1
|
Gastaldon S, Bonfiglio N, Vespignani F, Peressotti F. Predictive language processing: integrating comprehension and production, and what atypical populations can tell us. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1369177. [PMID: 38836235 PMCID: PMC11148270 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1369177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Predictive processing, a crucial aspect of human cognition, is also relevant for language comprehension. In everyday situations, we exploit various sources of information to anticipate and therefore facilitate processing of upcoming linguistic input. In the literature, there are a variety of models that aim at accounting for such ability. One group of models propose a strict relationship between prediction and language production mechanisms. In this review, we first introduce very briefly the concept of predictive processing during language comprehension. Secondly, we focus on models that attribute a prominent role to language production and sensorimotor processing in language prediction ("prediction-by-production" models). Contextually, we provide a summary of studies that investigated the role of speech production and auditory perception on language comprehension/prediction tasks in healthy, typical participants. Then, we provide an overview of the limited existing literature on specific atypical/clinical populations that may represent suitable testing ground for such models-i.e., populations with impaired speech production and auditory perception mechanisms. Ultimately, we suggest a more widely and in-depth testing of prediction-by-production accounts, and the involvement of atypical populations both for model testing and as targets for possible novel speech/language treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gastaldon
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Noemi Bonfiglio
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- BCBL-Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Francesco Vespignani
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "I-APPROVE-International Auditory Processing Project in Venice", University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Peressotti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "I-APPROVE-International Auditory Processing Project in Venice", University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fedorenko E, Ivanova AA, Regev TI. The language network as a natural kind within the broader landscape of the human brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:289-312. [PMID: 38609551 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Language behaviour is complex, but neuroscientific evidence disentangles it into distinct components supported by dedicated brain areas or networks. In this Review, we describe the 'core' language network, which includes left-hemisphere frontal and temporal areas, and show that it is strongly interconnected, independent of input and output modalities, causally important for language and language-selective. We discuss evidence that this language network plausibly stores language knowledge and supports core linguistic computations related to accessing words and constructions from memory and combining them to interpret (decode) or generate (encode) linguistic messages. We emphasize that the language network works closely with, but is distinct from, both lower-level - perceptual and motor - mechanisms and higher-level systems of knowledge and reasoning. The perceptual and motor mechanisms process linguistic signals, but, in contrast to the language network, are sensitive only to these signals' surface properties, not their meanings; the systems of knowledge and reasoning (such as the system that supports social reasoning) are sometimes engaged during language use but are not language-selective. This Review lays a foundation both for in-depth investigations of these different components of the language processing pipeline and for probing inter-component interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Fedorenko
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- The Program in Speech and Hearing in Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Anna A Ivanova
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tamar I Regev
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sherafati A, Bajracharya A, Jones MS, Speh E, Munsi M, Lin CHP, Fishell AK, Hershey T, Eggebrecht AT, Culver JP, Peelle JE. A high-density diffuse optical tomography dataset of naturalistic viewing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.07.565473. [PMID: 37986896 PMCID: PMC10659362 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.565473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Traditional laboratory tasks offer tight experimental control but lack the richness of our everyday human experience. As a result many cognitive neuroscientists have been motivated to adopt experimental paradigms that are more natural, such as stories and movies. Here we describe data collected from 58 healthy adult participants (aged 18-76 years) who viewed 10 minutes of a movie (The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, 1966). Most (36) participants viewed the clip more than once, resulting in 106 sessions of data. Cortical responses were mapped using high-density diffuse optical tomography (first- through fourth nearest neighbor separations of 1.3, 3.0, 3.9, and 4.7 cm), covering large portions of superficial occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes. Consistency of measured activity across subjects was quantified using intersubject correlation analysis. Data are provided in both channel format (SNIRF) and projected to standard space (NIfTI), using an atlas-based light model. These data are suitable for methods exploration as well as investigating a wide variety of cognitive phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael S Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Emma Speh
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Monalisa Munsi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Chen-Hao P Lin
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis
| | | | - Tamara Hershey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | | | | | - Jonathan E Peelle
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schulte A, Marozeau J, Ruhe A, Büchner A, Kral A, Innes-Brown H. Improved speech intelligibility in the presence of congruent vibrotactile speech input. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22657. [PMID: 38114599 PMCID: PMC10730903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrotactile stimulation is believed to enhance auditory speech perception, offering potential benefits for cochlear implant (CI) users who may utilize compensatory sensory strategies. Our study advances previous research by directly comparing tactile speech intelligibility enhancements in normal-hearing (NH) and CI participants, using the same paradigm. Moreover, we assessed tactile enhancement considering stimulus non-specific, excitatory effects through an incongruent audio-tactile control condition that did not contain any speech-relevant information. In addition to this incongruent audio-tactile condition, we presented sentences in an auditory only and a congruent audio-tactile condition, with the congruent tactile stimulus providing low-frequency envelope information via a vibrating probe on the index fingertip. The study involved 23 NH listeners and 14 CI users. In both groups, significant tactile enhancements were observed for congruent tactile stimuli (5.3% for NH and 5.4% for CI participants), but not for incongruent tactile stimulation. These findings replicate previously observed tactile enhancement effects. Juxtaposing our study with previous research, the informational content of the tactile stimulus emerges as a modulator of intelligibility: Generally, congruent stimuli enhanced, non-matching tactile stimuli reduced, and neutral stimuli did not change test outcomes. We conclude that the temporal cues provided by congruent vibrotactile stimuli may aid in parsing continuous speech signals into syllables and words, consequently leading to the observed improvements in intelligibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Schulte
- Department of Experimental Otology of the Clinics of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Eriksholm Research Center, Oticon A/S, Snekkersten, Denmark.
