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Osman MM, Iravani A, Mitchell C, Hicks RJ, Perry E, Hofman MS. 18F-DCFPyL PSMA PET/CT Tracheobronchial Uptake in Patients with Prostate Cancer: Incidence and Etiology. J Nucl Med 2024:jnumed.124.267772. [PMID: 39089815 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.267772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the incidence and potential etiology of tracheobronchial uptake in patients being evaluated by 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT for prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: The study included a consecutive 100 PCa patients referred for 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT. The PET/CT scans were retrospectively reviewed. The presence or absence of physiologic tracheobronchial uptake on PET/CT was recorded. To further evaluate tracheal prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression, immunohistochemistry was performed on tracheal samples taken from 2 men who had surgical resection of lung cancer. Results: Tracheal uptake was present in 31 of 100 patients (31%). When tracheal uptake was present, the SUVmax was significantly higher in the left main bronchus (mean, 2.7) than in the right (mean, 2.3) (P < 0.001). Histopathologic testing of tracheobronchial samples showed PSMA expression in bronchial submucosal glands. Conclusion: In PCa patients undergoing 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT, tracheobronchial uptake occurred in 31% of patients. This is attributed to normal physiologic PSMA expression in bronchial submucosal glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhat M Osman
- Department of Radiology, Saint Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri;
| | - Amir Iravani
- Department of Radiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Catherine Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Melbourne Theranostic Innovation Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisa Perry
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Department of Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Meyerholz DK, Burrough ER, Kirchhof N, Anderson DJ, Helke KL. Swine models in translational research and medicine. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:512-523. [PMID: 38197394 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231222235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Swine are increasingly studied as animal models of human disease. The anatomy, size, longevity, physiology, immune system, and metabolism of swine are more like humans than traditional rodent models. In addition, the size of swine is preferred for surgical placement and testing of medical devices destined for humans. These features make swine useful for biomedical, pharmacological, and toxicological research. With recent advances in gene-editing technologies, genetic modifications can readily and efficiently be made in swine to study genetic disorders. In addition, gene-edited swine tissues are necessary for studies testing and validating xenotransplantation into humans to meet the critical shortfall of viable organs versus need. Underlying all of these biomedical applications, the knowledge of husbandry, background diseases and lesions, and biosecurity needs are important for productive, efficient, and reproducible research when using swine as a human disease model for basic research, preclinical testing, and translational studies.
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3
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Scott M, Lei L, Bierstedt KC, McCray PB, Xie Y. Dynamic measurement of airway surface liquid volume with an ex vivo trachea-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3093-3100. [PMID: 38779981 PMCID: PMC11165946 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The volume and composition of airway surface liquid (ASL) is regulated by liquid secretion and absorption across airway epithelia, controlling the pH, solute concentration, and biophysical properties of ASL in health and disease. Here, we developed a method integrating explanted tracheal tissue with a micro-machined device (referred to as "ex vivo trachea-chip") to study the dynamic properties of ASL volume regulation. The ex vivo trachea-chip allows real-time measurement of ASL transport (Jv) with intact airway anatomic structures, environmental control, high-resolution, and enhanced experimental throughput. Applying this technology to freshly excised tissue we observed ASL absorption under basal conditions. The apical application of amiloride, an inhibitor of airway epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), reduced airway liquid absorption. Furthermore, the basolateral addition of NPPB, a Cl- channel inhibitor, reduced the basal rate of ASL absorption, implicating a role for basolateral Cl- channels in ASL volume regulation. When tissues were treated with apical amiloride and basolateral methacholine, a cholinergic agonist that stimulates secretion from airway submucosal glands, the net airway surface liquid production shifted from absorption to secretion. This ex vivo trachea-chip provides a new tool to investigate ASL transport dynamics in pulmonary disease states and may aid the development of new therapies targeting ASL regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Scott
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, USA.
| | - Lei Lei
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, USA
| | - Kaleb C Bierstedt
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, USA.
| | - Paul B McCray
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, USA
| | - Yuliang Xie
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, USA.
