1
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Taniguchi J, Melani R, Chantranupong L, Wen MJ, Mohebi A, Berke JD, Sabatini BL, Tritsch NX. Comment on 'Accumbens cholinergic interneurons dynamically promote dopamine release and enable motivation'. eLife 2024; 13:e95694. [PMID: 38748470 PMCID: PMC11095934 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine is widely believed to modulate the release of dopamine in the striatum of mammals. Experiments in brain slices clearly show that synchronous activation of striatal cholinergic interneurons is sufficient to drive dopamine release via axo-axonal stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. However, evidence for this mechanism in vivo has been less forthcoming. Mohebi, Collins and Berke recently reported that, in awake behaving rats, optogenetic activation of striatal cholinergic interneurons with blue light readily evokes dopamine release measured with the red fluorescent sensor RdLight1 (Mohebi et al., 2023). Here, we show that blue light alone alters the fluorescent properties of RdLight1 in a manner that may be misconstrued as phasic dopamine release, and that this artefactual photoactivation can account for the effects attributed to cholinergic interneurons. Our findings indicate that measurements of dopamine using the red-shifted fluorescent sensor RdLight1 should be interpreted with caution when combined with optogenetics. In light of this and other publications that did not observe large acetylcholine-evoked dopamine transients in vivo, the conditions under which such release occurs in behaving animals remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Taniguchi
- Neuroscience Institute and Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Riccardo Melani
- Neuroscience Institute and Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lynne Chantranupong
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Michelle J Wen
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ali Mohebi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Joshua D Berke
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Bernardo L Sabatini
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Nicolas X Tritsch
- Neuroscience Institute and Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
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2
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Jang HJ, Ward RM, Golden CEM, Constantinople CM. Acetylcholine demixes heterogeneous dopamine signals for learning and moving. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592444. [PMID: 38746300 PMCID: PMC11092744 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons promote reinforcement learning and movement vigor. A major outstanding question is how dopamine-recipient neurons in the striatum parse these heterogeneous signals. Here we characterized dopamine and acetylcholine release in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) of rats performing a decision-making task. We found that dopamine acted as a reward prediction error (RPE), modulating behavior and DMS spiking on subsequent trials when coincident with pauses in cholinergic release. In contrast, at task events that elicited coincident bursts of acetylcholine and dopamine, dopamine preceded contralateral movements and predicted movement vigor without inducing plastic changes in DMS firing rates. Our findings provide a circuit-level mechanism by which cholinergic modulation allows the same dopamine signals to be used for either movement or learning depending on instantaneous behavioral context.
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3
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Van Zandt M, Flanagan D, Pittenger C. Sex differences in the distribution and density of regulatory interneurons in the striatum. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.29.582798. [PMID: 38464268 PMCID: PMC10925328 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.29.582798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the cortico-basal circuitry - including its primary input nucleus, the striatum - contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism and Tourette Syndrome (TS). These conditions show marked sex differences, occurring more often in males than in females. Regulatory interneurons, including cholinergic interneurons (CINs) and parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic fast spiking interneurons (FSIs), are implicated in human neuropsychiatric disorders such as TS, and ablation of these interneurons produces relevant behavioral pathology in male mice, but not in females. Here we investigate sex differences in the density and distribution of striatal interneurons, using stereological quantification of CINs, FSIs, and somatostatin-expressing (SOM) GABAergic interneurons in the dorsal striatum (caudate-putamen) and the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) in male and female mice. Males have a higher density of CINs than females, especially in the dorsal striatum; females have equal distribution between dorsal and ventral striatum. FSIs showed similar effects, with a greater dorsal-ventral density gradient in males than in females. SOM interneurons were denser in the ventral than in the dorsal striatum, with no sex differences. These sex differences in the density and distribution of FSIs and CINs may contribute to sex differences in basal ganglia function, including in the context of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Van Zandt
- Pittenger Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Deirdre Flanagan
- Pittenger Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher Pittenger
- Pittenger Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale School of Arts and Sciences, New Haven, USA
- Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Wu-Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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4
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Engel L, Wolff AR, Blake M, Collins VL, Sinha S, Saunders BT. Dopamine neurons drive spatiotemporally heterogeneous striatal dopamine signals during learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.01.547331. [PMID: 38585717 PMCID: PMC10996462 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.01.547331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Environmental cues, through Pavlovian learning, become conditioned stimuli that invigorate and guide animals toward acquisition of rewards. Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SNC) are crucial for this process. Dopamine neurons are embedded in a reciprocally connected network with their striatal targets, the functional organization of which remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated how learning during optogenetic Pavlovian cue conditioning of VTA or SNC dopamine neurons directs cue-evoked behavior and shapes subregion-specific striatal dopamine dynamics. We used a fluorescent dopamine biosensor to monitor dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell, dorsomedial striatum (DMS), and dorsolateral striatum (DLS). We demonstrate spatially heterogeneous, learning-dependent dopamine changes across striatal regions. While VTA stimulation evoked robust dopamine release in NAc core, shell, and DMS, cues predictive of this activation preferentially recruited dopamine release in NAc core, starting early in training, and DMS, late in training. Corresponding negative prediction error signals, reflecting a violation in the expectation of dopamine neuron activation, only emerged in the NAc core and DMS, and not the shell. Despite development of vigorous movement late in training, conditioned dopamine signals did not similarly emerge in the DLS, even during Pavlovian conditioning with SNC dopamine neuron activation, which elicited robust DLS dopamine release. Together, our studies show broad dissociation in the fundamental prediction and reward-related information generated by different dopamine neuron populations and signaled by dopamine across the striatum. Further, they offer new insight into how larger-scale plasticity across the striatal network emerges during Pavlovian learning to coordinate behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Engel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota
- Current Address: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | - Amy R Wolff
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota
| | - Madelyn Blake
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota
| | - Val L Collins
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Benjamin T Saunders
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota
- Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, University of Minnesota
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5
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Ma P, Chen P, Tilden EI, Aggarwal S, Oldenborg A, Chen Y. Fast and slow: Recording neuromodulator dynamics across both transient and chronic time scales. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi0643. [PMID: 38381826 PMCID: PMC10881037 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Neuromodulators transform animal behaviors. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of both sustained and transient change in neuromodulators, likely due to tonic and phasic neuromodulator release. However, no method could simultaneously record both types of dynamics. Fluorescence lifetime of optical reporters could offer a solution because it allows high temporal resolution and is impervious to sensor expression differences across chronic periods. Nevertheless, no fluorescence lifetime change across the entire classes of neuromodulator sensors was previously known. Unexpectedly, we find that several intensity-based neuromodulator sensors also exhibit fluorescence lifetime responses. Furthermore, we show that lifetime measures in vivo neuromodulator dynamics both with high temporal resolution and with consistency across animals and time. Thus, we report a method that can simultaneously measure neuromodulator change over transient and chronic time scales, promising to reveal the roles of multi-time scale neuromodulator dynamics in diseases, in response to therapies, and across development and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Master’s Program in Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth I. Tilden
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samarth Aggarwal
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anna Oldenborg
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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6