| | - Jeremy Marozeau
- Music and Cochlear Implants Lab, Department of Health Technology, Technical University Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Ruhe
- Department of Experimental Otology of the Clinics of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Büchner
- Department of Experimental Otology of the Clinics of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrej Kral
- Department of Experimental Otology of the Clinics of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hamish Innes-Brown
- Eriksholm Research Center, Oticon A/S, Snekkersten, Denmark
- Hearing Systems Section, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Jiang M, Zhu Y, Xue L, Shu W, Li X, Chen H, Li Y, Chen Y, Chai Y, Zhang Y, Chu Y, Song Y, Tao X, Wang Z, Wu H. Impact of inner ear malformation and cochlear nerve deficiency on the development of auditory-language network in children with profound sensorineural hearing loss. eLife 2023; 12:e85983. [PMID: 37697742 PMCID: PMC10497283 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) prevents children from developing spoken language. Cochlear implantation and auditory brainstem implantation can provide partial hearing sensation, but language development outcomes can vary, particularly for patients with inner ear malformations and/or cochlear nerve deficiency (IEM&CND). Currently, the peripheral auditory structure is evaluated through visual inspection of clinical imaging, but this method is insufficient for surgical planning and prognosis. The central auditory pathway is also challenging to examine in vivo due to its delicate subcortical structures. Previous attempts to locate subcortical auditory nuclei using fMRI responses to sounds are not applicable to patients with profound hearing loss as no auditory brainstem responses can be detected in these individuals, making it impossible to capture corresponding blood oxygen signals in fMRI. In this study, we developed a new pipeline for mapping the auditory pathway using structural and diffusional MRI. We used a fixel-based approach to investigate the structural development of the auditory-language network for profound SNHL children with normal peripheral structure and those with IEM&CND under 6 years old. Our findings indicate that the language pathway is more sensitive to peripheral auditory condition than the central auditory pathway, highlighting the importance of early intervention for profound SNHL children to provide timely speech inputs. We also propose a comprehensive pre-surgical evaluation extending from the cochlea to the auditory-language network, showing significant correlations between age, gender, Cn.VIII median contrast value, and the language network with post-implant qualitative outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxuan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Mengda Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Lu Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Wenying Shu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Hongsai Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Yongchuan Chai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Yinghua Chu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers LtdShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Song
- MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthineers LtdShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaofeng Tao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhaoyan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseasesShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseasesShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin CHP, Orukari I, Frisk LK, Verma M, Chetia S, Beslija F, Eggebrecht AT, Durduran T, Culver JP, Trobaugh JW. Anatomical Modeling and Optimization of Speckle Contrast Optical Tomography. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.06.556565. [PMID: 37732196 PMCID: PMC10508753 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.06.556565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods for mapping cerebral blood flow (CBF), such as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, offer only isolated snapshots of CBF due to scanner logistics. Speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) is a promising optical technique for mapping CBF. However, while SCOT has been established in mice, the method has not yet been demonstrated in humans - partly due to a lack of anatomical reconstruction methods and uncertainty over the optimal design parameters. Herein we develop SCOT reconstruction methods that leverage MRI-based anatomical head models and finite-element modeling of the SCOT forward problem (NIRFASTer). We then simulate SCOT for CBF perturbations to evaluate sensitivity of imaging performance to exposure time and SD-distances. We find image resolution comparable to intensity-based diffuse optical tomography at superficial cortical tissue depth (~1.5 cm). Localization errors can be reduced by including longer SD-measurements. With longer exposure times speckle contrast decreases, however, noise decreases faster, resulting in a net increase in SNR. Specifically, extending exposure time from 10μs to 10ms increased SCOT SNR by 1000X. Overall, our modeling methods provide anatomically-based image reconstructions that can be used to evaluate a broad range of tissue conditions, measurement parameters, and noise sources and inform SCOT system design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hao P. Lin
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Inema Orukari
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lisa Kobayashi Frisk
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manish Verma
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sumana Chetia
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Faruk Beslija
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Jason W. Trobaugh
