1
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Bennett JJR, Stern AD, Zhang X, Birtwistle MR, Pandey G. Low-frequency ERK and Akt activity dynamics are predictive of stochastic cell division events. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:65. [PMID: 38834572 PMCID: PMC11150372 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of intracellular signaling pathways, such as ERK1/2 (ERK) and Akt1/2 (Akt), in the context of cell fate decisions is important for advancing our knowledge of cellular processes and diseases, particularly cancer. While previous studies have established associations between ERK and Akt activities and proliferative cell fate, the heterogeneity of single-cell responses adds complexity to this understanding. This study employed a data-driven approach to address this challenge, developing machine learning models trained on a dataset of growth factor-induced ERK and Akt activity time courses in single cells, to predict cell division events. The most predictive models were developed by applying discrete wavelet transforms (DWTs) to extract low-frequency features from the time courses, followed by using Ensemble Integration, a data integration and predictive modeling framework. The results demonstrated that these models effectively predicted cell division events in MCF10A cells (F-measure=0.524, AUC=0.726). ERK dynamics were found to be more predictive than Akt, but the combination of both measurements further enhanced predictive performance. The ERK model`s performance also generalized to predicting division events in RPE cells, indicating the potential applicability of these models and our data-driven methodology for predicting cell division across different biological contexts. Interpretation of these models suggested that ERK dynamics throughout the cell cycle, rather than immediately after growth factor stimulation, were associated with the likelihood of cell division. Overall, this work contributes insights into the predictive power of intra-cellular signaling dynamics for cell fate decisions, and highlights the potential of machine learning approaches in unraveling complex cellular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J R Bennett
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan D Stern
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
| | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Gagliardi PA, Pertz O. The mitogen-activated protein kinase network, wired to dynamically function at multiple scales. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102368. [PMID: 38754355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling network is a key transducer of signals from various receptors, including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). It controls cell-cycle entry, survival, motility, differentiation, as well as other fates. After four decades of studying this pathway with biochemical methods, the use of fluorescent biosensors has revealed dynamic behaviors such as ERK pulsing, oscillations, and amplitude-modulated activity. Different RTKs equip the MAPK network with specific feedback mechanisms to encode these different ERK dynamics, which are then subsequently decoded into cytoskeletal events and transcriptional programs, actuating cellular fates. Recently, collective ERK wave behaviors have been observed in multiple systems to coordinate cytoskeletal dynamics with fate decisions within cell collectives. This emphasizes that a correct understanding of this pathway requires studying it at multiple scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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3
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Xin T, Gallini S, Wei H, Gonzalez DG, Matte-Martone C, Machida H, Fujiwara H, Pasolli HA, Suozzi KC, Gonzalez LE, Regot S, Greco V. Oncogenic Kras induces spatiotemporally specific tissue deformation through converting pulsatile into sustained ERK activation. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:859-867. [PMID: 38689013 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration and maintenance rely on coordinated stem cell behaviours. This orchestration can be impaired by oncogenic mutations leading to cancer. However, it is largely unclear how oncogenes perturb stem cells' orchestration to disrupt tissue. Here we used intravital imaging to investigate the mechanisms by which oncogenic Kras mutation causes tissue disruption in the hair follicle. Through longitudinally tracking hair follicles in live mice, we found that KrasG12D, a mutation that can lead to squamous cell carcinoma, induces epithelial tissue deformation in a spatiotemporally specific manner, linked with abnormal cell division and migration. Using a reporter mouse capture real-time ERK signal dynamics at the single-cell level, we discovered that KrasG12D, but not a closely related mutation HrasG12V, converts ERK signal in stem cells from pulsatile to sustained. Finally, we demonstrated that interrupting sustained ERK signal reverts KrasG12D-induced tissue deformation through modulating specific features of cell migration and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Xin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Sara Gallini
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haoyang Wei
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David G Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Hiroki Machida
- Laboratory for Tissue Microenvironment, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Laboratory for Tissue Microenvironment, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen C Suozzi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren E Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sergi Regot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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4
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Sinha NK, McKenney C, Yeow ZY, Li JJ, Nam KH, Yaron-Barir TM, Johnson JL, Huntsman EM, Cantley LC, Ordureau A, Regot S, Green R. The ribotoxic stress response drives UV-mediated cell death. Cell 2024:S0092-8674(24)00527-0. [PMID: 38843833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
While ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages DNA, eliciting the DNA damage response (DDR), it also damages RNA, triggering transcriptome-wide ribosomal collisions and eliciting a ribotoxic stress response (RSR). However, the relative contributions, timing, and regulation of these pathways in determining cell fate is unclear. Here we use time-resolved phosphoproteomic, chemical-genetic, single-cell imaging, and biochemical approaches to create a chronological atlas of signaling events activated in cells responding to UV damage. We discover that UV-induced apoptosis is mediated by the RSR kinase ZAK and not through the DDR. We identify two negative-feedback modules that regulate ZAK-mediated apoptosis: (1) GCN2 activation limits ribosomal collisions and attenuates ZAK-mediated RSR and (2) ZAK activity leads to phosphodegron autophosphorylation and its subsequent degradation. These events tune ZAK's activity to collision levels to establish regimes of homeostasis, tolerance, and death, revealing its key role as the cellular sentinel for nucleic acid damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri K Sinha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Connor McKenney
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhong Y Yeow
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ki Hong Nam
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tomer M Yaron-Barir
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jared L Johnson
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emily M Huntsman
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Sergi Regot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Rachel Green
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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5
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McKenney C, Lendner Y, Guerrero Zuniga A, Sinha N, Veresko B, Aikin TJ, Regot S. CDK4/6 activity is required during G 2 arrest to prevent stress-induced endoreplication. Science 2024; 384:eadi2421. [PMID: 38696576 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle events are coordinated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to ensure robust cell division. CDK4/6 and CDK2 regulate the growth 1 (G1) to synthesis (S) phase transition of the cell cycle by responding to mitogen signaling, promoting E2F transcription and inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex. We found that this mechanism was still required in G2-arrested cells to prevent cell cycle exit after the S phase. This mechanism revealed a role for CDK4/6 in maintaining the G2 state, challenging the notion that the cell cycle is irreversible and that cells do not require mitogens after passing the restriction point. Exit from G2 occurred during ribotoxic stress and was actively mediated by stress-activated protein kinases. Upon relief of stress, a significant fraction of cells underwent a second round of DNA replication that led to whole-genome doubling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor McKenney
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yovel Lendner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adler Guerrero Zuniga
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Niladri Sinha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Veresko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy J Aikin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sergi Regot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Guerrero Zuniga A, Aikin TJ, McKenney C, Lendner Y, Phung A, Hook PW, Meltzer A, Timp W, Regot S. Sustained ERK signaling promotes G2 cell cycle exit and primes cells for whole-genome duplication. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00200-4. [PMID: 38640927 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is a frequent event in cancer evolution that fuels chromosomal instability. WGD can result from mitotic errors or endoreduplication, yet the molecular mechanisms that drive WGD remain unclear. Here, we use live single-cell analysis to characterize cell-cycle dynamics upon aberrant Ras-ERK signaling. We find that sustained ERK signaling in human cells leads to reactivation of the APC/C in G2, resulting in tetraploid G0-like cells that are primed for WGD. This process is independent of DNA damage or p53 but dependent on p21. Transcriptomics analysis and live-cell imaging showed that constitutive ERK activity promotes p21 expression, which is necessary and sufficient to inhibit CDK activity and which prematurely activates the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C). Finally, either loss of p53 or reduced ERK signaling allowed for endoreduplication, completing a WGD event. Thus, sustained ERK signaling-induced G2 cell cycle exit represents an alternative path to WGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adler Guerrero Zuniga
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Timothy J Aikin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Connor McKenney
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yovel Lendner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alain Phung