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Taniguchi J, Melani R, Chantranupong L, Wen MJ, Mohebi A, Berke J, Sabatini B, Tritsch N. Comment on 'Accumbens cholinergic interneurons dynamically promote dopamine release and enable motivation'. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.27.573485. [PMID: 38260459 PMCID: PMC10802245 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Acetylcholine is widely believed to modulate the release of dopamine in the striatum of mammals. Experiments in brain slices clearly show that synchronous activation of striatal cholinergic interneurons is sufficient to drive dopamine release via axo-axonal stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. However, evidence for this mechanism in vivo has been less forthcoming. A recent paper in eLife (Mohebi et al., 2023) reported that, in awake behaving rats, optogenetic activation of striatal cholinergic interneurons with blue light readily evokes dopamine release measured with the red fluorescent sensor RdLight1. Here, we show that blue light alone alters the fluorescent properties of RdLight1 in a manner that may be misconstrued as phasic dopamine release, and that this artefactual photoactivation can account for the effects attributed to cholinergic interneurons. Our findings indicate that measurements of dopamine using the red-shifted fluorescent sensor RdLight1 should be interpreted with caution when combined with optogenetics. In light of this and other publications that did not observe large acetylcholine-evoked dopamine transients in vivo, the conditions under which such release occurs in behaving animals remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Taniguchi
- Neuroscience Institute and Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Riccardo Melani
- Neuroscience Institute and Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Lynne Chantranupong
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Michelle J Wen
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ali Mohebi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Joshua Berke
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Bernardo Sabatini
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Nicolas Tritsch
- Neuroscience Institute and Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Lead contact
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7
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Zhai S, Cui Q, Simmons DV, Surmeier DJ. Distributed dopaminergic signaling in the basal ganglia and its relationship to motor disability in Parkinson's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102798. [PMID: 37866012 PMCID: PMC10842063 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons that innervate the basal ganglia is responsible for the cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been thought that loss of dopaminergic signaling in one basal ganglia region - the striatum - was solely responsible for the network pathophysiology causing PD motor symptoms. While our understanding of dopamine (DA)'s role in modulating striatal circuitry has deepened in recent years, it also has become clear that it acts in other regions of the basal ganglia to influence movement. Underscoring this point, examination of a new progressive mouse model of PD shows that striatal dopamine DA depletion alone is not sufficient to induce parkinsonism and that restoration of extra-striatal DA signaling attenuates parkinsonian motor deficits once they appear. This review summarizes recent advances in the effort to understand basal ganglia circuitry, its modulation by DA, and how its dysfunction drives PD motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyu Zhai
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qiaoling Cui
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - DeNard V Simmons
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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8
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Hatta D, Kanamoto K, Makiya S, Watanabe K, Kishino T, Kinoshita A, Yoshiura KI, Kurotaki N, Shirotani K, Iwata N. Proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 knock-in mice present dopamine-dependent motor deficits. J Biochem 2023; 174:561-570. [PMID: 37793168 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) lead to dyskinetic disorders such as paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), which is characterized by attacks of involuntary movements precipitated by suddenly initiated motion, and some convulsive disorders. Although previous studies have shown that PKD might be caused by cerebellar dysfunction, PRRT2 has not been sufficiently analyzed in some motor-related regions, including the basal ganglia, where dopaminergic neurons are most abundant in the brain. Here, we generated several types of Prrt2 knock-in (KI) mice harboring mutations, such as c.672dupG, that mimics the human pathological mutation c.649dupC and investigated the contribution of Prrt2 to dopaminergic regulation. Regardless of differences in the frameshift sites, all truncating mutations abolished Prrt2 expression within the striatum and cerebral cortex, consistent with previous reports of similar Prrt2 mutant rodents, confirming the loss-of-function nature of these mutations. Importantly, administration of l-dopa, a precursor of dopamine, exacerbated rotarod performance, especially in Prrt2-KI mice. These findings suggest that dopaminergic dysfunction in the brain by the PRRT2 mutation might be implicated in a part of motor symptoms of PKD and related disorders.
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Key Words
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l-dopa
- Prrt2
- dopamine
- paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia
- rotarod.Abbreviations:
BFIE, benign familial infantile epilepsy; BG, basal ganglia; DA, dopamine; gRNA, guide ribonucleic acid; KI, knock-in; Kif26b, kinesin family member 26b; KLH, Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin; LID, l-dopa-induced dyskinesia; MBS, m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester; NMD, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay; PKD, paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia; PRRT2, proline-rich transmembrane protein 2; SNARE, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hatta
- Department of Genome-Based Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kaito Kanamoto
- Department of Genome-Based Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Shiho Makiya
- Department of Genome-Based Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kaori Watanabe
- Department of Genome-Based Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kishino
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Center for Advanced Genomics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Akira Kinoshita
- Department of Human Genetics, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichiro Yoshiura
- Department of Human Genetics, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kurotaki
- Department of Human Genetics, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Keiro Shirotani
- Department of Genome-Based Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Iwata
- Department of Genome-Based Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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9
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Matityahu L, Gilin N, Sarpong GA, Atamna Y, Tiroshi L, Tritsch NX, Wickens JR, Goldberg JA. Acetylcholine waves and dopamine release in the striatum. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6852. [PMID: 37891198 PMCID: PMC10611775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Striatal dopamine encodes reward, with recent work showing that dopamine release occurs in spatiotemporal waves. However, the mechanism of dopamine waves is unknown. Here we report that acetylcholine release in mouse striatum also exhibits wave activity, and that the spatial scale of striatal dopamine release is extended by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Based on these findings, and on our demonstration that single cholinergic interneurons can induce dopamine release, we hypothesized that the local reciprocal interaction between cholinergic interneurons and dopamine axons suffices to drive endogenous traveling waves. We show that the morphological and physiological properties of cholinergic interneuron - dopamine axon interactions can be modeled as a reaction-diffusion system that gives rise to traveling waves. Analytically-tractable versions of the model show that the structure and the nature of propagation of acetylcholine and dopamine traveling waves depend on their coupling, and that traveling waves can give rise to empirically observed correlations between these signals. Thus, our study provides evidence for striatal acetylcholine waves in vivo, and proposes a testable theoretical framework that predicts that the observed dopamine and acetylcholine waves are strongly coupled phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Matityahu
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naomi Gilin
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gideon A Sarpong
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yara Atamna
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Tiroshi
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nicolas X Tritsch
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jeffery R Wickens
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Joshua A Goldberg
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel - Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel.
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10
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Azcorra M, Gaertner Z, Davidson C, He Q, Kim H, Nagappan S, Hayes CK, Ramakrishnan C, Fenno L, Kim YS, Deisseroth K, Longnecker R, Awatramani R, Dombeck DA. Unique functional responses differentially map onto genetic subtypes of dopamine neurons. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1762-1774. [PMID: 37537242 PMCID: PMC10545540 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine neurons are characterized by their response to unexpected rewards, but they also fire during movement and aversive stimuli. Dopamine neuron diversity has been observed based on molecular expression profiles; however, whether different functions map onto such genetic subtypes remains unclear. In this study, we established that three genetic dopamine neuron subtypes within the substantia nigra pars compacta, characterized by the expression of Slc17a6 (Vglut2), Calb1 and Anxa1, each have a unique set of responses to rewards, aversive stimuli and accelerations and decelerations, and these signaling patterns are highly correlated between somas and axons within subtypes. Remarkably, reward responses were almost entirely absent in the Anxa1+ subtype, which instead displayed acceleration-correlated signaling. Our findings establish a connection between functional and genetic dopamine neuron subtypes and demonstrate that molecular expression patterns can serve as a common framework to dissect dopaminergic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Azcorra
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Zachary Gaertner
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Connor Davidson
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Qianzi He
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Hailey Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Shivathmihai Nagappan
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Cooper K Hayes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charu Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lief Fenno
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience & Psychiatry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yoon Seok Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard Longnecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rajeshwar Awatramani
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel A Dombeck
