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Drino A, König L, Capitanchik C, Sanadgol N, Janisiw E, Rappol T, Vilardo E, Schaefer MR. Identification of RNA helicases with unwinding activity on angiogenin-processed tRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1326-1352. [PMID: 36718960 PMCID: PMC9943664 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced tRNA fragmentation upon environmental insult is a conserved cellular process catalysed by endonucleolytic activities targeting mature tRNAs. The resulting tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) have been implicated in various biological processes that impact cell-to-cell signalling, cell survival as well as gene expression regulation during embryonic development. However, how endonuclease-targeted tRNAs give rise to individual and potentially biologically active tsRNAs remains poorly understood. Here, we report on the in vivo identification of proteins associated with stress-induced tsRNAs-containing protein complexes, which, together with a 'tracer tRNA' assay, were used to uncover enzymatic activities that can bind and process specific endonuclease-targeted tRNAs in vitro. Among those, we identified conserved ATP-dependent RNA helicases which can robustly separate tRNAs with endonuclease-mediated 'nicks' in their anticodon loops. These findings shed light on the existence of cellular pathways dedicated to producing individual tsRNAs after stress-induced tRNA hydrolysis, which adds to our understanding as to how tRNA fragmentation and the resulting tsRNAs might exert physiological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksej Drino
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17-I, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa König
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17-I, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nasim Sanadgol
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17-I, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Janisiw
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17-I, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tom Rappol
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17-I, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Vilardo
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17-I, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias R Schaefer
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17-I, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Doneti R, Pasha A, Botlagunta M, Heena SK, Mutyala VVVP, Pawar SC. Molecular docking, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 7-azaindole-derivative (7AID) as novel anti-cancer agent and potent DDX3 inhibitor:-an in silico and in vitro approach. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:179. [PMID: 36048256 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The DEAD-box helicase family member DDX3 is involved in many diseases, such as viral infection, inflammation, and cancer. Many studies in the last decade have revealed the role of DDX3 in tumorigenesis and metastasis. DDX3 has both tumour suppressor and oncogenic effect, in the present study we have evaluated the expression levels of DDX3 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma at mRNA level via real-time PCR and protein level via Immunohistochemistry. DDX3 has become a molecule of interest in cancer biology that promotes drug resistance by adaptive response inevitably leading to treatment failure. One approach to avoid the development of resistant to disease is to create novel drugs that target the overexpressed proteins, we designed and synthesized a novel 7-azaindole derivative (7-AID) compound, {5-[1H-pyrrolo (2, 3-b) pyridin-5-yl] pyridin-2-ol]} that could lodge within the adenosine-binding pocket of the DDX3 (PDB ID: 2I4I). The binding efficacy of 7-AID compound with DDX3 was analysed by molecular docking studies. 7-AID was found to interact with the key residues Tyr200 and Arg202 from the Q-motif rendered by π-interactions and hydrogen bonds within the binding pocket with good docking score - 7.99 kcal/mol. The cytotoxicity effect of 7-AID compound was evaluated using MTT assay on human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) and breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA MB-231) and the compound shown effective inhibitory concentration (IC50) on Hela cells 16.96 µM/ml and 14.12 and 12.69 µM/ml on MCF-7 and MDA MB-231, respectively. Further, the in-vitro, in-vivo anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic assessment of 7-AID compound was evaluated on Hela cells using scratch wound-healing assay, DAPI staining, cell cycle analysis, immunoblotting, and chorioallontoic membrane assay. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of derivative compound on DDX3 was investigated in HeLa, MCF-7, and MDA MB-231 cells at the mRNA and protein levels. The results showed that the 7-AID compound effectively inhibited DDX3 in a dose-dependent manner, and the findings suggest that the compound could be used as a potential DDX3 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Doneti
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
| | - Akbar Pasha
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
| | - Mahendran Botlagunta
- School of Biosciences Engineering and Technology, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 466114, India
| | - S K Heena
- Department of Pathology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500095, India
| | | | - Smita C Pawar
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India.