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Paul W Hook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amy Meltzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Winston Timp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sergi Regot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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7
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DeCuzzi NL, Oberbauer DP, Chmiel KJ, Pargett M, Ferguson JM, Murphy D, Zeki AA, Albeck JG. Spatiotemporal Clusters of ERK Activity Coordinate Cytokine-induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.03.578773. [PMID: 38352523 PMCID: PMC10862831 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.03.578773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Spatially coordinated ERK signaling events ("SPREADs") transmit radially from a central point to adjacent cells via secreted ligands for EGFR and other receptors. SPREADs maintain homeostasis in non-pulmonary epithelia, but it is unknown whether they play a role in the airway epithelium or are dysregulated in inflammatory disease. OBJECTIVES (1) To characterize spatiotemporal ERK activity in response to pro-inflammatory ligands, and (2) to assess pharmacological and metabolic regulation of cytokine-mediated SPREADs. METHODS SPREADs were measured by live-cell ERK biosensors in human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBE1 and 16HBE) and primary human bronchial epithelial (pHBE) cells, in both submerged and biphasic Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) culture conditions (i.e., differentiated cells). Cells were exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines relevant to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to pharmacological treatments (gefitinib, tocilizumab, hydrocortisone) and metabolic modulators (insulin, 2-deoxyglucose) to probe the airway epithelial mechanisms of SPREADs. Phospho-STAT3 immunofluorescence was used to measure localized inflammatory responses to IL-6. RESULTS Pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly increased the frequency of SPREADs. Notably, differentiated pHBE cells display increased SPREAD frequency that coincides with airway epithelial barrier breakdown. SPREADs correlate with IL-6 peptide secretion and localized pSTAT3. Hydrocortisone, inhibitors of receptor signaling, and suppression of metabolic function decreased SPREAD occurrence. CONCLUSIONS Pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate SPREADs in human airway epithelial cells via both secreted EGFR and IL6R ligands. SPREADs correlate with changes in epithelial barrier permeability, implying a role for spatiotemporal ERK signaling in barrier homeostasis and dysfunction during inflammation. The involvement of SPREADs in airway inflammation suggests a novel signaling mechanism that could be exploited clinically to supplement corticosteroid treatment for asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholaus L. DeCuzzi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
- School of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Lung Center; University of California, Davis
| | - Daniel P. Oberbauer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Kenneth J. Chmiel
- School of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Lung Center; University of California, Davis
| | - Michael Pargett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Justa M. Ferguson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Devan Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- School of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Lung Center; University of California, Davis
- U. C. Davis Reversible Obstructive Airway Disease (ROAD) Center
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Mather, CA
| | - John G. Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
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8
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Cumming T, Levayer R. Toward a predictive understanding of epithelial cell death. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:44-57. [PMID: 37400292 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cell death is highly prevalent during development and tissue homeostasis. While we have a rather good understanding of the molecular regulators of programmed cell death, especially for apoptosis, we still fail to predict when, where, how many and which specific cells will die in a tissue. This likely relies on the much more complex picture of apoptosis regulation in a tissular and epithelial context, which entails cell autonomous but also non-cell autonomous factors, diverse feedback and multiple layers of regulation of the commitment to apoptosis. In this review, we illustrate this complexity of epithelial apoptosis regulation by describing these different layers of control, all demonstrating that local cell death probability is a complex emerging feature. We first focus on non-cell autonomous factors that can locally modulate the rate of cell death, including cell competition, mechanical input and geometry as well as systemic effects. We then describe the multiple feedback mechanisms generated by cell death itself. We also outline the multiple layers of regulation of epithelial cell death, including the coordination of extrusion and regulation occurring downstream of effector caspases. Eventually, we propose a roadmap to reach a more predictive understanding of cell death regulation in an epithelial context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cumming
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Romain Levayer
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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9
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Ram A, Pargett M, Choi Y, Murphy D, Cabel M, Kosaisawe N, Quon G, Albeck J. Deciphering the History of ERK Activity from Fixed-Cell Immunofluorescence Measurements. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.16.580760. [PMID: 38405841 PMCID: PMC10889026 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.16.580760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The Ras/ERK pathway drives cell proliferation and other oncogenic behaviors, and quantifying its activity in situ is of high interest in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Pathway activation is often assayed by measuring phosphorylated ERK. However, this form of measurement overlooks dynamic aspects of signaling that can only be observed over time. In this study, we combine a live, single-cell ERK biosensor approach with multiplexed immunofluorescence staining of downstream target proteins to ask how well immunostaining captures the dynamic history of ERK activity. Combining linear regression, machine learning, and differential equation models, we develop an interpretive framework for immunostains, in which Fra-1 and pRb levels imply long term activation of ERK signaling, while Egr-1 and c-Myc indicate recent activation. We show that this framework can distinguish different classes of ERK dynamics within a heterogeneous population, providing a tool for annotating ERK dynamics within fixed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhineet Ram
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Michael Pargett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Yongin Choi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Devan Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Markhus Cabel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Nont Kosaisawe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Gerald Quon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - John Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
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10
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Levayer R. Staying away from the breaking point: Probing the limits of epithelial cell elimination. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102316. [PMID: 38199024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are dramatically remodelled during embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis and yet need to maintain their sealing properties to sustain their barrier functions at any time. Part of these remodellings involve the elimination of a large proportion of cells through apoptosis. Cell extrusion, the remodelling steps leading to seamless dying cell expulsion, helps to maintain tissue cohesion. However, there is an intrinsic limit in the system that can only accommodate a certain proportion/rate of cell elimination as well as certain spatiotemporal distributions. What are then the critical conditions leading to epithelial rupture/tear/sealing defects upon cell elimination and which mechanisms ensure that such limits are never reached? In this short review, I document the conditions in which epithelial rupture has been observed, including in the contexts of epithelial cell death, and the mechanical parameters influencing tissue rupture, and review feedback mechanisms which help to keep the epithelia away from the breaking point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Levayer
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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11
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Ram A, Murphy D, DeCuzzi N, Patankar M, Hu J, Pargett M, Albeck JG. A guide to ERK dynamics, part 2: downstream decoding. Biochem J 2023; 480:1909-1928. [PMID: 38038975 PMCID: PMC10754290 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Signaling by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway controls many cellular processes, including cell division, death, and differentiation. In this second installment of a two-part review, we address the question of how the ERK pathway exerts distinct and context-specific effects on multiple processes. We discuss how the dynamics of ERK activity induce selective changes in gene expression programs, with insights from both experiments and computational models. With a focus on single-cell biosensor-based studies, we summarize four major functional modes for ERK signaling in tissues: adjusting the size of cell populations, gradient-based patterning, wave propagation of morphological changes, and diversification of cellular gene expression states. These modes of operation are disrupted in cancer and other related diseases and represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention. By understanding the dynamic mechanisms involved in ERK signaling, there is potential for pharmacological strategies that not only simply inhibit ERK, but also restore functional activity patterns and improve disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhineet Ram
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Devan Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Nicholaus DeCuzzi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Madhura Patankar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jason Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Pargett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - John G. Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
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12