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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11
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Krok AC, Maltese M, Mistry P, Miao X, Li Y, Tritsch NX. Intrinsic dopamine and acetylcholine dynamics in the striatum of mice. Nature 2023; 621:543-549. [PMID: 37558873 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
External rewards such as food and money are potent modifiers of behaviour1,2. Pioneering studies established that these salient sensory stimuli briefly interrupt the tonic discharge of neurons that produce the neuromodulators dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh): midbrain DA neurons (DANs) fire a burst of action potentials that broadly elevates DA in the striatum3,4 at the same time that striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) produce a characteristic pause in firing5,6. These phasic responses are thought to create unique, temporally limited conditions that motivate action and promote learning7-11. However, the dynamics of DA and ACh outside explicitly rewarded situations remain poorly understood. Here we show that extracellular DA and ACh levels fluctuate spontaneously and periodically at a frequency of approximately 2 Hz in the dorsal striatum of mice and maintain the same temporal relationship relative to one another as that evoked by reward. We show that this neuromodulatory coordination does not arise from direct interactions between DA and ACh within the striatum. Instead, we provide evidence that periodic fluctuations in striatal DA are inherited from midbrain DANs, while striatal ACh transients are driven by glutamatergic inputs, which act to locally synchronize the spiking of CINs. Together, our findings show that striatal neuromodulatory dynamics are autonomously organized by distributed extra-striatal afferents. The dominance of intrinsic rhythms in DA and ACh offers new insights for explaining how reward-associated neural dynamics emerge and how the brain motivates action and promotes learning from within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Krok
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Maltese
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pratik Mistry
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaolei Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nicolas X Tritsch
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Chancey JH, Kellendonk C, Javitch JA, Lovinger DM. Dopaminergic D2 receptor modulation of striatal cholinergic interneurons contributes to sequence learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.554807. [PMID: 37693570 PMCID: PMC10491092 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.554807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Learning action sequences is necessary for normal daily activities. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the dorsal striatum (dStr) encode action sequences through changes in firing at the start and/or stop of action sequences or sustained changes in firing throughout the sequence. Acetylcholine (ACh), released from cholinergic interneurons (ChIs), regulates striatal function by modulating MSN and interneuron excitability, dopamine and glutamate release, and synaptic plasticity. Cholinergic neurons in dStr pause their tonic firing during the performance of learned action sequences. Activation of dopamine type-2 receptors (D2Rs) on ChIs is one mechanism of ChI pausing. In this study we show that deleting D2Rs from ChIs by crossing D2-floxed with ChAT-Cre mice (D2Flox-ChATCre), which inhibits dopamine-mediated ChI pausing and leads to deficits in an operant action sequence task and lower breakpoints in a progressive ratio task. These data suggest that D2Flox-ChATCre mice have reduced motivation to work for sucrose reward, but show no generalized motor skill deficits. D2Flox-ChATCre mice perform similarly to controls in a simple reversal learning task, indicating normal behavioral flexibility, a cognitive function associated with ChIs. In vivo electrophysiological recordings show that D2Flox-ChatCre mice have deficits in sequence encoding, with fewer dStr MSNs encoding entire action sequences compared to controls. Thus, ChI D2R deletion appears to impair a neural substrate of action chunking. Virally replacing D2Rs in dStr ChIs in adult mice improves action sequence learning, but not the lower breakpoints, further suggesting that D2Rs on ChIs in the dStr are critical for sequence learning, but not for driving the motivational aspects of the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hotard Chancey
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA, 20852
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA, 10032
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA, 10032
| | - David M. Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA, 20852
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13
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Suthard RL, Senne RA, Buzharsky MD, Pyo AY, Dorst KE, Diep AH, Cole RH, Ramirez S. Basolateral Amygdala Astrocytes Are Engaged by the Acquisition and Expression of a Contextual Fear Memory. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4997-5013. [PMID: 37268419 PMCID: PMC10324998 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1775-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are key cellular regulators within the brain. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is implicated in fear memory processing, yet most research has entirely focused on neuronal mechanisms, despite a significant body of work implicating astrocytes in learning and memory. In the present study, we used in vivo fiber photometry in C57BL/6J male mice to record from amygdalar astrocytes across fear learning, recall, and three separate periods of extinction. We found that BLA astrocytes robustly responded to foot shock during acquisition, their activity remained remarkably elevated across days in comparison to unshocked control animals, and their increased activity persisted throughout extinction. Further, we found that astrocytes responded to the initiation and termination of freezing bouts during contextual fear conditioning and recall, and this behavior-locked pattern of activity did not persist throughout the extinction sessions. Importantly, astrocytes do not display these changes while exploring a novel context, suggesting that these observations are specific to the original fear-associated environment. Chemogenetic inhibition of fear ensembles in the BLA did not affect freezing behavior or astrocytic calcium dynamics. Overall, our work presents a real-time role for amygdalar astrocytes in fear processing and provides new insight into the emerging role of these cells in cognition and behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that basolateral amygdala astrocytes are robustly responsive to negative experiences, like shock, and display changed calcium activity patterns through fear learning and memory. Additionally, astrocytic calcium responses become time locked to the initiation and termination of freezing behavior during fear learning and recall. We find that astrocytes display calcium dynamics unique to a fear-conditioned context, and chemogenetic inhibition of BLA fear ensembles does not have an impact on freezing behavior or calcium dynamics. These findings show that astrocytes play a key real-time role in fear learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Suthard
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Ryan A Senne
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Michelle D Buzharsky
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Angela Y Pyo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Kaitlyn E Dorst
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Anh H Diep
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Rebecca H Cole
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Steve Ramirez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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14
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Surmeier DJ, Zhai S, Cui Q, Simmons DV. Rethinking the network determinants of motor disability in Parkinson's disease. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 15:1186484. [PMID: 37448451 PMCID: PMC10336242 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1186484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For roughly the last 30 years, the notion that striatal dopamine (DA) depletion was the critical determinant of network pathophysiology underlying the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has dominated the field. While the basal ganglia circuit model underpinning this hypothesis has been of great heuristic value, the hypothesis itself has never been directly tested. Moreover, studies in the last couple of decades have made it clear that the network model underlying this hypothesis fails to incorporate key features of the basal ganglia, including the fact that DA acts throughout the basal ganglia, not just in the striatum. Underscoring this point, recent work using a progressive mouse model of PD has shown that striatal DA depletion alone is not sufficient to induce parkinsonism and that restoration of extra-striatal DA signaling attenuates parkinsonian motor deficits once they appear. Given the broad array of discoveries in the field, it is time for a new model of the network determinants of motor disability in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shenyu Zhai
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Qiaoling Cui
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - DeNard V Simmons
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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15
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Shroff SN, Lowet E, Sridhar S, Gritton HJ, Abumuaileq M, Tseng HA, Cheung C, Zhou SL, Kondabolu K, Han X. Striatal cholinergic interneuron membrane voltage tracks locomotor rhythms in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3802. [PMID: 37365189 PMCID: PMC10293266 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic neural network activity has been broadly linked to behavior. However, it is unclear how membrane potentials of individual neurons track behavioral rhythms, even though many neurons exhibit pace-making properties in isolated brain circuits. To examine whether single-cell voltage rhythmicity is coupled to behavioral rhythms, we focused on delta-frequencies (1-4 Hz) that are known to occur at both the neural network and behavioral levels. We performed membrane voltage imaging of individual striatal neurons simultaneously with network-level local field potential recordings in mice during voluntary movement. We report sustained delta oscillations in the membrane potentials of many striatal neurons, particularly cholinergic interneurons, which organize spikes and network oscillations at beta-frequencies (20-40 Hz) associated with locomotion. Furthermore, the delta-frequency patterned cellular dynamics are coupled to animals' stepping cycles. Thus, delta-rhythmic cellular dynamics in cholinergic interneurons, known for their autonomous pace-making capabilities, play an important role in regulating network rhythmicity and movement patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaya N Shroff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Lowet
