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Salib AMN, Crane MJ, Jamieson AM, Lipscombe D. Peripheral Ca V 2.2 channels in skin regulate prolonged heat hypersensitivity during neuroinflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.13.603149. [PMID: 39071304 PMCID: PMC11275762 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.13.603149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation can lead to chronic maladaptive pain affecting millions of people worldwide. Neurotransmitters, cytokines, and ion channels are implicated in neuro-immune cell signaling but their roles in specific behavioral responses are not fully elucidated. Voltage-gated Ca V 2.2 channel activity in skin controls rapid and transient heat hypersensitivity induced by intradermal capsaicin via IL-1α cytokine signaling. Ca V 2.2 channels are not, however, involved in mechanical hypersensitivity that developed in the same animal model. Here, we show that Ca V 2.2 channels are also critical for heat hypersensitivity induced by the intradermal ( id ) Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) model of chronic neuroinflammation that involves ongoing cytokine signaling for days. Ongoing CFA-induced cytokine signaling cascades in skin lead to pronounced edema, and hypersensitivity to sensory stimuli. Peripheral Ca V 2.2 channel activity in skin is required for the full development and week-long time course of heat hypersensitivity induced by id CFA. Ca V 2.2 channels, by contrast, are not involved in paw edema and mechanical hypersensitivity. CFA induced increases in cytokines in hind paws including IL-6 which was dependent on Ca V 2.2 channel activity. Using IL-6 specific neutralizing antibodies, we show that IL-6 contributes to heat hypersensitivity and, neutralizing both IL-1α and IL-6 was even more effective at reducing the magnitude and duration of CFA-induced heat hypersensitivity. Our findings demonstrate a functional link between Ca V 2.2 channel activity and the release of IL-6 in skin and show that Ca V 2.2 channels have a privileged role in the induction and maintenance of heat hypersensitivity during chronic forms of neuroinflammation in skin. Significance Statement Neuroinflammation can lead to chronic maladaptive pain. Neurotransmitters, ion channels, cytokines, and cytokine receptors are implicated in neuron-immune signaling, but their importance in mediating specific behavioral responses are not fully elucidated. We show that the activity of peripheral Ca V 2.2 calcium ion channels in skin play a unique role in the induction and maintenance of heat hypersensitivity in the CFA model of prolonged neuroinflammation, without accompanying effects on edema and mechanical hypersensitivity. Blocking peripheral Ca V 2.2 channel activity reduces local cytokine levels in hind paws injected with CFA including IL-6 and neutralizing IL-6 reduces CFA- induced heat hypersensitivity. Our studies define key signaling molecules that act locally in skin to trigger and maintain heat hypersensitivity during chronic neuroinflammation.
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Perez-Miller S, Gomez K, Khanna R. Peptide and Peptidomimetic Inhibitors Targeting the Interaction of Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 with the N-Type Calcium Channel for Pain Relief. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1916-1936. [PMID: 39022365 PMCID: PMC11249630 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Ion channels serve pleiotropic functions. Often found in complexes, their activities and functions are sculpted by auxiliary proteins. We discovered that collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) is a binding partner and regulator of the N-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV2.2), a genetically validated contributor to chronic pain. Herein, we trace the discovery of a new peptidomimetic modulator of this interaction, starting from the identification and development of CBD3, a CRMP2-derived CaV binding domain peptide. CBD3 uncouples CRMP2-CaV2.2 binding to decrease CaV2.2 surface localization and calcium currents. These changes occur at presynaptic sites of nociceptive neurons and indeed, CBD3 ameliorates chronic pain in preclinical models. In pursuit of a CBD3 peptidomimetic, we exploited a unique approach to identify a dipeptide with low conformational flexibility and high solvent accessibility that anchors binding to CaV2.2. From a pharmacophore screen, we obtained CBD3063, a small-molecule that recapitulated CBD3's activity, reversing nociceptive behaviors in rodents of both sexes without sensory, affective, or cognitive effects. By disrupting the CRMP2-CaV2.2 interaction, CBD3063 exerts these effects indirectly through modulating CaV2.2 trafficking, supporting CRMP2 as an auxiliary subunit of CaV2.2. The parent peptide CBD3 was also found by us and others to have neuroprotective properties at postsynaptic sites, through N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and plasmalemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 3, potentially acting as an auxiliary subunit for these pathways as well. Our new compound is poised to address several open questions regarding CRMP2's role in regulating the CaV2.2 pathways to treat pain with the potential added benefit of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, ARB R5-234, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, United States
- Pain
and Addiction Therapeutics (PATH) Collaboratory, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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3
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Kaye AD, Greene DR, Nguyen C, Ragland A, Granger MP, Wilhite WP, Dufrene K, Shekoohi S, Robinson CL. Emerging Medications and Strategies in Acute Pain Management: Evolving Role of Novel Sodium and Calcium Channel Blockers, Peptide-Based Pharmacologic Drugs, and Non-Medicinal Methods. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024:10.1007/s11916-024-01265-z. [PMID: 38761297 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present investigation evaluated integration of novel medication technology to enhance treatment options, while improving patient outcomes in acute pain management. In this regard, we focused on determining the role of development and utilization of cutting-edge pharmaceutical advancements, such as targeted drug delivery systems, as well as non-pharmacologic interventions in addressing acute pain states. Further research in this area is warranted related to the need for increased patient comfort and reduced adverse effects. RECENT FINDINGS Recent innovations and techniques are discussed including pharmacologic drugs targeting sodium and calcium channels, peptide-based pharmacologic drugs, and non-medicinal methods of alleviating pain such as soothing music or virtual reality. The present investigation included review of current literature on the application of these innovative technologies, analyzing mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical effectiveness. Our study also investigated the potential benefits in terms of pain relief, reduced side effects, and improved patient adherence. The research critically examines the challenges and considerations associated with implementing these technologies in acute pain management, considering factors like cost, accessibility, and regulatory aspects. Additionally, case studies and clinical trials are highlighted which demonstrate practical implications of these novel medication technologies in real-world scenarios. The findings aim to provide healthcare professionals with a comprehensive understanding of the evolving landscape in acute pain management while guiding future research and clinical practices toward optimizing their use in enhancing patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neurosciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Driskell R Greene