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Ram A, Murphy D, DeCuzzi N, Patankar M, Hu J, Pargett M, Albeck JG. A guide to ERK dynamics, part 1: mechanisms and models. Biochem J 2023; 480:1887-1907. [PMID: 38038974 PMCID: PMC10754288 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has long been studied as a key driver of both essential cellular processes and disease. A persistent question has been how this single pathway is able to direct multiple cell behaviors, including growth, proliferation, and death. Modern biosensor studies have revealed that the temporal pattern of ERK activity is highly variable and heterogeneous, and critically, that these dynamic differences modulate cell fate. This two-part review discusses the current understanding of dynamic activity in the ERK pathway, how it regulates cellular decisions, and how these cell fates lead to tissue regulation and pathology. In part 1, we cover the optogenetic and live-cell imaging technologies that first revealed the dynamic nature of ERK, as well as current challenges in biosensor data analysis. We also discuss advances in mathematical models for the mechanisms of ERK dynamics, including receptor-level regulation, negative feedback, cooperativity, and paracrine signaling. While hurdles still remain, it is clear that higher temporal and spatial resolution provide mechanistic insights into pathway circuitry. Exciting new algorithms and advanced computational tools enable quantitative measurements of single-cell ERK activation, which in turn inform better models of pathway behavior. However, the fact that current models still cannot fully recapitulate the diversity of ERK responses calls for a deeper understanding of network structure and signal transduction in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhineet Ram
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Devan Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Nicholaus DeCuzzi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Madhura Patankar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Jason Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Michael Pargett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
| | - John G. Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, U.S.A
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13
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Jahin I, Phillips T, Marcotti S, Gorey MA, Cox S, Parsons M. Extracellular matrix stiffness activates mechanosensitive signals but limits breast cancer cell spheroid proliferation and invasion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1292775. [PMID: 38125873 PMCID: PMC10731024 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1292775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is characterized by physical changes that occur in the tumor microenvironment throughout growth and metastasis of tumors. Extracellular matrix stiffness increases as tumors develop and spread, with stiffer environments thought to correlate with poorer disease prognosis. Changes in extracellular stiffness and other physical characteristics are sensed by integrins which integrate these extracellular cues to intracellular signaling, resulting in modulation of proliferation and invasion. However, the co-ordination of mechano-sensitive signaling with functional changes to groups of tumor cells within 3-dimensional environments remains poorly understood. Here we provide evidence that increasing the stiffness of collagen scaffolds results in increased activation of ERK1/2 and YAP in human breast cancer cell spheroids. We also show that ERK1/2 acts upstream of YAP activation in this context. We further demonstrate that YAP, matrix metalloproteinases and actomyosin contractility are required for collagen remodeling, proliferation and invasion in lower stiffness scaffolds. However, the increased activation of these proteins in higher stiffness 3-dimensional collagen gels is correlated with reduced proliferation and reduced invasion of cancer cell spheroids. Our data collectively provide evidence that higher stiffness 3-dimensional environments induce mechano-signaling but contrary to evidence from 2-dimensional studies, this is not sufficient to promote pro-tumorigenic effects in breast cancer cell spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Nayak AN, Hirashima T. Tug-of-war via ERK signaling pathway for tissue organization - ERK activation to force generation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102249. [PMID: 37783032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays a crucial role in regulating collective cell behaviors observed in diverse biological phenomena. Emerging studies have shed light on the involvement of the ERK signaling pathway in the reception and generation of mechanical forces, thereby governing local mechanical interactions within multicellular tissues. Although limited in number, studies have provided insights into how ERK-mediated mechanical interactions contribute to multicellular organization. Here we explore the impact of ERK-mediated mechanical interactions on tissue morphogenesis, cell extrusion in homeostasis, and their interplay with the physical microenvironments of the extracellular matrix. We conclude that the coupling system of ERK activity with mechanical forces offers a promising avenue to unravel the emergent collective dynamics underlying tissue organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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15
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Dufourcq Sekatcheff E, Godon C, Bailly A, Quevarec L, Camilleri V, Galas S, Frelon S. Two distinct mechanisms lead to either oocyte or spermatocyte decrease in C. elegans after whole developmental exposure to γ-rays. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294766. [PMID: 38011087 PMCID: PMC10681227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife is subject to various sources of pollution, including ionizing radiation. Adverse effects can impact the survival, growth, or reproduction of organisms, later affecting population dynamics. In invertebrates, reproduction, which directly impacts population dynamics, has been found to be the most radiosensitive endpoint. Understanding the underlying molecular pathways inducing this reproduction decrease can help to comprehend species-specific differences in radiosensitivity. From our previous studies, we found that decrease in reproduction is life stage dependent in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, possibly resulting from an accumulation of damages during germ cell development and gamete differentiation. To go further, we used the same experimental design to assess more precisely the molecular determinants of reproductive toxicity, primarily decreases in gamete number. As before, worms were chronically exposed to 50 mGy·h-1 external gamma ionizing radiation throughout different developmental periods (namely embryogenesis, gametogenesis, and full development). To enable cross species extrapolation, conserved molecular pathways across invertebrates and vertebrates were analysed: apoptosis and MAP kinase Ras/ERK (MPK-1), both involved in reproduction and stress responses. Our results showed that these pathways are life-stage dependent, resulting from an accumulation of damages upon chronic exposure to IR throughout the life development. The Ras/ERK pathway was activated in our conditions in the pachytene region of the gonad where it regulates cell fate including apoptosis, but not in the ovulation zone, where it controls oocyte maturation and ovulation. Additionally, assessment of germ cell proliferation via Ras/ERK pathway showed no effect. Finally, a functional analysis of apoptosis revealed that while the decrease of the ovulation rate is caused by DNA-damaged induced apoptosis, this process does not occur in spermatocytes. Thus, sperm decrease seems to be mediated via another mechanism, probably a decrease in germ cell proliferation speed that needs further investigation to better characterize sex-specific responses to IR exposure. These results are of main importance to describe radio-induced reprotoxic effects and contribute as weight of evidence for the AOP #396 "Deposition of ionizing energy leads to population decline via impaired meiosis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dufourcq Sekatcheff
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, F-13115, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Christian Godon
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, Aix Marseille University, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, CEA Cadarache, 13108, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Aymeric Bailly
- CRBM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, UMR5237, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Loïc Quevarec
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, F-13115, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Virginie Camilleri
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, F-13115, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Simon Galas
- CNRS, ENSCM, IBMM Université de Montpellier, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Frelon
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, F-13115, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
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16
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Xue T, Fei S, Gu J, Li N, Zhang P, Liu X, Thompson PR, Zhang X. Inhibiting MEK1 R189 citrullination enhances the chemosensitivity of docetaxel to multiple tumour cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220246. [PMID: 37778380 PMCID: PMC10542448 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is still a big challenge for cancer patients. We previously demonstrated that inhibiting peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PADI2) enzyme activity with Cl-amine increases the efficacy of docetaxel (Doc) on tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells with PADI2 expression. However, it is not clear whether this effect applies to other tumour cells. Here, we collected four types of tumour cells with different PADIs expression and fully evaluated the inhibitory effect of the combination of PADIs inhibitor (BB-Cla) and Doc in vitro and in vivo on tumour cell growth. Results show that inhibiting PADIs combined with Doc additively inhibits tumour cell growth across the four tumour cells. PADI2-catalysed citrullination of MEK1 Arg 189 exists in the four tumour cells, and blocking the function of MEK1 Cit189 promotes the anti-tumour effect of Doc in these tumour cells. Further analysis shows that inhibiting MEK1 Cit189 decreases the expression of cancer cell stemness factors and helps prevent cancer cell stemness maintenance. Importantly, this combined treatment can partially restore the sensitivity of chemotherapy-resistant cells to docetaxel or cisplatin in tumour cells. Thus, our study provides an experimental basis for the combined therapeutic approaches using docetaxel- and PADIs inhibitors-based strategies in tumour treatment. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'The virtues and vices of protein citrullination'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Xue
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujia Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Xuesen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
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17
