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Regele-Blasco E, Palmer LM. The plasticity of pyramidal neurons in the behaving brain. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230231. [PMID: 38853566 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are plastic. That is, they change their activity according to different behavioural conditions. This endows pyramidal neurons with an incredible computational power for the integration and processing of synaptic inputs. Plasticity can be investigated at different levels of investigation within a single neuron, from spines to dendrites, to synaptic input. Although most of our knowledge stems from the in vitro brain slice preparation, plasticity plays a vital role during behaviour by providing a flexible substrate for the execution of appropriate actions in our ever-changing environment. Owing to advances in recording techniques, the plasticity of neurons and the neural networks in which they are embedded is now beginning to be realized in the in vivo intact brain. This review focuses on the structural and functional synaptic plasticity of pyramidal neurons, with a specific focus on the latest developments from in vivo studies. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Regele-Blasco
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne , Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lucy M Palmer
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne , Victoria 3052, Australia
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2
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Wingrove JS, Wimmer J, Saba Echezarreta VE, Piazza A, Spencer GE. Retinoic acid reduces the formation of, and acutely modulates, invertebrate electrical synapses. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:965-981. [PMID: 38568843 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00057.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Communication between cells in the nervous system is dependent on both chemical and electrical synapses. Factors that can affect chemical synapses have been well studied, but less is known about factors that influence electrical synapses. Retinoic acid, the vitamin A metabolite, is a known regulator of chemical synapses, but few studies have examined its capacity to regulate electrical synapses. In this study, we determine that retinoic acid is capable of rapidly altering the strength of electrical synapses in an isomer- and cell-dependent manner. Furthermore, we provide evidence that this acute effect might be independent of either the retinoid receptors or the activation of a protein kinase. In addition to the rapid modulatory effects of retinoic acid, we provide data to suggest that retinoic acid is also capable of regulating the formation of electrical synapses. Long-term exposure to both all-trans-retinoic acid or 9-cis-retinoic acid reduced the proportion of cell pairs forming electrical synapses, as well as reduced the strength of electrical synapses that did form. In summary, this study provides insights into the role that retinoids might play in both the formation and modulation of electrical synapses in the central nervous system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Retinoids are known modulators of chemical synapses and mediate synaptic plasticity in the nervous system, but little is known of their effects on electrical synapses. Here, we show that retinoids selectively reduce electrical synapses in a cell- and isomer-dependent manner. This modulatory action on existing electrical synapses was rapid and nongenomic in nature. We also showed for the first time that longer retinoid exposures inhibit the formation of electrical synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Wingrove
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Wimmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alicia Piazza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaynor E Spencer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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do Amaral CC, Nedel F, Ferrúa CP, Garcia TF, Corrêa GP, Giorgi R, Longoni dos Santos A, de Assis AM, de Avila Quevedo L, Ghisleni GC, de Matos MB, Pinheiro KAT, Trettim JP, Pinheiro RT. Maternal hsa-miR-423-5p associated with the cognitive development of babies in pregnant women without mental disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1322820. [PMID: 38487105 PMCID: PMC10937415 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1322820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs capable of regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. MiRNAs are recognized as key regulators of diverse biological and developmental processes. During the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, numerous changes occur in the female body for the formation, growth, and development of the baby. After birth, there is a critical period in child development, as rapid gains in the physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional domains constitute the "building blocks" of children's later growth. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal expression of hsa-miR-423-5p during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and neurocognitive development at 90 days of life in infants. Methods: This is a longitudinal study included in a population-based cohort study, carried out in a city in southern Brazil. The Bayley III was used to assess the babies' cognitive development. Blood samples from mothers were obtained for RNA extraction from serum and analysis of miRNA expression by qRT-PCR. Results In total, 87 dyads (mother-baby) were included. The average gestational age was 15.86 weeks (SD ± 5.55). An association of maternal miRNA with infant cognitive development was found; as maternal miR-423-5p increases, infants' cognitive development increases by 2.40 (95% CI 0.37; 4.43, p = 0.021) points at 3 months of age. Conclusion In this context, it is suggested to use this miRNA as a biomarker of child neurocognitive development detectable in the prenatal period, thus allowing the planning of early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cainá Corrêa do Amaral
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nedel
- Anatomy Department, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Camila Perelló Ferrúa
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandez Garcia
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Giorgi
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Bonati de Matos
- Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Kruse P, Brandes G, Hemeling H, Huang Z, Wrede C, Hegermann J, Vlachos A, Lenz M. Synaptopodin Regulates Denervation-Induced Plasticity at Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Synapses. Cells 2024; 13:114. [PMID: 38247806 PMCID: PMC10814840 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases can lead to the denervation of brain regions caused by demyelination, traumatic injury or cell death. The molecular and structural mechanisms underlying lesion-induced reorganization of denervated brain regions, however, are a matter of ongoing investigation. In order to address this issue, we performed an entorhinal cortex lesion (ECL) in mouse organotypic entorhino-hippocampal tissue cultures of both sexes and studied denervation-induced plasticity of mossy fiber synapses, which connect dentate granule cells (dGCs) with CA3 pyramidal cells (CA3-PCs) and play important roles in learning and memory formation. Partial denervation caused a strengthening of excitatory neurotransmission in dGCs, CA3-PCs and their direct synaptic connections, as revealed by paired recordings (dGC-to-CA3-PC). These functional changes were accompanied by ultrastructural reorganization of mossy fiber synapses, which regularly contain the plasticity-regulating protein synaptopodin and the spine apparatus organelle. We demonstrate that the spine apparatus organelle and synaptopodin are related to ribosomes in close proximity to synaptic sites and reveal a synaptopodin-related transcriptome. Notably, synaptopodin-deficient tissue preparations that lack the spine apparatus organelle failed to express lesion-induced synaptic adjustments. Hence, synaptopodin and the spine apparatus organelle play a crucial role in regulating lesion-induced synaptic plasticity at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Kruse
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Brandes
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hanna Hemeling
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zhong Huang
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Xu D, Zhi Y, Liu X, Guan L, Yu J, Zhang D, Zhang W, Wang Y, Tao W, Xu Z. WDR62-deficiency Causes Autism-like Behaviors Independent of Microcephaly in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1333-1347. [PMID: 36571716 PMCID: PMC10465473 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain size abnormality is correlated with an increased frequency of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. Genetic analysis indicates that heterozygous mutations of the WD repeat domain 62 (WDR62) are associated with ASD. However, biological evidence is still lacking. Our study showed that Wdr62 knockout (KO) led to reduced brain size with impaired learning and memory, as well as ASD-like behaviors in mice. Interestingly, Wdr62 Nex-cKO mice (depletion of WDR62 in differentiated neurons) had a largely normal brain size but with aberrant social interactions and repetitive behaviors. WDR62 regulated dendritic spinogenesis and excitatory synaptic transmission in cortical pyramidal neurons. Finally, we revealed that retinoic acid gavages significantly alleviated ASD-like behaviors in mice with WDR62 haploinsufficiency, probably by complementing the expression of ASD and synapse-related genes. Our findings provide a new perspective on the relationship between the microcephaly gene WDR62 and ASD etiology that will benefit clinical diagnosis and intervention of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Yiqiang Zhi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Le Guan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jurui Yu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Weiya Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wucheng Tao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Plascencia-Villa G, Perry G. Roles of Oxidative Stress in Synaptic Dysfunction and Neuronal Cell Death in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1628. [PMID: 37627623 PMCID: PMC10451948 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain disorder that progressively undermines memory and thinking skills by affecting the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. The main histopathological hallmarks of AD are the presence of abnormal protein aggregates (Aβ and tau), synaptic dysfunction, aberrant proteostasis, cytoskeletal abnormalities, altered energy homeostasis, DNA and RNA defects, inflammation, and neuronal cell death. However, oxidative stress or oxidative damage is also evident and commonly overlooked or considered a consequence of the advancement of dementia symptoms. The control or onset of oxidative stress is linked to the activity of the amyloid-β peptide, which may serve as both antioxidant and pro-oxidant molecules. Furthermore, oxidative stress is correlated with oxidative damage to proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids in vulnerable cell populations, which ultimately lead to neuronal death through different molecular mechanisms. By recognizing oxidative stress as an integral feature of AD, alternative therapeutic or preventive interventions are developed and tested as potential or complementary therapies for this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
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Liu S, Ji Y, Li H, Ren L, Zhu J, Yang T, Li X, Yao J, Cao X, Yan B. EYE-503: A Novel Retinoic Acid Drug for Treating Retinal Neurodegeneration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1033. [PMID: 37513944 PMCID: PMC10386480 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal neurodegeneration is a major cause of vision loss. Retinoic acid signaling is critical for the maintenance of retinal function, and its dysfunction can cause retinal neurodegeneration. However, the therapeutic effects of retinoic acid drugs on retinal neurodegeneration remain unclear. In this study, we designed a novel retinoic acid drug called EYE-503 and investigated its therapeutic effects of EYE-503 on retinal neurodegeneration. The optic nerve crush (ONC) model was selected for the retinal neurodegeneration study. H&E staining, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence staining, and visual electrophysiology assays were performed to determine the role of EYE-503 in retinal neurodegeneration in vivo. The CCK-8 assay, EdU incorporation assay, PI staining, and flow cytometry assays were performed to investigate the effects of EYE-503 administration on retinal neurodegeneration in vitro. The potential mechanism of EYE-503 in retinal neurodegeneration was investigated by network pharmacology and Western blots. The results showed that EYE-503 administration had no detectable cytotoxicity and tissue toxicity. EYE-503 administration alleviated ONC-induced retinal injury and optic nerve injury in vivo. EYE-503 administration attenuated retinal ganglion cell apoptosis, inhibited reactive gliosis, and retarded the progression of retinal neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, EYE-503 regulated retinal neurodegeneration by targeting the JNK/p38 signaling pathway. This study suggests that EYE-503 is a promising therapeutic agent for retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuke Ji
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huan Li
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ling Ren
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junya Zhu
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tianjing Yang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiumiao Li