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4
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Basil MC, Alysandratos KD, Kotton DN, Morrisey EE. Lung repair and regeneration: Advanced models and insights into human disease. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:439-454. [PMID: 38492572 PMCID: PMC11070171 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The respiratory system acts as both the primary site of gas exchange and an important sensor and barrier to the external environment. The increase in incidences of respiratory disease over the past decades has highlighted the importance of developing improved therapeutic approaches. This review will summarize recent research on the cellular complexity of the mammalian respiratory system with a focus on gas exchange and immunological defense functions of the lung. Different models of repair and regeneration will be discussed to help interpret human and animal data and spur the investigation of models and assays for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Basil
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Bidanta S, Börner K, Herr BW, Nagy M, Gustilo KS, Bajema R, Maier L, Molontay R, Weber G. Functional Tissue Units in the Human Reference Atlas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562593. [PMID: 37905079 PMCID: PMC10614912 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional tissue units (FTUs) form the basic building blocks of organs and are important for understanding and modeling the healthy physiological function of the organ and changes during disease states. In this first comprehensive catalog of FTUs, we document the definition, physical dimensions, vasculature, and cellular composition of 22 anatomically correct, nested functional tissue units (FTUs) in 10 healthy human organs. The catalog includes datasets, illustrations, an interactive online FTU explorer, and a large printable poster. All data and code are freely available. This is part of a larger ongoing international effort to construct a Human Reference Atlas (HRA) of all cells in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Bidanta
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Katy Börner
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Bruce W Herr
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Marcell Nagy
- Department of Stochastics, Institute of Mathematics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katherine S Gustilo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Rachel Bajema
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Libby Maier
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Roland Molontay
- Department of Stochastics, Institute of Mathematics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Muegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Griffin Weber
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Meyerholz DK, Leidinger MR, Adam Goeken J, Businga TR, Vizuett S, Akers A, Evans I, Zhang Y, Engelhardt JF. Immunohistochemical detection of MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins in ferrets. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:111. [PMID: 37349833 PMCID: PMC10286488 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic condition that causes abnormal mucus secretions in affected organs. MUC5AC and MUC5B are gel-forming mucins and frequent targets for investigations in CF tissues. Our objective was to qualify MUC5AC and MUC5B immunohistochemical techniques to provide a useful tool to identify, localize and interpret mucin expression in ferret tissues. RESULTS MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins were detected most commonly in large airways and least in small airways, consistent with reported goblet cell density in airway surface epithelia. We evaluated whether staining method affected the detection of goblet cell mucins in serial sections of bronchial surface epithelia. Significant differences between stains were not observed suggesting common co-expression MUC5AC and MUC5B proteins in goblet cells of airway surface epithelia. Gallbladder and stomach tissues are reported to have differential mucin enrichment, so we tested these tissues in wildtype ferrets. Stomach tissues were enriched in MUC5AC and gallbladder tissues enriched in MUC5B, mucin enrichment similar to human tissues. Mucin immunostaining techniques were further qualified for specificity using lung tissue from recently generated MUC5AC-/- and MUC5B-/- ferrets. Qualified techniques for MUC5AC and MUC5B immunohistochemistry will be useful tools for mucin tissue studies in CF and other ferret models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Mariah R. Leidinger
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - J. Adam Goeken
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Thomas R. Businga
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Sebastian Vizuett
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Allison Akers
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Idil Evans
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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7
