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Swaby EJ, Coe AL, Ansorge J, Caswell BA, Hayward SAL, Mander L, Stevens LG, McArdle A. The fossil insect assemblage associated with the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) oceanic anoxic event from Alderton Hill, Gloucestershire, UK. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299551. [PMID: 38630753 PMCID: PMC11023202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme global warming and environmental changes associated with the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE, ~183 Mya) profoundly impacted marine organisms and terrestrial plants. Despite the exceptionally elevated abundances of fossil insects from strata of this age, only assemblages from Germany and Luxembourg have been studied in detail. Here, we focus on the insect assemblage found in strata recording the T-OAE at Alderton Hill, Gloucestershire, UK, where <15% of specimens have previously been described. We located all known fossil insects (n = 370) from Alderton Hill, and used these to create the first comprehensive taxonomic and taphonomic analysis of the entire assemblage. We show that a diverse palaeoentomofaunal assemblage is preserved, comprising 12 orders, 21 families, 23 genera and 21 species. Fossil disarticulation is consistent with insect decay studies. The number of orders is comparable with present-day assemblages from similar latitudes (30°-40°N), including the Azores, and suggests that the palaeoentomofauna reflects a life assemblage. At Alderton, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Orthoptera are the commonest (56.1%) orders. The high abundance of Hemiptera (22.1%) and Orthoptera (13.4%) indicates well-vegetated islands, while floral changes related to the T-OAE may be responsible for hemipteran diversification. Predatory insects are relatively abundant (~10% of the total assemblage) and we hypothesise that the co-occurrence of fish and insects within the T-OAE represents a jubilee-like event. The marginally higher proportion of sclerotised taxa compared to present-day insect assemblages possibly indicates adaptation to environmental conditions or taphonomic bias. The coeval palaeoentomofauna from Strawberry Bank, Somerset is less diverse (9 orders, 12 families, 6 genera, 3 species) and is taphonomically biased. The Alderton Hill palaeoentomofauna is interpreted to be the best-preserved and most representative insect assemblage from Toarcian strata in the UK. This study provides an essential first step towards understanding the likely influence of the T-OAE on insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Swaby
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
| | - Angela L. Coe
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Ansorge
- Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bryony A. Caswell
- School of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Scott A. L. Hayward
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Mander
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
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Galvão-Silva FL, Araújo AS, Dias VS, do Nascimento AS, Joachim-Bravo IS. Responses of two Anastrepha species' immature stages infesting preferential hosts to different temperature exposures. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:342-350. [PMID: 38194155 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and A. obliqua (Macquart) are important pests of fruit crops. In Brazil, these species cause damage to fruit growing in the South (annual average temperature of 20.9 °C) and Northeast (average yearly temperature of 24 °C). We evaluated the effect of temperature on the viability and development time of A. fraterculus and A. obliqua immature stages in their respective preferred hosts, guava (Psidium guajava L., Myrtaceae) and mango (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae). The duration of egg and pupal stages, egg to pre-pupa, and viability of egg and pupal stages under different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C) were assessed. For both species, development time decreased with increasing temperature. Viability in the evaluated stages was only observed between 15 and 30 °C. However, the species responded differently to the exposure temperatures (15 and 30 °C), especially in the pupal stage and from egg to pre-pupa. Anastrepha fraterculus showed a lower tolerance to high temperatures, especially in the pupal stage and from egg to pre-pupa, which may explain its lower importance and economic impact in warmer Brazilian regions. Anastrepha obliqua had a lower tolerance at 15 °C, indicating greater adequacy for temperatures above 20 °C, characteristic of Northeast Brazil, suggesting the capacity to spread to cooler areas with rising temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Santos Araújo
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Simões Dias
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO, IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Vienna, Austria
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León-Quinto T, Madrigal R, Cabello E, Fimia A, Serna A. Morphological and biochemical responses of a neotropical pest insect to low temperatures. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103795. [PMID: 38281313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
As traditionally cold areas become warmer due to climate change, temperature could no longer be a barrier to the establishment of non-native insects. This is particularly relevant for pest insects from warm and tropical areas, mainly those with some tolerance to moderately low temperatures, which could expand their range into these new locations. From this perspective, in this work we studied the morphological and biochemical responses of the Neotropical pest Paysandisia archon to low temperatures, as part of a possible strategy to colonize new areas. To that end, wild larvae were exposed for 7 days to either low (1 and 5 °C) or ambient (23 °C) temperatures. We then quantified the inner and outer morphological changes, by X-Ray Computer Tomography and Digital Holographic Microscopy, as well as the accumulation of metabolites acting as potential endogenous cryoprotectants, by Spectrophotometry. We found that Paysandisia archon developed a cold-induced response based on different aspects. On the one hand, morphological changes occurred with a significant reduction both in fluids susceptible to freezing and fat body, together with the thickening, hardening and increased roughness of the integument. On the other hand, we found an increase in the hemolymph concentration of cryoprotective substances such as glucose (6-fold) and glycerol (2-fold), while trehalose remained unchanged. Surprisingly, this species did not show any evidence of cold-induced response unless the environmental temperature was remarkably low (1 °C). These results could be useful to improve models predicting the possible spread of such a pest, which should incorporate parameters related to its resistance to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad León-Quinto
- Área de Zoología, Departamento Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Miguel Hernández, E3202-Elche, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, E3202-Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Roque Madrigal
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Óptica y Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, E3202-Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Esteban Cabello
- Centro de Investigación Operativa, Universidad Miguel Hernández, E3202-Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Antonio Fimia
- Departamento de Ciencia de Materiales, Óptica y Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, E3202-Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Arturo Serna
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, E3202-Elche, Alicante, Spain.