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Catherine Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, 70112, LA, USA
| | - Amanda Ragland
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Mason P Granger
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - William Peyton Wilhite
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Kylie Dufrene
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Sahar Shekoohi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
| | - Christopher L Robinson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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4
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McDougall JJ, O'Brien MS. Analgesic potential of voltage gated sodium channel modulators for the management of pain. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2024; 75:102433. [PMID: 38277942 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2024.102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal electrochemical signals involve the flux of sodium ions through voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) located in the neurolemma. Of the nine sodium channel subtypes, NaV-1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 are predominantly located on nociceptors, making them prime targets to control pain. This review highlights some of the latest discoveries targeting NaV channel activity, including: (1) charged local anaesthetic derivatives; (2) NaV channel toxins and associated small peptide blockers; (3) regulation of NaV channel accessory proteins; and (4) genetic manipulation of NaV channel function. While the translation of preclinical findings to a viable treatment in humans has remained a challenge, a greater understanding of NaV channel physiology could lead to the development of a new stream of therapies aimed at alleviating chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J McDougall
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Melissa S O'Brien
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Lin JR, Chen YA, Campton D, Cooper J, Coy S, Yapp C, Tefft JB, McCarty E, Ligon KL, Rodig SJ, Reese S, George T, Santagata S, Sorger PK. High-plex immunofluorescence imaging and traditional histology of the same tissue section for discovering image-based biomarkers. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1036-1052. [PMID: 37349501 PMCID: PMC10368530 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine is critically dependent on better methods for diagnosing and staging disease and predicting drug response. Histopathology using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue (not genomics) remains the primary diagnostic method in cancer. Recently developed highly multiplexed tissue imaging methods promise to enhance research studies and clinical practice with precise, spatially resolved single-cell data. Here, we describe the 'Orion' platform for collecting H&E and high-plex immunofluorescence images from the same cells in a whole-slide format suitable for diagnosis. Using a retrospective cohort of 74 colorectal cancer resections, we show that immunofluorescence and H&E images provide human experts and machine learning algorithms with complementary information that can be used to generate interpretable, multiplexed image-based models predictive of progression-free survival. Combining models of immune infiltration and tumor-intrinsic features achieves a 10- to 20-fold discrimination between rapid and slow (or no) progression, demonstrating the ability of multimodal tissue imaging to generate high-performance biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ren Lin
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Shannon Coy
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliann B Tefft
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Sandro Santagata
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mitsui K, Hishiyama S, Jain A, Kotoda Y, Abe M, Matsukawa T, Kotoda M. Role of macrophage autophagy in postoperative pain and inflammation in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:102. [PMID: 37131209 PMCID: PMC10152627 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative pain and inflammation are significant complications following surgery. Strategies that aim to prevent excessive inflammation without hampering natural wound-healing are required for the management of postoperative pain and inflammation. However, the knowledge of the mechanisms and target pathways involved in these processes is lacking. Recent studies have revealed that autophagy in macrophages sequesters pro-inflammatory mediators, and it is therefore being recognized as a crucial process involved in regulating inflammation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that autophagy in macrophages plays protective roles against postoperative pain and inflammation and investigated the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Postoperative pain was induced by plantar incision under isoflurane anesthesia in mice lacking macrophage autophagy (Atg5flox/flox LysMCre +) and their control littermates (Atg5flox/flox). Mechanical and thermal pain sensitivity, changes in weight distribution, spontaneous locomotor activity, tissue inflammation, and body weight were assessed at baseline and 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery. Monocyte/macrophage infiltration at the surgical site and inflammatory mediator expression levels were evaluated. RESULTS Atg5flox/flox LysMCre + mice compared with the control mice exhibited lower mechanical and thermal pain thresholds and surgical/non-surgical hindlimb weight-bearing ratios. The augmented neurobehavioral symptoms observed in the Atg5flox/flox LysMCre + mice were associated with more severe paw inflammation, higher pro-inflammatory mediator mRNA expression, and more monocytes/macrophages at the surgical site. CONCLUSION The lack of macrophage autophagy augmented postoperative pain and inflammation, which were accompanied by enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and surgical-site monocyte/macrophage infiltration. Macrophage autophagy plays a protective role in postoperative pain and inflammation and can be a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuha Mitsui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sohei Hishiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Aakanksha Jain
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yumi Kotoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masako Abe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsukawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kotoda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