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3
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Hu W, Zeng H, Shi Y, Zhou C, Huang J, Jia L, Xu S, Feng X, Zeng Y, Xiong T, Huang W, Sun P, Chang Y, Li T, Fang C, Wu K, Cai L, Ni W, Li Y, Yang Z, Zhang QC, Chian R, Chen Z, Liang X, Kee K. Single-cell transcriptome and translatome dual-omics reveals potential mechanisms of human oocyte maturation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5114. [PMID: 36042231 PMCID: PMC9427852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined use of transcriptome and translatome as indicators of gene expression profiles is usually more accurate than the use of transcriptomes alone, especially in cell types governed by translational regulation, such as mammalian oocytes. Here, we developed a dual-omics methodology that includes both transcriptome and translatome sequencing (T&T-seq) of single-cell oocyte samples, and we used it to characterize the transcriptomes and translatomes during mouse and human oocyte maturation. T&T-seq analysis revealed distinct translational expression patterns between mouse and human oocytes and delineated a sequential gene expression regulation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during human oocyte maturation. By these means, we also identified a functional role of OOSP2 inducing factor in human oocyte maturation, as human recombinant OOSP2 induced in vitro maturation of human oocytes, which was blocked by anti-OOSP2. Single-oocyte T&T-seq analyses further elucidated that OOSP2 induces specific signaling pathways, including small GTPases, through translational regulation. Development of methods for simultaneous single cell analysis of transcription and translation is still underway. Here, Hu et al. develop single-cell transcriptome and translatome dual-omics on human oocytes, which enables them to identify OOSP2 as an induction factor during human oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Hu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zeng
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanchuan Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiana Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Xu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Zeng
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tuanlin Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wenze Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Chang
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Fang
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keliang Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Wuhua Ni
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology and Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - RiCheng Chian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, 200072, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kehkooi Kee
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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4
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Loh D, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8122. [PMID: 35897696 PMCID: PMC9368024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The relentless, protracted evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus imposes tremendous pressure on herd immunity and demands versatile adaptations by the human host genome to counter transcriptomic and epitranscriptomic alterations associated with a wide range of short- and long-term manifestations during acute infection and post-acute recovery, respectively. To promote viral replication during active infection and viral persistence, the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein regulates host cell microenvironment including pH and ion concentrations to maintain a high oxidative environment that supports template switching, causing extensive mitochondrial damage and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling cascades. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial distress induce dynamic changes to both the host and viral RNA m6A methylome, and can trigger the derepression of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1), resulting in global hypomethylation, epigenetic changes, and genomic instability. The timely application of melatonin during early infection enhances host innate antiviral immune responses by preventing the formation of "viral factories" by nucleocapsid liquid-liquid phase separation that effectively blockades viral genome transcription and packaging, the disassembly of stress granules, and the sequestration of DEAD-box RNA helicases, including DDX3X, vital to immune signaling. Melatonin prevents membrane depolarization and protects cristae morphology to suppress glycolysis via antioxidant-dependent and -independent mechanisms. By restraining the derepression of LINE1 via multifaceted strategies, and maintaining the balance in m6A RNA modifications, melatonin could be the quintessential ancient molecule that significantly influences the outcome of the constant struggle between virus and host to gain transcriptomic and epitranscriptomic dominance over the host genome during acute infection and PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX 78654, USA;
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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5
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Hoye ML, Calviello L, Poff AJ, Ejimogu NE, Newman CR, Montgomery MD, Ou J, Floor SN, Silver DL. Aberrant cortical development is driven by impaired cell cycle and translational control in a DDX3X syndrome model. eLife 2022; 11:e78203. [PMID: 35762573 PMCID: PMC9239684 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the RNA helicase, DDX3X, are a leading cause of Intellectual Disability and present as DDX3X syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with cortical malformations and autism. Yet, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which DDX3X controls cortical development are largely unknown. Here, using a mouse model of Ddx3x loss-of-function we demonstrate that DDX3X directs translational and cell cycle control of neural progenitors, which underlies precise corticogenesis. First, we show brain development is sensitive to Ddx3x dosage; complete Ddx3x loss from neural progenitors causes microcephaly in females, whereas hemizygous males and heterozygous females show reduced neurogenesis without marked microcephaly. In addition, Ddx3x loss is sexually dimorphic, as its paralog, Ddx3y, compensates for Ddx3x in the developing male neocortex. Using live imaging of progenitors, we show that DDX3X promotes neuronal generation by regulating both cell cycle duration and neurogenic divisions. Finally, we use ribosome profiling in vivo to discover the repertoire of translated transcripts in neural progenitors, including those which are DDX3X-dependent and essential for neurogenesis. Our study reveals invaluable new insights into the etiology of DDX3X syndrome, implicating dysregulated progenitor cell cycle dynamics and translation as pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah L Hoye
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Lorenzo Calviello
- Centre for Functional Genomics, Human TechnopoleMilanItaly
- Centre for Computational Biology, Human TechnopoleMilanItaly
| | - Abigail J Poff
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Nna-Emeka Ejimogu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Carly R Newman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Maya D Montgomery
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | - Stephen N Floor
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, UCSFSan FranciscoUnited States
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Debra L Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
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6
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DDX3X coordinates host defense against influenza virus by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and type I interferon response. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100579. [PMID: 33766561 PMCID: PMC8081917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses and hosts have coevolved for millions of years, leading to the development of complex host-pathogen interactions. Influenza A virus (IAV) causes severe pulmonary pathology and is a recurrent threat to human health. Innate immune sensing of IAV triggers a complex chain of host responses. IAV has adapted to evade host defense mechanisms, and the host has coevolved to counteract these evasion strategies. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the balance between host defense and viral immune evasion is poorly understood. Here, we show that the host protein DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked (DDX3X) is critical to orchestrate a multifaceted antiviral innate response during IAV infection, coordinating the activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, assembly of stress granules, and type I interferon (IFN) responses. DDX3X activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to WT IAV, which carries the immune evasive nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). However, in the absence of NS1, DDX3X promoted the formation of stress granules that facilitated efficient activation of type I IFN signaling. Moreover, induction of DDX3X-containing stress granules by external stimuli after IAV infection led to increased type I IFN signaling, suggesting that NS1 actively inhibits stress granule-mediated host responses and DDX3X-mediated NLRP3 activation counteracts this action. Furthermore, the loss of DDX3X expression in myeloid cells caused severe pulmonary pathogenesis and morbidity in IAV-infected mice. Together, our findings show that DDX3X orchestrates alternate modes of innate host defense which are critical to fight against NS1-mediated immune evasion strategies during IAV infection.
