-dependent changes in structure and function at the Drosophila NMJ. We find that the method using patterned stimulations driven by a K+-rich solution creates robust structural modifications but reduces muscle viability, as assessed by resting potential and membrane resistance. We argue that, using this method, electrophysiological studies that consider the frequency of events, rather than their amplitude, are the only reliable studies. We contrast these results with the expression of CsChrimson channels and red-light stimulation at the NMJ, as well as with the expression of TRPA channels and temperature stimulation. With both these methods we observed reliable modifications of synaptic structures and consistent changes in electrophysiological properties. Indeed, we observed a rapid appearance of immature boutons that lack postsynaptic differentiation, and a potentiation of spontaneous neurotransmission frequency. Surprisingly, a patterned application of temperature changes alone is sufficient to provoke both structural and functional plasticity. In this context, temperature-dependent TRPA channel activation induces additional structural plasticity but no further increase in the frequency of spontaneous neurotransmission, suggesting an uncoupling of these mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Maldonado-Díaz
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mariam Vazquez
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Bruno Marie
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kumar SP, Babu PP. NADPH Oxidase: a Possible Therapeutic Target for Cognitive Impairment in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:800-820. [PMID: 34782951 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-term cognitive impairment associated with seizure-induced hippocampal damage is the key feature of cerebral malaria (CM) pathogenesis. One-fourth of child survivors of CM suffer from long-lasting neurological deficits and behavioral anomalies. However, mechanisms on hippocampal dysfunction are unclear. In this study, we elucidated whether gp91phox isoform of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) (a potent marker of oxidative stress) mediates hippocampal neuronal abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction in experimental CM (ECM). Mice symptomatic to CM were rescue treated with artemether monotherapy (ARM) and in combination with apocynin (ARM + APO) adjunctive based on scores of Rapid Murine Come behavior Scale (RMCBS). After a 30-day survivability period, we performed Barnes maze, T-maze, and novel object recognition cognitive tests to evaluate working and reference memory in all the experimental groups except CM. Sensorimotor tests were conducted in all the cohorts to assess motor coordination. We performed Golgi-Cox staining to illustrate cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) pyramidal neuronal morphology and study overall hippocampal neuronal density changes. Further, expression of NOX2, NeuN (neuronal marker) in hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus was determined using double immunofluorescence experiments in all the experimental groups. Mice administered with ARM monotherapy and APO adjunctive treatment exhibited similar survivability. The latter showed better locomotor and cognitive functions, reduced ROS levels, and hippocampal NOX2 immunoreactivity in ECM. Our results show a substantial increase in hippocampal NeuN immunoreactivity and dendritic arborization in ARM + APO cohorts compared to ARM-treated brain samples. Overall, our study suggests that overexpression of NOX2 could result in loss of hippocampal neuronal density and dendritic spines of CA1 neurons affecting the spatial working and reference memory during ECM. Notably, ARM + APO adjunctive therapy reversed the altered neuronal morphology and oxidative damage in hippocampal neurons restoring long-term cognitive functions after CM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simhadri Praveen Kumar
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India
| | - Phanithi Prakash Babu
- F-23/71, Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liang J, Wang C, Zhang H, Huang J, Xie J, Chen N. Exercise-Induced Benefits for Alzheimer's Disease by Stimulating Mitophagy and Improving Mitochondrial Function. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:755665. [PMID: 34658846 PMCID: PMC8519401 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.755665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly specialized post-mitotic cells that are inherently dependent on mitochondria due to their higher bioenergetic demand. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with a variety of aging-related neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the accumulation of dysfunctional and superfluous mitochondria has been reported as an early stage that significantly facilitates the progression of AD. Mitochondrial damage causes bioenergetic deficiency, intracellular calcium imbalance and oxidative stress, thereby aggravating β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and Tau hyperphosphorylation, and further leading to cognitive decline and memory loss. Although there is an intricate parallel relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and AD, their triggering factors, such as Aβ aggregation and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein and action time, are still unclear. Moreover, many studies have confirmed abnormal mitochondrial biosynthesis, dynamics and functions