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7
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Di Maio G, Villano I, Ilardi CR, Messina A, Monda V, Iodice AC, Porro C, Panaro MA, Chieffi S, Messina G, Monda M, La Marra M. Mechanisms of Transmission and Processing of Pain: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3064. [PMID: 36833753 PMCID: PMC9964506 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about the mechanisms of transmission and the processing of nociceptive information, both in healthy and pathological states, has greatly expanded in recent years. This rapid progress is due to a multidisciplinary approach involving the simultaneous use of different branches of study, such as systems neurobiology, behavioral analysis, genetics, and cell and molecular techniques. This narrative review aims to clarify the mechanisms of transmission and the processing of pain while also taking into account the characteristics and properties of nociceptors and how the immune system influences pain perception. Moreover, several important aspects of this crucial theme of human life will be discussed. Nociceptor neurons and the immune system play a key role in pain and inflammation. The interactions between the immune system and nociceptors occur within peripheral sites of injury and the central nervous system. The modulation of nociceptor activity or chemical mediators may provide promising novel approaches to the treatment of pain and chronic inflammatory disease. The sensory nervous system is fundamental in the modulation of the host's protective response, and understanding its interactions is pivotal in the process of revealing new strategies for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Ashlei Clara Iodice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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8
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Duran P, Loya-López S, Ran D, Tang C, Calderon-Rivera A, Gomez K, Stratton HJ, Huang S, Xu YM, Wijeratne EMK, Perez-Miller S, Shan Z, Cai S, Gabrielsen AT, Dorame A, Masterson KA, Alsbiei O, Madura CL, Luo G, Moutal A, Streicher J, Zamponi GW, Gunatilaka AAL, Khanna R. The natural product argentatin C attenuates postoperative pain via inhibition of voltage-gated sodium and T-type voltage-gated calcium channels. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 180:1267-1285. [PMID: 36245395 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Postoperative pain occurs in as many as 70% of surgeries performed worldwide. Postoperative pain management still relies on opioids despite their negative consequences, resulting in a public health crisis. Therefore, it is important to develop alternative therapies to treat chronic pain. Natural products derived from medicinal plants are potential sources of novel biologically active compounds for development of safe analgesics. In this study, we screened a library of natural products to identify small molecules that target the activity of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels that have important roles in nociceptive sensory processing. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Fractions derived from the Native American medicinal plant, Parthenium incanum, were assessed using depolarization-evoked calcium influx in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Further separation of these fractions yielded a cycloartane-type triterpene identified as argentatin C, which was additionally evaluated using whole-cell voltage and current-clamp electrophysiology, and behavioural analysis in a mouse model of postsurgical pain. KEY RESULTS Argentatin C blocked the activity of both voltage-gated sodium and low-voltage-activated (LVA) calcium channels in calcium imaging assays. Docking analysis predicted that argentatin C may bind to NaV 1.7-1.9 and CaV 3.1-3.3 channels. Furthermore, argentatin C decreased Na+ and T-type Ca2+ currents as well as excitability in rat and macaque DRG neurons, and reversed mechanical allodynia in a mouse model of postsurgical pain. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that the dual effect of argentatin C on voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels supports its potential as a novel treatment for painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Duran
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Santiago Loya-López
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA.,NYU Pain Research Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Aida Calderon-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Harrison J Stratton
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sun Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ya-Ming Xu
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhiming Shan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Song Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Anna T Gabrielsen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Angie Dorame
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kyleigh A Masterson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Omar Alsbiei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Cynthia L Madura
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Guoqin Luo
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - John Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA.,NYU Pain Research Center, New York, New York, USA
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Calcium-Permeable Channels Cooperation for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101383. [PMID: 36291594 PMCID: PMC9599458 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease that results from the deposition of antibodies–autoantigens in the joints, leading to long-lasting inflammation. The main features of RA include cartilage damage, synovial invasion and flare-ups of intra-articular inflammation, and these pathological processes significantly reduce patients’ quality of life. To date, there is still no drug target that can act in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, the search for novel drug targets has become urgent. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, calcium ions play an important role in all cellular activities and the body has evolved a rigorous calcium signaling system. Calcium-permeable channels, as the main operators of calcium signaling, are widely distributed in cell membranes, endoplasmic reticulum membranes and mitochondrial membranes, and mediate the efflux and entry of Ca2+. Over the last century, more and more calcium-permeable channels have been identified in human cells, and the role of this large family of calcium-permeable channels in rheumatoid arthritis has gradually become clear. In this review, we briefly introduce the major calcium-permeable channels involved in the pathogenesis of RA (e.g., acid-sensitive ion channel (ASIC), transient receptor potential (TRP) channel and P2X receptor) and explain the specific roles and mechanisms of these calcium-permeable channels in the pathogenesis of RA, providing more comprehensive ideas and targets for the treatment of RA.