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Crozet F, Levayer R. Emerging roles and mechanisms of ERK pathway mechanosensing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:355. [PMID: 37947896 PMCID: PMC10638131 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between mechanical forces and modulation of cell signalling pathways is essential for tissue plasticity and their adaptation to changing environments. Whilst the number of physiological and pathological relevant roles of mechanotransduction has been rapidly expanding over the last decade, studies have been mostly focussing on a limited number of mechanosensitive pathways, which include for instance Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathway, Wnt/β-catenin or the stretch-activated channel Piezo. However, the recent development and spreading of new live sensors has provided new insights into the contribution of ERK pathway in mechanosensing in various systems, which emerges now as a fast and modular mechanosensitive pathway. In this review, we will document key in vivo and in vitro examples that have established a clear link between cell deformation, mechanical stress and modulation of ERK signalling, comparing the relevant timescale and mechanical stress. We will then discuss different molecular mechanisms that have been proposed so far, focussing on the epistatic link between mechanics and ERK and discussing the relevant cellular parameters affecting ERK signalling. We will finish by discussing the physiological and the pathological consequences of the link between ERK and mechanics, outlining how this interplay is instrumental for self-organisation and long-range cell-cell coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Crozet
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Romain Levayer
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 Rue du Dr. Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
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18
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Gagliardi PA, Grädel B, Jacques MA, Hinderling L, Ender P, Cohen AR, Kastberger G, Pertz O, Dobrzyński M. Automatic detection of spatio-temporal signaling patterns in cell collectives. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202207048. [PMID: 37516918 PMCID: PMC10374943 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202207048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing experimental evidence points to the physiological importance of space-time correlations in signaling of cell collectives. From wound healing to epithelial homeostasis to morphogenesis, coordinated activation of biomolecules between cells allows the collectives to perform more complex tasks and to better tackle environmental challenges. To capture this information exchange and to advance new theories of emergent phenomena, we created ARCOS, a computational method to detect and quantify collective signaling. We demonstrate ARCOS on cell and organism collectives with space-time correlations on different scales in 2D and 3D. We made a new observation that oncogenic mutations in the MAPK/ERK and PIK3CA/Akt pathways of MCF10A epithelial cells hyperstimulate intercellular ERK activity waves that are largely dependent on matrix metalloproteinase intercellular signaling. ARCOS is open-source and available as R and Python packages. It also includes a plugin for the napari image viewer to interactively quantify collective phenomena without prior programming experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Grädel
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Antoine Jacques
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lucien Hinderling
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ender
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew R. Cohen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Fort L. Messenger functions of cell death during development and homeostasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:759-769. [PMID: 37021685 PMCID: PMC11149382 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
In our human society, would you not want to know if your neighbor suddenly passed away? Tissues and cells are not that different. Cell death is an inevitable part of tissue homeostasis and comes in different flavors that can either be a consequence of an injury or a regulated phenomenon (such as programed cell death). Historically, cell death was viewed as a way to discard cells, without functional consequences. Today, this view has evolved and recognizes an extra layer of complexity: dying cells can provide physical or chemical signals to notify their neighbors. Like any type of communication, signals can only be read if surrounding tissues have evolved to recognize them and functionally adapt. This short review aims to provide a summary of recent work interrogating the messenger functions and consequences of cell death in various model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Fort
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, U.S.A
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20
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Yoshida K, Hayashi S. Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling protects epithelia from morphogenetic instability and tissue damage in Drosophila. Development 2023; 150:297057. [PMID: 36897356 PMCID: PMC10108703 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Dying cells in the epithelia communicate with neighboring cells to initiate coordinated cell removal to maintain epithelial integrity. Naturally occurring apoptotic cells are mostly extruded basally and engulfed by macrophages. Here, we have investigated the role of Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) signaling in the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis. In Drosophila embryos, epithelial tissues undergoing groove formation preferentially enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. In EGFR mutant embryos at stage 11, sporadic apical cell extrusion in the head initiates a cascade of apical extrusions of apoptotic and non-apoptotic cells that sweeps the entire ventral body wall. Here, we show that this process is apoptosis dependent, and clustered apoptosis, groove formation, and wounding sensitize EGFR mutant epithelia to initiate massive tissue disintegration. We further show that tissue detachment from the vitelline membrane, which frequently occurs during morphogenetic processes, is a key trigger for the EGFR mutant phenotype. These findings indicate that, in addition to cell survival, EGFR plays a role in maintaining epithelial integrity, which is essential for protecting tissues from transient instability caused by morphogenetic movement and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yoshida
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8051, Japan
| | - Shigeo Hayashi
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8051, Japan
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21
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Peterson AF, Ingram K, Huang EJ, Parksong J, McKenney C, Bever GS, Regot S. Systematic analysis of the MAPK signaling network reveals MAP3K-driven control of cell fate. Cell Syst 2022; 13:885-894.e4. [PMID: 36356576 PMCID: PMC9923805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The classic network of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) is highly interconnected and controls a diverse array of biological processes. In multicellular eukaryotes, the MAPKs ERK, JNK, and p38 control opposing cell behaviors but are often activated simultaneously, raising questions about how input-output specificity is achieved. Here, we use multiplexed MAPK activity biosensors to investigate how cell fate control emerges from the connectivity and dynamics of the MAPK network. Through chemical and genetic perturbation, we systematically explore the outputs and functions of all the MAP3 kinases encoded in the human genome and show that MAP3Ks control cell fate by triggering unique combinations of MAPK activity. We show that these MAPK activity combinations explain the paradoxical dual role of JNK signaling as pro-apoptotic or pro-proliferative kinase. Overall, our integrative analysis indicates that the MAPK network operates as a unit to control cell fate and shifts the focus from MAPKs to MAP3Ks to better understand signaling-mediated control of cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kayla Ingram
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E J Huang
- Center for Functional Anatomy & Evolution, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeeun Parksong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Connor McKenney
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriel S Bever
- Center for Functional Anatomy & Evolution, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sergi Regot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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22
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Ender P, Gagliardi PA, Dobrzyński M, Frismantiene A, Dessauges C, Höhener T, Jacques MA, Cohen AR, Pertz O. Spatiotemporal control of ERK pulse frequency coordinates fate decisions during mammary acinar morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2153-2167.e6. [PMID: 36113484 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The signaling events controlling proliferation, survival, and apoptosis during mammary epithelial acinar morphogenesis remain poorly characterized. By imaging single-cell ERK activity dynamics in MCF10A acini, we find that these fates depend on the average frequency of non-periodic ERK pulses. High pulse frequency is observed during initial acinus growth, correlating with rapid cell motility and proliferation. Subsequent decrease in motility correlates with lower ERK pulse frequency and quiescence. Later, during lumen formation, coordinated multicellular ERK waves emerge, correlating with high and low ERK pulse frequencies in outer surviving and inner dying cells, respectively. Optogenetic entrainment of ERK pulses causally connects high ERK pulse frequency with inner cell survival. Acini harboring the PIK3CA H1047R mutation display increased ERK pulse frequency and inner cell survival. Thus, fate decisions during acinar morphogenesis are coordinated by different spatiotemporal modalities of ERK pulse frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Ender
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Agne Frismantiene
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Dessauges
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Höhener
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Antoine Jacques
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew R Cohen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3120-40 Market Street, Suite 313, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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23