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jin Yao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Jakaria M, Belaidi AA, Bush AI, Ayton S. Vitamin A metabolites inhibit ferroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114930. [PMID: 37236031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) is a lipid-soluble vitamin that acts as a precursor for several bioactive compounds, such as retinaldehyde (retinal) and isomers of retinoic acid. Retinol and all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) penetrate the blood-brain barrier and are reported to be neuroprotective in several animal models. We characterised the impact of retinol and its metabolites, all-trans-retinal (atRAL) and atRA, on ferroptosis-a programmed cell death caused by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis was induced by erastin, buthionine sulfoximine or RSL3 in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines. We found that retinol, atRAL and atRA inhibited ferroptosis with a potency superior to α-tocopherol, the canonical anti-ferroptotic vitamin. In contrast, we found that antagonism of endogenous retinol with anhydroretinol sensitises ferroptosis induced in neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines. Retinol and its metabolites atRAL and atRA directly interdict lipid radicals in ferroptosis since these compounds displayed radical trapping properties in a cell-free assay. Vitamin A, therefore, complements other anti-ferroptotic vitamins, E and K; metabolites of vitamin A, or agents that alter their levels, may be potential therapeutics for diseases where ferroptosis is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakaria
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abdel A Belaidi
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Scott Ayton
- The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Straehle J, Ravi VM, Heiland DH, Galanis C, Lenz M, Zhang J, Neidert NN, El Rahal A, Vasilikos I, Kellmeyer P, Scheiwe C, Klingler JH, Fung C, Vlachos A, Beck J, Schnell O. Technical report: surgical preparation of human brain tissue for clinical and basic research. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:1461-1471. [PMID: 37147485 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of the distinct structure and function of the human central nervous system, both in healthy and diseased states, is becoming increasingly significant in the field of neuroscience. Typically, cortical and subcortical tissue is discarded during surgeries for tumors and epilepsy. Yet, there is a strong encouragement to utilize this tissue for clinical and basic research in humans. Here, we describe the technical aspects of the microdissection and immediate handling of viable human cortical access tissue for basic and clinical research, highlighting the measures needed to be taken in the operating room to ensure standardized procedures and optimal experimental results. METHODS In multiple rounds of experiments (n = 36), we developed and refined surgical principles for the removal of cortical access tissue. The specimens were immediately immersed in cold carbogenated N-methyl-D-glucamine-based artificial cerebrospinal fluid for electrophysiology and electron microscopy experiments or specialized hibernation medium for organotypic slice cultures. RESULTS The surgical principles of brain tissue microdissection were (1) rapid preparation (<1 min), (2) maintenance of the cortical axis, (3) minimization of mechanical trauma to sample, (4) use of pointed scalpel blade, (5) avoidance of cauterization and blunt preparation, (6) constant irrigation, and (7) retrieval of the sample without the use of forceps or suction. After a single round of introduction to these principles, multiple surgeons adopted the technique for samples with a minimal dimension of 5 mm spanning all cortical layers and subcortical white matter. Small samples (5-7 mm) were ideal for acute slice preparation and electrophysiology. No adverse events from sample resection were observed. CONCLUSION The microdissection technique of human cortical access tissue is safe and easily adoptable into the routine of neurosurgical procedures. The standardized and reliable surgical extraction of human brain tissue lays the foundation for human-to-human translational research on human brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Straehle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - V M Ravi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Freiburg, Germany
| | - D H Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C Galanis
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - N N Neidert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A El Rahal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - I Vasilikos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Kellmeyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Scheiwe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J H Klingler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Fung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links - Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - O Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Advanced Surgical Tissue Analysis (CAST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Suzuki K, Koyama H, Nakamura N, Kimura Y, Ogata A, Ikenuma H, Ishii H, Zhang MR, Kawamura K, Minamimoto T, Nagai Y, Katsuki H, Kimura T, Kimura N, Ichise M, Kato T, Ito K, Suzuki M. 11C-Labeling of acyclic retinoid peretinoin by rapid C-[ 11C]methylation to disclose novel brain permeability and central nervous system activities hidden in antitumor agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 85:129212. [PMID: 36871703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, retinoid actions on the central nervous system (CNS) have attracted considerable attention from the perspectives of brain disease diagnosis and drug development. Firstly, we successfully synthesized [11C]peretinoin esters (methyl, ethyl, and benzyl) using a Pd(0)-mediated rapid C-[11C]methylation of the corresponding stannyl precursors without geometrical isomerization in 82%, 66%, and 57% radiochemical yields (RCYs). Subsequent hydrolysis of the 11C-labeled ester produced [11C]peretinoin in 13 ± 8% RCY (n = 3). After pharmaceutical formulation, the resulting [11C]benzyl ester and [11C]peretinoin had high radiochemical purity (>99% each) and molar activities of 144 and 118 ± 49 GBq μmol-1 at total synthesis times of 31 min and 40 ± 3 min, respectively. Rat brain PET imaging for the [11C]ester revealed a unique time-radioactivity curve, suggesting the participation of the acid [11C]peretinoin for the brain permeability. However, the curve of the [11C]peretinoin rose steadily after a shorter time lag to reach 1.4 standardized uptake value (SUV) at 60 min. These various phenomena between the ester and acid became more pronounced in the monkey brain (SUV of > 3.0 at 90 min). With the opportunity to identify high brain uptake of [11C]peretinoin, we discovered CNS activities of a drug candidate called peretinoin, such as the induction of a stem-cell to neuronal cell differentiation and the suppression of neuronal damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Suzuki
- Field of Biological Molecular Sciences, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroko Koyama
- Field of Biological Molecular Sciences, United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Narumasa Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Aya Ogata
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani 509-0293, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikenuma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishii
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kawamura
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Minamimoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagai
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kimura
