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Nie J, Ma W, Ma X, Zhu D, Li X, Wang C, Xu G, Chen C, Luo D, Xie S, Hu G, Chen P. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveal the Dynamic Process of Bama Hemp Seed Development and the Accumulation Mechanism of α-Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10862-10878. [PMID: 38712687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Bama County is a world-famous longevity county in the Guangxi Province, China. Bama hemp is a traditional seed used in hemp cultivation in the Bama County. The seeds contain abundant unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid (LA) and linolenic acid in the golden ratio. These two substances have been proven to be related to human health and the prevention of various diseases. However, the seed development and seed oil accumulation mechanisms remain unclear. This study employed a combined analysis of physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic parameters to elucidate the fatty acid formation patterns in Bama hemp seeds throughout development. We found that seed oil accumulated at a late stage in embryo development, with seed oil accumulation following an "S″-shaped growth curve, and positively correlated with seed size, sugar content, protein content, and starch content. Transcriptome analysis identified genes related to the metabolism of LA, α-linolenic acid (ALA), and jasmonic acid (JA). We found that the FAD2 gene was upregulated 165.26 folds and the FAD3 gene was downregulated 6.15 folds at day 21. Metabolomic changes in LA, ALA, and JA compounds suggested a competitive relationship among these substances. Our findings indicate that the peak period of substance accumulation and nutrient accumulation in Bama hemp seeds occurs during the midstage of seed development (day 21) rather than in the late stage (day 40). The results of this research will provide a theoretical basis for local cultivation and deep processing of Bama hemp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Nie
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Wenyue Ma
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xueyuan Ma
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - De Zhu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Caijin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Canni Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Dengjie Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Sichen Xie
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Guanjing Hu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China
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Shi A, Xu J, Guo Y, Rensing C, Chang J, Zhang T, Zhang L, Xing S, Ni W, Yang W. Jasmonic acid's impact on Sedum alfredii growth and cadmium tolerance: A physiological and transcriptomic study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169939. [PMID: 38211868 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution is escalating, necessitating effective remediation strategies. This study investigated the effects of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) on Sedum alfredii Hance under Cd stress, aiming to enhance its phytoextraction efficiency. Initially, experiments were conducted to assess the impact of various concentrations of JA added to environments with Cd concentrations of 100, 300, and 500 μmol/L. The results determined that a concentration of 1 μmol/L JA was optimal. This concentration effectively mitigated the level of ROS products by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, JA fostered Cd absorption and accumulation, while markedly improving plant biomass and photosynthetic performance. In further experiments, treatment with 1 μmol/L JA under 300 μmol/L Cd stress was performed and transcriptomic analysis unveiled a series of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) instrumental in the JA-mediated Cd stress response. These DEGs encompass not only pathways of JA biosynthesis and signaling but also genes encoding functions that influence antioxidant systems and photosynthesis, alongside genes pertinent to cell wall synthesis, and metal chelation and transport. This study highlights that JA treatment significantly enhances S. alfredii's Cd tolerance and accumulation, offering a promising strategy for plant remediation and deepening our understanding of plant responses to heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Shi
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Junlong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yingmin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Taoxiang Zhang
- College of Juncao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shihe Xing
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wuzhong Ni
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Gupta P, Parupudi PLC, Supriya L, Srivastava H, Padmaja G, Gopinath K. Complete genome sequencing and construction of full-length infectious cDNA clone of papaya ringspot virus-HYD isolate and its efficient in planta expression. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1310236. [PMID: 38107852 PMCID: PMC10721977 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1310236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a devastating Potyvirus that causes papaya ringspot disease in Carica papaya plantations globally. In this study, the complete genome sequence of a PRSV isolate from Shankarpalli, Telangana, India, was reported and designated as PRSV-HYD (KP743981.1). The genome is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA comprising 10,341 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PRSV-HYD is closely related to PRSV Pune (Aundh) isolate with 92 and 95% nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity, respectively. To develop infectious cDNA (icDNA), the complete nucleotide sequence of PRSV-HYD was cloned between the right and left borders in the binary vector pCB301 using BglII and XmaI restriction sites. Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) double promoter (35S) was fused at the 5'-end and Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) ribozyme (RZ) sequence was fused to the 3' end to generate an authentic 3' viral end in the transcribed mRNAs. The icDNA generated was mobilized into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA 105, and the agrobacterial cultures were infiltrated into the natural host C. papaya and a non-host Nicotiana benthamiana plants; both did not show any symptoms. In RT-PCR analysis of RNAs isolated from N. benthamiana, we could detect viral genes as early as 3 days and continued up to 28 days post infiltration. Alternatively, virion particles were purified from agroinfiltrated N. benthamiana plants and introduced into C. papaya by mechanical inoculation as well as by pinprick method. In both cases, we could see visible systemic symptoms similar to that of wild type by 40 days. Additionally, we studied the expression patterns of the genes related to plant defense, transcription factors (TFs), and developmental aspects from both C. papaya and N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kodetham Gopinath