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Rodriguez-Piñeiro AM, Jaudas F, Klymiuk N, Bähr A, Hansson GC, Ermund A. Proteome of airway surface liquid and mucus in newborn wildtype and cystic fibrosis piglets. Respir Res 2023; 24:83. [PMID: 36927357 PMCID: PMC10022022 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The respiratory tract is protected from inhaled particles and microbes by mucociliary clearance, mediated by the mucus and the cilia creating a flow to move the mucus cephalad. Submucosal glands secrete linear MUC5B mucin polymers and because they pass through the gland duct before reaching the airway surface, bundled strands of 1000-5000 parallel molecules exit the glands. In contrast, the surface goblet cells secrete both MUC5AC and MUC5B. METHODS We used mass-spectrometry based proteomic analysis of unstimulated and carbachol stimulated newborn wild-type (WT) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) null (CF) piglet airways to study proteins in the airway surface liquid and mucus, to investigate if levels of MUC5AC and MUC5B were affected by carbachol stimulation and whether the proteins clustered according to function. RESULTS Proteins in the first four extracted fractions clustered together and the fifth fraction contained the mucus cluster, mucins and other proteins known to associate with mucins, whereas the traditional airway surface liquid proteins clustered to fraction 1-4 and were absent from the mucus fraction. Carbachol stimulation resulted in increased MUC5AC and MUC5B. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a distinct separation between proteins in the washable surface liquid and the mucus fraction. In fractions 1-4 from newborn CF piglets an additional cluster containing acute phase proteins was observed, suggesting an early inflammatory response in CF piglets. Alternatively, increased levels of these proteins could indicate altered lung development in the CF piglets. This observation suggests that CF airway disease is present at birth and thus, treatment should commence directly after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Rodriguez-Piñeiro
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Florian Jaudas
- Center for Innovative Animal Models, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Center for Innovative Animal Models, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Center for Innovative Animal Models, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Ermund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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8
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Ehre C, Hansson GC, Thornton DJ, Ostedgaard LS. Mucus aberrant properties in CF: Insights from cells and animal models. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22 Suppl 1:S23-S26. [PMID: 36117114 PMCID: PMC10018425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal genetic disorder caused by the dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, is characterized by mucus accumulation in the lungs, the intestinal tract, and the pancreatic ducts. Mucins are high-molecular-weight glycoproteins that govern the biochemical and biophysical properties of mucus. In the CF lung, increased mucus viscoelasticity is associated with decreased mucociliary clearance and defects in host defense mechanisms. The link between defective ion channel and abnormal mucus properties has been investigated in studies involving cell and animal models. In this review article, we discuss recent progress toward understanding the different regions and cells that express CFTR in the airways and how mucus is produced and cleared from the lungs. In addition, we reflect on animal models that provided insights into the organization and the role of the mucin network and how mucus and antimicrobial activities act in concert to protect the lungs from invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ehre
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Pediatrics, Marsico Lung Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David J Thornton
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, and The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lynda S Ostedgaard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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9
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Ou S, Jeyalatha MV, Mao Y, Wang J, Chen C, Zhang M, Liu X, Liang M, Lin S, Wu Y, Li Y, Li W. The Role of Ectodysplasin A on the Ocular Surface Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415700. [PMID: 36555342 PMCID: PMC9779463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin A (EDA), a ligand of the TNF family, plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the ocular surface. EDA is necessary for the development of the meibomian gland, the lacrimal gland, as well as the proliferation and barrier function of the corneal epithelium. The mutation of EDA can induce the destruction of the ocular surface resulting in keratopathy, abnormality of the meibomian gland and maturation of the lacrimal gland. Experimental animal studies showed that a prenatal ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection or postnatal intravenous administration of soluble recombinant EDA protein can efficiently prevent the development of ocular surface abnormalities in EDA mutant animals. Furthermore, local application of EDA could restore the damaged ocular surface to some extent. Hence, a recombinant EDA-based therapy may serve as a novel paradigm to treat ocular surface disorders, such as meibomian gland dysfunction and corneal epithelium abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Ou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Mani Vimalin Jeyalatha
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Chao Chen
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Minghui Liang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361000, China
- Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-592-2183761
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10