- Section of Cell Biology and Pathology, Department of Alzheimer's Disease Research, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, Japan; Laboratory of Experimental Animals, Research and Development Management Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka 7-430, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Department of Veterinary Associated Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Ichise
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kengo Ito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
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11
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Hunt S, Leibner Y, Mertens EJ, Barros-Zulaica N, Kanari L, Heistek TS, Karnani MM, Aardse R, Wilbers R, Heyer DB, Goriounova NA, Verhoog MB, Testa-Silva G, Obermayer J, Versluis T, Benavides-Piccione R, de Witt-Hamer P, Idema S, Noske DP, Baayen JC, Lein ES, DeFelipe J, Markram H, Mansvelder HD, Schürmann F, Segev I, de Kock CPJ. Strong and reliable synaptic communication between pyramidal neurons in adult human cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2857-2878. [PMID: 35802476 PMCID: PMC10016070 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic transmission constitutes the primary mode of communication between neurons. It is extensively studied in rodent but not human neocortex. We characterized synaptic transmission between pyramidal neurons in layers 2 and 3 using neurosurgically resected human middle temporal gyrus (MTG, Brodmann area 21), which is part of the distributed language circuitry. We find that local connectivity is comparable with mouse layer 2/3 connections in the anatomical homologue (temporal association area), but synaptic connections in human are 3-fold stronger and more reliable (0% vs 25% failure rates, respectively). We developed a theoretical approach to quantify properties of spinous synapses showing that synaptic conductance and voltage change in human dendritic spines are 3-4-folds larger compared with mouse, leading to significant NMDA receptor activation in human unitary connections. This model prediction was validated experimentally by showing that NMDA receptor activation increases the amplitude and prolongs decay of unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials in human but not in mouse connections. Since NMDA-dependent recurrent excitation facilitates persistent activity (supporting working memory), our data uncovers cortical microcircuit properties in human that may contribute to language processing in MTG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eline J Mertens
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natalí Barros-Zulaica
- Blue Brain Project, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Lida Kanari
- Blue Brain Project, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mahesh M Karnani
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Romy Aardse
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René Wilbers
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Djai B Heyer
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natalia A Goriounova
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joshua Obermayer
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tamara Versluis
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth Benavides-Piccione
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Philip de Witt-Hamer
- Neurosurgery Department, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Idema
- Neurosurgery Department, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David P Noske
- Neurosurgery Department, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Neurosurgery Department, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Henry Markram
- Blue Brain Project, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Felix Schürmann
- Blue Brain Project, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Idan Segev
- Department of Neurobiology and Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190501 Jerusalem, Israel
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12
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Revisiting the Role of Vitamins and Minerals in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020415. [PMID: 36829974 PMCID: PMC9952129 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by memory loss, impaired learning and thinking, and difficulty in performing regular daily activities. Despite nearly two decades of collective efforts to develop novel medications that can prevent or halt the disease progression, we remain faced with only a few options with limited effectiveness. There has been a recent growth of interest in the role of nutrition in brain health as we begin to gain a better understanding of what and how nutrients affect hormonal and neural actions that not only can lead to typical cardiovascular or metabolic diseases but also an array of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Vitamins and minerals, also known as micronutrients, are elements that are indispensable for functions including nutrient metabolism, immune surveillance, cell development, neurotransmission, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, we provide an overview on some of the most common vitamins and minerals and discuss what current studies have revealed on the link between these essential micronutrients and cognitive performance or AD.
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13
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Retinoic Acid Prevents the Neuronal Damage Through the Regulation of Parvalbumin in an Ischemic Stroke Model. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:487-501. [PMID: 36245066 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a neurological disease that causes brain damage by increasing oxidative stress and ion imbalance. Retinoic acid is a major metabolite of vitamin A and regulates oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and cell death. Intracellular calcium is involved in neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity. Parvalbumin is a calcium-binding protein that is mainly expressed in brain. In this study, we investigated whether retinoic acid has neuroprotective effects by controlling intracellular calcium concentration and parvalbumin expression in ischemic brain damage. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to induce cerebral ischemia. Retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected into the abdominal cavity for four days before surgery and cerebral cortices were collected 24 h after MCAO for further studies. MCAO damage induced neurological deficits and histopathological changes and decreased parvalbumin expression. However, retinoic acid treatment alleviated these changes. In cultured neurons, glutamate (5 mM) exposure induced neuronal cell death, increased intracellular calcium concentration, and decreased parvalbumin expression. Retinoic acid treatment attenuated these changes against glutamate toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. It also regulates glutamate induced change in bcl-2 and bax expression. The mitigation effects of retinoic acid were greater under non-transfection conditions than under parvalbumin siRNA transfection conditions. Our findings showed that retinoic acid modulates intracellular calcium concentration and parvalbumin expression and prevents apoptosis in ischemic brain injury. In conclusion, retinoic acid contributes to the preservation of neurons from ischemic stroke by controlling parvalbumin expression and apoptosis-related proteins.