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Putnam JG, Steiner JN, Richard JC, Leis E, Goldberg TL, Dunn CD, Agbalog R, Knowles S, Waller DL. Mussel mass mortality in the Clinch River, USA: metabolomics detects affected pathways and biomarkers of stress. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad074. [PMID: 37680611 PMCID: PMC10482074 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Biologists monitoring freshwater mussel (order Unionida) populations rely on behavioral, often subjective, signs to identify moribund ("sick") or stressed mussels, such as gaping valves and slow response to probing, and they lack clinical indicators to support a diagnosis. As part of a multi-year study to investigate causes of reoccurring mortality of pheasantshell (Ortmanniana pectorosa; synonym Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA, we analyzed the hemolymph metabolome of a subset of mussels from the 2018 sampling period. Mussels at the mortality sites were diagnosed in the field as affected (case) or unaffected (control) based on behavioral and physical signs. Hemolymph was collected in the field by non-lethal methods from the anterior adductor muscle for analysis. We used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy to detect targeted and untargeted metabolites in hemolymph and compared metabolomic profiles by field assessment of clinical status. Targeted biomarker analysis found 13 metabolites associated with field assessments of clinical status. Of these, increased gamma-linolenic acid and N-methyl-l-alanine were most indicative of case mussels, while adenine and inosine were the best indicators of control mussels. Five pathways in the targeted analysis differed by clinical status; two of these, purine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, were also indicated in the untargeted analysis. In the untargeted nalysis, 22 metabolic pathways were associated with clinical status. Many of the impacted pathways in the case group were catabolic processes, such as degradation of amino acids and fatty acids. Hierarchical clustering analysis matched clinical status in 72% (18 of 25) of mussels, with control mussels more frequently (5 of 16) not matching clinical status. Our study demonstrated that metabolomic analysis of hemolymph is suitable for assessing mussel condition and complements field-based indicators of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel G Putnam
- Conagen, Inc., 15 Deangelo Drive, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - John N Steiner
- US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse WI 54603, USA
| | - Jordan C Richard
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwestern Virginia Field Office, 330 Cummings Street, Abingdon, VA 24210, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison WI 53706, USA
| | - Eric Leis
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Midwest Fisheries Center, La Crosse Fish Health Center, 555 Lester Ave., Onalaska, WI 54650, USA
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison WI 53706, USA
- Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Christopher D Dunn
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison WI 53706, USA
| | - Rose Agbalog
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwestern Virginia Field Office, 330 Cummings Street, Abingdon, VA 24210, USA
| | - Susan Knowles
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Rd., Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Diane L Waller
- US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse WI 54603, USA
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Delgado Gómez LM, Torres-Mendoza D, Hernández-Torres K, Ortega HE, Cubilla-Rios L. Identification of Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove-Endophyte Lasiodiplodia iranensis F0619 by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Metabolites 2023; 13:912. [PMID: 37623856 PMCID: PMC10456654 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia is a widely distributed fungal genus, frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions where it can cause disease in important crops. It represents a promising source of active secondary metabolites with uses in chemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical processes. In this study, the strain Lasiodiplodia iranensis F0619 was isolated from the mangrove Avicennia ger-minans, collected from Sarigua National Park in the Republic of Panama. Fractions of crude extract were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and five compounds, previously reported from Lasiodiplodia genus were identified, including 11,12-didehydro-7-iso-jasmonic acid (1), 4,5-didehydro-7-iso-jasmonic acid (2), cyclo-(L-Leu-L-Pro) (3), jasmonate-threonine (4), and abscisic acid (5). We describe and analyze their MS/MS fragmentation patterns to confirm the compounds 'chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth M. Delgado Gómez
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama; (L.M.D.G.); (D.T.-M.); (K.H.-T.); (H.E.O.)
| | - Daniel Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama; (L.M.D.G.); (D.T.-M.); (K.H.-T.); (H.E.O.)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
| | - Kathleen Hernández-Torres
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama; (L.M.D.G.); (D.T.-M.); (K.H.-T.); (H.E.O.)