will present once the mitochondrial quality control is impaired, thus leading to aggravated AD pathological changes. Accumulating evidence shows beneficial effects of appropriate exercise on improved mitophagy and mitochondrial function to promote mitochondrial plasticity, reduce oxidative stress, enhance cognitive capacity and reduce the risks of cognitive impairment and dementia in later life. Therefore, stimulating mitophagy and optimizing mitochondrial function through exercise may forestall the neurodegenerative process of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiling Liang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cenyi Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jielun Huang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juying Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Williamson M, Mitchell A, Condron B. Birth temperature followed by a visual critical period determines cooperative group membership. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2021; 207:739-746. [PMID: 34611741 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-021-01512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative behavior often arises when a common exploitable resource is generated. Cooperation can provide equitable distribution and protection from raiding of a common resource such as processed food. Under crowded conditions in liquid food, Drosophila larvae adopt synchronized feeding behavior which provides a fitness benefit. A key for this synchronized feeding behavior is the visually guided alignment of a 1-2 s locomotion stride between adjacent larvae in a feeding cluster. The locomotion stride is thought to be set by embryonic incubation temperature. This raises a question as to whether sib larvae will only cluster efficiently if they hatch at the same temperature. To test this, larvae were first collected and incubated in outdoor conditions. Morning hatched lower temperature larvae move slower than their afternoon higher temperature sibs. Both temperature types synchronize but tend to exclude the other type of larvae from their clusters. In addition, fitness, as measured by adult wing size, is highest when larvae cluster with their own temperature type. Thus, the temperature at which an egg is laid sets a type of behavioral stamp or password which locks in membership for later cooperative feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Williamson
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA
| | - Alexandra Mitchell
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA
| | - Barry Condron
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lennicke C, Cochemé HM. Redox metabolism: ROS as specific molecular regulators of cell signaling and function. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3691-3707. [PMID: 34547234 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Redox reactions are intrinsically linked to energy metabolism. Therefore, redox processes are indispensable for organismal physiology and life itself. The term reactive oxygen species (ROS) describes a set of distinct molecular oxygen derivatives produced during normal aerobic metabolism. Multiple ROS-generating and ROS-eliminating systems actively maintain the intracellular redox state, which serves to mediate redox signaling and regulate cellular functions. ROS, in particular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are able to reversibly oxidize critical, redox-sensitive cysteine residues on target proteins. These oxidative post-translational modifications (PTMs) can control the biological activity of numerous enzymes and transcription factors (TFs), as well as their cellular localization or interactions with binding partners. In this review, we describe the diverse roles of redox regulation in the context of physiological cellular metabolism and provide insights into the pathophysiology of diseases when redox homeostasis is dysregulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lennicke
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dhawan S, Myers P, Bailey DMD, Ostrovsky AD, Evers JF, Landgraf M. Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Activity-Regulated Dendritic Plasticity Through NADPH Oxidase and Aquaporin Regulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:641802. [PMID: 34290589 PMCID: PMC8288108 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.641802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons utilize plasticity of dendritic arbors as part of a larger suite of adaptive plasticity mechanisms. This explicitly manifests with motoneurons in the Drosophila embryo and larva, where dendritic arbors are exclusively postsynaptic and are used as homeostatic devices, compensating for changes in synaptic input through adapting their growth and connectivity. We recently identified reactive oxygen species (ROS) as novel plasticity signals instrumental in this form of dendritic adjustment. ROS correlate with levels of neuronal activity and negatively regulate dendritic arbor size. Here, we investigated NADPH oxidases as potential sources of such activity-regulated ROS and implicate Dual Oxidase (but not Nox), which generates hydrogen peroxide extracellularly. We further show that the aquaporins Bib and Drip, but not Prip, are required for activity-regulated ROS-mediated adjustments of dendritic arbor size in motoneurons. These results suggest a model whereby neuronal activity leads to activation of the NADPH oxidase Dual Oxidase, which generates hydrogen peroxide at the extracellular face; aquaporins might then act as conduits that are necessary for these extracellular ROS to be channeled back into the cell where they negatively regulate dendritic arbor size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serene Dhawan