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Pond KW, Morris JM, Alkhimenok O, Varghese RP, Cabel CR, Ellis NA, Chakrabarti J, Zavros Y, Merchant JL, Thorne CA, Paek AL. Live-cell imaging in human colonic monolayers reveals ERK waves limit the stem cell compartment to maintain epithelial homeostasis. eLife 2022; 11:e78837. [PMID: 36094159 PMCID: PMC9499537 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of different cellular compartments in tissues is a universal requirement across all metazoans. Maintaining the correct ratio of cell types in time and space allows tissues to form patterned compartments and perform complex functions. Patterning is especially evident in the human colon, where tissue homeostasis is maintained by stem cells in crypt structures that balance proliferation and differentiation. Here, we developed a human 2D patient derived organoid screening platform to study tissue patterning and kinase pathway dynamics in single cells. Using this system, we discovered that waves of ERK signaling induced by apoptotic cells play a critical role in maintaining tissue patterning and homeostasis. If ERK is activated acutely across all cells instead of in wave-like patterns, then tissue patterning and stem cells are lost. Conversely, if ERK activity is inhibited, then stem cells become unrestricted and expand dramatically. This work demonstrates that the colonic epithelium requires coordinated ERK signaling dynamics to maintain patterning and tissue homeostasis. Our work reveals how ERK can antagonize stem cells while supporting cell replacement and the function of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin W Pond
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucsonUnited States
| | - Julia M Morris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Olga Alkhimenok
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Reeba P Varghese
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Carly R Cabel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Nathan A Ellis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucsonUnited States
| | - Jayati Chakrabarti
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Yana Zavros
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucsonUnited States
| | | | - Curtis A Thorne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- University of Arizona Cancer CenterTucsonUnited States
| | - Andrew L Paek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
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24
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Krause HB, Karls AL, McClean MN, Kreeger PK. Cellular context alters EGF-induced ERK dynamics and reveals potential crosstalk with GDF-15. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:054104. [PMID: 36217350 PMCID: PMC9547670 DOI: 10.1063/5.0114334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellular signaling dynamics are sensitive to differences in ligand identity, levels, and temporal patterns. These signaling patterns are also impacted by the larger context that the cell experiences (i.e., stimuli such as media formulation or substrate stiffness that are constant in an experiment exploring a particular variable but may differ between independent experiments which explore that variable) although the reason for different dynamics is not always obvious. Here, we compared extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in response to epidermal growth factor treatment of human mammary epithelial cells cultures in either well culture or a microfluidic device. Using a single-cell ERK kinase translocation reporter, we observed extended ERK activation in well culture and only transient activity in microfluidic culture. The activity in microfluidic culture resembled that of the control condition, suggesting that shear stress led to the early activity and a loss of autocrine factors dampened extended signaling. Through experimental analysis we identified growth differentiation factor-15 as a candidate factor that led to extended ERK activation through a protein kinase C-α/β dependent pathway. Our results demonstrate that context impacts ERK dynamics and that comparison of distinct contexts can be used to elucidate new aspects of the cell signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harris B. Krause
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Alexis L. Karls
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - Pamela K. Kreeger
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Telephone: 608-890-2915
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25
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LITOS: a versatile LED illumination tool for optogenetic stimulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13139. [PMID: 35907941 PMCID: PMC9338960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics has become a key tool to manipulate biological processes with high spatio-temporal resolution. Recently, a number of commercial and open-source multi-well illumination devices have been developed to provide throughput in optogenetics experiments. However, available commercial devices remain expensive and lack flexibility, while open-source solutions require programming knowledge and/or include complex assembly processes. We present a LED Illumination Tool for Optogenetic Stimulation (LITOS) based on an assembled printed circuit board controlling a commercially available 32 × 64 LED matrix as illumination source. LITOS can be quickly assembled without any soldering, and includes an easy-to-use interface, accessible via a website hosted on the device itself. Complex light stimulation patterns can easily be programmed without coding expertise. LITOS can be used with different formats of multi-well plates, petri dishes, and flasks. We validated LITOS by measuring the activity of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in response to different dynamic light stimulation regimes using FGFR1 and Raf optogenetic actuators. LITOS can uniformly stimulate all the cells in a well and allows for flexible temporal stimulation schemes. LITOS’s affordability and ease of use aims at democratizing optogenetics in any laboratory.
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26
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Identification of cell type-specific correlations between ERK activity and cell viability upon treatment with ERK1/2 inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102226. [PMID: 35787369 PMCID: PMC9358475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased MAPK signaling is a hallmark of various cancers and is a central regulator of cell survival. Direct ERK1/2 inhibition is considered a promising approach to avoid ERK1/2 reactivation caused by upstream kinases BRAF, MEK1/2, and KRAS, as well as by receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but the dynamics and selectivity of ERK1/2 inhibitors are much less studied compared with BRAF or MEK inhibitors. Using ERK1/2 and downstream kinase ELK1 reporter cell lines of lung cancer (H1299; NRASQ61K), colon cancer (HCT-116; KRASG13D), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), and leukemia (U937), we examined the relationship between ERK inhibition and drug-induced toxicity for five ERK inhibitors: SCH772984, ravoxertinib, LY3214996, ulixertinib, and VX-11e, as well as one MEK inhibitor, PD0325901. Comparing cell viability and ERK inhibition revealed different ERK dependencies for these cell lines. We identify several drugs, such as SCH772984 and VX-11e, which induce excessive toxicity not directly related to ERK1/2 inhibition in specific cell lines. We also show that PD0325901, LY3214996, and ulixertinib are prone to ERK1/2 reactivation over time. We distinguished two types of ERK1/2 reactivation: the first could be reversed by adding a fresh dose of inhibitors, while the second persists even after additional treatments. We also showed that cells that became resistant to the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD0325901 due to ERK1/2 reactivation remained sensitive to ERK1/2 inhibitor ulixertinib. Our data indicate that correlation of ERK inhibition with drug-induced toxicity in multiple cell lines may help to find more selective and effective ERK1/2 inhibitors.
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27
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Towards 'end-to-end' analysis and understanding of biological timecourse data. Biochem J 2022; 479:1257-1263. [PMID: 35713413 PMCID: PMC9246344 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Petabytes of increasingly complex and multidimensional live cell and tissue imaging data are generated every year. These videos hold large promise for understanding biology at a deep and fundamental level, as they capture single-cell and multicellular events occurring over time and space. However, the current modalities for analysis and mining of these data are scattered and user-specific, preventing more unified analyses from being performed over different datasets and obscuring possible scientific insights. Here, we propose a unified pipeline for storage, segmentation, analysis, and statistical parametrization of live cell imaging datasets.
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28
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Molecular sensors for detection of tumor-stroma crosstalk. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 154:47-91. [PMID: 35459472 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In most solid tumors, malignant cells coexist with non-cancerous host tissue comprised of a variety of extracellular matrix components and cell types, notably fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. It is becoming increasingly evident that the non-cancerous host tissue, often referred to as the tumor stroma or the tumor microenvironment, wields tremendous influence in the proliferation, survival, and metastatic ability of cancer cells. The tumor stroma has an active biological role in the transmission of signals, such as growth factors and chemokines that activate oncogenic signaling pathways by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Moreover, the constituents of the stroma define the mechanical properties and the physical features of solid tumors, which influence cancer progression and response to therapy. Inspired by the emerging importance of tumor-stroma crosstalk and oncogenic physical forces, numerous biosensors, or advanced imaging and analysis techniques have been developed and applied to investigate complex and challenging questions in cancer research. These techniques facilitate measurements and biological readouts at scales ranging from subcellular to tissue-level with unprecedented level of spatial and temporal precision. Here we examine the application of biosensor technology for studying the complex and dynamic multiscale interactions of the tumor-host system.
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29
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Fowler JC, Jones PH. Somatic mutation: What shapes the mutational landscape of normal epithelia? Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1642-1655. [PMID: 35397477 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial stem cells accumulate mutations throughout life. Some of these mutants increase competitive fitness and may form clones that colonize the stem cell niche and persist to acquire further genome alterations. After a transient expansion, mutant stem cells must revert to homeostatic behavior so normal tissue architecture is maintained. Some positively selected mutants may promote cancer development while others inhibit carcinogenesis. Factors that shape the mutational landscape include wild type and mutant stem cell dynamics, competition for the niche, and environmental exposures. Understanding these processes may give new insight into the basis of cancer risk and opportunities for cancer prevention.