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7
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Sergeeva O, Zatsepin T. RNA Helicases as Shadow Modulators of Cell Cycle Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2984. [PMID: 33804185 PMCID: PMC8001981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progress of the cell cycle is directly regulated by modulation of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. However, many proteins that control DNA replication, RNA transcription and the synthesis and degradation of proteins can manage the activity or levels of master cell cycle regulators. Among them, RNA helicases are key participants in RNA metabolism involved in the global or specific tuning of cell cycle regulators at the level of transcription and translation. Several RNA helicases have been recently evaluated as promising therapeutic targets, including eIF4A, DDX3 and DDX5. However, targeting RNA helicases can result in side effects due to the influence on the cell cycle. In this review, we discuss direct and indirect participation of RNA helicases in the regulation of the cell cycle in order to draw attention to downstream events that may occur after suppression or inhibition of RNA helicases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sergeeva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30b1, 121205 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Timofei Zatsepin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30b1, 121205 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Nguyen LTS, Robinson DN. The Unusual Suspects in Cytokinesis: Fitting the Pieces Together. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:441. [PMID: 32626704 PMCID: PMC7314909 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the step of the cell cycle in which the cell must faithfully separate the chromosomes and cytoplasm, yielding two daughter cells. The assembly and contraction of the contractile network is spatially and temporally coupled with the formation of the mitotic spindle to ensure the successful completion of cytokinesis. While decades of studies have elucidated the components of this machinery, the so-called usual suspects, and their functions, many lines of evidence are pointing to other unexpected proteins and sub-cellular systems as also being involved in cytokinesis. These we term the unusual suspects. In this review, we introduce recent discoveries on some of these new unusual suspects and begin to consider how these subcellular systems snap together to help complete the puzzle of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly T. S. Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Douglas N. Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, United States
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9
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Lennox AL, Hoye ML, Jiang R, Johnson-Kerner BL, Suit LA, Venkataramanan S, Sheehan CJ, Alsina FC, Fregeau B, Aldinger KA, Moey C, Lobach I, Afenjar A, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Bézieau S, Blackburn PR, Bunt J, Burglen L, Campeau PM, Charles P, Chung BHY, Cogné B, Curry C, D'Agostino MD, Di Donato N, Faivre L, Héron D, Innes AM, Isidor B, Keren B, Kimball A, Klee EW, Kuentz P, Küry S, Martin-Coignard D, Mirzaa G, Mignot C, Miyake N, Matsumoto N, Fujita A, Nava C, Nizon M, Rodriguez D, Blok LS, Thauvin-Robinet C, Thevenon J, Vincent M, Ziegler A, Dobyns W, Richards LJ, Barkovich AJ, Floor SN, Silver DL, Sherr EH. Pathogenic DDX3X Mutations Impair RNA Metabolism and Neurogenesis during Fetal Cortical Development. Neuron 2020; 106:404-420.e8. [PMID: 32135084 PMCID: PMC7331285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
De novo germline mutations in the RNA helicase DDX3X account for 1%-3% of unexplained intellectual disability (ID) cases in females and are associated with autism, brain malformations, and epilepsy. Yet, the developmental and molecular mechanisms by which DDX3X mutations impair brain function are unknown. Here, we use human and mouse genetics and cell biological and biochemical approaches to elucidate mechanisms by which pathogenic DDX3X variants disrupt brain development. We report the largest clinical cohort to date with DDX3X mutations (n = 107), demonstrating a striking correlation between recurrent dominant missense mutations, polymicrogyria, and the most severe clinical outcomes. We show that Ddx3x controls cortical development by regulating neuron generation. Severe DDX3X missense mutations profoundly disrupt RNA helicase activity, induce ectopic RNA-protein granules in neural progenitors and neurons, and impair translation. Together, these results uncover key mechanisms underlying DDX3X syndrome and highlight aberrant RNA metabolism in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Lennox
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mariah L Hoye
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ruiji Jiang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Lindsey A Suit
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Srivats Venkataramanan
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Charles J Sheehan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Fernando C Alsina
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brieana Fregeau
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Ching Moey
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Iryna Lobach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et Département de génétique et embryologie médicale, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Patrick R Blackburn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jens Bunt
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et Département de génétique et embryologie médicale, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Perrine Charles
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière et Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin Cogné
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Cynthia Curry
- Genetic Medicine, University of California San Francisco/Fresno, Fresno, CA 93701, USA
| | - Maria Daniela D'Agostino
- Division of Medical Genetics, Departments of Specialized Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, INSERM UMR 1231 GAD, CHU de Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- APHP, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Boris Keren
- APHP, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Amy Kimball
- Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paul Kuentz
- UMR-INSERM 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Ghayda Mirzaa
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière et Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Caroline Nava
- APHP, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Diana Rodriguez