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Neural Circuits and Evolution Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Myers
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David M. D. Bailey
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron D. Ostrovsky
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Felix Evers
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Landgraf
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou Q, Zhang L. MicroRNA-183-5p protects human derived cell line SH-SY5Y cells from mepivacaine-induced injury. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3177-3187. [PMID: 34180760 PMCID: PMC8806725 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1946358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the gradual recognition of the side effects of local anesthetics, the nerve injury caused by local anesthetics has received growing attention. This research intended to delve into miR-183-5p changes in mepivacaine-mediated SH-SY5Y cell injury, as well as its modulatory mechanism on cell apoptosis. RT-qPCR was adopted for assaying miR-183-5p and PDCD4 mRNA expression. Our team respectively transfected miR-183-5p mimic and inhibitor to enhance or inhibit miR-183-5p function. We employed Western blot for detecting PDCD4 protein levels, as well as flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342/PI double staining for determining cell apoptosis rate. Additionally, our crew applied an ELISA kit for measuring TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 contents. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined by the Image-iT LIVE Green ROS detection Kit. As well as dual-luciferase reporter experiment for verifying the targeting link of miR-183-5p with PDCD4. In mepivacaine-induced cell apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, miR-183-5p expression was down-regulated. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 contents were elevated. The rate of apoptosis increased visibly, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax levels waxed, whereas Bcl-2 level waned. MiR-183-5p could alleviate the damaging impact of mepivacaine. Dual-luciferase reporter experiments demonstrated that miR-183-5p directly targeted PDCD4. Collectively, we concluded that a high concentration of mepivacaine can cause SH-SY5Y cell damage, miR-183-5p functions crucially in mepivacaine-mediated cell damage. This study provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism of mepivacaine-induced nerve cell damage, and overexpressed miR-183-5p likely become a novel strategy to combat mepivacaine-induced nerve damage.Abbreviations:miRNA: Micro RNA; PDCD4: Programmed Cell Death 4; MDA: Malondialdehyde; SOD: Superoxide Dismutase; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; WT: Wild Type; Mut: Mutant; UTR: Untranslated Region; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; TNF-α: Tumor Necrosis Factor-α; IL-8: Interleukin-8; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; iNOS: inducible NOS; MEP: Mepivacaine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jia Q, Sieburth D. Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide positively regulates neuropeptide secretion during diet-induced activation of the oxidative stress response. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2304. [PMID: 33863916 PMCID: PMC8052458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in the generation of signals coupling metabolism with neurotransmitter release, but a role for mitochondrial-produced ROS in regulating neurosecretion has not been described. Here we show that endogenously produced hydrogen peroxide originating from axonal mitochondria (mtH2O2) functions as a signaling cue to selectively regulate the secretion of a FMRFamide-related neuropeptide (FLP-1) from a pair of interneurons (AIY) in C. elegans. We show that pharmacological or genetic manipulations that increase mtH2O2 levels lead to increased FLP-1 secretion that is dependent upon ROS dismutation, mitochondrial calcium influx, and cysteine sulfenylation of the calcium-independent PKC family member PKC-1. mtH2O2-induced FLP-1 secretion activates the oxidative stress response transcription factor SKN-1/Nrf2 in distal tissues and protects animals from ROS-mediated toxicity. mtH2O2 levels in AIY neurons, FLP-1 secretion and SKN-1 activity are rapidly and reversibly regulated by exposing animals to different bacterial food sources. These results reveal a previously unreported role for mtH2O2 in linking diet-induced changes in mitochondrial homeostasis with neuropeptide secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- PIBBS program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Derek Sieburth