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Song D, Iverson E, Kaler L, Boboltz A, Scull MA, Duncan GA. MUC5B mobilizes and MUC5AC spatially aligns mucociliary transport on human airway epithelium. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq5049. [PMID: 36427316 PMCID: PMC9699686 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Secreted mucus is a frontline defense against respiratory infection, enabling the capture and swift removal of infectious or irritating agents from the lungs. Airway mucus is composed of two mucins: mucin 5B (MUC5B) and 5AC (MUC5AC). Together, they form a hydrogel that can be actively transported by cilia along the airway surface. In chronic respiratory diseases, abnormal expression of these mucins is directly implicated in dysfunctional mucus clearance. Yet, the role of each mucin in supporting normal mucus transport remains unclear. Here, we generate human airway epithelial tissue cultures deficient in either MUC5B or MUC5AC to understand their individual contributions to mucus transport. We find that MUC5B and MUC5AC deficiency results in impaired and discoordinated mucociliary transport, respectively, demonstrating the importance of each mucin to airway clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Song
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ethan Iverson
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Logan Kaler
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Allison Boboltz
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Margaret A. Scull
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Gregg A. Duncan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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11
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Hill DB, Button B, Rubinstein M, Boucher RC. Physiology and pathophysiology of human airway mucus. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1757-1836. [PMID: 35001665 PMCID: PMC9665957 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical host defense system of the human lung. Mucus is cleared from the lung by cilia and airflow, including both two-phase gas-liquid pumping and cough-dependent mechanisms, and mucus transport rates are heavily dependent on mucus concentration. Importantly, mucus transport rates are accurately predicted by the gel-on-brush model of the mucociliary apparatus from the relative osmotic moduli of the mucus and periciliary-glycocalyceal (PCL-G) layers. The fluid available to hydrate mucus is generated by transepithelial fluid transport. Feedback interactions between mucus concentrations and cilia beating, via purinergic signaling, coordinate Na+ absorptive vs Cl- secretory rates to maintain mucus hydration in health. In disease, mucus becomes hyperconcentrated (dehydrated). Multiple mechanisms derange the ion transport pathways that normally hydrate mucus in muco-obstructive lung diseases, e.g., cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-CF bronchiectasis (NCFB), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). A key step in muco-obstructive disease pathogenesis is the osmotic compression of the mucus layer onto the airway surface with the formation of adherent mucus plaques and plugs, particularly in distal airways. Mucus plaques create locally hypoxic conditions and produce airflow obstruction, inflammation, infection, and, ultimately, airway wall damage. Therapies to clear adherent mucus with hydrating and mucolytic agents are rational, and strategies to develop these agents are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, and Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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12
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Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells sense succinate to stimulate myoepithelial cell contraction. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2221-2236.e5. [PMID: 36108628 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are rare airway cells with potential sensory capacity linked to vagal neurons and immune cells. How PNECs sense and respond to external stimuli remains poorly understood. We discovered PNECs located within pig and human submucosal glands, a tissue that produces much of the mucus that defends the lung. These PNECs sense succinate, an inflammatory molecule in liquid lining the airway surface. The results indicate that succinate migrates down the submucosal gland duct to the acinus, where it triggers apical succinate receptors, causing PNECs to release ATP. The short-range ATP signal stimulates the contraction of myoepithelial cells wrapped tightly around the submucosal glands. Succinate-triggered gland contraction may complement the action of neurotransmitters that induce mucus release but not gland contraction to promote mucus ejection onto the airway surface. These findings identify a local circuit in which rare PNECs within submucosal glands sense an environmental cue to orchestrate the function of airway glands.
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13
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has affected millions of lives. Individuals who survive severe COVID-19 can experience sustained respiratory symptoms that persist for months after initial infection. In other airway diseases, abnormal airway mucus contributes to sustained airway symptoms. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on airway mucus has received limited attention. In the current review, we assess literature describing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on airway pathophysiology with specific emphasis on mucus production. Accumulating evidence suggests that the 2 major secreted airway mucin glycoproteins, MUC5AC and MUC5B, are abnormal in some patients with COVID-19. Aberrations in MUC5AC or MUC5B in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are likely due to inflammation, though the responsible mechanisms have yet to be determined. Thus, we also provide a proposed model highlighting mechanisms that can contribute to acute and sustained mucus abnormalities in SARS-CoV-2, with an emphasis on inflammatory cells and mediators, including mast cells and histamine. Last, we bring to light the challenges of studying abnormal mucus production in SARS-CoV-2 infections and discuss the strengths and limitations of model systems commonly used to study COVID-19. The evidence to date suggests that ferrets, nonhuman primates, and cats may have advantages over other models to investigate mucus in COVID-19.