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sudiksha Sridhar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard J Gritton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Hua-An Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cyrus Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel L Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Xue Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Mohebi A, Collins VL, Berke JD. Accumbens cholinergic interneurons dynamically promote dopamine release and enable motivation. eLife 2023; 12:e85011. [PMID: 37272423 PMCID: PMC10259987 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation to work for potential rewards is critically dependent on dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). DA release from NAc axons can be controlled by at least two distinct mechanisms: (1) action potentials propagating from DA cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and (2) activation of β2* nicotinic receptors by local cholinergic interneurons (CINs). How CIN activity contributes to NAc DA dynamics in behaving animals is not well understood. We monitored DA release in the NAc Core of awake, unrestrained rats using the DA sensor RdLight1, while simultaneously monitoring or manipulating CIN activity at the same location. CIN stimulation rapidly evoked DA release, and in contrast to slice preparations, this DA release showed no indication of short-term depression or receptor desensitization. The sound of unexpected food delivery evoked a brief joint increase in CIN population activity and DA release, with a second joint increase as rats approached the food. In an operant task, we observed fast ramps in CIN activity during approach behaviors, either to start the trial or to collect rewards. These CIN ramps co-occurred with DA release ramps, without corresponding changes in the firing of lateral VTA DA neurons. Finally, we examined the effects of blocking CIN influence over DA release through local NAc infusion of DHβE, a selective antagonist of β2* nicotinic receptors. DHβE dose-dependently interfered with motivated approach decisions, mimicking the effects of a DA antagonist. Our results support a key influence of CINs over motivated behavior via the local regulation of DA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohebi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Val L Collins
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Joshua D Berke
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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17
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Kramer PF, Brill-Weil SG, Cummins AC, Zhang R, Camacho-Hernandez GA, Newman AH, Eldridge MAG, Averbeck BB, Khaliq ZM. Synaptic-like axo-axonal transmission from striatal cholinergic interneurons onto dopaminergic fibers. Neuron 2022; 110:2949-2960.e4. [PMID: 35931070 PMCID: PMC9509469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Transmission from striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) controls dopamine release through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on dopaminergic axons. Anatomical studies suggest that cholinergic terminals signal predominantly through non-synaptic volume transmission. However, the influence of cholinergic transmission on electrical signaling in axons remains unclear. We examined axo-axonal transmission from CINs onto dopaminergic axons using perforated-patch recordings, which revealed rapid spontaneous EPSPs with properties characteristic of fast synapses. Pharmacology showed that axonal EPSPs (axEPSPs) were mediated primarily by high-affinity α6-containing receptors. Remarkably, axEPSPs triggered spontaneous action potentials, suggesting that these axons perform integration to convert synaptic input into spiking, a function associated with somatodendritic compartments. We investigated the cross-species validity of cholinergic axo-axonal transmission by recording dopaminergic axons in macaque putamen and found similar axEPSPs. Thus, we reveal that synaptic-like neurotransmission underlies cholinergic signaling onto dopaminergic axons, supporting the idea that striatal dopamine release can occur independently of somatic firing to provide distinct signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Kramer
- Cellular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samuel G Brill-Weil
- Cellular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alex C Cummins
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Renshu Zhang
- Cellular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gisela A Camacho-Hernandez
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amy H Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark A G Eldridge
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bruno B Averbeck
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zayd M Khaliq
- Cellular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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18
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Oz O, Matityahu L, Mizrahi-Kliger A, Kaplan A, Berkowitz N, Tiroshi L, Bergman H, Goldberg JA. Non-uniform distribution of dendritic nonlinearities differentially engages thalamostriatal and corticostriatal inputs onto cholinergic interneurons. eLife 2022; 11:76039. [PMID: 35815934 PMCID: PMC9302969 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tonic activity of striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) is modified differentially by their afferent inputs. Although their unitary synaptic currents are identical, in most CINs cortical inputs onto distal dendrites only weakly entrain them, whereas proximal thalamic inputs trigger abrupt pauses in discharge in response to salient external stimuli. To test whether the dendritic expression of the active conductances that drive autonomous discharge contribute to the CINs’ capacity to dissociate cortical from thalamic inputs, we used an optogenetics-based method to quantify dendritic excitability in mouse CINs. We found that the persistent sodium (NaP) current gave rise to dendritic boosting, and that the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) current gave rise to a subhertz membrane resonance. This resonance may underlie our novel finding of an association between CIN pauses and internally-generated slow wave events in sleeping non-human primates. Moreover, our method indicated that dendritic NaP and HCN currents were preferentially expressed in proximal dendrites. We validated the non-uniform distribution of NaP currents: pharmacologically; with two-photon imaging of dendritic back-propagating action potentials; and by demonstrating boosting of thalamic, but not cortical, inputs by NaP currents. Thus, the localization of active dendritic conductances in CIN dendrites mirrors the spatial distribution of afferent terminals and may promote their differential responses to thalamic vs. cortical inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Oz
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Matityahu
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviv Mizrahi-Kliger
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Kaplan
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Berkowitz
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Tiroshi
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joshua A Goldberg
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Baimel C, Jang E, Scudder SL, Manoocheri K, Carter AG. Hippocampal-evoked inhibition of cholinergic interneurons in the nucleus accumbens. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111042. [PMID: 35793623 PMCID: PMC9302453 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) play a central role in motivated behaviors and associated disorders. However, while the activation of ChIs has been well studied in the dorsal striatum, little is known about how they are engaged in the NAc. Here, we find that the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) are the main excitatory inputs to ChIs in the NAc medial shell. While the PVT activates ChIs, the vHPC evokes a pronounced pause in firing through prominent feedforward inhibition. In contrast to the dorsal striatum, this inhibition reflects strong connections onto ChIs from local parvalbumin interneurons. Our results reveal the mechanisms by which different long-range inputs engage ChIs, highlighting fundamental differences in local connectivity across the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Baimel
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Emily Jang
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Samantha L Scudder
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Kasra Manoocheri
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Adam G Carter
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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20
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Codol O, Gribble PL, Gurney KN. Differential Dopamine Receptor-Dependent Sensitivity Improves the Switch Between Hard and Soft Selection in a Model of the Basal Ganglia. Neural Comput 2022; 34:1588-1615. [PMID: 35671472 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The problem of selecting one action from a set of different possible actions, simply referred to as the problem of action selection, is a ubiquitous challenge in the animal world. For vertebrates, the basal ganglia (BG) are widely thought to implement the core computation to solve this problem, as its anatomy and physiology are well suited to this end. However, the BG still display physiological features whose role in achieving efficient action selection remains unclear. In particular, it is known that the two types of dopaminergic receptors (D1 and D2) present in the BG give rise to mechanistically different responses. The overall effect will be a difference in sensitivity to dopamine, which may have ramifications for action selection. However, which receptor type leads to a stronger response is unclear due to the complexity of the intracellular mechanisms involved. In this study, we use an existing, high-level computational model of the BG, which assumes that dopamine contributes to action selection by enabling a switch between different selection regimes, to predict which of D1 or D2 has the greater sensitivity. Thus, we ask, Assuming dopamine enables a switch between action selection regimes in the BG, what functional sensitivity values would result in improved action selection computation? To do this, we quantitatively assessed the model's capacity to perform action selection as we parametrically manipulated the sensitivity weights of D1 and D2. We show that differential (rather than equal) D1 and D2 sensitivity to dopaminergic input improves the switch between selection regimes during the action selection computation in our model. Specifically, greater D2 sensitivity compared to D1 led to these improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Codol
- Department of Psychology and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Paul L Gribble
- Department of Psychology and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT 06511, U.S.A.
| | - Kevin N Gurney
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K.