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sircar E, Rai SR, Wilson MA, Schlossmacher MG, Sengupta R. Neurodegeneration: Impact of S-nitrosylated Parkin, DJ-1 and PINK1 on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 704:108869. [PMID: 33819447 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorders of increasing global prevalence. It represents the second most common movement disorder after tremor and the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. The incidence rate of idiopathic PD increases steadily with age, however, some variants of autosomal recessive inheritance are present with an early age-at-onset (ARPD). Approximately 50 percent of ARPD cases have been linked to bi-allelic mutations in genes encoding Parkin, DJ-1, and PINK1. Each protein has been implicated in maintaining proper mitochondrial function, which is particularly important for neuronal health. Aberrant post-translational modifications of these proteins may disrupt their cellular functions and thus contributing to the development of idiopathic PD. Some post-translational modifictions can be attributed to the dysregulation of potentially harmful reactive oxygen and nitrogen species inside the cell, which promote oxidative and nitrosative stress, respectively. Unlike oxidative modifications, the covalent modification by Nitric Oxide under nitrosative stress, leading to S-nitrosylation of Parkin, DJ-1; and PINK1, is less studied. Here, we review the available literature on S-nitrosylation of these three proteins, their implications in the pathogenesis of PD, and provide an overview of currently known, denitrosylating systems in eukaryotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esha Sircar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sristi Raj Rai
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mark A Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and the Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Michael G Schlossmacher
- Program in Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Critical periods-brief intervals during which neural circuits can be modified by activity-are necessary for proper neural circuit assembly. Extended critical periods are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders; however, the mechanisms that ensure timely critical period closure remain poorly understood1,2. Here we define a critical period in a developing Drosophila motor circuit and identify astrocytes as essential for proper critical period termination. During the critical period, changes in activity regulate dendrite length, complexity and connectivity of motor neurons. Astrocytes invaded the neuropil just before critical period closure3, and astrocyte ablation prolonged the critical period. Finally, we used a genetic screen to identify astrocyte-motor neuron signalling pathways that close the critical period, including Neuroligin-Neurexin signalling. Reduced signalling destabilized dendritic microtubules, increased dendrite dynamicity and impaired locomotor behaviour, underscoring the importance of critical period closure. Previous work defined astroglia as regulators of plasticity at individual synapses4; we show here that astrocytes also regulate motor circuit critical period closure to ensure proper locomotor behaviour.
Collapse
|
39
|
Dennis AG, Almaguer-Mederos LE, Raúl RA, Roberto RL, Luis VP, Dany CA, Yanetza GZ, Yaimeé VM, Annelié ED, Arnoy PA, Reydenis TV. Redox Imbalance Associates with Clinical Worsening in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9875639. [PMID: 33688396 PMCID: PMC7920744 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9875639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a neurodegenerative disease presenting with redox imbalance. However, the nature and implications of redox imbalance in SCA2 physiopathology have not been fully understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the redox imbalance and its association with disease severity in SCA2 mutation carriers. METHODS A case-control study was conducted involving molecularly confirmed SCA2 patients, presymptomatic individuals, and healthy controls. Several antioxidant parameters were assessed, including serum thiol concentration and the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase enzymatic activities. Also, several prooxidant parameters were evaluated, including thiobarbituric acid-reactive species and protein carbonyl concentrations. Damage, protective, and OXY scores were computed. Clinical correlates were established. RESULTS Significant differences were found between comparison groups for redox markers, including protein carbonyl concentration (F = 3.30; p = 0.041), glutathione S-transferase activity (F = 4.88; p = 0.009), and damage (F = 3.20; p = 0.045), protection (F = 12.75; p < 0.001), and OXY (F = 7.29; p = 0.001) scores. Protein carbonyl concentration was positively correlated with CAG repeat length (r = 0.27; p = 0.022), while both protein carbonyl concentration (r = -0.27; p = 0.018) and OXY score (r = -0.25; p = 0.013) were inversely correlated to the disease duration. Increasing levels of antioxidants and decreasing levels of prooxidant parameters were associated with clinical worsening. CONCLUSIONS There is a disruption of redox balance in SCA2 mutation carriers which depends on the disease stage. Besides, redox changes associate with markers of disease severity, suggesting a link between disruption of redox balance and SCA2 physiopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almaguer-Gotay Dennis
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - Luis E. Almaguer-Mederos
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - Rodríguez-Aguilera Raúl
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | | | - Velázquez-Pérez Luis
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- Cuban Academy of Sciences, Cuba
| | - Cuello-Almarales Dany
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - González-Zaldívar Yanetza
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - Vázquez-Mojena Yaimeé
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