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30
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Mori Y, Shiratsuchi N, Sato N, Chaya A, Tanimura N, Ishikawa S, Kato M, Kameda I, Kon S, Haraoka Y, Ishitani T, Fujita Y. Extracellular ATP facilitates cell extrusion from epithelial layers mediated by cell competition or apoptosis. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2144-2159.e5. [PMID: 35417667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis, various aberrant or dysfunctional cells are actively eliminated from epithelial layers. This cell extrusion process mainly falls into two modes: cell-competition-mediated extrusion and apoptotic extrusion. However, it is not clearly understood whether and how these processes are governed by common molecular mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrate that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are elevated within a wide range of epithelial layers around extruding transformed or apoptotic cells. The downregulation of ROS suppresses the extrusion process. Furthermore, ATP is extracellularly secreted from extruding cells, which promotes the ROS level and cell extrusion. Moreover, the extracellular ATP and ROS pathways positively regulate the polarized movements of surrounding cells toward extruding cells in both cell-competition-mediated and apoptotic extrusion. Hence, extracellular ATP acts as an "extrude me" signal and plays a prevalent role in cell extrusion, thereby sustaining epithelial homeostasis and preventing pathological conditions or disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mori
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Naoka Shiratsuchi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nanami Sato
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Azusa Chaya
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanimura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Mugihiko Kato
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ikumi Kameda
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kon
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yukinari Haraoka
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto-city, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.
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31
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Valls PO, Esposito A. Signalling dynamics, cell decisions, and homeostatic control in health and disease. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 75:102066. [PMID: 35245783 PMCID: PMC9097822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell signalling engenders cells with the capability to receive and process information from the intracellular and extracellular environments, trigger and execute biological responses, and communicate with each other. Ultimately, cell signalling is responsible for maintaining homeostasis at the cellular, tissue and systemic level. For this reason, cell signalling is a topic of intense research efforts aimed to elucidate how cells coordinate transitions between states in developing and adult organisms in physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we review current knowledge of how cell signalling operates at multiple spatial and temporal scales, focusing on how single-cell analytical techniques reveal mechanisms underpinning cell-to-cell variability, signalling plasticity, and collective cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Oriol Valls
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Esposito
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom; Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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32
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Fonseca JP, Aslankoohi E, Ng AH, Chevalier M. Analysis of localized cAMP perturbations within a tissue reveal the effects of a local, dynamic gap junction state on ERK signaling. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009873. [PMID: 35353814 PMCID: PMC9000136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond natural stimuli such as growth factors and stresses, the ability to experimentally modulate at will the levels or activity of specific intracellular signaling molecule(s) in specified cells within a tissue can be a powerful tool for uncovering new regulation and tissue behaviors. Here we perturb the levels of cAMP within specific cells of an epithelial monolayer to probe the time-dynamic behavior of cell-cell communication protocols implemented by the cAMP/PKA pathway and its coupling to the ERK pathway. The time-dependent ERK responses we observe in the perturbed cells for spatially uniform cAMP perturbations (all cells) can be very different from those due to spatially localized perturbations (a few cells). Through a combination of pharmacological and genetic perturbations, signal analysis, and computational modeling, we infer how intracellular regulation and regulated cell-cell coupling each impact the intracellular ERK response in single cells. Our approach reveals how a dynamic gap junction state helps sculpt the intracellular ERK response over time in locally perturbed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Aslankoohi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew H. Ng
- Outpace Bio, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Chevalier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Samson SC, Khan AM, Mendoza MC. ERK signaling for cell migration and invasion. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:998475. [PMID: 36262472 PMCID: PMC9573968 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.998475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS - Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (RAS-ERK) pathway plays a conserved role in promoting cell migration and invasion. Growth factors, adhesion, and oncogenes activate ERK. While historically studied with respect to its control of cell proliferation and differentiation, the signaling pattern and effectors specific for cell migration are now coming to light. New advances in pathway probes have revealed how steady-state ERK activity fluctuates within individual cells and propagates to neighboring cells. We review new findings on the different modes of ERK pathway stimulation and how an increased baseline level of activity promotes single cell and collective migration and invasion. We discuss how ERK drives actin polymerization and adhesion turnover for edge protrusion and how cell contraction stimulates cell movement and ERK activity waves in epithelial sheets. With the steady development of new biosensors for monitoring spatial and temporal ERK activity, determining how cells individually interpret the multiple in vivo signals to ERK is within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiela C Samson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Akib M Khan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Michelle C Mendoza
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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34
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Substratum stiffness regulates Erk signaling dynamics through receptor-level control. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110181. [PMID: 34965432 PMCID: PMC8756379 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The EGFR/Erk pathway is triggered by extracellular ligand stimulation, leading to stimulus-dependent dynamics of pathway activity. Although mechanical properties of the microenvironment also affect Erk activity, their effects on Erk signaling dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we characterize how the stiffness of the underlying substratum affects Erk signaling dynamics in mammary epithelial cells. We find that soft microenvironments attenuate Erk signaling, both at steady state and in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Optogenetic manipulation at multiple signaling nodes reveals that intracellular signal transmission is largely unaffected by substratum stiffness. Instead, we find that soft microenvironments decrease EGF receptor (EGFR) expression and alter the amount and spatial distribution of EGF binding at cell membranes. Our data demonstrate that the mechanical microenvironment tunes Erk signaling dynamics via receptor-ligand interactions, underscoring how multiple microenvironmental signals are jointly processed through a highly conserved pathway that regulates tissue development, homeostasis, and disease progression.