- Centre de Référence Neurogénétique & Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Lot Snijders Blok
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Centre de référence Déficience Intellectuelle, INSERM UMR 1231 GAD, CHU de Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, INSERM UMR 1231 GAD, CHU de Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - William Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Linda J Richards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - A James Barkovich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stephen N Floor
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Debra L Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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10
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Fan J, Campioli E, Sottas C, Zirkin B, Papadopoulos V. Amhr2-Cre-Mediated Global Tspo Knockout. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa001. [PMID: 32099945 PMCID: PMC7031085 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of translocator protein (TSPO) in cholesterol transport in steroid-synthesizing cells has been studied extensively, recent studies of TSPO genetic depletion have questioned its role. Amhr2-Cre mice have been used to generate Leydig cell-specific Tspo conditional knockout (cKO) mice. Using the same Cre line, we were unable to generate Tspo cKO mice possibly because of genetic linkage between Tspo and Amhr2 and coexpression of Amhr2-Cre and Tspo in early embryonic development. We found that Amhr2-Cre is expressed during preimplantation stages, resulting in global heterozygous mice (gHE; Amhr2-Cre+/–,Tspo–/+). Two gHE mice were crossed, generating Amhr2-Cre–mediated Tspo global knockout (gKO; Tspo–/–) mice. We found that 33.3% of blastocysts at E3.5 to E4.5 showed normal morphology, whereas 66.7% showed delayed development, which correlates with the expected Mendelian proportions of Tspo+/+ (25%), Tspo–/– (25%), and Tspo+/– (50%) genotypes from crossing 2 Tspo–/+ mice. Adult Tspo gKO mice exhibited disturbances in neutral lipid homeostasis and reduced intratesticular and circulating testosterone levels, but no change in circulating basal corticosterone levels. RNA-sequencing data from mouse adrenal glands and lungs revealed transcriptome changes in response to the loss of TSPO, including changes in several cholesterol-binding and transfer proteins. This study demonstrates that Amhr2-Cre can be used to produce Tspo gKO mice instead of cKO, and can serve as a new global “Cre deleter.” Moreover, our results show that Tspo deletion causes delayed preimplantation embryonic development, alters neutral lipid storage and steroidogenesis, and leads to transcriptome changes that may reflect compensatory mechanisms in response to the loss of function of TSPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiang Fan
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Enrico Campioli
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Sottas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, US
| | - Barry Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, US
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, US
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11
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Samir P, Kesavardhana S, Patmore DM, Gingras S, Malireddi RKS, Karki R, Guy CS, Briard B, Place DE, Bhattacharya A, Sharma BR, Nourse A, King SV, Pitre A, Burton AR, Pelletier S, Gilbertson RJ, Kanneganti TD. DDX3X acts as a live-or-die checkpoint in stressed cells by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome. Nature 2019; 573:590-594. [PMID: 31511697 PMCID: PMC6980284 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1551-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cellular stress response has a vital role in regulating homeostasis by modulating cell survival and death. Stress granules are cytoplasmic compartments that enable cells to survive various stressors. Defects in the assembly and disassembly of stress granules are linked to neurodegenerative diseases, aberrant antiviral responses and cancer1-5. Inflammasomes are multi-protein heteromeric complexes that sense molecular patterns that are associated with damage or intracellular pathogens, and assemble into cytosolic compartments known as ASC specks to facilitate the activation of caspase-1. Activation of inflammasomes induces the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and drives cell fate towards pyroptosis-a form of programmed inflammatory cell death that has major roles in health and disease6-12. Although both stress granules and inflammasomes can be triggered by the sensing of cellular stress, they drive contrasting cell-fate decisions. The crosstalk between stress granules and inflammasomes and how this informs cell fate has not been well-studied. Here we show that the induction of stress granules specifically inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation, ASC speck formation and pyroptosis. The stress granule protein DDX3X interacts with NLRP3 to drive inflammasome activation. Assembly of stress granules leads to the sequestration of DDX3X, and thereby the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Stress granules and the NLRP3 inflammasome compete for DDX3X molecules to coordinate the activation of innate responses and subsequent cell-fate decisions under stress conditions. Induction of stress granules or loss of DDX3X in the myeloid compartment leads to a decrease in the production of inflammasome-dependent cytokines in vivo. Our findings suggest that macrophages use the availability of DDX3X to interpret stress signals and choose between pro-survival stress granules and pyroptotic ASC specks. Together, our data demonstrate the role of DDX3X in driving NLRP3 inflammasome and stress granule assembly, and suggest a rheostat-like mechanistic paradigm for regulating live-or-die cell-fate decisions under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimal Samir
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sannula Kesavardhana
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Deanna M Patmore
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastien Gingras
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Clifford S Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Benoit Briard
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David E Place
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anannya Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amanda Nourse
- The Molecular Interaction Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sharon V King
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, Light Microscopy Division, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Aaron Pitre