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10
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Konstantinou GN, Konstantinou GN, Koulias C, Petalas K, Makris M. Further Understanding of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Allergy: Implications in Pathophysiology and Role in Disease Progression. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1273-1291. [PMID: 36117919 PMCID: PMC9473548 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s282039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complicated interaction between the central and the autonomic (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric) nervous systems on the one hand and the immune system and its components, on the other hand, seems to substantially contribute to allergy pathophysiology, uncovering an under-recognized association that could have diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. Neurons connect directly with and regulate the function of many immune cells, including mast cells, the cells that have a leading role in allergic disorders. Proinflammatory mediators such as cytokines, neurotrophins, chemokines, and neuropeptides are released by immune cells, which stimulate sensory neurons. The release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides caused by the activation of these neurons directly impacts the functional activity of immune cells and vice versa, playing a decisive role in this communication. Successful application of Pavlovian conditioning in allergic disorders supports the existence of a psychoneuroimmunological interplay in classical allergic hypersensitivity reactions. Activation of neuronal homeostatic reflexes, like sneezing in allergic rhinitis, coughing in allergic asthma, and vomiting in food allergy, offers additional evidence of a neuroimmunological interaction that aims to maintain homeostasis. Dysregulation of this interaction may cause overstimulation of the immune system that will produce profound symptoms and exaggerated hemodynamic responses that will lead to severe allergic pathophysiological events, including anaphylaxis. In this article, we have systematically reviewed and discussed the evidence regarding the role of the neuro-immune interactions in common allergic clinical modalities like allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergic asthma, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria. It is essential to understand unknown – to most of the immunology and allergy experts – neurological networks that not only physiologically cooperate with the immune system to regulate homeostasis but also pathogenetically interact with more or less known immunological pathways, contribute to what is known as neuroimmunological inflammation, and shift homeostasis to instability and disease clinical expression. This understanding will provide recognition of new allergic phenotypes/endotypes and directions to focus on specialized treatments, as the era of personalized patient-centered medicine, is hastening apace.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Konstantinou
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 424 General Military Training Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerasimos N Konstantinou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre of Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Koulias
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michael Makris
- Allergy Unit, 2nd Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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11
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Ren X, Zhang HXB. Uncovering a new route to pain therapy. Cell Calcium 2022; 106:102635. [PMID: 35944383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High-voltage-activated calcium channels (HVACCs) are promising targets for developing analgesics given their roles in controlling synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability and neuropeptide release in primary nociceptive neurons. Despite previous efforts in developing HVACCs inhibitors of various drug modalities, it remains undetermined whether targeting HVACCs directly by a gene therapy approach could lead to pain alleviation in vivo. To test this, Sun and colleagues adopted a post-translational ubiquitination-based knockdown method targeting HVACCs in primary sensory neurons. They showed ablation of HVACC currents in a subset of primary sensory neurons, dampened hyperexcitability of sensory neurons after nerve injury and reduced pain behavior with no apparent adverse effects [1]. The results open the possibility of targeting ion channels with ubiquitination-based knockdown as a promising gene therapy candidate for pain treatment in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ren
- Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America.
| | - Han-Xiong Bear Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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12
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Roversi K, Tabatabaei M, Desjardins-Lecavalier N, Balood M, Crosson T, Costantino S, Griffith M, Talbot S, Boutopoulos C. Nanophotonics Enable Targeted Photothermal Silencing of Nociceptor Neurons. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103364. [PMID: 35195345 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The sensory nervous and immune systems work in concert to preserve homeostasis. While this endogenous interplay protects from danger, it may drive chronic pathologies. Currently, genetic engineering of neurons remains the primary approach to interfere selectively with this potentially deleterious interplay. However, such manipulations are not feasible in a clinical setting. Here, this work reports a nanotechnology-enabled concept to silence subsets of unmodified nociceptor neurons that exploits their ability to respond to heat via the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel. This strategy uses laser stimulation of antibody-coated gold nanoparticles to heat-activate TRPV1, turning this channel into a cell-specific drug-entry port. This delivery method allows transport of a charged cationic derivative of an N-type calcium channel blocker (CNCB-2) into targeted sensory fibers. CNCB-2 delivery blocks neuronal calcium currents and neuropeptides release, resulting in targeted silencing of nociceptors. Finally, this work demonstrates the ability of the approach to probe neuro-immune crosstalk by targeting cytokine-responsive nociceptors and by successfully preventing nociceptor-induced CD8+ T-cells polarization. Overall, this work constitutes the first demonstration of targeted silencing of nociceptor neuron subsets without requiring genetic modification, establishing a strategy for interfering with deleterious neuro-immune interplays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiane Roversi
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maryam Tabatabaei
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Nicolas Desjardins-Lecavalier
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mohammad Balood
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Theo Crosson
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Santiago Costantino
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christos Boutopoulos
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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13