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14
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Lenz M, Eichler A, Kruse P, Stöhr P, Kleidonas D, Galanis C, Lu H, Vlachos A. Denervated mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons express homeostatic synaptic plasticity following entorhinal cortex lesion. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1148219. [PMID: 37122623 PMCID: PMC10130538 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1148219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural, functional, and molecular reorganization of denervated neural networks is often observed in neurological conditions. The loss of input is accompanied by homeostatic synaptic adaptations, which can affect the reorganization process. A major challenge of denervation-induced homeostatic plasticity operating in complex neural networks is the specialization of neuronal inputs. It remains unclear whether neurons respond similarly to the loss of distinct inputs. Here, we used in vitro entorhinal cortex lesion (ECL) and Schaffer collateral lesion (SCL) in mouse organotypic entorhino-hippocampal tissue cultures to study denervation-induced plasticity of CA1 pyramidal neurons. We observed microglia accumulation, presynaptic bouton degeneration, and a reduction in dendritic spine numbers in the denervated layers 3 days after SCL and ECL. Transcriptome analysis of the CA1 region revealed complex changes in differential gene expression following SCL and ECL compared to non-lesioned controls with a specific enrichment of differentially expressed synapse-related genes observed after ECL. Consistent with this finding, denervation-induced homeostatic plasticity of excitatory synapses was observed 3 days after ECL but not after SCL. Chemogenetic silencing of the EC but not CA3 confirmed the pathway-specific induction of homeostatic synaptic plasticity in CA1. Additionally, increased RNA oxidation was observed after SCL and ECL. These results reveal important commonalities and differences between distinct pathway lesions and demonstrate a pathway-specific induction of denervation-induced homeostatic synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Maximilian Lenz,
| | - Amelie Eichler
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pia Kruse
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Phyllis Stöhr
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Kleidonas
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christos Galanis
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Han Lu
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Andreas Vlachos,
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15
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Sluchanko NN, Slonimskiy YB, Egorkin NA, Varfolomeeva LA, Faletrov YV, Moysenovich AM, Parshina EY, Friedrich T, Maksimov EG, Boyko KM, Popov VO. Silkworm carotenoprotein as an efficient carotenoid extractor, solubilizer and transporter. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1381-1393. [PMID: 36395947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Found in many organisms, water-soluble carotenoproteins are prospective antioxidant nanocarriers for biomedical applications. Yet, the toolkit of characterized carotenoproteins is rather limited: such proteins are either too specific binders of only few different carotenoids, or their ability to transfer carotenoids to various acceptor systems is unknown. Here, by focusing on a recently characterized recombinant ~27-kDa Carotenoid-Binding Protein from Bombyx mori (BmCBP) [Slonimskiy et al., International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 214 (2022): 664-671], we analyze its carotenoid-binding repertoire and potential as a carotenoid delivery module. We show that BmCBP forms productive complexes with both hydroxyl- and ketocarotenoids - lutein, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and a smaller antioxidant, aporhodoxanthinone, but not with β-carotene or retinal, which defines its broad ligand specificity toward xanthophylls valuable to human health. Moreover, the His-tagged BmCBP apoform is capable of cost-efficient and scalable enrichment of xanthophylls from various crude methanolic herbal extracts. Upon carotenoid binding, BmCBP remains monomeric and shows a remarkable ability to dynamically shuttle carotenoids to biological membrane models and to unrelated carotenoproteins, which in particular makes from the cyanobacterial Orange Carotenoid Protein a blue-light controlled photoswitch. Furthermore, administration of BmCBP loaded by zeaxanthin stimulates fibroblast growth, which is attractive for cell- and tissue-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Yury B Slonimskiy
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita A Egorkin
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa A Varfolomeeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yaroslav V Faletrov
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Anastasia M Moysenovich
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenia Yu Parshina
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Technical University of Berlin, Institute of Chemistry PC 14, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eugene G Maksimov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin M Boyko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir O Popov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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16
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The protective effects of natural product tunicatachalcone against neuroinflammation via targeting RIPK2 in microglia BV-2 cells stimulated by LPS. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 69:116916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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KANG JB, KOH PO. Identification of changed proteins by retinoic acid in cerebral ischemic damage: a proteomic study. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1194-1204. [PMID: 35831120 PMCID: PMC9523306 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a severe neurodegenerative disease with a high mortality rate. Retinoic acid is a representative metabolite of vitamin A. It has many beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects. The purpose of this study is to identify specific proteins that are regulated by retinoic acid in ischemic stroke. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to induce focal cerebral ischemia. Retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally into male rats for four days prior to MCAO operation. Neurobehavioral tests were performed 24 hr after MCAO and the cerebral cortex was collected for proteomic study. Retinoic acid alleviates neurobehavioral deficits and histopathological changes caused by MCAO. Furthermore, we identified various proteins that were altered by retinoic acid in MCAO damage. Among these identified proteins, adenosylhomocysteinase, isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD+] subunit α, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor β, and apolipoprotein A1 were down-regulated in MCAO animals with vehicle treatment, whereas retinoic acid treatment alleviated these reductions. However, heat shock protein 60 was up-regulated in MCAO animals with vehicle, while retinoic acid treatment attenuated this increase. The changes in these expressions were confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR. These proteins regulate cell metabolism and mediate stress responses. Our results demonstrated that retinoic acid attenuates the neuronal damage by MCAO and regulates the various protein expressions that are involved in the survival of cells. Thus, we can suggest that retinoic acid exerts neuroprotective effects on focal cerebral ischemia by modulation of specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Bin KANG
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok KOH
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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18