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, Light Microscopy Division, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Amanda R Burton
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephane Pelletier
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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12
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Che Q, Wang W, Duan P, Fang F, Liu C, Zhou T, Li H, Xiong C, Zhao K. Downregulation of miR-322 promotes apoptosis of GC-2 cell by targeting Ddx3x. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:63. [PMID: 31382975 PMCID: PMC6683552 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant DNA damage of germ cells, which impairs spermatogenesis and lowers fertility, is an important factor contributing to male infertility. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in the expression and regulation of multiple genes during spermatogenesis. Our previous study found much lower miR-424 (murine homologue miR-322) levels in the seminal plasma of infertile patients with high DFI(DNA Fragmentation Index)than in the fertile group. However, the mechanism by which miR-322 regulates germ cells during spermatogenesis remains unknown. METHODS In this study, we successfully established a GC-2 cell model of miR-322 downregulation resulting in impaired spermatogenesis. And the cell viability were measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8; Dojindo, Japan) and MTT (Sigma Aldrich, USA). Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect cell damage and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins were measured using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. Target genes were predicted and verified by online database retrieval and Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS We observed evident decreases in the cell viability of GC-2 cells along with remarkable increases in apoptosis after miR-322 inhibition. While the expression of apoptosis-related genes, including Bax and caspases 3, 9, and 8 greatly increased in GC-2 cells after miR-322 downregulation, that of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene decreased. Ddx3x was found to be the direct target of miR-322. MiR-424 was then detected in the seminal plasma of infertile patients with high DFI(DNA Fragmentation Index); this miRNA was down-regulated but Ddx3x was upregulated in the infertile group. CONCLUSION MiR-322 plays a key role in promoting GC-2 cell apoptosis by directly regulating Ddx3x expression. MiR-424 downregulation in infertile men may induce spermatogenic cell apoptosis and sperm DNA damage by directly acting on the target gene locus Ddx3x, resulting in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Che
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Peng Duan
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Honggang Li
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Chengling Xiong
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Family Planning Research Institute/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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DDX3 Participates in Translational Control of Inflammation Induced by Infections and Injuries. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 39:MCB.00285-18. [PMID: 30373933 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00285-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that DDX3 functions in antiviral innate immunity, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We previously identified target mRNAs whose translation is controlled by DDX3. Pathway enrichment analysis of these targets indicated that DDX3 is involved in various infections and inflammation. Using immunoblotting, we confirmed that PACT, STAT1, GNB2, Rac1, TAK1, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins are downregulated by DDX3 knockdown in human monocytic THP-1 cells and epithelial HeLa cells. Polysome profiling revealed that DDX3 knockdown reduces the translational efficiency of target mRNAs. We further demonstrated DDX3-mediated translational control of target mRNAs by luciferase reporter assays. To examine the effects of DDX3 knockdown on macrophage migration and phagocytosis, we performed in vitro cell migration assay and flow cytometry analysis of the uptake of green fluorescent protein-expressing Escherichia coli in THP-1 cells. The DDX3 knockdown cells exhibited impaired macrophage migration and phagocytosis. Moreover, we used a human cytokine antibody array to identify the cytokines affected by DDX3 knockdown. Several chemokines were decreased considerably in DDX3 knockdown THP-1 cells after lipopolysaccharide or poly(I·C) stimulation. Lastly, we demonstrated that DDX3 is crucial for the recruitment of phagocytes to the site of inflammation in transgenic zebrafish.
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14
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Szappanos D, Tschismarov R, Perlot T, Westermayer S, Fischer K, Platanitis E, Kallinger F, Novatchkova M, Lassnig C, Müller M, Sexl V, Bennett KL, Foong-Sobis M, Penninger JM, Decker T. The RNA helicase DDX3X is an essential mediator of innate antimicrobial immunity. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007397. [PMID: 30475900 PMCID: PMC6283616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DExD/H box RNA helicases, such as the RIG-I-like receptors (RLR), are important components of the innate immune system. Here we demonstrate a pivotal and sex-specific role for the heterosomal isoforms of the DEAD box RNA helicase DDX3 in the immune system. Mice lacking DDX3X during hematopoiesis showed an altered leukocyte composition in bone marrow and spleen and a striking inability to combat infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Alterations in innate immune responses resulted from decreased effector cell availability and function as well as a sex-dependent impairment of cytokine synthesis. Thus, our data provide further in vivo evidence for an essential contribution of a non-RLR DExD/H RNA helicase to innate immunity and suggest it may contribute to sex-related differences in resistance to microbes and resilience to inflammatory disease. The establishment of innate immunity to pathogens requires cells to sense microbial molecules and to initiate a de novo transcription-based antimicrobial response. With the identification of Rig I and Mda5, two RNA helicases were shown to serve as pivotal receptors of viral RNA. Subsequently, a considerable number of RNA helicases were proposed to function as sensors or signal transducers for both microbial RNA and DNA. X-chromosome-encoded RNA helicase DDX3X was discovered as an interactor of the S/T kinase TBK1 which regulates the production of type I Interferons (IFN-I). However, the importance of DDX3X for innate immunity in an organismic context remained elusive. Here we describe and analyze mice lacking DDX3X in hematopoietic cells. We show contributions of DDX3X to hematopoiesis and a striking loss in resistance against Listeria monocytogenes. Our data reveal that DDX3X is critically involved in enhancing the expression of numerous antimicrobial genes. Consistently, production of important cytokines such as IL12 or IFNγ is reduced. Furthermore, DDX3X-deficient macrophages show reduced ability to restrict L. monocytogenes growth. Owing to partial redundancy with its close Y-chromosomal homologue, DDX3Y, the observed effects differ between mouse sexes. Thus, DDX3X may contribute to sex differences in immunity to pathogens and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Szappanos