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14
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Pednekar DD, Liguori MA, Marques CNH, Zhang T, Zhang N, Zhou Z, Amoako K, Gu H. From Static to Dynamic: A Review on the Role of Mucus Heterogeneity in Particle and Microbial Transport. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2825-2848. [PMID: 35696291 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mucus layers (McLs) are on the front line of the human defense system that protect us from foreign abiotic/biotic particles (e.g., airborne virus SARS-CoV-2) and lubricates our organs. Recently, the impact of McLs on human health (e.g., nutrient absorption and drug delivery) and diseases (e.g., infections and cancers) has been studied extensively, yet their mechanisms are still not fully understood due to their high variety among organs and individuals. We characterize these variances as the heterogeneity of McLs, which lies in the thickness, composition, and physiology, making the systematic research on the roles of McLs in human health and diseases very challenging. To advance mucosal organoids and develop effective drug delivery systems, a comprehensive understanding of McLs' heterogeneity and how it impacts mucus physiology is urgently needed. When the role of airway mucus in the penetration and transmission of coronavirus (CoV) is considered, this understanding may also enable a better explanation and prediction of the CoV's behavior. Hence, in this Review, we summarize the variances of McLs among organs, health conditions, and experimental settings as well as recent advances in experimental measurements, data analysis, and model development for simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Dinanath Pednekar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Madison A Liguori
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | | | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States.,BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zejian Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Kagya Amoako
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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15
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Kato T, Radicioni G, Papanikolas MJ, Stoychev GV, Markovetz MR, Aoki K, Porterfield M, Okuda K, Barbosa Cardenas SM, Gilmore RC, Morrison CB, Ehre C, Burns KA, White KK, Brennan TA, Goodell HP, Thacker H, Loznev HT, Forsberg LJ, Nagase T, Rubinstein M, Randell SH, Tiemeyer M, Hill DB, Kesimer M, O’Neal WK, Ballard ST, Freeman R, Button B, Boucher RC. Mucus concentration-dependent biophysical abnormalities unify submucosal gland and superficial airway dysfunction in cystic fibrosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9718. [PMID: 35363522 PMCID: PMC10938572 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by abnormal transepithelial ion transport. However, a description of CF lung disease pathophysiology unifying superficial epithelial and submucosal gland (SMG) dysfunctions has remained elusive. We hypothesized that biophysical abnormalities associated with CF mucus hyperconcentration provide a unifying mechanism. Studies of the anion secretion-inhibited pig airway model of CF revealed elevated SMG mucus concentrations, osmotic pressures, and SMG mucus accumulation. Human airway studies revealed hyperconcentrated CF SMG mucus with raised osmotic pressures and cohesive forces predicted to limit SMG mucus secretion/release. Using proline-rich protein 4 (PRR4) as a biomarker of SMG secretion, CF sputum proteomics analyses revealed markedly lower PRR4 levels compared to healthy and bronchiectasis controls, consistent with a failure of CF SMGs to secrete mucus onto airway surfaces. Raised mucus osmotic/cohesive forces, reflecting mucus hyperconcentration, provide a unifying mechanism that describes disease-initiating mucus accumulation on airway surfaces and in SMGs of the CF lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giorgia Radicioni
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Micah J. Papanikolas
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Georgi V. Stoychev
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew R. Markovetz
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Melody Porterfield
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Rodney C. Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cameron B. Morrison
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimberlie A. Burns
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen K. White
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tara A. Brennan
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Henry P. Goodell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Holly Thacker
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Henry T. Loznev
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Forsberg
- Protein Expression and Purification Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Rubinstein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott H. Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David B. Hill