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Amylin and Secretases in the Pathology and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070996. [PMID: 35883551 PMCID: PMC9312829 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease remains a prevailing neurodegenerative condition which has an array physical, emotional, and financial consequences to patients and society. In the past decade, there has been a greater degree of investigation on therapeutic small peptides. This group of biomolecules have a profile of fundamentally sound characteristics which make them an intriguing area for drug development. Among these biomolecules, there are four modulatory mechanisms of interest in this review: alpha-, beta-, gamma-secretases, and amylin. These protease-based biomolecules all have a contributory role in the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Moreover, the involvement of various biochemical pathways intertwines these peptides to have shared regulators (i.e., retinoids). Further clinical and translational investigation must occur to gain a greater understanding of its potential application in patient care. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the contemporary literature on these protease biomolecule modulators and determine its utility in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
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19
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Tan L, Zhang Y, Wang H, Haberer H. Retinoic acid promotes tissue vitamin A status and modulates adipose tissue metabolism of neonatal rats exposed to maternal high-fat diet-induced obesity. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e54. [PMID: 35836697 PMCID: PMC9274391 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity may compromise the micronutrient status of the offspring. Vitamin A (VA) is an essential micronutrient during neonatal development. Its active metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), is a key regulator of VA homeostasis, which also regulates adipose tissue (AT) development in obese adults. However, its role on VA status and AT metabolism in neonates was unknown and it was determined in the present study. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised to a normal fat diet (NFD) or a high fat diet (HFD). From postnatal day 5 (P5) to P20, half of the HFD pups received oral RA every 3 d (HFDRA group). NFD pups and the remaining HFD pups (HFD group) received placebo. Six hours after dosing on P8, P14 and P20, n 4 pups per group were euthanised for different measures. It was found that total retinol concentration in neonatal liver and lung was significantly lower in the HFD group than the NFD group, while the concentrations were significantly increased in the HFDRA group. The HFD group exhibited significantly higher body weight (BW) gain, AT mass, serum leptin and adiponectin, and gene expression of these adipokines in white adipose tissue compared with the NFD group; these measures were significantly reduced in the HFDRA group. BAT UCP2 and UCP3 gene expression were significantly higher in pups receiving RA. In conclusion, repeated RA treatment during the suckling period improved the tissue VA status of neonates exposed to maternal obesity. RA also exerted a regulatory effect on neonatal obesity development by reducing BW gain and adiposity and modulating AT metabolism.
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Key Words
- Adipose tissue
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BW, body weight
- HFD, high fat diet
- LRAT, lecithin:retinol acyltransferase
- Maternal obesity
- NFD, normal fat diet
- Neonatal lung
- Neonatal obesity
- Neonate
- P, postnatal
- RA, retinoic acid
- RAR, retinoic acid receptor
- RXR, retinoid X receptor
- Retinoic acid
- UCP, uncoupling protein
- UPLC, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography
- VA, vitamin A
- Vitamin A
- WAT, white adipose tissue
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Tan
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, 407 Russell Hall, 504 University Blvd, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, 407 Russell Hall, 504 University Blvd, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, 407 Russell Hall, 504 University Blvd, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Heleena Haberer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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20
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Loomba S, Straehle J, Gangadharan V, Heike N, Khalifa A, Motta A, Ju N, Sievers M, Gempt J, Meyer HS, Helmstaedter M. Connectomic comparison of mouse and human cortex. Science 2022; 377:eabo0924. [PMID: 35737810 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human cerebral cortex houses 1,000 times more neurons than the cerebral cortex of a mouse, but the possible differences in synaptic circuits between these species are still poorly understood. We used 3-dimensional electron microscopy of mouse, macaque and human cortical samples to study their cell type composition and synaptic circuit architecture. The 2.5-fold increase in interneurons in humans compared to mouse was compensated by a change in axonal connection probabilities and therefore did not yield a commensurate increase in inhibitory-vs-excitatory synaptic input balance on human pyramidal cells. Rather, increased inhibition created an expanded interneuron-to-interneuron network, driven by an expansion of interneuron-targeting interneuron types and an increase in their synaptic selectivity for interneuron innervation. These constitute key neuronal network alterations in human cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Loomba
- Department of Connectomics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.,Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jakob Straehle
- Department of Connectomics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vijayan Gangadharan
- Department of Connectomics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Natalie Heike
- Department of Connectomics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Abdelrahman Khalifa
- Department of Connectomics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alessandro Motta
- Department of Connectomics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Niansheng Ju
- Department of Connectomics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Meike Sievers
- Department of Connectomics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.,Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Hanno S Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Helmstaedter
- Department of Connectomics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
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21
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Rosado J, Bui VD, Haas CA, Beck J, Queisser G, Vlachos A. Calcium modeling of spine apparatus-containing human dendritic spines demonstrates an “all-or-nothing” communication switch between the spine head and dendrite. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010069. [PMID: 35468131 PMCID: PMC9071165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are highly dynamic neuronal compartments that control the synaptic transmission between neurons. Spines form ultrastructural units, coupling synaptic contact sites to the dendritic shaft and often harbor a spine apparatus organelle, composed of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which is responsible for calcium sequestration and release into the spine head and neck. The spine apparatus has recently been linked to synaptic plasticity in adult human cortical neurons. While the morphological heterogeneity of spines and their intracellular organization has been extensively demonstrated in animal models, the influence of spine apparatus organelles on critical signaling pathways, such as calcium-mediated dynamics, is less well known in human dendritic spines. In this study we used serial transmission electron microscopy to anatomically reconstruct nine human cortical spines in detail as a basis for modeling and simulation of the calcium dynamics between spine and dendrite. The anatomical study of reconstructed human dendritic spines revealed that the size of the postsynaptic density correlates with spine head volume and that the spine apparatus volume is proportional to the spine volume. Using a newly developed simulation pipeline, we have linked these findings to spine-to-dendrite calcium communication. While the absence of a spine apparatus, or the presence of a purely passive spine apparatus did not enable any of the reconstructed spines to relay a calcium signal to the dendritic shaft, the calcium-induced calcium release from this intracellular organelle allowed for finely tuned “all-or-nothing” spine-to-dendrite calcium coupling; controlled by spine morphology, neck plasticity, and ryanodine receptors. Our results suggest that spine apparatus organelles are strategically positioned in the neck of human dendritic spines and demonstrate their potential relevance to the maintenance and regulation of spine-to-dendrite calcium communication. During the past decade it has become increasingly clear that abnormal synaptic plasticity is a major hallmark of neurological and cognitive disorders. Developing a better understanding of the synaptic plasticity process, which describes the ability of neurons to adapt their contacts in an activity-dependent manner, will lead to improved treatment of many neurological and cognitive disorders. It is known that calcium-dependent events such as synaptic transmission, intracellular calcium release, and calcium wave propagation, are required for many types of synaptic plasticity expression. However, the biological significance of these processes in neurons of the adult human cortex remains unknown. Due to technical limitations and ethical concerns, experimental data addressing this biologically and clinically relevant topic are not available. Therefore, we have implemented a computational model to study the intracellular calcium dynamics in realistic human dendritic spines based on detailed morphological reconstructions. With our model and simulations, we have established the morphological and biological requirements for the propagation of calcium from spines into the dendrites. Our results suggest a critical role for the calcium-storing spine apparatus organelle in regulating calcium homeostasis and propagation in human dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rosado
- Department of Mathematics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Viet Duc Bui
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carola A. Haas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gillian Queisser
- Department of Mathematics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GQ); (AV)
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (GQ); (AV)
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22
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Li S, Zhu Y, Wei C, Li C, Chen W, Jiang S, Yuan D, Xu R. Identification of Molecular Correlations Between DHRS4 and Progressive Neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis By Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874978. [PMID: 35479082 PMCID: PMC9035787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, and its candidate biomarkers have not yet been fully elucidated in previous studies. Therefore, with the present study, we aim to define and verify effective biomarkers of ALS by bioinformatics. Here, we employed differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), enrichment analysis, immune infiltration analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) to identify biomarkers of ALS. To validate the biomarkers, we isolated the lumbar spinal cord from mice and characterized them using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The results showed that Dhrs4 expression in the spinal cord was upregulated with the progression of SOD1G93A mice, and the upregulation of DHRS4 and its synergistic DHRS3 might be primarily associated with the activation of the complement cascade in the immune system (C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, C3, and ITGB2), which might be a novel mechanism that induces spinal neurodegeneration in ALS. We propose that DHRS4 and its synergistic DHRS3 are promising molecular markers for detecting ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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23
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Koutsoumparis AE, Patsiarika A, Tsingotjidou A, Pappas I, Tsiftsoglou AS. Neural Differentiation of Human Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by ATRA and UDP-4: A Comparative Study. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020218. [PMID: 35204719 PMCID: PMC8961660 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stem cells, which are isolated from various sources. Currently, there is a worldwide interest for dental MSC to be used against neurodegenerative diseases, since they derive from the neural crest and express embryonic stem cell markers. This fact prompted us to explore their potential for neural trans-differentiation in culture. We employed all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and 2-(3-ethylureido)-6-methylpyridine (UDP-4) to induce neural differentiation of human MSC from the dental apical papilla (SCAP). The SCAP were exposed to either agent separately and assessed for proliferation, viability, morphology, and gene expression of the following neural-specific markers: neuron-specific enolase (ENO2), neurofibromin 1 (NF1), choline acetyltransferase (CHAT), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and the vesicular GABA transporter (SLC32A1). They were also assessed for the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) by immunofluorescence. ATRA or UDP-4 treatment inhibited the cell growth and promoted limited cell death, but to a different extent. The addition of the neuroprotective agent recombinant human erythropoietin-alpha (rhEPO-α) enhanced the UDP-4-inducing capacity for more than three weeks. ATRA or UDP-4 treatment significantly upregulated ENO2 and NF1 expression, indicating neuronal differentiation. Moreover, the ATRA treatment significantly induced the upregulation of the GABAergic-specific SLC32A1, while the UDP-4 treatment led to the significant upregulation of the adrenergic-specific TH. The UDP-4 treatment induced the expression of NeuN and GFAP after four and three weeks, respectively, while the ATRA-treatment did not. Our findings indicate that SCAP can be differentiated into neural-like cells after treatment with ATRA or UDP-4 by exhibiting a disparate pattern of differentiation. Therefore, UDP-4 is suggested here as a new potent neural-differentiation-inducing compound, which, when combined with rhEPO-α, could lay the foundation for robust stem-cell-based therapies of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios E. Koutsoumparis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.E.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Anastasia Patsiarika
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.E.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Anastasia Tsingotjidou
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Asterios S. Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.E.K.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310997631
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24