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Kotoda M, Matsuoka T, Wada K, Jayakar S, Ino H, Kawago K, Kumakura Y. Amiodarone Provides Long-Lasting Local Anesthesia and Analgesia in Open-State Mouse Nociceptors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:872477. [PMID: 35370742 PMCID: PMC8971742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.872477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Local anesthetics with long-lasting effects and selectivity for nociceptors have been sought over the past decades. In this study, we investigated whether amiodarone, a multiple channel blocker, provides long-lasting local anesthesia and whether adding a TRPV1 channel activator selectively prolongs sensory anesthetic effects without prolonging motor blockade. Additionally, we examined whether amiodarone provides long-lasting analgesic effects against inflammatory pain without TRPV1 channel activator co-administration. In the sciatic nerve block model, 32 adult C57BL/6J mice received either bupivacaine, amiodarone with or without capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist), or vehicle via peri-sciatic nerve injection. Sensory and motor blockade were assessed either by pinprick and toe spread tests, respectively. In another set of 16 mice, inflammatory pain was induced in the hind paw by zymosan injection, followed by administration of either amiodarone or vehicle. Mechanical and thermal sensitivity and paw thickness were assessed using the von Frey and Hargreaves tests, respectively. The possible cardiovascular and neurological side effects of local amiodarone injection were assessed in another set of 12 mice. In the sciatic nerve block model, amiodarone produced robust anesthesia, and the co-administration of TRPV1 agonist capsaicin prolonged the duration of sensory blockade, but not that of motor blockade [complete sensory block duration: 195.0 ± 9.8 min vs. 28.8 ± 1.3 min, F (2, 21) = 317.6, p < 0.01, complete motor block duration: 27.5 ± 1.6 min vs. 21.3 ± 2.3 min, F (2, 22) = 11.1, p = 0.0695]. In the zymosan-induced inflammatory pain model, low-dose amiodarone was effective in reversing the mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity not requiring capsaicin co-administration [50% withdrawal threshold at 8 h (g): 0.85 ± 0.09 vs. 0.25 ± 0.08, p < 0.01, withdrawal latency at 4 h (s) 8.5 ± 0.5 vs. 5.7 ± 1.4, p < 0.05]. Low-dose amiodarone did not affect zymosan-induced paw inflammation. Local amiodarone did not cause cardiovascular or central nervous system side effects. Amiodarone may have the potential to be a long-acting and nociceptor-selective local anesthetic and analgesic method acting over open-state large-pore channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kotoda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Toru Matsuoka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Keiichi Wada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Selwyn Jayakar
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hirofumi Ino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Koji Kawago
- Department of Surgery Ⅱ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Kumakura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
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14
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Alles SRA, Smith PA. Peripheral Voltage-Gated Cation Channels in Neuropathic Pain and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 2:750583. [PMID: 35295464 PMCID: PMC8915663 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.750583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of increased excitability and spontaneous activity in injured peripheral neurons is imperative for the development and persistence of many forms of neuropathic pain. This aberrant activity involves increased activity and/or expression of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels and hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels as well as decreased function of K+ channels. Because they display limited central side effects, peripherally restricted Na+ and Ca2+ channel blockers and K+ channel activators offer potential therapeutic approaches to pain management. This review outlines the current status and future therapeutic promise of peripherally acting channel modulators. Selective blockers of Nav1.3, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Cav3.2, and HCN2 and activators of Kv7.2 abrogate signs of neuropathic pain in animal models. Unfortunately, their performance in the clinic has been disappointing; some substances fail to meet therapeutic end points whereas others produce dose-limiting side effects. Despite this, peripheral voltage-gated cation channels retain their promise as therapeutic targets. The way forward may include (i) further structural refinement of K+ channel activators such as retigabine and ASP0819 to improve selectivity and limit toxicity; use or modification of Na+ channel blockers such as vixotrigine, PF-05089771, A803467, PF-01247324, VX-150 or arachnid toxins such as Tap1a; the use of Ca2+ channel blockers such as TTA-P2, TTA-A2, Z 944, ACT709478, and CNCB-2; (ii) improving methods for assessing “pain” as opposed to nociception in rodent models; (iii) recognizing sex differences in pain etiology; (iv) tailoring of therapeutic approaches to meet the symptoms and etiology of pain in individual patients via quantitative sensory testing and other personalized medicine approaches; (v) targeting genetic and biochemical mechanisms controlling channel expression using anti-NGF antibodies such as tanezumab or re-purposed drugs such as vorinostat, a histone methyltransferase inhibitor used in the management of T-cell lymphoma, or cercosporamide a MNK 1/2 inhibitor used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; (vi) combination therapy using drugs that are selective for different channel types or regulatory processes; (vii) directing preclinical validation work toward the use of human or human-derived tissue samples; and (viii) application of molecular biological approaches such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha R A Alles
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Peter A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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15
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Nguyen PT, Yarov-Yarovoy V. Towards Structure-Guided Development of Pain Therapeutics Targeting Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842032. [PMID: 35153801 PMCID: PMC8830516 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are critical molecular determinants of action potential generation and propagation in excitable cells. Normal NaV channel function disruption can affect physiological neuronal signaling and lead to increased sensitivity to pain, congenital indifference to pain, uncoordinated movement, seizures, or paralysis. Human genetic studies have identified human NaV1.7 (hNaV1.7), hNaV1.8, and hNaV1.9 channel subtypes as crucial players in pain signaling. The premise that subtype selective NaV inhibitors can reduce pain has been reinforced through intensive target validation and therapeutic development efforts. However, an ideal therapeutic has yet to emerge. This review is focused on recent progress, current challenges, and future opportunities to develop NaV channel targeting small molecules and peptides as non-addictive therapeutics to treat pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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16
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Abstract