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wanda K. O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen T. Ballard
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ronit Freeman
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian Button
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard C. Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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16
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Liegeois MA, Fahy JV. The Mucin Gene MUC5B Is Required for Normal Lung Function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:737-739. [PMID: 35148488 PMCID: PMC9836220 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202201-0064ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maude A. Liegeois
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of California San FranciscoSan Francisco, California
| | - John V. Fahy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan Francisco, California
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17
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Pino-Argumedo MI, Fischer AJ, Hilkin BM, Gansemer ND, Allen PD, Hoffman EA, Stoltz DA, Welsh MJ, Abou Alaiwa MH. Elastic mucus strands impair mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis pigs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121731119. [PMID: 35324331 PMCID: PMC9060506 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121731119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceIn many lung diseases, increased amounts of and/or abnormal mucus impair mucociliary clearance, a key defense against inhaled and aspirated material. Submucosal glands lining cartilaginous airways secrete mucus strands that are pulled by cilia until they break free from the duct and sweep upward toward the larynx, carrying particulates. In cystic fibrosis (CF) pigs, progressive clearance of insufflated microdisks was repeatedly interrupted as microdisks abruptly recoiled. Aerosolizing a reducing agent to break disulfide bonds linking mucins ruptured mucus strands, freeing them from submucosal gland ducts and allowing cilia to propel them up the airways. These findings highlight the abnormally increased elasticity of CF mucus and suggest that agents that break disulfide bonds might have value in lung diseases with increased mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Pino-Argumedo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Anthony J. Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Brieanna M. Hilkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Nicholas D. Gansemer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Patrick D. Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Eric A. Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - David A. Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Michael J. Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- HHMI, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Mahmoud H. Abou Alaiwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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18
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Cellular and molecular architecture of submucosal glands in wild-type and cystic fibrosis pigs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2119759119. [PMID: 35046051 PMCID: PMC8794846 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119759119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Submucosal glands (SMGs) protect lungs but can also contribute to disease. For example, in cystic fibrosis (CF), SMGs produce abnormal mucus that disrupts mucociliary transport. CF is an ion transport disease, yet knowledge of the ion transporters expressed by SMG acini, which produce mucus, and SMG ducts that carry it to the airway lumen is limited. Therefore, we isolated SMGs from newborn pigs and used single-cell messenger RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization to identify cell types, gene expression, and spatial distribution. Cell types and transcript levels were the same in non-CF and CF SMGs, suggesting that loss of epithelial anion secretion rather than an intrinsic cell defect causes CF mucus abnormalities. Gene signatures of acinar mucous and acinar serous cells revealed specialized functions in producing mucins and antimicrobials, respectively. However, surprisingly, these two cell types expressed the same ion transporters and neurohumoral receptors, suggesting the importance of balancing mucin and liquid secretion to produce optimal mucus properties. SMG duct cell transcripts suggest that they secrete HCO3- and Cl-, and thus have some similarity to pancreatic ducts that are also defective in CF. These and additional findings suggest the functions of the SMG acinus and duct and provide a baseline for understanding how environmental and genetic challenges impact their contribution to lung disease.