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Su XH, Li WP, Wang YJ, Liu J, Liu JY, Jiang Y, Peng FH. Chronic Administration of 13-cis-retinoic Acid Induces Depression-Like Behavior by Altering the Activity of Dentate Granule Cells. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:421-433. [PMID: 34893965 PMCID: PMC9130401 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common but serious mental disorder and can be caused by the side effects of medications. Evidence from abundant clinical case reports and experimental animal models has revealed the association between the classic anti-acne drug 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) and depressive symptoms. However, direct experimental evidence of this mechanism and information on appropriate therapeutic rescue strategies are lacking. Herein, our data revealed that chronic administration of 13-cis-RA to adolescent mice induced depression-like behavior but not anxiety-like behavior. We next demonstrated that chronic 13-cis-RA application increased neural activity in the dentate gyrus (DG) using c-Fos immunostaining, which may be critically involved in some aspects of depression-like behavior. Therefore, we assessed electrophysiological functions by obtaining whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of dentate granule cells (DGCs), which revealed that chronic 13-cis-RA treatment shifted the excitatory-inhibitory balance toward excitation and increased intrinsic excitability. Furthermore, a pharmacogenetic approach was performed to repeatedly silence DGCs, and this manipulation could rescue depression-like behavior in chronically 13-cis-RA-treated mice, suggesting DGCs as a potential cellular target for the direct alleviation of 13-cis-RA-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Su
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Hua Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Lenz M, Eichler A, Kruse P, Muellerleile J, Deller T, Jedlicka P, Vlachos A. All-trans retinoic acid induces synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells. eLife 2021; 10:71983. [PMID: 34723795 PMCID: PMC8560091 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we showed that the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) induces synaptic plasticity in acute brain slices prepared from the mouse and human neocortex (Lenz et al., 2021). Depending on the brain region studied, distinct effects of atRA on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission have been reported. Here, we used intraperitoneal injections of atRA (10 mg/kg) in adult C57BL/6J mice to study the effects of atRA on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the mouse fascia dentata—a brain region implicated in memory acquisition. No major changes in synaptic transmission were observed in the ventral hippocampus while a significant increase in both spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current frequencies and synapse numbers were evident in the dorsal hippocampus 6 hr after atRA administration. The intrinsic properties of hippocampal dentate granule cells were not significantly different and hippocampal transcriptome analysis revealed no essential neuronal changes upon atRA treatment. In light of these findings, we tested for the metaplastic effects of atRA, that is, for its ability to modulate synaptic plasticity expression in the absence of major changes in baseline synaptic strength. Indeed, in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) experiments demonstrated that systemic atRA treatment improves the ability of dentate granule cells to express LTP. The plasticity-promoting effects of atRA were not observed in synaptopodin-deficient mice, therefore, extending our previous results regarding the relevance of synaptopodin in atRA-mediated synaptic strengthening in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Taken together, our data show that atRA mediates synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amelie Eichler
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pia Kruse
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Muellerleile
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,ICAR3R - Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Smilovic D, Rietsche M, Drakew A, Vuksic M, Deller T. Constitutive tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-deficiency causes a reduction in spine density in mouse dentate granule cells accompanied by homeostatic adaptations of spine head size. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:656-669. [PMID: 34498735 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The majority of excitatory synapses terminating on cortical neurons are found on dendritic spines. The geometry of spines, in particular the size of the spine head, tightly correlates with the strength of the excitatory synapse formed with the spine. Under conditions of synaptic plasticity, spine geometry may change, reflecting functional adaptations. Since the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been shown to influence synaptic transmission as well as Hebbian and homeostatic forms of synaptic plasticity, we speculated that TNF-deficiency may cause concomitant structural changes at the level of dendritic spines. To address this question, we analyzed spine density and spine head area of Alexa568-filled granule cells in the dentate gyrus of adult C57BL/6J and TNF-deficient (TNF-KO) mice. Tissue sections were double-stained for the actin-modulating and plasticity-related protein synaptopodin (SP), a molecular marker for strong and stable spines. Dendritic segments of TNF-deficient granule cells exhibited ∼20% fewer spines in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus compared to controls, indicating a reduced afferent innervation. Of note, these segments also had larger spines containing larger SP-clusters. This pattern of changes is strikingly similar to the one seen after denervation-associated spine loss following experimental entorhinal denervation of granule cells: Denervated granule cells increase the SP-content and strength of their remaining spines to homeostatically compensate for those that were lost. Our data suggest a similar compensatory mechanism in TNF-deficient granule cells in response to a reduction in their afferent innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Smilovic
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michael Rietsche
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Drakew
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Mario Vuksic
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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27
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Amyloid-Beta Mediates Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5157-5172. [PMID: 33926999 PMCID: PMC8211553 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1820-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological role of the amyloid-precursor protein (APP) is insufficiently understood. Recent work has implicated APP in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Substantial evidence exists for a role of APP and its secreted ectodomain APPsα in Hebbian plasticity. Here, we addressed the relevance of APP in homeostatic synaptic plasticity using organotypic tissue cultures prepared from APP -/- mice of both sexes. In the absence of APP, dentate granule cells failed to strengthen their excitatory synapses homeostatically. Homeostatic plasticity is rescued by amyloid-β and not by APPsα, and it is neither observed in APP+/+ tissue treated with β- or γ-secretase inhibitors nor in synaptopodin-deficient cultures lacking the Ca2+-dependent molecular machinery of the spine apparatus. Together, these results suggest a role of APP processing via the amyloidogenic pathway in homeostatic synaptic plasticity, representing a function of relevance for brain physiology as well as for brain states associated with increased amyloid-β levels.
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28
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Althaus JC, Sutton MA. From mice to men. eLife 2021; 10:67895. [PMID: 33792538 PMCID: PMC8016474 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid induces functional and structural plasticity of synapses in human cortical circuits through the engagement of the spine apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christian Althaus
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Michael A Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.,Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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