| | | | - Peña-Acosta Arnoy
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
| | - Torres-Vega Reydenis
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fellgett A, Middleton CA, Munns J, Ugbode C, Jaciuch D, Wilson LG, Chawla S, Elliott CJ. Multiple Pathways of LRRK2-G2019S/Rab10 Interaction in Dopaminergic Neurons. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:1805-1820. [PMID: 34250948 PMCID: PMC8609683 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited mutations in the LRRK2 protein are common causes of Parkinson's disease, but the mechanisms by which increased kinase activity of mutant LRRK2 leads to pathological events remain to be determined. In vitro assays (heterologous cell culture, phospho-protein mass spectrometry) suggest that several Rab proteins might be directly phosphorylated by LRRK2-G2019S. An in vivo screen of Rab expression in dopaminergic neurons in young adult Drosophila demonstrated a strong genetic interaction between LRRK2-G2019S and Rab10. OBJECTIVE To determine if Rab10 is necessary for LRRK2-induced pathophysiological responses in the neurons that control movement, vision, circadian activity, and memory. These four systems were chosen because they are modulated by dopaminergic neurons in both humans and flies. METHODS LRRK2-G2019S was expressed in Drosophila dopaminergic neurons and the effects of Rab10 depletion on Proboscis Extension, retinal neurophysiology, circadian activity pattern ('sleep'), and courtship memory determined in aged flies. RESULTS Rab10 loss-of-function rescued LRRK2-G2019S induced bradykinesia and retinal signaling deficits. Rab10 knock-down, however, did not rescue the marked sleep phenotype which results from dopaminergic LRRK2-G2019S. Courtship memory is not affected by LRRK2, but is markedly improved by Rab10 depletion. Anatomically, both LRRK2-G2019S and Rab10 are seen in the cytoplasm and at the synaptic endings of dopaminergic neurons. CONCLUSION We conclude that, in Drosophila dopaminergic neurons, Rab10 is involved in some, but not all, LRRK2-induced behavioral deficits. Therefore, variations in Rab expression may contribute to susceptibility of different dopaminergic nuclei to neurodegeneration seen in people with Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jack Munns
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Chris Ugbode
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Laurence G. Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, UK
| | - Sangeeta Chawla
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, UK
| | - Christopher J.H. Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Guha S, Johnson GVW, Nehrke K. The Crosstalk Between Pathological Tau Phosphorylation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Key to Understanding and Treating Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5103-5120. [PMID: 32851560 PMCID: PMC7544674 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. A defining hallmark of the AD brain is the presence of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) which are made up of abnormally modified tau, with aberrant phosphorylation being the most studied posttranslational modification (PTM). Although the accumulation of tau as NFTs is an invariant feature of the AD brain, it has become evident that these insoluble aggregates are likely not the primary pathogenic form of tau, rather soluble forms of tau with abnormal PTMs are the mediators of toxicity. The most prevalent PTM on tau is phosphorylation, with the abnormal modification of specific residues on tau playing a key role in its toxicity. Even though it is widely accepted that tau with aberrant PTMs facilitates neurodegeneration, the precise cellular mechanisms remain unknown. Nonetheless, there is an evolving conceptual framework that an important contributing factor may be selective pathological tau species compromising mitochondrial biology. Understanding the mechanisms by which tau with site-specific PTM impacts mitochondria is crucial for understanding the role tau plays in AD. Here, we provide a brief introduction to tau and its phosphorylation and function in a physiological context, followed by a discussion of the impact of soluble phosphorylated tau species on neuronal processes in general and mitochondria more specifically. We also discuss how therapeutic strategies that attenuate pathological tau species in combination with treatments that improve mitochondrial biology could be a potential therapeutic avenue to mitigate disease progression in AD and other tauopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Guha
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Gail V W Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Keith Nehrke
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14642, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Parp3 promotes astrocytic differentiation through a tight regulation of Nox4-induced ROS and mTorc2 activation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:954. [PMID: 33159039 PMCID: PMC7648797 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parp3 is a member of the Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (Parp) family that has been characterized for its functions in strand break repair, chromosomal rearrangements, mitotic segregation and tumor aggressiveness. Yet its physiological implications remain unknown. Here we report a central function of Parp3 in the regulation of redox homeostasis in continuous neurogenesis in mice. We show that the absence of Parp3 provokes Nox4-induced oxidative stress and defective mTorc2 activation leading to inefficient differentiation of post-natal neural stem/progenitor cells to astrocytes. The accumulation of ROS contributes to the decreased activity of mTorc2 as a result of an oxidation-induced and Fbxw7-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of Rictor. In vivo, mTorc2 signaling is compromised in the striatum of naïve post-natal Parp3-deficient mice and 6 h after acute hypoxia-ischemia. These findings reveal a physiological function of Parp3 in the tight regulation of striatal oxidative stress and mTorc2 during astrocytic differentiation and in the acute phase of hypoxia-ischemia.