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21
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Fleming W, Lee J, Briones BA, Bolkan SS, Witten IB. Cholinergic interneurons mediate cocaine extinction in male mice through plasticity across medium spiny neuron subtypes. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110874. [PMID: 35649378 PMCID: PMC9196889 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons (ChINs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been implicated in the extinction of drug associations, as well as related plasticity in medium spiny neurons (MSNs). However, since most previous work relied on artificial manipulations, whether endogenous acetylcholine signaling relates to drug associations is unclear. Moreover, despite great interest in the opposing effects of dopamine on MSN subtypes, whether ChIN-mediated effects vary by MSN subtype is also unclear. Here, we find that high endogenous acetylcholine event frequency correlates with greater extinction of cocaine-context associations across male mice. Additionally, extinction is associated with a weakening of glutamatergic synapses across MSN subtypes. Manipulating ChIN activity bidirectionally controls both the rate of extinction and the associated plasticity at MSNs. Our findings indicate that NAc ChINs mediate drug-context extinction by reducing glutamatergic synaptic strength across MSN subtypes, and that natural variation in acetylcholine signaling may contribute to individual differences in extinction. Fleming et al. show that individual differences in nucleus accumbens (NAc) acetylcholine signaling correlate with extinction of a cocaine-context association. Manipulations of NAc cholinergic interneuron activity support a model where acetylcholine release weakens glutamatergic presynaptic strength at NAc D1R and D2R medium spiny neurons, promoting cocaine-context extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston Fleming
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Junuk Lee
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Brandy A Briones
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Scott S Bolkan
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ilana B Witten
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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22
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Wilson L, Lee CA, Mason CF, Khodjaniyazova S, Flores KB, Muddiman DC, Sombers LA. Simultaneous Measurement of Striatal Dopamine and Hydrogen Peroxide Transients Associated with L-DOPA Induced Rotation in Hemiparkinsonian Rats. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:120-131. [PMID: 36785724 PMCID: PMC9838821 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder commonly treated with levodopa (L-DOPA), which eventually induces abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). The neurochemical contributors to these dyskinesias are unknown; however, several lines of evidence indicate an interplay of dopamine (DA) and oxidative stress. Here, DA and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were simultaneously monitored at discrete recording sites in the dorsal striata of hemiparkinsonian rats using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Mass spectrometry imaging validated the lesions. Hemiparkinsonian rats exhibited classic L-DOPA-induced AIMs and rotations as well as increased DA and H2O2 tone over saline controls after 1 week of treatment. By week 3, DA tone remained elevated beyond that of controls, but H2O2 tone was largely normalized. At this time point, rapid chemical transients were time-locked with spontaneous bouts of rotation. Striatal H2O2 rapidly increased with the initiation of contraversive rotational behaviors in lesioned L-DOPA animals, in both hemispheres. DA signals simultaneously decreased with rotation onset. The results support a role for these striatal neuromodulators in the adaptive changes that occur with L-DOPA treatment in PD and reveal a precise interplay between DA and H2O2 in the initiation of involuntary locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie
R. Wilson
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Christie A. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Catherine F. Mason
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Sitora Khodjaniyazova
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kevin B. Flores
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - David C. Muddiman
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A. Sombers
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Mathematics, Molecular Education, Technology,
and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), Center for Research in Scientific
Computation, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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23
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Zhang Q, Turner KL, Gheres KW, Hossain MS, Drew PJ. Behavioral and physiological monitoring for awake neurovascular coupling experiments: a how-to guide. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:021905. [PMID: 35639834 PMCID: PMC8802326 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.021905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Functional brain imaging in awake animal models is a popular and powerful technique that allows the investigation of neurovascular coupling (NVC) under physiological conditions. However, ubiquitous facial and body motions (fidgeting) are prime drivers of spontaneous fluctuations in neural and hemodynamic signals. During periods without movement, animals can rapidly transition into sleep, and the hemodynamic signals tied to arousal state changes can be several times larger than sensory-evoked responses. Given the outsized influence of facial and body motions and arousal signals in neural and hemodynamic signals, it is imperative to detect and monitor these events in experiments with un-anesthetized animals. Aim: To cover the importance of monitoring behavioral state in imaging experiments using un-anesthetized rodents, and describe how to incorporate detailed behavioral and physiological measurements in imaging experiments. Approach: We review the effects of movements and sleep-related signals (heart rate, respiration rate, electromyography, intracranial pressure, whisking, and other body movements) on brain hemodynamics and electrophysiological signals, with a focus on head-fixed experimental setup. We summarize the measurement methods currently used in animal models for detection of those behaviors and arousal changes. We then provide a guide on how to incorporate this measurements with functional brain imaging and electrophysiology measurements. Results: We provide a how-to guide on monitoring and interpreting a variety of physiological signals and their applications to NVC experiments in awake behaving mice. Conclusion: This guide facilitates the application of neuroimaging in awake animal models and provides neuroscientists with a standard approach for monitoring behavior and other associated physiological parameters in head-fixed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguang Zhang
- The Pennsylvania State University, Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kevin L. Turner
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kyle W. Gheres
- The Pennsylvania State University, Graduate Program in Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biosciences, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Md Shakhawat Hossain
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Patrick J. Drew
- The Pennsylvania State University, Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Neurosurgery, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
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24
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Liu C, Cai X, Ritzau-Jost A, Kramer PF, Li Y, Khaliq ZM, Hallermann S, Kaeser PS. An action potential initiation mechanism in distal axons for the control of dopamine release. Science 2022; 375:1378-1385. [PMID: 35324301 PMCID: PMC9081985 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Information flow in neurons proceeds by integrating inputs in dendrites, generating action potentials near the soma, and releasing neurotransmitters from nerve terminals in the axon. We found that in the striatum, acetylcholine-releasing neurons induce action potential firing in distal dopamine axons. Spontaneous activity of cholinergic neurons produced dopamine release that extended beyond acetylcholine-signaling domains, and traveling action potentials were readily recorded from dopamine axons in response to cholinergic activation. In freely moving mice, dopamine and acetylcholine covaried with movement direction. Local inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors impaired dopamine dynamics and affected movement. Our findings uncover an endogenous mechanism for action potential initiation independent of somatodendritic integration and establish that this mechanism segregates the control of dopamine signaling between axons and somata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, United States
| | - Xintong Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, United States
| | - Andreas Ritzau-Jost
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University; Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul F. Kramer
- Cellular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, United States
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences; Beijing, China
| | - Zayd M. Khaliq
- Cellular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, United States
| | - Stefan Hallermann
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University; Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pascal S. Kaeser
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, United States
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25
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Reynolds JNJ, Avvisati R, Dodson PD, Fisher SD, Oswald MJ, Wickens JR, Zhang YF. Coincidence of cholinergic pauses, dopaminergic activation and depolarisation of spiny projection neurons drives synaptic plasticity in the striatum. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1296. [PMID: 35277506 PMCID: PMC8917208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28950-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine-dependent long-term plasticity is believed to be a cellular mechanism underlying reinforcement learning. In response to reward and reward-predicting cues, phasic dopamine activity potentiates the efficacy of corticostriatal synapses on spiny projection neurons (SPNs). Since phasic dopamine activity also encodes other behavioural variables, it is unclear how postsynaptic neurons identify which dopamine event is to induce long-term plasticity. Additionally, it is unknown how phasic dopamine released from arborised axons can potentiate targeted striatal synapses through volume transmission. To examine these questions we manipulated striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) and dopamine neurons independently in two distinct in vivo paradigms. We report that long-term potentiation (LTP) at corticostriatal synapses with SPNs is dependent on the coincidence of pauses in ChIs and phasic dopamine activation, critically accompanied by SPN depolarisation. Thus, the ChI pause defines the time window for phasic dopamine to induce plasticity, while depolarisation of SPNs constrains the synapses eligible for plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N J Reynolds
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Riccardo Avvisati
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Paul D Dodson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Simon D Fisher
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Manfred J Oswald
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jeffery R Wickens
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, 904-2234, Japan
| | - Yan-Feng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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26
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Khalighinejad N, Manohar S, Husain M, Rushworth MFS. Complementary roles of serotonergic and cholinergic systems in decisions about when to act. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1150-1162.e7. [PMID: 35150603 PMCID: PMC8926843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Decision-making not only involves deciding about which action to choose but when and whether to initiate an action in the first place. Macaque monkeys tracked number of dots on a screen and could choose when to make a response. The longer the animals waited before responding, the more dots appeared on the screen and the higher the probability of reward. Monkeys waited longer before making a response when a trial’s value was less than the environment’s average value. Recordings of brain activity with fMRI revealed that activity in dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN)—a key source of serotonin (5-HT)—tracked average value of the environment. By contrast, activity in the basal forebrain (BF)—an important source of acetylcholine (ACh)—was related to decision time to act as a function of immediate and recent past context. Interactions between DRN and BF and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), another region with action initiation-related activity, occurred as a function of the decision time to act. Next, we performed two psychopharmacological studies. Manipulating systemic 5-HT by citalopram prolonged the time macaques waited to respond for a given opportunity. This effect was more evident during blocks with long inter-trial intervals (ITIs) where good opportunities were sparse. Manipulating systemic acetylcholine (ACh) by rivastigmine reduced the time macaques waited to respond given the immediate and recent past context, a pattern opposite to the effect observed with 5-HT. These findings suggest complementary roles for serotonin/DRN and acetylcholine/BF in decisions about when to initiate an action. Both immediate context and wider environment influence decisions about when to act DRN and 5-HT mediate the influence of wider environment BF and ACh mediate the influence of immediate context