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Tschismarov
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Perlot
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Westermayer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Fischer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ekaterini Platanitis
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Kallinger
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiryn L. Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michelle Foong-Sobis
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (JMP); (TD)
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (JMP); (TD)
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15
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Yu H, Liu Y, Niu C, Cheng Y. Diosgenin increased DDX3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3590-3599. [PMID: 30662610 PMCID: PMC6291714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer, one of the most common malignant tumors occurred worldwide, has emerged as a main health trouble and accounts for leading cancer-related death. Diosgenin is provided as an important material in the pharmaceutical industry, and is used to manage various medical troubles such as cancer because of its multiple bioactivities. DEAD box polypeptide 3 (DDX3) is involved in cancer biogenesis and modulates cancer progression. However, the role of DDX3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of diosgenin on HCC cells and whether DDX3 is involved in its antitumor activity. We observed that diosgenin dramatically inhibited cell proliferation, triggered apoptotic cell death, induced G2/M phase arrest, suppressed cell migration and invasion abilities. Moreover, the expression of DDX3 was measured and the results showed that DDX3 was significantly up-regulated upon diosgenin exposure. All together, our data indicated that diosgenin shows a cytotoxic effect on HCC cells and has potential therapeutic values for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Liver Disease, Yantai Infectious Diseases HospitalYantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanni Liu
- Department of Liver Disease, Yantai Infectious Diseases HospitalYantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanzhen Niu
- Department of Liver Disease, Yantai Infectious Diseases HospitalYantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated with Qingdao UniversityYantai, Shandong, China
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16
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Lin Y, Sui LC, Wu RH, Ma RJ, Fu HY, Xu JJ, Qiu XH, Chen L. Nrf2 inhibition affects cell cycle progression during early mouse embryo development. J Reprod Dev 2017; 64:49-55. [PMID: 29249781 PMCID: PMC5830358 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Brusatol, a quassinoid isolated from the fruit of Bruceajavanica, has recently been shown to inhibit nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) via Keap1-dependent ubiquitination and
proteasomal degradation or protein synthesis. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that regulates the cellular defense response. Most studies have focused on the effects of Nrf2 in tumor development. Here, the critical roles
of Nrf2 in mouse early embryonic development were investigated. We found that brusatol treatment at the zygotic stage prevented the early embryo development. Most embryos stayed at the two-cell stage after 5 days of
culture (P < 0.05). This effect was associated with the cell cycle arrest, as the mRNA level of CDK1 and cyclin B decreased at the two-cell stage after brusatol treatment. The embryo
development potency was partially rescued by the injection of Nrf2 CRISPR activation plasmid. Thus, brusatol inhibited early embryo development by affecting Nrf2-related cell cycle transition from G2 to M
phase that is dependent on cyclin B-CDK1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Cai Sui
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Hua Wu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Jun Ma
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Fu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Hua Qiu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
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17
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DDX3 localizes to the centrosome and prevents multipolar mitosis by epigenetically and translationally modulating p53 expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9411. [PMID: 28842590 PMCID: PMC5573351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3 plays divergent roles in tumorigenesis, however, its function in mitosis is unclear. Immunofluorescence indicated that DDX3 localized to centrosome throughout the cell cycle and colocalized with centrosome-associated p53 during mitosis in HCT116 and U2OS cells. DDX3 depletion promoted chromosome misalignment, segregation defects and multipolar mitosis, eventually leading to G2/M delay and cell death. DDX3 prevented multipolar mitosis by inactivation and coalescence of supernumerary centrosomes. DDX3 silencing suppressed Ser15 phosphorylation of p53 which is required for p53 centrosomal localization. Additionally, knockout of p53 dramatically diminished the association of DDX3 with centrosome, which was rescued by overexpression of the centrosomal targeting-defective p53 S15A mutant, indicating that centrosomal localization of DDX3 is p53 dependent but not through centrosomal location of p53. Furthermore, DDX3 knockdown suppressed p53 transcription through activation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) along with hypermethylation of p53 promoter and promoting the binding of repressive histone marks to p53 promoter. Moreover, DDX3 modulated p53 mRNA translation. Taken together, our study suggests that DDX3 regulates epigenetic transcriptional and translational activation of p53 and colocalizes with p53 at centrosome during mitosis to ensure proper mitotic progression and genome stability, which supports the tumor-suppressive role of DDX3.