Collapse
|
43
|
Hughes GL, Lones MA, Bedder M, Currie PD, Smith SL, Pownall ME. Machine learning discriminates a movement disorder in a zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm045815. [PMID: 32859696 PMCID: PMC7578351 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of human disease provide an in vivo system that can reveal molecular mechanisms by which mutations cause pathology, and, moreover, have the potential to provide a valuable tool for drug development. Here, we have developed a zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease (PD) together with a novel method to screen for movement disorders in adult fish, pioneering a more efficient drug-testing route. Mutation of the PARK7 gene (which encodes DJ-1) is known to cause monogenic autosomal recessive PD in humans, and, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we generated a Dj-1 loss-of-function zebrafish with molecular hallmarks of PD. To establish whether there is a human-relevant parkinsonian phenotype in our model, we adapted proven tools used to diagnose PD in clinics and developed a novel and unbiased computational method to classify movement disorders in adult zebrafish. Using high-resolution video capture and machine learning, we extracted novel features of movement from continuous data streams and used an evolutionary algorithm to classify parkinsonian fish. This method will be widely applicable for assessing zebrafish models of human motor diseases and provide a valuable asset for the therapeutics pipeline. In addition, interrogation of RNA-seq data indicate metabolic reprogramming of brains in the absence of Dj-1, adding to growing evidence that disruption of bioenergetics is a key feature of neurodegeneration.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gideon L Hughes
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Michael A Lones
- School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Matthew Bedder
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stephen L Smith
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mary Elizabeth Pownall
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
West RJH, Ugbode C, Fort-Aznar L, Sweeney ST. Neuroprotective activity of ursodeoxycholic acid in CHMP2B Intron5 models of frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 144:105047. [PMID: 32801000 PMCID: PMC7491204 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is one of the most prevalent forms of early-onset dementia. It represents part of the FTD-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) spectrum, a continuum of genetically and pathologically overlapping disorders. FTD-causing mutations in CHMP2B, a gene encoding a core component of the heteromeric ESCRT-III Complex, lead to perturbed endosomal-lysosomal and autophagic trafficking with impaired proteostasis. While CHMP2B mutations are rare, dysfunctional endosomal-lysosomal signalling is common across the FTD-ALS spectrum. Using our established Drosophila and mammalian models of CHMP2BIntron5 induced FTD we demonstrate that the FDA-approved compound Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) conveys neuroprotection, downstream of endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction in both Drosophila and primary mammalian neurons. UDCA exhibited a dose dependent rescue of neuronal structure and function in Drosophila pan-neuronally expressing CHMP2BIntron5. Rescue of CHMP2BIntron5 dependent dendritic collapse and apoptosis with UDCA in rat primary neurons was also observed. UDCA failed to ameliorate aberrant accumulation of endosomal and autophagic organelles or ubiquitinated neuronal inclusions in both models. We demonstrate the neuroprotective activity of UDCA downstream of endosomal-lysosomal and autophagic dysfunction, delineating the molecular mode of action of UDCA and highlighting its potential as a therapeutic for the treatment of FTD-ALS spectrum disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J H West
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK; Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Chris Ugbode
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Sean T Sweeney