Internal organs, including the airway, are innervated by neurons of the autonomic and sensory nervous systems. The airway-innervating sensory neurons primarily originate from the vagus nerve, whose cell bodies are found, in rodents, in the jugular and nodose ganglia complex (JNC). About half of these sensory neurons expressed the heat-sensing ion channel TRPV1 and evolved to limit tissue damage by detecting chemical, mechanical, or thermal threats and to initiate protective airway reflexes such as coughing and bronchoconstriction. They also help monitor the host homeostasis by sensing nutrients, pressure, and O2 levels and help mount airway defenses by controlling immune and goblet cell activity. To better appreciate the scope of the physiological role and pathological contributions of these neurons, we will review gain and loss-of-function approaches geared at controlling the activity of these neurons. We will also present a method to study transcriptomic changes in airway-innervating neurons and a co-culture approach designed to understand how nociceptors modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Chiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Theo Crosson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Bioprinting of Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) Neurons Using Laser-Induced Side Transfer (LIST). MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080865. [PMID: 34442487 PMCID: PMC8400135 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell bioprinting technologies aim to fabricate tissuelike constructs by delivering biomaterials layer-by-layer. Bioprinted constructs can reduce the use of animals in drug development and hold promise for addressing the shortage of organs for transplants. Here, we sought to validate the feasibility of bioprinting primary adult sensory neurons using a newly developed laser-assisted cell bioprinting technology, known as Laser-Induced Side Transfer (LIST). We used dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG; cell bodies of somatosensory neurons) to prepare our bioink. DRG-laden- droplets were printed on fibrin-coated coverslips and their viability, calcium kinetics, neuropeptides release, and neurite outgrowth were measured. The transcriptome of the neurons was sequenced. We found that LIST-printed neurons maintain high viability (Printed: 86%, Control: 87% on average) and their capacity to release neuropeptides (Printed CGRP: 130 pg/mL, Control CGRP: 146 pg/mL). In addition, LIST-printed neurons do not show differences in the expressed genes compared to control neurons. However, in printed neurons, we found compromised neurite outgrowth and lower sensitivity to the ligand of the TRPV1 channel, capsaicin. In conclusion, LIST-printed neurons maintain high viability and marginal functionality losses. Overall, this work paves the way for bioprinting functional 2D neuron assays.
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18
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Tochitsky I, Jo S, Andrews N, Kotoda M, Doyle B, Shim J, Talbot S, Roberson D, Lee J, Haste L, Jordan SM, Levy BD, Bean BP, Woolf CJ. Inhibition of inflammatory pain and cough by a novel charged sodium channel blocker. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3905-3923. [PMID: 33988876 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Many pain-triggering nociceptor neurons express TRPV1 or TRPA1, cation-selective channels with large pores that enable permeation of QX-314, a cationic analogue of lidocaine. Co-application of QX-314 with TRPV1 or TRPA1 activators can silence nociceptors. In this study, we describe BW-031, a novel more potent cationic sodium channel inhibitor, and test whether its application alone can inhibit pain associated with tissue inflammation and whether this strategy can also inhibit cough. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We tested the ability of BW-031 to inhibit pain in three models of tissue inflammation:- inflammation in rat paws produced by complete Freund's adjuvant or by surgical incision and a mouse ultraviolet (UV) burn model. We tested the ability of BW-031 to inhibit cough induced by inhalation of dilute citric acid in guinea pigs. KEY RESULTS BW-031 inhibited Nav 1.7 and Nav 1.1 channels with approximately sixfold greater potency than QX-314 when introduced inside cells. BW-031 inhibited inflammatory pain in all three models tested, producing more effective and longer-lasting inhibition of pain than QX-314 in the mouse UV burn model. BW-031 was effective in reducing cough counts by 78%-90% when applied intratracheally under isoflurane anaesthesia or by aerosol inhalation in guinea pigs with airway inflammation produced by ovalbumin sensitization. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS BW-031 is a novel cationic sodium channel inhibitor that can be applied locally as a single agent to inhibit inflammatory pain. BW-031 can also effectively inhibit cough in a guinea pig model of citric acid-induced cough, suggesting a new clinical approach to treating cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tochitsky
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sooyeon Jo
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nick Andrews
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Masakazu Kotoda
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Doyle
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaehoon Shim
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Départément de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - David Roberson
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinbo Lee
- Sage Partner International, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Louise Haste
- Pharmacology Department, Covance Inc., Huntingdon, UK
| | | | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce P Bean
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Tauber M, Wang F, Kim B, Gaudenzio N. Bidirectional sensory neuron-immune interactions: a new vision in the understanding of allergic inflammation. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:79-86. [PMID: 33873125 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neurons (including sensory neurons) are ubiquitously distributed in all tissues, particularly at the interface with the environment. The primary function of sensory neurons is the transmission of sensations of temperature, pain and itch to elicit appropriate behavioral responses. More recently, sensory neurons have emerged as potent regulators of type 2 immune responses and allergic inflammation. There is increasing evidence showing that neurons can express receptors previously thought to be restricted to the immune compartment. In addition, certain subtypes of immune cells (e.g. mast cells, ILC2s or macrophages) also express specific neuroreceptors that provide them with the capacity to integrate neuron-derived signals and modulate their activation status during the development of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Tauber
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm UMR1291 CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Department of Dermatology, Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Fang Wang
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Brian Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm UMR1291 CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Opioid use disorder (OUD) remains a national epidemic with an immense consequence to the United States' healthcare system. Current therapeutic options are limited by adverse effects and limited efficacy. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in therapeutic options for OUD have shown promise in the fight against this ongoing health crisis. Modifications to approved medication-assisted treatment (MAT) include office-based methadone maintenance, implantable and monthly injectable buprenorphine, and an extended-release injectable naltrexone. Therapies under investigation include various strategies such as heroin vaccines, gene-targeted therapy, and biased agonism at the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), but several pharmacologic, clinical, and practical barriers limit these treatments' market viability. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the current literature regarding recent innovations in OUD treatment.