- Programa de Maestría en Microbiología Ambiental, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
| | - Humberto E. Ortega
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama; (L.M.D.G.); (D.T.-M.); (K.H.-T.); (H.E.O.)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama; (L.M.D.G.); (D.T.-M.); (K.H.-T.); (H.E.O.)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
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Seeds of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni as a Source of Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Bacteria with the Potential to Synthesize Rebaudioside A. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032174. [PMID: 36768498 PMCID: PMC9917351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new strain of Pantoea vagans, SRS89, was isolated from surface-sterilized stevia seeds. The isolate was evaluated using morphological, molecular, and biochemical methods. The bacterium was 1.5 μm long, yellowish in color, and classified as Gram-negative. Whole genome sequencing of our strain revealed the presence of a 4,610,019 bp chromosome, and genome annotation resulted in the detection of 4283 genes encoding 4204 putative coding sequences. Phylogenic analysis classified the genome of our strain close to the MP7 and LMG 24199 strains of P. vagans. Functional analysis showed that the highest number of genes within the analyzed bacterium genome were involved in transcription, amino acid transport and metabolism, and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. We also identified genes for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids and terpenoids. Furthermore, we showed the presence of growth regulators, with the highest amount noted for gibberellic acid A3, indole-3-acetic acid, and benzoic acid. However, the most promising property of this strain is its ability to synthesize rebaudioside A; the estimated amount quantified using reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC was 4.39 mg/g of the dry weight of the bacteria culture. The isolated endophytic bacterium may be an interesting new approach to the production of this valuable metabolite.
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Sugars and Jasmonic Acid Concentration in Root Exudates Affect Maize Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0097122. [PMID: 36073926 PMCID: PMC9499034 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00971-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Root exudates contribute to shaping the root-associated microbiomes, but it is unclear which of the many exudate compounds are important in this process. Here, we focused on understanding the influence of sugars and jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations in maize root exudates on the rhizobacterial communities. Twelve maize genotypes were identified with variable concentrations of sugars and JA based on a screening of 240 maize genotypes grown in a semihydroponic system. These twelve maize genotypes were grown in a replicated field experiment in which samples were collected at three maize developmental stages. The 16S rRNA gene (V4 region) was amplified and sequenced. Sugars and JA concentrations from rhizosphere soils were also quantified. The results indicated that the maize genotypic variability in sugars and JA concentration in root exudates, measured in the semihydroponic system, significantly affected the rhizosphere bacterial community composition at multiple stages plant development. In contrast, the root endosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities were only affected at specific growth stages. Sugars and JA concentration as quantified in rhizosphere soil samples confirmed that these two compounds affected the rhizobacterial communities at all developmental stages analyzed. The effects of specific sugars on the composition of the rhizobacterial communities were also measured, with larger effects of sucrose at earlier developmental stages and trehalose at later developmental stages. Our results indicate that JA and sugars are important root exudate compounds that influence the composition of the maize rhizobacterial communities. IMPORTANCE Roots secrete exudates that are important in interactions with soil microbes that promote plant growth and health. However, the exact chemical compounds in root exudates that participate in these interactions are not fully known. Here, we investigated whether sugars and the phytohormone jasmonic acid influence the composition of the rhizobacterial communities of maize, which is an important crop for food, feed, and energy. Our results revealed that both compounds contribute to the assemblage of rhizobacterial communities at different maize developmental stages. Knowledge about the specific compounds in root exudates that contribute to shape the rhizobiome will be important for future strategies to develop sustainable agricultural practices that are less dependent on agrochemicals.