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35
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Somorjai IML, Ehebauer MT, Escrivà H, Garcia-Fernàndez J. JNK Mediates Differentiation, Cell Polarity and Apoptosis During Amphioxus Development by Regulating Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics and ERK Signalling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749806. [PMID: 34778260 PMCID: PMC8586503 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a multi-functional protein involved in a diverse array of context-dependent processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, adhesion, and differentiation. It is integral to several signalling cascades, notably downstream of non-canonical Wnt and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. As such, it is a key regulator of cellular behaviour and patterning during embryonic development across the animal kingdom. The cephalochordate amphioxus is an invertebrate chordate model system straddling the invertebrate to vertebrate transition and is thus ideally suited for comparative studies of morphogenesis. However, next to nothing is known about JNK signalling or cellular processes in this lineage. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK signalling using SP600125 during embryonic development arrests gastrula invagination and causes convergence extension-like defects in axial elongation, particularly of the notochord. Pharynx formation and anterior oral mesoderm derivatives like the preoral pit are also affected. This is accompanied by tissue-specific transcriptional changes, including reduced expression of six3/6 and wnt2 in the notochord, and ectopic wnt11 in neurulating embryos treated at late gastrula stages. Cellular delamination results in accumulation of cells in the gut cavity and a dorsal fin-like protrusion, followed by secondary Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis of polarity-deficient cells, a phenotype only partly rescued by co-culture with the pan-Caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk. Ectopic activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signalling in the neighbours of extruded notochord and neural cells, possibly due to altered adhesive and tensile properties, as well as defects in cellular migration, may explain some phenotypes caused by JNK inhibition. Overall, this study supports conserved functions of JNK signalling in mediating the complex balance between cell survival, apoptosis, differentiation, and cell fate specification during cephalochordate morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko M L Somorjai
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.,Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Hector Escrivà
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jordi Garcia-Fernàndez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Lebedev T, Vagapova E, Spirin P, Rubtsov P, Astashkova O, Mikheeva A, Sorokin M, Vladimirova U, Suntsova M, Konovalov D, Roumiantsev A, Stocking C, Buzdin A, Prassolov V. Growth factor signaling predicts therapy resistance mechanisms and defines neuroblastoma subtypes. Oncogene 2021; 40:6258-6272. [PMID: 34556815 PMCID: PMC8566230 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) has a low frequency of recurrent mutations compared to other cancers, which hinders the development of targeted therapies and novel risk stratification strategies. Multikinase inhibitors have shown potential in treating high-risk NB, but their efficacy is likely impaired by the cancer cells' ability to adapt to these drugs through the employment of alternative signaling pathways. Based on the expression of 48 growth factor-related genes in 1189 NB tumors, we have developed a model for NB patient survival prediction. This model discriminates between stage 4 NB tumors with favorable outcomes (>80% overall survival) and very poor outcomes (<10%) independently from MYCN-amplification status. Using signaling pathway analysis and gene set enrichment methods in 60 NB patients with known therapy response, we identified signaling pathways, including EPO, NGF, and HGF, upregulated in patients with no or partial response. In a therapeutic setting, we showed that among six selected growth factors, EPO, and NGF showed the most pronounced protective effects in vitro against several promising anti-NB multikinase inhibitors: imatinib, dasatinib, crizotinib, cabozantinib, and axitinib. Mechanistically kinase inhibitors potentiated NB cells to stronger ERK activation by EPO and NGF. The protective action of these growth factors strongly correlated with ERK activation and was ERK-dependent. ERK inhibitors combined with anticancer drugs, especially with dasatinib, showed a synergistic effect on NB cell death. Consideration of growth factor signaling activity benefits NB outcome prediction and tailoring therapy regimens to treat NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey Lebedev
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elmira Vagapova
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Spirin
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr Rubtsov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Astashkova
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alesya Mikheeva
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Maxim Sorokin
- Group for Genomic Regulation of Cell Signaling Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Networks, OmicsWay Corporation, Walnut, CA, USA
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Uliana Vladimirova
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Suntsova
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Konovalov
- D. Rogachyov Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Roumiantsev
- D. Rogachyov Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Carol Stocking
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow Region, Russia
- Group for Genomic Regulation of Cell Signaling Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Networks, OmicsWay Corporation, Walnut, CA, USA
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Prassolov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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37
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Lin S, Hirayama D, Maryu G, Matsuda K, Hino N, Deguchi E, Aoki K, Iwamoto R, Terai K, Matsuda M. Redundant roles of EGFR ligands in the ERK activation waves during collective cell migration. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 5:5/1/e202101206. [PMID: 34667080 PMCID: PMC8548211 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
By knocking out all four EGFR ligands expressed in MDCK cells, this study shows the redundant and specific roles of each EGFR ligand in the ERK activation waves during collective cell migration. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in collective cell migration by mediating cell-to-cell propagation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Here, we aimed to determine which EGFR ligands mediate the ERK activation waves. We found that epidermal growth factor (EGF)–deficient cells exhibited lower basal ERK activity than the cells deficient in heparin-binding EGF (HBEGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) or epiregulin (EREG), but all cell lines deficient in a single EGFR ligand retained the ERK activation waves. Surprisingly, ERK activation waves were markedly suppressed, albeit incompletely, only when all four EGFR ligands were knocked out. Re-expression of the EGFR ligands revealed that all but HBEGF could restore the ERK activation waves. Aiming at complete elimination of the ERK activation waves, we further attempted to knockout NRG1, a ligand for ErbB3 and ErbB4, and found that NRG1-deficiency induced growth arrest in the absence of all four EGFR ligand genes. Collectively, these results showed that EGFR ligands exhibit remarkable redundancy in the propagation of ERK activation waves during collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Lin
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daiki Hirayama
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gembu Maryu
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kimiya Matsuda
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Hino
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eriko Deguchi
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Iwamoto
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenta Terai
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan .,Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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38
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Villars A, Levayer R. Collective effects in epithelial cell death and cell extrusion. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 72:8-14. [PMID: 34626896 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death, notably apoptosis, is an essential guardian of tissue homeostasis and an active contributor of organ shaping. While the regulation of apoptosis has been mostly analysed in the framework of a cell autonomous process, recent works highlighted important collective effects which can tune cell elimination. This is particularly relevant for epithelial cell death, which requires fine coordination with the neighbours in order to maintain tissue sealing during cell expulsion. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances which outline the complex multicellular communications at play during epithelial cell death and cell extrusion. We will first focus on the new unanticipated functions of neighbouring cells during extrusion, discuss the contribution of distant neighbours, and finally highlight the complex feedbacks generated by cell elimination on neighbouring cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Villars
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3738, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Romain Levayer
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3738, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, F-75015 Paris, France.
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39
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Saba JA, Liakath-Ali K, Green R, Watt FM. Translational control of stem cell function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:671-690. [PMID: 34272502 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate into many different cell types. Research has focused primarily on how these processes are regulated at a transcriptional level. However, recent studies have indicated that stem cell behaviour is strongly coupled to the regulation of protein synthesis by the ribosome. In this Review, we discuss how different translation mechanisms control the function of adult and embryonic stem cells. Stem cells are characterized by low global translation rates despite high levels of ribosome biogenesis. The maintenance of pluripotency, the commitment to a specific cell fate and the switch to cell differentiation depend on the tight regulation of protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis. Translation regulatory mechanisms that impact on stem cell function include mTOR signalling, ribosome levels, and mRNA and tRNA features and amounts. Understanding these mechanisms important for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation may also guide our understanding of cancer grade and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Saba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kifayathullah Liakath-Ali
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Green
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Fiona M Watt
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
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40
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Zulueta-Coarasa T, Rosenblatt J. The role of tissue maturity and mechanical state in controlling cell extrusion. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 72:1-7. [PMID: 34560388 PMCID: PMC8860846 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia remove dying or excess cells by extrusion, a process that seamlessly squeezes cells out of the layer without disrupting their barrier function. New studies shed light into the intricate relationship between extrusion, tissue mechanics, and development. They emphasize the importance of whole tissue-mechanics, rather than single cell-mechanics in controlling extrusion. Tissue compaction, stiffness, and cell-cell adhesion can impact the efficiency of cell extrusion and mechanisms that drive it, to adapt to different conditions during development or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zulueta-Coarasa
- The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Schools of Basic & Medical Biosciences and Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Schools of Basic & Medical Biosciences and Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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41