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21
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McArthur JR, Munasinghe NR, Finol-Urdaneta RK, Adams DJ, Christie MJ. Spider Venom Peptide Pn3a Inhibition of Primary Afferent High Voltage-Activated Calcium Channels. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:633679. [PMID: 33584315 PMCID: PMC7875911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.633679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite potently inhibiting the nociceptive voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel, Nav1.7, µ-theraphotoxin Pn3a is antinociceptive only upon co-administration with sub-therapeutic opioid agonists, or by itself at doses >3,000-fold greater than its Nav1.7 IC50 by a yet undefined mechanism. Nav channels are structurally related to voltage-gated calcium (Cav) channels, Cav1 and Cav2. These channels mediate the high voltage-activated (HVA) calcium currents (ICa) that orchestrate synaptic transmission in nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and are fine-tuned by opioid receptor (OR) activity. Using whole-cell patch clamp recording, we found that Pn3a (10 µM) inhibits ∼55% of rat DRG neuron HVA-ICa and 60–80% of Cav1.2, Cav1.3, Cav2.1, and Cav2.2 mediated currents in HEK293 cells, with no inhibition of Cav2.3. As a major DRG ICa component, Cav2.2 inhibition by Pn3a (IC50 = 3.71 ± 0.21 µM) arises from an 18 mV hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of inactivation. We observed that co-application of Pn3a and µ-OR agonist DAMGO results in enhanced HVA-ICa inhibition in DRG neurons whereas co-application of Pn3a with the OR antagonist naloxone does not, underscoring HVA channels as shared targets of Pn3a and opioids. We provide evidence that Pn3a inhibits native and recombinant HVA Cavs at previously reportedly antinociceptive concentrations in animal pain models. We show additive modulation of DRG HVA-ICa by sequential application of low Pn3a doses and sub-therapeutic opioids ligands. We propose Pn3a's antinociceptive effects result, at least in part, from direct inhibition of HVA-ICa at high Pn3a doses, or through additive inhibition by low Pn3a and mild OR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R McArthur
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nehan R Munasinghe
- Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rocio K Finol-Urdaneta
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Electrophysiology Facility for Cell Phenotyping and Drug Discovery, IHMRI, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Crosson T, Wang JC, Doyle B, Merrison H, Balood M, Parrin A, Pascal M, Mindt BC, Seehus CR, Ozcan A, Huang X, Semenara E, Lai NYY, Majdoubi A, Abdulnour REE, Rajchgot T, Rafei M, Foster SL, Thibodeau J, Fritz JH, Levy BD, Woolf CJ, Talbot S. FcεR1-expressing nociceptors trigger allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:2330-2342. [PMID: 33453289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung nociceptor neurons amplify immune cell activity and mucus metaplasia in response to an inhaled allergen challenge in sensitized mice. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify the cellular mechanisms by which these sensory neurons are activated subsequent to allergen exposure. METHODS We used calcium microscopy and electrophysiologic recording to assess whether vagal neurons directly respond to the model allergen ovalbumin (OVA). Next, we generated the first nociceptor-specific FcεR1γ knockdown (TRPV1Cre::FcεR1γfl/fl) mice to assess whether this targeted invalidation would affect the severity of allergic inflammation in response to allergen challenges. RESULTS Lung-innervating jugular nodose complex ganglion neurons express the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεR1, the levels of which increase in OVA-sensitized mice. FcεR1γ-expressing vagal nociceptor neurons respond directly to OVA complexed with IgE with depolarization, action potential firing, calcium influx, and neuropeptide release. Activation of vagal neurons by IgE-allergen immune complexes, through the release of substance P from their peripheral terminals, directly amplifies TH2 cell influx and polarization in the airways. Allergic airway inflammation is decreased in TRPV1Cre::FcεR1γfl/fl mice and in FcεR1α-/- mice into which bone marrow has been transplanted. Finally, increased in vivo circulating levels of IgE following allergen sensitization enhances the responsiveness of FcεR1 to immune complexes in both mouse jugular nodose complex ganglion neurons and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nociceptors. CONCLUSIONS Allergen sensitization triggers a feedforward inflammatory loop between IgE-producing plasma cells, FcεR1-expressing vagal sensory neurons, and TH2 cells, which helps to both initiate and amplify allergic airway inflammation. These data highlight a novel target for reducing allergy, namely, FcεR1γ expressed by nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Crosson
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jo-Chiao Wang
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Doyle
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Hannah Merrison
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mohammad Balood
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Parrin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Maud Pascal
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Barbara C Mindt
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Corey R Seehus
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Alp Ozcan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Xuan Huang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Elise Semenara
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicole Y Y Lai
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Abdelilah Majdoubi
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raja-Elie E Abdulnour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Trevor Rajchgot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moutih Rafei
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simmie L Foster
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Jacques Thibodeau
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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23