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Garretson A, Cuddy T, Duffy AG, Forkner RE. Citizen science data reveal regional heterogeneity in phenological response to climate in the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10213. [PMID: 37435026 PMCID: PMC10332934 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regional populations of geographically widespread species may respond to different environmental factors across the species' range, generating divergent effects of climate change on life-history phenology. Using thousands of citizen science observations extracted from iNaturalist and associated with corresponding temperature, precipitation, elevation, and daylength information, we examined the drivers of adult mating and of nymphal phenology, development, and group size for populations of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, in different ecoregions. Research-grade iNaturalist images were correctly identified 98.3% of the time and yielded more than 3000 observations of nymphal groups and 1000 observations of mating adults spanning 18 years. Mating phenology showed distinct regional patterns, ranging from year-round mating in California to temporally restricted mating in the Great Lakes Northeastern Coast ecoregion. Relative temperature increases of 1°C for a given daylength expanded the mating season by more than a week in western ecoregions. While increases in relative temperature delayed mating phenology in all ecoregions, greater winter precipitation advanced mating in the California ecoregion. In the eastern ecoregions, nymphal phenology was delayed by increases in summer rainfall but was advanced by relative temperature increases, whereas in western regions, relative temperature increases delayed nymphal phenology. Furthermore, accumulated growing degree days (AGDD) was a poor predictor of developmental progression, as we found a positive but weak correlation between AGDD and age structure only for the Appalachian Southeast North America and the Great Lakes Northern Coast ecoregions. These complex phenological responses of O. fasciatus are just one example of how populations may be differentially susceptible to a diversity of climatic effects; using data across a species' whole distribution is critical for exposing regional variations, especially for species with large, continental-scale ranges. This study demonstrates the potential of photodocumented biodiversity data to aid in the monitoring of life history, host plant-insect interactions, and climate responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Garretson
- Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTufts UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
| | - Tedra Cuddy
- Forensic Science ProgramGeorge Mason UniversityFairfaxVirginiaUSA
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Chowdhury S. Threatened species could be more vulnerable to climate change in tropical countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159989. [PMID: 36347284 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a major threat impacting insects globally, yet the impact on tropical insects is largely unknown. Here, I assessed the climatic vulnerability of Bangladeshi butterflies (242 species). About 42 % of species could experience range contraction, and the impact could be significantly more severe among threatened species. Depending on Socio-Economic Pathways (ssps), the future climatic condition could be unsuitable for 2 (ssp126) - 34 % (ssp585) species. The mean elevation of the suitable habitat could increase by 238 %, and the situation could be more severe for the threatened butterflies. Further, 54 % of the realised niche of butterflies could be altered. Although there might be no significant association between the shift in habitat suitability along the elevational gradient, migratory species could experience a more significant shift than non-migrants. Overall, climate change could have a severe impact on Bangladeshi butterflies. To mitigate insect decline globally and meet the Post 2020 Biodiversity Framework targets, immediate detection of climate change impact on tropical insects and developing effective conservation strategies is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawan Chowdhury
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Ecosystem Services, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Thermal physiology, foraging pattern, and worker body size interact to influence coexistence in sympatric polymorphic harvester ants (Messor spp.). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Cryoprotective Response as Part of the Adaptive Strategy of the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, against Low Temperatures. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020134. [PMID: 35206708 PMCID: PMC8879650 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Low environmental temperature acts as a barrier that imposes limits on the geographic distribution of insects. However, due to Earth’s global warming, temperature might no longer be an impediment for insects to colonize some new areas. The spread of pest insects will depend on their adaptive response to cold periods and to thermal anomalies associated with climate change. In this study we analyzed whether the red palm weevil (RPW), one of the worst palm pests worldwide and native to warm areas, has physiological mechanisms that could configure an adaptive response to cold. We find that RPW is capable of rapidly producing substances that reduce chill injuries, primarily glucose as well as glycerol and several amino acids (mainly alanine). Therefore, this work shows for the first time that RPW is able to develop adaptive biochemical responses to deal with low temperatures, similar to those used by overwintering insects. Our results could be useful to improve models predicting the possible spread of RPW to new geographical areas, and also to try to prevent its adaptive response by disrupting the metabolic pathways regulating the involved substances. Abstract The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is one of the worst palm pests worldwide. In this work, we studied the physiological basis underlying its adaptive strategy against low temperatures. Specifically, we analyzed the main low-molecular-weight biochemical substances acting as possible endogenous cryoprotectants, as well as their efficiency in reducing cold injury by preserving K+/Na+ homeostasis. Wild pre-pupae were cold-treated (5.0 ± 0.5 °C) or non-treated (23 ± 1 °C) for 7 days. We then determined the levels of: (a) glucose, trehalose and glycerol, spectrophotometrically, (b) amino acids, by liquid chromatography and (c) potassium and sodium, by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Cold-treated larvae increased their potassium level, suggesting some degree of chill injury. However, part of the cold-exposed animals was able to develop an efficient overall cryoprotective response which primarily includes glucose, as well as glycerol and several amino acids (mainly alanine). Our study shows for the first time that RPW is capable of deploying effective physiological mechanisms for a rapid response to cold, which could be relevant to improving predictive models of geographic distribution, especially in a context of climate change. The knowledge of the specific molecules involved would allow future studies to try to prevent its adaptive strategy, either by natural or chemical methods.
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Prado A, Brunet JL, Peruzzi M, Bonnet M, Bordier C, Crauser D, Le Conte Y, Alaux C. Warmer winters are associated with lower levels of the cryoprotectant glycerol, a slower decrease in vitellogenin expression and reduced virus infections in winter honeybees. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 136:104348. [PMID: 34906562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Within the context of climate change, winter temperatures at high latitudes are predicted to rise faster than summer temperatures. This phenomenon is expected to negatively affect the diapause performance and survival of insects, since they largely rely on low temperatures to lower their metabolism and preserve energy. However, some insects like honeybees, remain relatively active during the winter and elevate their metabolic rate to produce endothermic heat when temperatures drop. Warming winters are thus expected to improve overwintering performance of honeybees. In order to verify this hypothesis, for two consecutive years, we exposed honeybee colonies to either a mild or cold winter. We then monitored the influence of wintering conditions on several parameters of honeybee overwintering physiology, such as levels of the cryoprotectant glycerol, expression levels of immune and antioxidant genes, and genes encoding multifunctional proteins, including vitellogenin, which promotes bee longevity. Winter conditions had no effect on the expression of antioxidant genes, and genes related to immunity were not consistently affected. However, mild winters were consistently associated with a lower investment in glycerol synthesis and a higher expression of fat body genes, especially apidaecin and vitellogenin. Finally, while we found that viral loads generally decreased through the winter, this trend was more pronounced under mild winter conditions. In conclusion, and without considering how warming temperatures might affect other aspects of honeybee biology before overwintering, our data suggest that warming temperatures will likely benefit honeybee vitality by notably reducing their viral loads over the winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Prado
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, UNAM Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | | | - Marc Bonnet
- INRAE, Abeilles & Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - Celia Bordier
- INRAE, Abeilles & Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France
| | | | - Yves Le Conte
- INRAE, Abeilles & Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France
| | - Cedric Alaux
- INRAE, Abeilles & Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France.