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Khalighinejad
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sanjay Manohar
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Masud Husain
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew F S Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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27
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Iglesias González AB, Jakobsson JET, Vieillard J, Lagerström MC, Kullander K, Boije H. Single Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Spinal Dmrt3 Neurons in Zebrafish and Mouse Identifies Distinct Subtypes and Reveal Novel Subpopulations Within the dI6 Domain. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:781197. [PMID: 35002627 PMCID: PMC8733252 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.781197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The spinal locomotor network is frequently used for studies into how neuronal circuits are formed and how cellular activity shape behavioral patterns. A population of dI6 interneurons, marked by the Doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (Dmrt3), has been shown to participate in the coordination of locomotion and gaits in horses, mice and zebrafish. Analyses of Dmrt3 neurons based on morphology, functionality and the expression of transcription factors have identified different subtypes. Here we analyzed the transcriptomes of individual cells belonging to the Dmrt3 lineage from zebrafish and mice to unravel the molecular code that underlies their subfunctionalization. Indeed, clustering of Dmrt3 neurons based on their gene expression verified known subtypes and revealed novel populations expressing unique markers. Differences in birth order, differential expression of axon guidance genes, neurotransmitters, and their receptors, as well as genes affecting electrophysiological properties, were identified as factors likely underlying diversity. In addition, the comparison between fish and mice populations offers insights into the evolutionary driven subspecialization concomitant with the emergence of limbed locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Henrik Boije
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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Frost Nylen J, Hjorth JJJ, Grillner S, Hellgren Kotaleski J. Dopaminergic and Cholinergic Modulation of Large Scale Networks in silico Using Snudda. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:748989. [PMID: 34744638 PMCID: PMC8568057 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.748989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation is present throughout the nervous system and serves a critical role for circuit function and dynamics. The computational investigations of neuromodulation in large scale networks require supportive software platforms. Snudda is a software for the creation and simulation of large scale networks of detailed microcircuits consisting of multicompartmental neuron models. We have developed an extension to Snudda to incorporate neuromodulation in large scale simulations. The extended Snudda framework implements neuromodulation at the level of single cells incorporated into large-scale microcircuits. We also developed Neuromodcell, a software for optimizing neuromodulation in detailed multicompartmental neuron models. The software adds parameters within the models modulating the conductances of ion channels and ionotropic receptors. Bath application of neuromodulators is simulated and models which reproduce the experimentally measured effects are selected. In Snudda, we developed an extension to accommodate large scale simulations of neuromodulation. The simulator has two modes of simulation – denoted replay and adaptive. In the replay mode, transient levels of neuromodulators can be defined as a time-varying function which modulates the receptors and ion channels within the network in a cell-type specific manner. In the adaptive mode, spiking neuromodulatory neurons are connected via integrative modulating mechanisms to ion channels and receptors. Both modes of simulating neuromodulation allow for simultaneous modulation by several neuromodulators that can interact dynamically with each other. Here, we used the Neuromodcell software to simulate dopaminergic and muscarinic modulation of neurons from the striatum. We also demonstrate how to simulate different neuromodulatory states with dopamine and acetylcholine using Snudda. All software is freely available on Github, including tutorials on Neuromodcell and Snudda-neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarl Jacob Johannes Hjorth
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Grillner
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Sippy T, Chaimowitz C, Crochet S, Petersen CCH. Cell Type-Specific Membrane Potential Changes in Dorsolateral Striatum Accompanying Reward-Based Sensorimotor Learning. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab049. [PMID: 35330797 PMCID: PMC8788857 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The striatum integrates sensorimotor and motivational signals, likely playing a key role in reward-based learning of goal-directed behavior. However, cell type-specific mechanisms underlying reinforcement learning remain to be precisely determined. Here, we investigated changes in membrane potential dynamics of dorsolateral striatal neurons comparing naïve mice and expert mice trained to lick a reward spout in response to whisker deflection. We recorded from three distinct cell types: (i) direct pathway striatonigral neurons, which express type 1 dopamine receptors; (ii) indirect pathway striatopallidal neurons, which express type 2 dopamine receptors; and (iii) tonically active, putative cholinergic, striatal neurons. Task learning was accompanied by cell type-specific changes in the membrane potential dynamics evoked by the whisker deflection and licking in successfully-performed trials. Both striatonigral and striatopallidal types of striatal projection neurons showed enhanced task-related depolarization across learning. Striatonigral neurons showed a prominent increase in a short latency sensory-evoked depolarization in expert compared to naïve mice. In contrast, the putative cholinergic striatal neurons developed a hyperpolarizing response across learning, driving a pause in their firing. Our results reveal cell type-specific changes in striatal membrane potential dynamics across the learning of a simple goal-directed sensorimotor transformation, helpful for furthering the understanding of the various potential roles of different basal ganglia circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corryn Chaimowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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30
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Fleming W, Jewell S, Engelhard B, Witten DM, Witten IB. Inferring spikes from calcium imaging in dopamine neurons. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252345. [PMID: 34086726 PMCID: PMC8177503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium imaging has led to discoveries about neural correlates of behavior in subcortical neurons, including dopamine (DA) neurons. However, spike inference methods have not been tested in most populations of subcortical neurons. To address this gap, we simultaneously performed calcium imaging and electrophysiology in DA neurons in brain slices and applied a recently developed spike inference algorithm to the GCaMP fluorescence. This revealed that individual spikes can be inferred accurately in this population. Next, we inferred spikes in vivo from calcium imaging from these neurons during Pavlovian conditioning, as well as during navigation in virtual reality. In both cases, we quantitatively recapitulated previous in vivo electrophysiological observations. Our work provides a validated approach to infer spikes from calcium imaging in DA neurons and implies that aspects of both tonic and phasic spike patterns can be recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston Fleming
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sean Jewell
- Department of Statistics & Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ben Engelhard
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Daniela M. Witten
- Department of Statistics & Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ilana B. Witten
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
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31
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Maltese M, March JR, Bashaw AG, Tritsch NX. Dopamine differentially modulates the size of projection neuron ensembles in the intact and dopamine-depleted striatum. eLife 2021; 10:e68041. [PMID: 33983121 PMCID: PMC8163504 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a critical modulator of brain circuits that control voluntary movements, but our understanding of its influence on the activity of target neurons in vivo remains limited. Here, we use two-photon Ca2+ imaging to monitor the activity of direct and indirect-pathway spiny projection neurons (SPNs) simultaneously in the striatum of behaving mice during acute and prolonged manipulations of DA signaling. We find that increasing and decreasing DA biases striatal activity toward the direct and indirect pathways, respectively, by changing the overall number of SPNs recruited during behavior in a manner not predicted by existing models of DA function. This modulation is drastically altered in a model of Parkinson's disease. Our results reveal a previously unappreciated population-level influence of DA on striatal output and provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maltese
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone HealthNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jeffrey R March
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone HealthNew YorkUnited States
| | - Alexander G Bashaw
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone HealthNew YorkUnited States
| | - Nicolas X Tritsch
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
- Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone HealthNew YorkUnited States
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32
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Poppi LA, Ho-Nguyen KT, Shi A, Daut CT, Tischfield MA. Recurrent Implication of Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons in a Range of Neurodevelopmental, Neurodegenerative, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:907. [PMID: 33920757 PMCID: PMC8071147 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons are "gatekeepers" for striatal circuitry and play pivotal roles in attention, goal-directed actions, habit formation, and behavioral flexibility. Accordingly, perturbations to striatal cholinergic interneurons have been associated with many neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The role of acetylcholine in many of these disorders is well known, but the use of drugs targeting cholinergic systems fell out of favor due to adverse side effects and the introduction of other broadly acting compounds. However, in response to recent findings, re-examining the mechanisms of cholinergic interneuron dysfunction may reveal key insights into underlying pathogeneses. Here, we provide an update on striatal cholinergic interneuron function, connectivity, and their putative involvement in several disorders. In doing so, we aim to spotlight recurring physiological themes, circuits, and mechanisms that can be investigated in future studies using new tools and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Poppi
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Tourette International Collaborative (TIC) Genetics Study, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Khue Tu Ho-Nguyen
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anna Shi
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cynthia T. Daut
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Max A. Tischfield
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (K.T.H.-N.); (A.S.); (C.T.D.)