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Beccaccioli M, Pucci N, Salustri M, Scortichini M, Zaccaria M, Momeni B, Loreti S, Reverberi M, Scala V. Fungal and bacterial oxylipins are signals for intra- and inter-cellular communication within plant disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:823233. [PMID: 36186042 PMCID: PMC9524268 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are central at various stages of host-pathogen interactions in determining virulence and modulating plant defense. Free fatty acids may act as substrates for oxidizing enzymes [e.g., lipoxygenases (LOXs) and dioxygenases (DOXs)] that synthesize oxylipins. Fatty acids and oxylipins function as modulators of several pathways in cell-to-cell communication; their structural similarity among plant, fungal, and bacterial taxa suggests potential in cross-kingdom communication. We provide a prospect of the known role of fatty acids and oxylipins in fungi and bacteria during plant-pathogen interactions. In the pathogens, oxylipin-mediated signaling pathways are crucial both in development and host infection. Here, we report on case studies suggesting that oxylipins derived from oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids are crucial in modulating the pathogenic lifestyle in the host plant. Intriguingly, overlapping (fungi-plant/bacteria-plant) results suggest that different inter-kingdom pathosystems use similar lipid signals to reshape the lifestyle of the contenders and occasionally determine the outcome of the challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Beccaccioli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Pucci
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Salustri
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccaria
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Babak Momeni
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Newton, MA, United States
| | - Stefania Loreti
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Scala
- Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
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Singh Y, Sharma R, Mishra M, Verma PK, Saxena AK. Crystal structure of ArOYE6 reveals a novel C‐terminal helical extension and mechanistic insights into the distinct class III OYEs from pathogenic fungi. FEBS J 2022; 289:5531-5550. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeshveer Singh
- Plant Immunity Laboratory National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi India
| | - Ruby Sharma
- Rm‐403/440 Structural Biology Laboratory School of Life Science Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Manasi Mishra
- Plant Immunity Laboratory National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Plant Immunity Laboratory National Institute of Plant Genome Research New Delhi India
- Plant Immunity Laboratory School of Life Science Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Ajay Kumar Saxena
- Rm‐403/440 Structural Biology Laboratory School of Life Science Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
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Nakano M, Omae N, Tsuda K. Inter-organismal phytohormone networks in plant-microbe interactions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102258. [PMID: 35820321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are produced by plants and play central roles in interactions with pathogenic and beneficial microbes as well as plant growth and development. Each phytohormone pathway consists of its biosynthesis, transport, perception, and signaling and is intertwined with each other at various levels to form phytohormone networks in plants. Different kinds of microbes also produce phytohormones that exert physiological roles within microbes and manipulate phytohormone networks in plants by using phytohormones, their mimics, and proteinaceous effectors. In turn, plant-derived phytohormones can directly or indirectly through plant signaling networks affect microbial metabolism and community assembly. Therefore, phytohormone networks in plants and microbes are connected through plant and microbial phytohormones and other molecules to form inter-organismal phytohormone networks. In this review, we summarize recent progress on molecular mechanisms of inter-organismal phytohormone networks and discuss future steps necessary for advancing our understanding of phytohormone networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Nakano
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Natsuki Omae
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
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Oliw EH. Iron and manganese lipoxygenases of plant pathogenic fungi and their role in biosynthesis of jasmonates. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 722:109169. [PMID: 35276213 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOX) contain catalytic iron (FeLOX), but fungi also produce LOX with catalytic manganese (MnLOX). In this review, the 3D structures and properties of fungal LOX are compared and contrasted along with their associations with pathogenicity. The 3D structures and properties of two MnLOX (Magnaporthe oryzae, Geaumannomyces graminis) and the catalysis of five additional MnLOX have provided information on the metal center, substrate binding, oxygenation, tentative O2 channels, and biosynthesis of exclusive hydroperoxides. In addition, the genomes of other plant pathogens also code for putative MnLOX. Crystals of the 13S-FeLOX of Fusarium graminearum revealed an unusual altered geometry of the Fe ligands between mono- and dimeric structures, influenced by a wrapping sequence extension near the C-terminal of the dimers. In plants, the enzymes involved in jasmonate synthesis are well documented whereas the fungal pathway is yet to be fully elucidated. Conversion of deuterium-labeled 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, and their 13S-hydroperoxides to jasmonates established 13S-FeLOX of F. oxysporum in the biosynthesis, while subsequent enzymes lacked sequence homologues in plants. The Rice-blast (M. oryzae) and the Take-all (G. graminis) fungi secrete MnLOX to support infection, invasive hyphal growth, and cell membrane oxidation, contributing to their devastating impact on world production of rice and wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst H Oliw