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Jablonski S, Lirk P. Future in regional anesthesia and pain medicine: the pharmacological view. Minerva Anestesiol 2021; 87:351-357. [PMID: 33432792 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.20.14844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Local anesthetics are still incompletely understood, and none of the currently available drugs are optimal. The primary target of local anesthetics is the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), where they lead to a temporary interruption of nerve conduction. Unfortunately, local anesthetics are neither specific at blocking a specific VGSC isoform, nor a specific cell type. We realize now that the old classification of A and C fibers according to myelin thickness is outdated, that next to differing myelin configuration, cells differ also by their molecular biology, and that there are close to 20 different neuronal subgroups when function is concerned. The ideal local anesthetic would only block sensory impulses, or even only painful impulses. In the search for that drug, several research avenues have been followed. First, efforts have been undertaken to extend duration of local anesthetics, by additives or extended-release formulation. Second, blockade of specific pain fibers has been attempted by targeting permanently charged anesthetics specifically into nociceptors. Third, blockade of specific isoforms using antibodies, and adaptation of naturally occurring neurotoxins has shown promise. Lastly, combination of local anesthetics with other analgesics may improve their duration of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Jablonski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philipp Lirk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA -
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24
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Eichwald T, Talbot S. Neuro-Immunity Controls Obesity-Induced Pain. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:181. [PMID: 32581740 PMCID: PMC7295985 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity skyrocketed over the past decades to become a significant public health problem. Obesity is recognized as a low-grade inflammatory disease and is linked with several comorbidities such as diabetes, circulatory disease, common neurodegenerative diseases, as well as chronic pain. Adipocytes are a major neuroendocrine organ that continually, and systemically, releases pro-inflammatory factors. While the exact mechanisms driving obesity-induced pain remain poorly defined, nociceptor hypersensitivity may result from the systemic state of inflammation characteristic of obesity as well as weight surplus-induced mechanical stress. Obesity and pain also share various genetic mutations, lifestyle risk factors, and metabolic pathways. For instance, fat pads are often found hyper-innervated and rich in immune cell types of multiple origins. These immunocytes release cytokines, amplifying nociceptor function, which, in turn, via locally released neuropeptides, sustain immunocytes' function. Here, we posit that along with mechanical stress stemming from extra weight, the local neuro-immune interplay occurring within the fat pads maintains the state of chronic low-grade inflammation and heightens sensory hypersensitivity. Overall, stopping such harmful neuro-immune crosstalk may constitute a novel pathway to prevent obesity-associated comorbidities, including neuronal hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuany Eichwald
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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25
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Zhou Y, Cai S, Gomez K, Wijeratne EMK, Ji Y, Bellampalli SS, Luo S, Moutal A, Gunatilaka AAL, Khanna R. 1-O-Acetylgeopyxin A, a derivative of a fungal metabolite, blocks tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium, calcium channels and neuronal excitability which correlates with inhibition of neuropathic pain. Mol Brain 2020; 13:73. [PMID: 32393368 PMCID: PMC7216607 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain can be the result of an underlying disease or condition, medical treatment, inflammation, or injury. The number of persons experiencing this type of pain is substantial, affecting upwards of 50 million adults in the United States. Pharmacotherapy of most of the severe chronic pain patients includes drugs such as gabapentinoids, re-uptake blockers and opioids. Unfortunately, gabapentinoids are not effective in up to two-thirds of this population and although opioids can be initially effective, their long-term use is associated with multiple side effects. Therefore, there is a great need to develop novel non-opioid alternative therapies to relieve chronic pain. For this purpose, we screened a small library of natural products and their derivatives in the search for pharmacological inhibitors of voltage-gated calcium and sodium channels, which are outstanding molecular targets due to their important roles in nociceptive pathways. We discovered that the acetylated derivative of the ent-kaurane diterpenoid, geopyxin A, 1-O-acetylgeopyxin A, blocks voltage-gated calcium and tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channels but not tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Consistent with inhibition of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels, 1-O-acetylgeopyxin A reduced reduce action potential firing frequency and increased firing threshold (rheobase) in DRG neurons. Finally, we identified the potential of 1-O-acetylgeopyxin A to reverse mechanical allodynia in a preclinical rat model of HIV-induced sensory neuropathy. Dual targeting of both sodium and calcium channels may permit block of nociceptor excitability and of release of pro-nociceptive transmitters. Future studies will harness the core structure of geopyxins for the generation of antinociceptive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Song Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources & the Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Yingshi Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Shreya S Bellampalli
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Shizhen Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources & the Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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