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Chen CY, Chan CH, Chen CM, Tsai YS, Tsai TY, Wu Lee YH, You LR. Targeted inactivation of murine Ddx3x: essential roles of Ddx3x in placentation and embryogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2905-2922. [PMID: 27179789 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-linked DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3 (DDX3X) is a multifunctional protein that has been implicated in gene regulation, cell cycle control, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. However, the precise physiological function of Ddx3x during development remains unknown. Here, we show that loss of Ddx3x results in an early post-implantation lethality in male mice. The size of the epiblast marked by Oct3/4 is dramatically reduced in embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) Ddx3x-/Y embryos. Preferential paternal X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in extraembryonic tissues of Ddx3x heterozygous (Ddx3x-/+) female mice with a maternally inherited null allele leads to placental abnormalities and embryonic lethality during development. In the embryonic tissues, Ddx3x exhibits developmental- and tissue-specific differences in escape from XCI. Targeted Ddx3x ablation in the epiblast leads to widespread apoptosis and abnormal growth, which causes embryonic lethality in the Sox2-cre/+;Ddx3xflox/Y mutant around E11.5. The observation of significant increases in γH2AX and p-p53Ser15 indicates DNA damage, which suggests that loss of Ddx3x leads to higher levels of genome damage. Significant upregulation of p21WAF1/Cip1 and p15Ink4b results in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in Ddx3x-deficient cells. These results have uncovered that mouse Ddx3x is essential for both embryo and extraembryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun-Ming Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences.,VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yan-Hwa Wu Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology .,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ru You
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology .,VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Ding H, Xu Y, Gao D, Wang L. Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human renal tubular epithelial cell. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:662-669. [PMID: 27158358 PMCID: PMC4846915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling critically regulates embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Here, we investigated the role of Shh signaling in mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human renal tubular epithelial cells HKC-8. Our RT-PCR assays demonstrated that TGF-β1 induced time-dependent changes in the mRNA transcript levels of Shh, with a steady rise from one hour post TGF-β1 treatment and a peak at four hours post TGF-β1 treatment. Furthermore, TGF-β1 induced a time-dependent increase in the mRNA transcript levels of Gli1. Pre-treatment with 2 or 5 µM cyclopamine significantly attenuated TGF-β1-induced rise in the mRNA transcript levels of Gli1, but failed to attenuate TGF-β1-induced rise in Shh mRNA transcript levels. Additionally, immunoblotting assays and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that inhibition of Shh signaling by cyclopamine significantly attenuated TGF-β1-induced increase in the mRNA transcript levels of α-SMA, collagen I, and fibronectin. Gli1 overexpression induced Snail1 expression. Moreover, Gli(-/-) mice that had undergone unilateral ureteral obstruction for seven days showed significant reduction in the mRNA transcript levels of Snail1 compared to the wildtype controls. In conclusion, the current study provides novel insight into the regulation of EMT by the Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway, suggesting a critical role of Shh/Gli1 signaling in EMT of human renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- Division of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Division of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Di Gao
- Division of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Nephrology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
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20
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Bol GM, Xie M, Raman V. DDX3, a potential target for cancer treatment. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:188. [PMID: 26541825 PMCID: PMC4636063 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA helicases are a large family of proteins with a distinct motif, referred to as the DEAD/H (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His). The exact functions of all the human DEAD/H box proteins are unknown. However, it has been consistently demonstrated that these proteins are associated with several aspects of energy-dependent RNA metabolism, including translation, ribosome biogenesis, and pre-mRNA splicing. In addition, DEAD/H box proteins participate in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport and organellar gene expression. A member of this RNA helicase family, DDX3, has been identified in a variety of cellular biogenesis processes, including cell-cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, cell survival, and apoptosis. In cancer, DDX3 expression has been evaluated in patient samples of breast, lung, colon, oral, and liver cancer. Both tumor suppressor and oncogenic functions have been attributed to DDX3 and are discussed in this review. In general, there is concordance with in vitro evidence to support the hypothesis that DDX3 is associated with an aggressive phenotype in human malignancies. Interestingly, very few cancer types harbor mutations in DDX3, which result in altered protein function rather than a loss of function. Efficacy of drugs to curtail cancer growth is hindered by adaptive responses that promote drug resistance, eventually leading to treatment failure. One way to circumvent development of resistant disease is to develop novel drugs that target over-expressed proteins involved in this adaptive response. Moreover, if the target gene is developmentally regulated, there is less of a possibility to abruptly accumulate mutations leading to drug resistance. In this regard, DDX3 could be a druggable target for cancer treatment. We present an overview of DDX3 biology and the currently available DDX3 inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guus Martinus Bol