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Syrova DS, Shaposhnikov AI, Yuzikhin OS, Belimov AA. Destruction and Transformation of Phytohormones By Microorganisms. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Shen Z, Zheng P, Li R, Sun X, Chen P, Wu D. High production of jasmonic acid by Lasiodiplodia iranensis using solid-state fermentation: Optimization and understanding. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100550. [PMID: 35088946 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant hormone involved in regulating developmental and growth controls as well as photosynthesis. In addition, this hormone protects the plant against insects and has good applications in agriculture, the flavored industry and other fields. Filamentous fungus generally produces JA using liquid static culture. In the present study, a solid-state fermentation (SSF) method is developed for high production of JA using Lasiodiplodia iranensis. MAIN METHODS AND MAJOR RESULTS By selecting the solid substrate and optimizing the initial water content, inoculum volume, loading volume and other culture conditions, the maximum JA yield reached 5306.38 mg/kg when fermented for 12 days in a petri dish containing a medium with crushed wheat as the solid substrate and 75% initial water content. The logistic and Luedeking-Piret models were used to characterize the relationship between microbial growth and product synthesis in the SSF process, and the maximum JA production is predicted to be 5263.23 mg/kg, which is close to the experimental value. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is used to examine the metabolic changes that develop during fermentation. The results indicate that JA biosynthesis occurs in the α-linolenic acid metabolic pathway, of which 13(S)-HpOTrE is a key intermediate metabolite and both 13(S)-HOTrE and traumatic acid are byproducts of the branches of its synthesis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The results of this study provide a method for obtaining high JA yields by SSF, and offer new insights for understanding the production of JA by fungal fermentation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Pu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ruiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xingyun Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Dan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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14
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Bauters L, Stojilković B, Gheysen G. Pathogens pulling the strings: Effectors manipulating salicylic acid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1436-1448. [PMID: 34414650 PMCID: PMC8518561 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
During evolution, plants have developed sophisticated ways to cope with different biotic and abiotic stresses. Phytohormones and secondary metabolites are known to play pivotal roles in defence responses against invading pathogens. One of the key hormones involved in plant immunity is salicylic acid (SA), of which the role in plant defence is well established and documented. Plants produce an array of secondary metabolites categorized in different classes, with the phenylpropanoids as major players in plant immunity. Both SA and phenylpropanoids are needed for an effective immune response by the plant. To successfully infect the host, pathogens secrete proteins, called effectors, into the plant tissue to lower defence. Secreted effectors can interfere with several metabolic or signalling pathways in the host to facilitate infection. In this review, we will focus on the different strategies pathogens have developed to affect the levels of SA and phenylpropanoids to increase plant susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lander Bauters
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Boris Stojilković
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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15
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Tomato Domestication Affects Potential Functional Molecular Pathways of Root-Associated Soil Bacteria. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091942. [PMID: 34579474 PMCID: PMC8472556 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
While it has been well evidenced that plant domestication affects the structure of the root-associated microbiome, there is a poor understanding of how domestication-mediated differences between rhizosphere microorganisms functionally affect microbial ecosystem services. In this study, we explore how domestication influenced functional assembly patterns of bacterial communities in the root-associated soil of 27 tomato accessions through a transect of evolution, from plant ancestors to landraces to modern cultivars. Based on molecular analysis, functional profiles were predicted and co-occurrence networks were constructed based on the identification of co-presences of functional units in the tomato root-associated microbiome. The results revealed differences in eight metabolic pathway categories and highlighted the influence of the host genotype on the potential functions of soil bacterial communities. In general, wild tomatoes differed from modern cultivars and tomato landraces which showed similar values, although all ancestral functional characteristics have been conserved across time. We also found that certain functional groups tended to be more evolutionarily conserved in bacterial communities associated with tomato landraces than those of modern varieties. We hypothesize that the capacity of soil bacteria to provide ecosystem services is affected by agronomic practices linked to the domestication process, particularly those related to the preservation of soil organic matter.
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Sayer EJ, Crawford JA, Edgerley J, Askew AP, Hahn CZ, Whitlock R, Dodd IC. Adaptation to chronic drought modifies soil microbial community responses to phytohormones. Commun Biol 2021; 4:516. [PMID: 33941844 PMCID: PMC8093232 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought imposes stress on plants and associated soil microbes, inducing coordinated adaptive responses, which can involve plant-soil signalling via phytohormones. However, we know little about how microbial communities respond to phytohormones, or how these responses are shaped by chronic (long-term) drought. Here, we added three phytohormones (abscisic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, and jasmonic acid) to soils from long-term (25-year), field-based climate treatments to test the hypothesis that chronic drought alters soil microbial community responses to plant stress signalling. Phytohormone addition increased soil respiration, but this effect was stronger in irrigated than in droughted soils and increased soil respiration at low phytohormone concentrations could not be explained by their use as substrate. Thus, we show that drought adaptation within soil microbial communities modifies their responses to phytohormone inputs. Furthermore, distinct phytohormone-induced shifts in microbial functional groups in droughted vs. irrigated soils might suggest that drought-adapted soil microorganisms perceive phytohormones as stress-signals, allowing them to anticipate impending drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Sayer
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| | - John A Crawford
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - James Edgerley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Andrew P Askew
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christoph Z Hahn
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Raj Whitlock
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian C Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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