- Tourette International Collaborative (TIC) Genetics Study, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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33
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Assous M. Striatal cholinergic transmission. Focus on nicotinic receptors' influence in striatal circuits. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:2421-2442. [PMID: 33529401 PMCID: PMC8161166 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The critical role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the basal ganglia is evident from the effect of cholinergic agents in patients suffering from several related neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Tourette syndrome, or dystonia. The striatum possesses the highest density of ACh markers in the basal ganglia underlying the importance of ACh in this structure. Striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) are responsible for the bulk of striatal ACh, although extrinsic cholinergic afferents from brainstem structures may also play a role. CINs are tonically active, and synchronized pause in their activity occurs following the presentation of salient stimuli during behavioral conditioning. However, the synaptic mechanisms involved are not fully understood in this physiological response. ACh modulates striatal circuits by acting on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors existing in several combinations both presynaptically and postsynaptically. While the effects of ACh in the striatum through muscarinic receptors have received particular attention, nicotinic receptors function has been less studied. Here, after briefly reviewing relevant results regarding muscarinic receptors expression and function, I will focus on striatal nicotinic receptor expressed presynaptically on glutamatergic and dopaminergic afferents and postsynaptically on diverse striatal interneurons populations. I will also review recent evidence suggesting the involvement of different GABAergic sources in two distinct nicotinic-receptor-mediated striatal circuits: the disynaptic inhibition of striatal projection neurons and the recurrent inhibition among CINs. A better understanding of striatal nicotinic receptors expression and function may help to develop targeted pharmacological interventions to treat brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Tourette syndrome, dystonia, or nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Assous
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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Sarter M, Avila C, Kucinski A, Donovan E. Make a Left Turn: Cortico-Striatal Circuitry Mediating the Attentional Control of Complex Movements. Mov Disord 2021; 36:535-546. [PMID: 33615556 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), cholinergic signaling is disrupted by the loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, as well as aberrant activity in striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs). Several lines of evidence suggest that gait imbalance, a key disabling symptom of PD, may be driven by alterations in high-level frontal cortical and cortico-striatal processing more typically associated with cognitive dysfunction. METHODS Here we describe the corticostriatal circuitry that mediates the cognitive-motor interactions underlying such complex movement control. The ability to navigate dynamic, obstacle-rich environments requires the continuous integration of information about the environment with movement selection and sequencing. The cortical-attentional processing of extero- and interoceptive cues requires modulation by cholinergic activity to guide striatal movement control. Cue-derived information is "transferred" to striatal circuitry primarily via fronto-striatal glutamatergic projections. RESULT Evidence from parkinsonian fallers and from a rodent model reproducing the dual cholinergic-dopaminergic losses observed in these patients supports the main hypotheses derived from this neuronal circuitry-guided conceptualization of parkinsonian falls. Furthermore, in the striatum, ChIs constitute a particularly critical node for the integration of cortical with midbrain dopaminergic afferents and thus for cues to control movements. CONCLUSION Procholinergic treatments that enhance or rescue cortical and striatal mechanisms may improve complex movement control in parkinsonian fallers and perhaps also in older persons suffering from gait disorders and a propensity for falls. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sarter
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cassandra Avila
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Aaron Kucinski
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eryn Donovan
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Sabatini BL, Tian L. Imaging Neurotransmitter and Neuromodulator Dynamics In Vivo with Genetically Encoded Indicators. Neuron 2020; 108:17-32. [PMID: 33058762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The actions of neuromodulation are thought to mediate the ability of the mammalian brain to dynamically adjust its functional state in response to changes in the environment. Altered neurotransmitter (NT) and neuromodulator (NM) signaling is central to the pathogenesis or treatment of many human neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, depression, and addiction. To reveal the precise mechanisms by which these neurochemicals regulate healthy and diseased neural circuitry, one needs to measure their spatiotemporal dynamics in the living brain with great precision. Here, we discuss recent development, optimization, and applications of optical approaches to measure the spatial and temporal profiles of NT and NM release in the brain using genetically encoded sensors for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Sabatini
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lin Tian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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36
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Labouesse MA, Cola RB, Patriarchi T. GPCR-Based Dopamine Sensors-A Detailed Guide to Inform Sensor Choice for In vivo Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8048. [PMID: 33126757 PMCID: PMC7672611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how dopamine (DA) encodes behavior depends on technologies that can reliably monitor DA release in freely-behaving animals. Recently, red and green genetically encoded sensors for DA (dLight, GRAB-DA) were developed and now provide the ability to track release dynamics at a subsecond resolution, with submicromolar affinity and high molecular specificity. Combined with rapid developments in in vivo imaging, these sensors have the potential to transform the field of DA sensing and DA-based drug discovery. When implementing these tools in the laboratory, it is important to consider there is not a 'one-size-fits-all' sensor. Sensor properties, most importantly their affinity and dynamic range, must be carefully chosen to match local DA levels. Molecular specificity, sensor kinetics, spectral properties, brightness, sensor scaffold and pharmacology can further influence sensor choice depending on the experimental question. In this review, we use DA as an example; we briefly summarize old and new techniques to monitor DA release, including DA biosensors. We then outline a map of DA heterogeneity across the brain and provide a guide for optimal sensor choice and implementation based on local DA levels and other experimental parameters. Altogether this review should act as a tool to guide DA sensor choice for end-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A. Labouesse
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Reto B. Cola
- Anatomy and Program in Neuroscience, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Xiao X, Deng H, Furlan A, Yang T, Zhang X, Hwang GR, Tucciarone J, Wu P, He M, Palaniswamy R, Ramakrishnan C, Ritola K, Hantman A, Deisseroth K, Osten P, Huang ZJ, Li B. A Genetically Defined Compartmentalized Striatal Direct Pathway for Negative Reinforcement. Cell 2020; 183:211-227.e20. [PMID: 32937106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The striosome compartment within the dorsal striatum has been implicated in reinforcement learning and regulation of motivation, but how striosomal neurons contribute to these functions remains elusive. Here, we show that a genetically identified striosomal population, which expresses the Teashirt family zinc finger 1 (Tshz1) and belongs to the direct pathway, drives negative reinforcement and is essential for aversive learning in mice. Contrasting a "conventional" striosomal direct pathway, the Tshz1 neurons cause aversion, movement suppression, and negative reinforcement once activated, and they receive a distinct set of synaptic inputs. These neurons are predominantly excited by punishment rather than reward and represent the anticipation of punishment or the motivation for avoidance. Furthermore, inhibiting these neurons impairs punishment-based learning without affecting reward learning or movement. These results establish a major role of striosomal neurons in behaviors reinforced by punishment and moreover uncover functions of the direct pathway unaccounted for in classic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Xiao
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Hanfei Deng
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Tao Yang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Ga-Ram Hwang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Jason Tucciarone
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Priscilla Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Miao He
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Charu Ramakrishnan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Adam Hantman
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pavel Osten
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Z Josh Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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Lindroos R, Hellgren Kotaleski J. Predicting complex spikes in striatal projection neurons of the direct pathway following neuromodulation by acetylcholine and dopamine. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2117-2134. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lindroos
- Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jeanette Hellgren Kotaleski
- Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory Department of Computational Science and Technology The Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
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39
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Castela I, Hernandez LF. Shedding light on dyskinesias. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:2398-2413. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Castela
- HM‐CINAC Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales Madrid Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
| | - Ledia F. Hernandez
- HM‐CINAC Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales Madrid Spain
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Carlos III Health Institute Madrid Spain
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40
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Collins AL, Saunders BT. Heterogeneity in striatal dopamine circuits: Form and function in dynamic reward seeking. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1046-1069. [PMID: 32056298 PMCID: PMC7183907 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The striatal dopamine system has long been studied in the context of reward learning, motivation, and movement. Given the prominent role dopamine plays in a variety of adaptive behavioral states, as well as diseases like addiction, it is essential to understand the full complexity of dopamine neurons and the striatal systems they target. A growing number of studies are uncovering details of the heterogeneity in dopamine neuron subpopulations. Here, we review that work to synthesize current understanding of dopamine system heterogeneity across three levels, anatomical organization, functions in behavior, and modes of action, wherein we focus on signaling profiles and local mechanisms for modulation of dopamine release. Together, these studies reveal new and emerging dimensions of the striatal dopamine system, informing its contribution to dynamic motivational and decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Collins
- University of Minnesota, Department of Neuroscience, Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Benjamin T. Saunders
- University of Minnesota, Department of Neuroscience, Medical Discovery Team on Addiction, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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41
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Human decisions about when to act originate within a basal forebrain-nigral circuit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11799-11810. [PMID: 32385157 PMCID: PMC7260969 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921211117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision-making studies often focus on brain mechanisms for selecting between goals and actions; however, another important, and often neglected, aspect of decision-making in humans concerns whether, at any given point in time, it is worth making any action at all. We showed that a considerable portion of the variance in when voluntary actions are emitted can be explained by a simple model that that takes into account key features of the current environment. By using ultrahigh-field MRI we identified a multilayered circuit in the human brain originating far beyond the medial frontal areas typically linked to human voluntary action starting in the basal forebrain and brain stem, converging in the dopaminergic midbrain, and only then projecting to striatum and cortex. Decisions about when to act are critical for survival in humans as in animals, but how a desire is translated into the decision that an action is worth taking at any particular point in time is incompletely understood. Here we show that a simple model developed to explain when animals decide it is worth taking an action also explains a significant portion of the variance in timing observed when humans take voluntary actions. The model focuses on the current environment’s potential for reward, the timing of the individual’s own recent actions, and the outcomes of those actions. We show, by using ultrahigh-field MRI scanning, that in addition to anterior cingulate cortex within medial frontal cortex, a group of subcortical structures including striatum, substantia nigra, basal forebrain (BF), pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), and habenula (HB) encode trial-by-trial variation in action time. Further analysis of the activity patterns found in each area together with psychophysiological interaction analysis and structural equation modeling suggested a model in which BF integrates contextual information that will influence the decision about when to act and communicates this information, in parallel with PPN and HB influences, to nigrostriatal circuits. It is then in the nigrostriatal circuit that action initiation per se begins.