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Traylor 340, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Traylor 340, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Venu Raman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Traylor 340, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Lai MC, Sun HS, Wang SW, Tarn WY. DDX3 functions in antiviral innate immunity through translational control of PACT. FEBS J 2015; 283:88-101. [PMID: 26454002 PMCID: PMC7164078 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It has emerged that DDX3 plays a role in antiviral innate immunity. However, the exact mechanism by which DDX3 functions in antiviral innate immunity remains to be determined. We found that the expression of the protein activator of the interferon‐induced protein kinase (PACT) was regulated by DDX3 in human cells. PACT acts as a cellular activator of retinoic acid‐inducible gene‐I‐like receptors in the sensing of viral RNAs. DDX3 facilitated the translation of PACT mRNA that may contain a structured 5′ UTR. Knockdown of DDX3 decreased the viral RNA detection sensitivity of the cells. PACT partially rescued defects of interferon‐β1 and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5/RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) induction in DDX3‐knockdown HEK293 cells. Therefore, DDX3 may participate in antiviral innate immunity, at least in part, by translational control of PACT. Moreover, we show that overexpression of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein inhibited the translation of a reporter mRNA harboring the PACT 5′ UTR. The HCV core protein was associated and colocalized with DDX3 in cytoplasmic stress granules, suggesting that the HCV core may abrogate the function of DDX3 by sequestering DDX3 in stress granules. The perturbation of DDX3 by viral proteins delineates a critical role for DDX3 in antiviral host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chih Lai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - H Sunny Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shainn-Wei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Woan-Yuh Tarn
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Snijders Blok L, Madsen E, Juusola J, Gilissen C, Baralle D, Reijnders M, Venselaar H, Helsmoortel C, Cho M, Hoischen A, Vissers LE, Koemans T, Wissink-Lindhout W, Eichler E, Romano C, Van Esch H, Stumpel C, Vreeburg M, Smeets E, Oberndorff K, van Bon B, Shaw M, Gecz J, Haan E, Bienek M, Jensen C, Loeys B, Van Dijck A, Innes A, Racher H, Vermeer S, Di Donato N, Rump A, Tatton-Brown K, Parker M, Henderson A, Lynch S, Fryer A, Ross A, Vasudevan P, Kini U, Newbury-Ecob R, Chandler K, Male A, Dijkstra S, Schieving J, Giltay J, van Gassen K, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers J, Tan P, Pediaditakis I, Haas S, Retterer K, Reed P, Monaghan K, Haverfield E, Natowicz M, Myers A, Kruer M, Stein Q, Strauss K, Brigatti K, Keating K, Burton B, Kim K, Charrow J, Norman J, Foster-Barber A, Kline A, Kimball A, Zackai E, Harr M, Fox J, McLaughlin J, Lindstrom K, Haude K, van Roozendaal K, Brunner H, Chung W, Kooy R, Pfundt R, Kalscheuer V, Mehta S, Katsanis N, Kleefstra T, Kleefstra T. Mutations in DDX3X Are a Common Cause of Unexplained Intellectual Disability with Gender-Specific Effects on Wnt Signaling. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:343-52. [PMID: 26235985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1%-3% of humans with a gender bias toward males. Previous studies have identified mutations in more than 100 genes on the X chromosome in males with ID, but there is less evidence for de novo mutations on the X chromosome causing ID in females. In this study we present 35 unique deleterious de novo mutations in DDX3X identified by whole exome sequencing in 38 females with ID and various other features including hypotonia, movement disorders, behavior problems, corpus callosum hypoplasia, and epilepsy. Based on our findings, mutations in DDX3X are one of the more common causes of ID, accounting for 1%-3% of unexplained ID in females. Although no de novo DDX3X mutations were identified in males, we present three families with segregating missense mutations in DDX3X, suggestive of an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. In these families, all males with the DDX3X variant had ID, whereas carrier females were unaffected. To explore the pathogenic mechanisms accounting for the differences in disease transmission and phenotype between affected females and affected males with DDX3X missense variants, we used canonical Wnt defects in zebrafish as a surrogate measure of DDX3X function in vivo. We demonstrate a consistent loss-of-function effect of all tested de novo mutations on the Wnt pathway, and we further show a differential effect by gender. The differential activity possibly reflects a dose-dependent effect of DDX3X expression in the context of functional mosaic females versus one-copy males, which reflects the complex biological nature of DDX3X mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Ariumi Y. Multiple functions of DDX3 RNA helicase in gene regulation, tumorigenesis, and viral infection. Front Genet 2014; 5:423. [PMID: 25538732 PMCID: PMC4257086 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3 is a multifunctional protein involved in all aspects of RNA metabolism, including transcription, splicing, mRNA nuclear export, translation, RNA decay and ribosome biogenesis. In addition, DDX3 is also implicated in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, Wnt-β-catenin signaling, tumorigenesis, and viral infection. Notably, recent studies suggest that DDX3 is a component of anti-viral innate immune signaling pathways. Indeed, DDX3 contributes to enhance the induction of anti-viral mediators, interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 and type I IFN. However, DDX3 seems to be an important target for several viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and poxvirus. DDX3 interacts with HIV-1 Rev or HCV Core protein and modulates its function. At least, DDX3 is required for both HIV-1 and HCV replication. Therefore, DDX3 could be a novel therapeutic target for the development of drug against HIV-1 and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Ariumi
- Ariumi Project Laboratory, Center for AIDS Research - International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto, Japan
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