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mitra S, Kaushik N, Moon IS, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. Utility of Reactive Species Generation in Plasma Medicine for Neuronal Development. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E348. [PMID: 32932745 PMCID: PMC7555638 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical signaling molecules for neuronal physiology that stimulate growth and development and play vital roles in several pathways when in a balanced state, but they cause neurodegeneration when unbalanced. As ROS levels above a certain threshold cause the activation of the autophagy system, moderate levels of ROS can be used as treatment strategies. Currently, such treatments are used together with low-level laser or photodynamic therapies, photo-bio modulation, or infrared treatments, in different chronic diseases but not in the treatment of neurodegeneration. Recently, non-thermal plasma has been successfully used in biomedical applications and treatments, and beneficial effects such as differentiation, cell growth, and proliferation, stimulation of ROS based pathways have been observed. Besides the activation of a wide range of biological signaling pathways by generating ROS, plasma application can be an effective treatment in neuronal regeneration, as well as in neuronal diseases. In this review, we summarize the generation and role of ROS in neurons and provide critical insights into their potential benefits on neurons. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms of ROS on neuronal development. Regarding clinical applications, we focus on ROS-based neuronal growth and regeneration strategies and in the usage of non-thermal plasma in neuronal and CNS injury treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea;
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Korea;
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea;
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ugbode C, Garnham N, Fort-Aznar L, Evans GJO, Chawla S, Sweeney ST. JNK signalling regulates antioxidant responses in neurons. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101712. [PMID: 32949970 PMCID: PMC7502373 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during physiological bouts of synaptic activity and as a consequence of pathological conditions in the central nervous system. How neurons respond to and distinguish between ROS in these different contexts is currently unknown. In Drosophila mutants with enhanced JNK activity, lower levels of ROS are observed and these animals are resistant to both changes in ROS and changes in synapse morphology induced by oxidative stress. In wild type flies, disrupting JNK-AP-1 signalling perturbs redox homeostasis suggesting JNK activity positively regulates neuronal antioxidant defense. We validated this hypothesis in mammalian neurons, finding that JNK activity regulates the expression of the antioxidant gene Srxn-1, in a c-Jun dependent manner. We describe a conserved ‘adaptive’ role for neuronal JNK in the maintenance of redox homeostasis that is relevant to several neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ugbode
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Nathan Garnham
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Laura Fort-Aznar
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gareth J O Evans
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sangeeta Chawla
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Sean T Sweeney
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tsurumi A, Li WX. Aging mechanisms-A perspective mostly from Drosophila. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 1:e10026. [PMID: 36619249 PMCID: PMC9744567 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.10026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of the natural aging process, which is distinct from aging-related disease mechanisms, is essential for developing interventions to extend lifespan or healthspan. Here, we discuss current trends in aging research and address conceptual and experimental challenges in the field. We examine various molecular markers implicated in aging with an emphasis on the role of heterochromatin and epigenetic changes. Studies in model organisms have been advantageous in elucidating conserved genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and assessing interventions that affect aging. We highlight the use of Drosophila, which allows controlled studies for evaluating genetic and environmental contributors to aging conveniently. Finally, we propose the use of novel methodologies and future strategies using Drosophila in aging research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Tsurumi
- Department of SurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA,Shriners Hospitals for Children‐Boston®BostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Willis X. Li
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mechanisms underlying homeostatic plasticity in the Drosophila mushroom body in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16606-16615. [PMID: 32601210 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921294117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural network function requires an appropriate balance of excitation and inhibition to be maintained by homeostatic plasticity. However, little is known about homeostatic mechanisms in the intact central brain in vivo. Here, we study homeostatic plasticity in the Drosophila mushroom body, where Kenyon cells receive feedforward excitation from olfactory projection neurons and feedback inhibition from the anterior paired lateral neuron (APL). We show that prolonged (4-d) artificial activation of the inhibitory APL causes increased Kenyon cell odor responses after the artificial inhibition is removed, suggesting that the mushroom body compensates for excess inhibition. In contrast, there is little compensation for lack of inhibition (blockade of APL). The compensation occurs through a combination of increased excitation of Kenyon cells and decreased activation of APL, with differing relative contributions for different Kenyon cell subtypes. Our findings establish the fly mushroom body as a model for homeostatic plasticity in vivo.