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19
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Genome-Wide RNAi Screening Identifies Novel Pathways/Genes Involved in Oxidative Stress and Repurposable Drugs to Preserve Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cell Integrity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121936. [PMID: 34943039 PMCID: PMC8750174 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent infection-inflammation cycles in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients generate a highly oxidative environment, leading to progressive destruction of the airway epithelia. The identification of novel modifier genes involved in oxidative stress susceptibility in the CF airways might contribute to devise new therapeutic approaches. We performed an unbiased genome-wide RNAi screen using a randomized siRNA library to identify oxidative stress modulators in CF airway epithelial cells. We monitored changes in cell viability after a lethal dose of hydrogen peroxide. Local similarity and protein-protein interaction network analyses uncovered siRNA target genes/pathways involved in oxidative stress. Further mining against public drug databases allowed identifying and validating commercially available drugs conferring oxidative stress resistance. Accordingly, a catalog of 167 siRNAs able to confer oxidative stress resistance in CF submucosal gland cells targeted 444 host genes and multiple circuitries involved in oxidative stress. The most significant processes were related to alternative splicing and cell communication, motility, and remodeling (impacting cilia structure/function, and cell guidance complexes). Other relevant pathways included DNA repair and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. The mTOR inhibitor everolimus, the α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist doxazosin, and the Syk inhibitor fostamatinib significantly increased the viability of CF submucosal gland cells under strong oxidative stress pressure. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies to preserve airway cell integrity from the harsh oxidative milieu of CF airways could stem from a deep understanding of the complex consequences of oxidative stress at the molecular level, followed by a rational repurposing of existing "protective" drugs. This approach could also prove useful to other respiratory pathologies.
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20
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Ermund A, Meiss LN, Dolan B, Jaudas F, Ewaldsson L, Bähr A, Klymiuk N, Hansson GC. Mucus threads from surface goblet cells clear particles from the airways. Respir Res 2021; 22:303. [PMID: 34823518 PMCID: PMC8620232 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mucociliary clearance system driven by beating cilia protects the airways from inhaled microbes and particles. Large particles are cleared by mucus bundles made in submucosal glands by parallel linear polymers of the MUC5B mucins. However, the structural organization and function of the mucus generated in surface goblet cells are poorly understood. Methods The origin and characteristics of different mucus structures were studied on live tissue explants from newborn wild-type (WT), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) deficient (CF) piglets and weaned pig airways using video microscopy, Airyscan imaging and electron microscopy. Bronchoscopy was performed in juvenile pigs in vivo. Results We have identified a distinct mucus formation secreted from the surface goblet cells with a diameter less than two micrometer. This type of mucus was named mucus threads. With time mucus threads gathered into larger mucus assemblies, efficiently collecting particles. The previously observed Alcian blue stained mucus bundles were around 10 times thicker than the threads. Together the mucus bundles, mucus assemblies and mucus threads cleared the pig trachea from particles. Conclusions These results demonstrate that normal airway mucus is more complex and has a more variable structural organization and function than was previously understood. These observations emphasize the importance of studying young objects to understand the function of a non-compromised lung. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01898-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ermund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 440, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lauren N Meiss
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 440, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brendan Dolan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 440, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Florian Jaudas
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Ewaldsson
- Experimental Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gunnar C Hansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 440, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Pai AC, Parekh KR, Engelhardt JF, Lynch TJ. Ferret respiratory disease models for the study of lung stem cells. LUNG STEM CELLS IN DEVELOPMENT, HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021:273-289. [DOI: 10.1183/2312508x.10010320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
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22
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Sponchiado M, Liao YS, Atanasova KR, Collins EN, Schurmann V, Bravo L, Reznikov LR. Overexpression of Substance P in pig airways increases MUC5AC through an NF-kβ pathway. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14749. [PMID: 33580593 PMCID: PMC7881348 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is a tachykinin that regulates airway mucous secretion in both health and disease. Our study aimed to determine whether overexpression of SP without pre‐existing inflammation was sufficient to induce changes in mucin secretion and transport in small airways. Utilizing porcine precision‐cut lung slices, we measured the impact of AAV‐mediated overexpression of SP on airway physiology ex vivo. Immunofluorescence signal intensity for MUC5AC was significantly increased in SP‐overexpressed precision‐cut lung slices compared to GFP controls. No difference in MUC5B signal intensity between treatments was detected. SP‐overexpressed precision‐cut lung slices also exhibited decreased IL10 mRNA, an important inhibitor of mucous cell metaplasia. Overt deficits in mucociliary transport were not noted, though a trend for decreased mean transport speed was detected in methacholine‐challenged airways overexpressing SP compared to GFP controls. Pharmacologic inhibition of the NF‐kβ pathway abrogated the effects of overexpression of SP on both MUC5AC and IL10. Collectively, these data suggest that overexpression of SP in the absence of existing inflammation increases MUC5AC via activation of the NF‐kβ pathway. Thus, these data further highlight SP as a key driver of abnormal mucous secretion and underscore NF‐kβ signaling as a pathway of potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sponchiado