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Beitz AM, Oakes CG, Galloway KE. Synthetic gene circuits as tools for drug discovery. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:210-225. [PMID: 34364685 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Within mammalian systems, there exists enormous opportunity to use synthetic gene circuits to enhance phenotype-based drug discovery, to map the molecular origins of disease, and to validate therapeutics in complex cellular systems. While drug discovery has relied on marker staining and high-content imaging in cell-based assays, synthetic gene circuits expand the potential for precision and speed. Here we present a vision of how circuits can improve the speed and accuracy of drug discovery by enhancing the efficiency of hit triage, capturing disease-relevant dynamics in cell-based assays, and simplifying validation and readouts from organoids and microphysiological systems (MPS). By tracking events and cellular states across multiple length and time scales, circuits will transform how we decipher the causal link between molecular events and phenotypes to improve the selectivity and sensitivity of cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Beitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Conrad G Oakes
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kate E Galloway
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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42
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Nakamura A, Goto Y, Kondo Y, Aoki K. Shedding light on developmental ERK signaling with genetically encoded biosensors. Development 2021; 148:271153. [PMID: 34338283 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway governs cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and therefore plays key roles in various developmental and regenerative processes. Recent advances in genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors have unveiled hitherto unrecognized ERK activation dynamics in space and time and their functional importance mainly in cultured cells. However, ERK dynamics during embryonic development have still only been visualized in limited numbers of model organisms, and we are far from a sufficient understanding of the roles played by developmental ERK dynamics. In this Review, we first provide an overview of the biosensors used for visualization of ERK activity in live cells. Second, we highlight the applications of the biosensors to developmental studies of model organisms and discuss the current understanding of how ERK dynamics are encoded and decoded for cell fate decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nakamura
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yuhei Goto
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,IRCC International Research Collaboration Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 4-3-13 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
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43
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Valon L, Davidović A, Levillayer F, Villars A, Chouly M, Cerqueira-Campos F, Levayer R. Robustness of epithelial sealing is an emerging property of local ERK feedback driven by cell elimination. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1700-1711.e8. [PMID: 34081909 PMCID: PMC8221813 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
What regulates the spatiotemporal distribution of cell elimination in tissues remains largely unknown. This is particularly relevant for epithelia with high rates of cell elimination where simultaneous death of neighboring cells could impair epithelial sealing. Here, using the Drosophila pupal notum (a single-layer epithelium) and a new optogenetic tool to trigger caspase activation and cell extrusion, we first showed that death of clusters of at least three cells impaired epithelial sealing; yet, such clusters were almost never observed in vivo. Accordingly, statistical analysis and simulations of cell death distribution highlighted a transient and local protective phase occurring near every cell death. This protection is driven by a transient activation of ERK in cells neighboring extruding cells, which inhibits caspase activation and prevents elimination of cells in clusters. This suggests that the robustness of epithelia with high rates of cell elimination is an emerging property of local ERK feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Valon
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anđela Davidović
- Department of Computational Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS USR 3756, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Florence Levillayer
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Villars
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Chouly
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabiana Cerqueira-Campos
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Romain Levayer
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3738, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
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44
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Gagliardi PA, Dobrzyński M, Jacques MA, Dessauges C, Ender P, Blum Y, Hughes RM, Cohen AR, Pertz O. Collective ERK/Akt activity waves orchestrate epithelial homeostasis by driving apoptosis-induced survival. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1712-1726.e6. [PMID: 34081908 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell death events continuously challenge epithelial barrier function yet are crucial to eliminate old or critically damaged cells. How such apoptotic events are spatio-temporally organized to maintain epithelial homeostasis remains unclear. We observe waves of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT serine/threonine kinase (Akt) activity pulses that originate from apoptotic cells and propagate radially to healthy surrounding cells. This requires epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) signaling. At the single-cell level, ERK/Akt waves act as spatial survival signals that locally protect cells in the vicinity of the epithelial injury from apoptosis for a period of 3-4 h. At the cell population level, ERK/Akt waves maintain epithelial homeostasis (EH) in response to mild or intense environmental insults. Disruption of this spatial signaling system results in the inability of a model epithelial tissue to ensure barrier function in response to environmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marc-Antoine Jacques
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Dessauges
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ender
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Blum
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert M Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, 300 Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA
| | - Andrew R Cohen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, 3120-40 Market Street, Suite 313, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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45
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Viral fibrotic scoring and drug screen based on MAPK activity uncovers EGFR as a key regulator of COVID-19 fibrosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11234. [PMID: 34045585 PMCID: PMC8160348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of fibrosis, the lethal complication of COVID-19, is urgent. By the analysis of RNA-sequencing data of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells combined with data mining we identified genes involved in COVID-19 progression. To characterize their implication in the fibrosis development we established a correlation matrix based on the transcriptomic data of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. With this method, we have identified a cluster of genes responsible for SARS-CoV-2-fibrosis including its entry receptor ACE2 and epidermal growth factor EGF. Then, we developed Vi-Fi scoring—a novel drug repurposing approach and simultaneously quantified antiviral and antifibrotic activities of the drugs based on their transcriptomic signatures. We revealed the strong dual antifibrotic and antiviral activity of EGFR/ErbB inhibitors. Before the in vitro validation, we have clustered 277 cell lines and revealed distinct COVID-19 transcriptomic signatures of the cells with similar phenotypes that defines their suitability for COVID-19 research. By ERK activity monitoring in living lung cells, we show that the drugs with predicted antifibrotic activity downregulate ERK in the host lung cells. Overall, our study provides novel insights on SARS-CoV-2 dependence on EGFR/ERK signaling and demonstrates the utility of EGFR/ErbB inhibitors for COVID-19 treatment.
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46
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Mitchell SJ, Rosenblatt J. Early mechanical selection of cell extrusion and extrusion signaling in cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:36-40. [PMID: 34034216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells use the process of extrusion to promote cell death while preserving a tight barrier. To extrude, a cell and its neighbors contract actin and myosin circumferentially and basolaterally to seamlessly squeeze it out of the epithelium. Recent research highlights how early apical pulsatile contractions within the extruding cell might orchestrate contraction in three dimensions so that a cell extrudes out apically. Along with apical constrictions, studies of ion channels and mathematical modeling reveal how differential contraction between cells helps select specific cells to extrude. In addition, several studies have offered new insights into pathways that use extrusion to eliminate transformed cells or cause an aberrant form of extrusion that promotes cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranne J Mitchell
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Schools of Basic & Medical Biosciences and Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, UK
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Schools of Basic & Medical Biosciences and Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, UK.
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47
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The morphogenetic changes that lead to cell extrusion in development and cell competition. Dev Biol 2021; 477:1-10. [PMID: 33984304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell extrusion is a morphogenetic process in which unfit or dying cells are eliminated from the tissue at the interface with healthy neighbours in homeostasis. This process is also highly associated with cell fate specification followed by differentiation in development. Spontaneous cell death occurs in development and inhibition of this process can result in abnormal development, suggesting that survival or death is part of cell fate specification during morphogenesis. Moreover, spontaneous somatic mutations in oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes can trigger new morphogenetic events at the interface with healthy cells. Cell competition is considered as the global quality control mechanism for causing unfit cells to be eliminated at the interface with healthy neighbours in proliferating tissues. In this review, I will discuss variations of cell extrusion that are coordinated by unfit cells and healthy neighbours in relation to the geometry and topology of the tissue in development and cell competition.
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48
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Chen L, Zhou X, Kong X, Su Z, Wang X, Li S, Luo A, Liu Z, Fang Y, Wang J. The Prognostic Significance of Anisomycin-Activated Phospho-c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase (p-JNK) in Predicting Breast Cancer Patients' Survival Time. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:656693. [PMID: 33768099 PMCID: PMC7985183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.656693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of p-JNK in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and analyze the relationship between anisomycin, p-JNK. A total of 104 breast cancer patients had NACT were enrolled in this study. The western blot and immunohistochemistry assays were used to determine the protein expressions of p-JNK in human breast cancer cell lines and patients’ cancer tissues. The chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were adopted to gauge the associations between breast cancer and clinicopathological variables by p-JNK expression, whereas the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the prognostic value of p-JNK expression. The Kaplan-Meier plots and the log-rank test were adopted to determine patients’ disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Findings indicated that the p-JNK expression had prognostic significance in univariate and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses. Results of log-rank methods showed that: (1) the mean DFS and OS times in patients with high p-JNK expression were significantly longer than those in patients with low p-JNK expression (χ2 = 5.908, P = 0.015 and χ2 = 6.593, P = 0.010, respectively). p-JNK expression is a significant prognostic factor that can effectively predict the survival in breast cancer patients receiving NACT. Treatment with the JNK agonist anisomycin can induce apoptosis, lead to increased p-JNK expression and decreased p-STAT3 expression. Moreover, the p-JNK expression was inversely correlated with p-STAT3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuantong Zhou
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- Center on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, School of Nursing, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Aiping Luo
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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