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou XQ, Zhang QL, Xi X, Leng MR, Liu H, Liu S, Zhang T, Yuan W. Cortical responses correlate with speech performance in pre-lingually deaf cochlear implant children. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1126813. [PMID: 37332858 PMCID: PMC10272438 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1126813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cochlear implantation is currently the most successful intervention for severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss, particularly in deaf infants and children. Nonetheless, there remains a significant degree of variability in the outcomes of CI post-implantation. The purpose of this study was to understand the cortical correlates of the variability in speech outcomes with a cochlear implant in pre-lingually deaf children using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an emerging brain-imaging technique. Methods In this experiment, cortical activities when processing visual speech and two levels of auditory speech, including auditory speech in quiet and in noise with signal-to-noise ratios of 10 dB, were examined in 38 CI recipients with pre-lingual deafness and 36 normally hearing children whose age and sex matched CI users. The HOPE corpus (a corpus of Mandarin sentences) was used to generate speech stimuli. The regions of interest (ROIs) for the fNIRS measurements were fronto-temporal-parietal networks involved in language processing, including bilateral superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral inferior parietal lobes. Results The fNIRS results confirmed and extended findings previously reported in the neuroimaging literature. Firstly, cortical responses of superior temporal gyrus to both auditory and visual speech in CI users were directly correlated to auditory speech perception scores, with the strongest positive association between the levels of cross-modal reorganization and CI outcome. Secondly, compared to NH controls, CI users, particularly those with good speech perception, showed larger cortical activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus in response to all speech stimuli used in the experiment. Discussion In conclusion, cross-modal activation to visual speech in the auditory cortex of pre-lingually deaf CI children may be at least one of the neural bases of highly variable CI performance due to its beneficial effects for speech understanding, thus supporting the prediction and assessment of CI outcomes in clinic. Additionally, cortical activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus may be a cortical marker for effortful listening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Ling Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Rong Leng
- Chongqing Integrated Service Center for Disabled Persons, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Chongqing Integrated Service Center for Disabled Persons, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Chongqing Integrated Service Center for Disabled Persons, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Chongqing Integrated Service Center for Disabled Persons, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hancock AS, Warren CM, Barrett TS, Bolton DAE, Gillam RB. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy measures of neural activity in children with and without developmental language disorder during a working memory task. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2895. [PMID: 36706040 PMCID: PMC9927862 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) exhibit cognitive deficits that interfere with their ability to learn language. Little is known about the functional neuroanatomical differences between children developing typically (TD) and children with DLD. METHODS Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we recorded oxygenated hemoglobin (O2 hb) concentration values associated with neural activity in children with and without DLD during an auditory N-back task that included 0-back, 1-back, and 2-back conditions. Analyses focused on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Multilevel models were constructed with accuracy, response time, and O2 hb as outcome measures, with 0-back outcomes as fixed effects to control for sustained attention. RESULTS Children with DLD were significantly less accurate than their TD peers at both the 1-back and 2-back tasks, and they demonstrated slower response times during 2-back. In addition, children in the TD group demonstrated significantly greater sensitivity to increased task difficulty, showing increased O2 hb to the IPL during 1-back and to the DLPFC during the 2-back, whereas the DLD group did not. A secondary analysis revealed that higher O2 hb in the DLPFC predicted better task accuracy across groups. CONCLUSION When task difficulty increased, children with DLD failed to recruit the DLPFC for monitoring information and the IPL for processing information. Reduced memory capacity and reduced engagement likely contribute to the language learning difficulties of children with DLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tyson S Barrett
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - David A E Bolton
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Ronald B Gillam
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sherafati A, Dwyer N, Bajracharya A, Hassanpour MS, Eggebrecht AT, Firszt JB, Culver JP, Peelle JE. Prefrontal cortex supports speech perception in listeners with cochlear implants. eLife 2022; 11:e75323. [PMID: 35666138 PMCID: PMC9225001 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear implants are neuroprosthetic devices that can restore hearing in people with severe to profound hearing loss by electrically stimulating the auditory nerve. Because of physical limitations on the precision of this stimulation, the acoustic information delivered by a cochlear implant does not convey the same level of acoustic detail as that conveyed by normal hearing. As a result, speech understanding in listeners with cochlear implants is typically poorer and more effortful than in listeners with normal hearing. The brain networks supporting speech understanding in listeners with cochlear implants are not well understood, partly due to difficulties obtaining functional neuroimaging data in this population. In the current study, we assessed the brain regions supporting spoken word understanding in adult listeners with right unilateral cochlear implants (n=20) and matched controls (n=18) using high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT), a quiet and non-invasive imaging modality with spatial resolution comparable to that of functional MRI. We found that while listening to spoken words in quiet, listeners with cochlear implants showed greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex than listeners with normal hearing, specifically in a region engaged in a separate spatial working memory task. These results suggest that listeners with cochlear implants require greater cognitive processing during speech understanding than listeners with normal hearing, supported by compensatory recruitment of the left prefrontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arefeh Sherafati
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Noel Dwyer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Aahana Bajracharya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | | | - Adam T Eggebrecht
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Jill B Firszt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Jonathan E Peelle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| |
Collapse
|