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yan-Shin Liao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kalina R Atanasova
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily N Collins
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Veronica Schurmann
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laura Bravo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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23
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Xu J, Livraghi-Butrico A, Hou X, Rajagopalan C, Zhang J, Song J, Jiang H, Wei HG, Wang H, Bouhamdan M, Ruan J, Yang D, Qiu Y, Xie Y, Barrett R, McClellan S, Mou H, Wu Q, Chen X, Rogers TD, Wilkinson KJ, Gilmore RC, Esther CR, Zaman K, Liang X, Sobolic M, Hazlett L, Zhang K, Frizzell RA, Gentzsch M, O'Neal WK, Grubb BR, Chen YE, Boucher RC, Sun F. Phenotypes of CF rabbits generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of the CFTR gene. JCI Insight 2021; 6:139813. [PMID: 33232302 PMCID: PMC7821608 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing animal models of cystic fibrosis (CF) have provided key insights into CF pathogenesis but have been limited by short lifespans, absence of key phenotypes, and/or high maintenance costs. Here, we report the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated generation of CF rabbits, a model with a relatively long lifespan and affordable maintenance and care costs. CF rabbits supplemented solely with oral osmotic laxative had a median survival of approximately 40 days and died of gastrointestinal disease, but therapeutic regimens directed toward restoring gastrointestinal transit extended median survival to approximately 80 days. Surrogate markers of exocrine pancreas disorders were found in CF rabbits with declining health. CFTR expression patterns in WT rabbit airways mimicked humans, with widespread distribution in nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelia, as well as proximal and distal lower airways. CF rabbits exhibited human CF–like abnormalities in the bioelectric properties of the nasal and tracheal epithelia. No spontaneous respiratory disease was detected in young CF rabbits. However, abnormal phenotypes were observed in surviving 1-year-old CF rabbits as compared with WT littermates, and these were especially evident in the nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelium. The CF rabbit model may serve as a useful tool for understanding gut and lung CF pathogenesis and for the practical development of CF therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute
| | | | - Jinxue Ruan
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yining Qiu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, and
| | - Youming Xie
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute
| | - Ronald Barrett
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University (WSU) School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sharon McClellan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University (WSU) School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Hongmei Mou
- Mucosal Immunology & Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Troy D Rogers
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristen J Wilkinson
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rodney C Gilmore
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles R Esther
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Khalequz Zaman
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Research University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiubin Liang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Linda Hazlett
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University (WSU) School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Raymond A Frizzell
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvnia, USA
| | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara R Grubb
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan (UM) Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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24
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Perisse IV, Fan Z, Singina GN, White KL, Polejaeva IA. Improvements in Gene Editing Technology Boost Its Applications in Livestock. Front Genet 2021; 11:614688. [PMID: 33603767 PMCID: PMC7885404 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.614688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated development of novel CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing techniques provides a feasible approach to introduce a variety of precise modifications in the mammalian genome, including introduction of multiple edits simultaneously, efficient insertion of long DNA sequences into specific targeted loci as well as performing nucleotide transitions and transversions. Thus, the CRISPR/Cas9 tool has become the method of choice for introducing genome alterations in livestock species. The list of new CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tools is constantly expanding. Here, we discuss the methods developed to improve efficiency and specificity of gene editing tools as well as approaches that can be employed for gene regulation, base editing, and epigenetic modifications. Additionally, advantages and disadvantages of two primary methods used for the production of gene-edited farm animals: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT or cloning) and zygote manipulations will be discussed. Furthermore, we will review agricultural and biomedical applications of gene editing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Viotti Perisse
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Galina N. Singina
- L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk, Russia
| | - Kenneth L. White
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Irina A. Polejaeva
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
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