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42
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Targeting the cholinergic system in Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:453-463. [PMID: 32132659 PMCID: PMC7468250 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor control in the striatum is an orchestra played by various neuronal populations. Loss of harmony due to dopamine deficiency is considered the primary pathological cause of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent progress in experimental approaches has enabled us to examine the striatal circuitry in a much more comprehensive manner, not only reshaping our understanding of striatal functions in movement regulation but also leading to new opportunities for the development of therapeutic strategies for treating PD. In addition to dopaminergic innervation, giant aspiny cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) within the striatum have long been recognized as a critical node for balancing dopamine signaling and regulating movement. With the roles of ChIs in motor control further uncovered and more specific manipulations available, striatal ChIs and their corresponding receptors are emerging as new promising therapeutic targets for PD. This review summarizes recent progress in functional studies of striatal circuitry and discusses the translational implications of these new findings for the treatment of PD.
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43
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Coddington LT, Dudman JT. Learning from Action: Reconsidering Movement Signaling in Midbrain Dopamine Neuron Activity. Neuron 2020; 104:63-77. [PMID: 31600516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Animals infer when and where a reward is available from experience with informative sensory stimuli and their own actions. In vertebrates, this is thought to depend upon the release of dopamine from midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Studies of the role of dopamine have focused almost exclusively on their encoding of informative sensory stimuli; however, many dopaminergic neurons are active just prior to movement initiation, even in the absence of sensory stimuli. How should current frameworks for understanding the role of dopamine incorporate these observations? To address this question, we review recent anatomical and functional evidence for action-related dopamine signaling. We conclude by proposing a framework in which dopaminergic neurons encode subjective signals of action initiation to solve an internal credit assignment problem.
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44
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Kaufman AM, Geiller T, Losonczy A. A Role for the Locus Coeruleus in Hippocampal CA1 Place Cell Reorganization during Spatial Reward Learning. Neuron 2020; 105:1018-1026.e4. [PMID: 31980319 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During spatial learning, hippocampal (HPC) place maps reorganize to represent new goal locations, but little is known about the circuit mechanisms facilitating these changes. Here, we examined how neuromodulation via locus coeruleus (LC) projections to HPC area CA1 (LC-CA1) regulates the overrepresentation of CA1 place cells near rewarded locations. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we monitored the activity of LC-CA1 fibers in the mouse dorsal HPC. We find that the LC-CA1 projection signals the translocation of a reward, predicting behavioral performance on a goal-oriented spatial learning task. An optogenetic stimulation mimicking this LC-CA1 activity induces place cell reorganization around a familiar reward, while its inhibition decreases the degree of overrepresentation around a translocated reward. Our results show that LC acts in conjunction with other factors to induce goal-directed reorganization of HPC representations and provide a better understanding of the role of neuromodulatory actions on HPC place map plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mansell Kaufman
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Tristan Geiller
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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45
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Mallet N, Leblois A, Maurice N, Beurrier C. Striatal Cholinergic Interneurons: How to Elucidate Their Function in Health and Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1488. [PMID: 31920670 PMCID: PMC6923719 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) are the main source of acetylcholine in the striatum and are believed to play an important role in basal ganglia physiology and pathophysiology. The role of CINs in striatal function is known mostly from extracellular recordings of tonically active striatal neurons in monkeys, which are believed to correspond to CINs. Because these neurons transiently respond to motivationally cues with brief pauses, flanked by bursts of increased activity, they are classically viewed as key players in reward-related learning. However, CIN modulatory function within the striatal network has been mainly inferred from the action of acetylcholine agonists/antagonists or through CIN activation. These manipulations are far from recapitulating CIN activity in response to behaviorally-relevant stimuli. New technical tools such as optogenetics allow researchers to specifically manipulate this sparse neuronal population and to mimic their typical pause response. For example, it is now possible to investigate how short inhibition of CIN activity shapes striatal properties. Here, we review the most recent literature and show how these new techniques have brought considerable insights into the functional role of CINs in normal and pathological states, raising several interesting and novel questions. To continue moving forward, it is crucial to determine in detail CIN activity changes during behavior, particularly in rodents. We will also discuss how computational approaches combined with optogenetics will contribute to further our understanding of the CIN role in striatal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mallet
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Arthur Leblois
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
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46
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Khalighinejad N, Bongioanni A, Verhagen L, Folloni D, Attali D, Aubry JF, Sallet J, Rushworth MFS. A Basal Forebrain-Cingulate Circuit in Macaques Decides It Is Time to Act. Neuron 2019; 105:370-384.e8. [PMID: 31813653 PMCID: PMC6975166 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The medial frontal cortex has been linked to voluntary action, but an explanation of why decisions to act emerge at particular points in time has been lacking. We show that, in macaques, decisions about whether and when to act are predicted by a set of features defining the animal’s current and past context; for example, respectively, cues indicating the current average rate of reward and recent previous voluntary action decisions. We show that activity in two brain areas—the anterior cingulate cortex and basal forebrain—tracks these contextual factors and mediates their effects on behavior in distinct ways. We use focused transcranial ultrasound to selectively and effectively stimulate deep in the brain, even as deep as the basal forebrain, and demonstrate that alteration of activity in the two areas changes decisions about when to act. Likelihood and timing of voluntary action in macaques can be partially predicted Recent experience and present context influence when voluntary action occurs A basal forebrain-cingulate circuit mediated effects of these factors on behavior Stimulation of this circuit by ultrasound changed decisions about when to act
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Khalighinejad
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK.
| | - Alessandro Bongioanni
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Lennart Verhagen
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6525 XZ, the Netherlands
| | - Davide Folloni
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - David Attali
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS FRE 2031, PSL Research University, Paris 75012, France; Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders Laboratory, Inserm U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Paris Descartes University, Paris University, Paris 75014, France; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Sainte-Anne Hospital, UGH Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris 75014, France
| | - Jean-Francois Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, INSERM U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS FRE 2031, PSL Research University, Paris 75012, France
| | - Jerome Sallet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Matthew F S Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
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47
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Howe M, Ridouh I, Allegra Mascaro AL, Larios A, Azcorra M, Dombeck DA. Coordination of rapid cholinergic and dopaminergic signaling in striatum during spontaneous movement. eLife 2019; 8:e44903. [PMID: 30920369 PMCID: PMC6457892 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interplay between dopaminergic and cholinergic neuromodulation in the striatum is crucial for movement control, with prominent models proposing pro-kinetic and anti-kinetic effects of dopamine and acetylcholine release, respectively. However, the natural, movement-related signals of striatum cholinergic neurons and their relationship to simultaneous variations in dopamine signaling are unknown. Here, functional optical recordings in mice were used to establish rapid cholinergic signals in dorsal striatum during spontaneous movements. Bursts across the cholinergic population occurred at transitions between movement states and were marked by widespread network synchronization which diminished during sustained locomotion. Simultaneous cholinergic and dopaminergic recordings revealed distinct but coordinated sub-second signals, suggesting a new model where cholinergic population synchrony signals rapid changes in movement states while dopamine signals the drive to enact or sustain those states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Howe
- Department of NeurobiologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Imane Ridouh
- Department of NeurobiologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | | | - Alyssa Larios
- Department of NeurobiologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Maite Azcorra
- Department of NeurobiologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
| | - Daniel A Dombeck
- Department of NeurobiologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonUnited States
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