Collapse
|
49
|
Vaccaro A, Kaplan Dor Y, Nambara K, Pollina EA, Lin C, Greenberg ME, Rogulja D. Sleep Loss Can Cause Death through Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Gut. Cell 2020; 181:1307-1328.e15. [PMID: 32502393 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The view that sleep is essential for survival is supported by the ubiquity of this behavior, the apparent existence of sleep-like states in the earliest animals, and the fact that severe sleep loss can be lethal. The cause of this lethality is unknown. Here we show, using flies and mice, that sleep deprivation leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent oxidative stress, specifically in the gut. ROS are not just correlates of sleep deprivation but drivers of death: their neutralization prevents oxidative stress and allows flies to have a normal lifespan with little to no sleep. The rescue can be achieved with oral antioxidant compounds or with gut-targeted transgenic expression of antioxidant enzymes. We conclude that death upon severe sleep restriction can be caused by oxidative stress, that the gut is central in this process, and that survival without sleep is possible when ROS accumulation is prevented. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vaccaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yosef Kaplan Dor
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keishi Nambara
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Cindy Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Dragana Rogulja
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
The pROS of Autophagy in Neuronal Health. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2546-2559. [PMID: 32006535 PMCID: PMC7232022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy refers to a set of catabolic pathways that together facilitate degradation of superfluous, damaged and toxic cellular components. The most studied type of autophagy, called macroautophagy, involves membrane mobilisation, cargo engulfment and trafficking of the newly formed autophagic vesicle to the recycling organelle, the lysosome. Macroautophagy responds to a variety of intra- and extra-cellular stress conditions including, but not limited to, pathogen intrusion, oxygen or nutrient starvation, proteotoxic and organelle stress, and elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly reactive oxygen molecules that can interact with cellular macromolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) to either modify their activity or, when released in excess, inflict irreversible damage. Although increased ROS release has long been recognised for its involvement in macroautophagy activation, the underlying mechanisms and the wider impact of ROS-mediated macroautophagy stimulation remain incompletely understood. We therefore discuss the growing body of evidence that describes the variety of mechanisms modulated by ROS that trigger cytoprotective detoxification via macroautophagy. We outline the role of ROS in signalling upstream of autophagy initiation, by increased gene expression and post-translational modifications of transcription factors, and in the formation and nucleation of autophagic vesicles by cysteine modification of conserved autophagy proteins including ATG4B, ATG7 and ATG3. Furthermore, we review the effect of ROS on selective forms of macroautophagy, specifically on cargo recognition by autophagy receptor proteins p62 and NBR1 (neighbour of BRCA1) and the recycling of mitochondria (mitophagy), and peroxisomes (pexophagy). Finally, we highlight both, the standalone and mutual contributions of abnormal ROS signalling and macroautophagy to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. ROS are messengers that modify protein activity by PTMs. ROS-mediated PTMs regulate activity and specificity of autophagy proteins. Increase in autophagy mediates rapid clearance of oxidised cargo and ROS sources. The importance of ROS-mediated autophagy is highlighted in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|