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Vasconcelos DC, Künast TBS, Pires EM, Corassa JN. How can global climate change influence the geographic distribution of the eucalyptus yellow beetle? Modeling and prediction for Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.265046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Popularly known as the yellow eucalyptus beetle, Costalimaita ferruginea (Fabricius, 1801) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in the adult phase it feeds on the leaves of the myrtaceae, leaving them laced, a fact that impairs the productivity of plantations. Therefore, this work aims to model the potential distribution of the beetle in climate change scenarios for Brazil. The biotic data were collected through a review of the literature and entomological collections, totaling 88 georeferenced points of occurrence of the insect in the country. The abiotic data (19 biovariables, precipitation and minimum, average and maximum temperature) in the Wordcllim database, represent the periods: current (1970-2000), middle (2041-2060), and final (2061-2080) of the century, with representation in two projections of climatic anomalies (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). To determine the most important variables for the models, the Jackknife test was performed in the Maxent software, which resulted in five biovariables, namely: annual precipitation (35.2%), temperature seasonality (15.2%), annual temperature variation (13.7%), seasonality of precipitation (8.7%) and an average temperature of the coldest quarter (7.4%). Subsequently, the Openmodeller software was used and five algorithms were tested to determine which model represents the prediction of areas of suitability for the occurrence of the insect. The algorithm that best represented the appropriate areas was the Envelope Score (AUC = 0.808), corroborating the occurrence data collected. The prediction shows that the Pampa biome, in the RCP8.5 scenario for the period between 2061-2080, will become fully suitable for the occurrence of this defoliator beetle, unlike the Amazon, which presents retraction in areas suitable for the occurrence of the beetle for the same period. In this sense, commercial eucalyptus plantations implemented in climatologically suitable areas for the occurrence of this insect must be monitored periodically.
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Bawa SA, Gregg PC, Del Soccoro AP, Miller C, Andrew NR. Estimating the differences in critical thermal maximum and metabolic rate of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) across life stages. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12479. [PMID: 34820201 PMCID: PMC8605760 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a crucial driver of insect activity and physiological processes throughout their life-history, and heat stress may impact life stages (larvae, pupae and adult) in different ways. Using thermolimit respirometry, we assessed the critical thermal maxima (CTmax-temperature at which an organism loses neuromuscular control), CO2 emission rate (V́CO2) and Q10 (a measure of V́CO2 temperature sensitivity) of three different life stages of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) by increasing their temperature exposure from 25 °C to 55 °C at a rate of 0.25 °C min−1. We found that the CTmax of larvae (49.1 °C ± 0.3 °C) was higher than pupae (47.4 °C ± 0.2 °C) and adults (46.9 °C ± 0.2 °C). The mean mass-specific CO2 emission rate (ml V́CO2 h−1) of larvae (0.26 ± 0.03 ml V́CO2 h−1) was also higher than adults (0.24 ± 0.04 ml V́CO2 h−1) and pupae (0.06 ± 0.02 ml V́CO2 h−1). The Q10: 25–35 °C for adults (2.01 ± 0.22) was significantly higher compared to larvae (1.40 ± 0.06) and Q10: 35–45 °C for adults (3.42 ± 0.24) was significantly higher compared to larvae (1.95 ± 0.08) and pupae (1.42 ± 0.98) respectively. We have established the upper thermal tolerance of H. punctigera, which will lead to a better understanding of the thermal physiology of this species both in its native range, and as a pest species in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Bawa
- Zoology, Insect Ecology Laboratory, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.,Asuansi Agric. Station, Cape Coast, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Peter C Gregg
- Agronomy and Soil Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Alice P Del Soccoro
- Agronomy and Soil Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Cara Miller
- Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel R Andrew
- Zoology, Insect Ecology Laboratory, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Terao M, Tokuda M, Shintani Y. Geographic Variation in Photoperiodic Response for Induction of Pseudopupal Diapause in Epicauta gorhami (Coleoptera: Meloidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:1145-1150. [PMID: 34169313 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Geographical variations in the threshold of environmental cues for diapause induction are important in understanding the life history strategy of insects. Larvae of the bean blister beetle, Epicauta gorhami (Coleoptera: Meloidae), feed on grasshopper eggs and undergo hypermetamorphosis. They normally enter diapause as a pseudopupa (fifth instar). However, when the larvae are reared under long-day and high-temperature conditions, they do not enter pseudopupal diapause but pupate directly from the fourth instar. In addition, this insect is known to modify its photoperiodic response for induction of pseudopupal diapause depending on food availability for larvae. In this study, the larval photoperiodic responses for diapause induction were examined for three populations of E. gorhami collected from the northernmost (Morioka, 39.7°N), central (Kazo, 36.1°N), and southernmost (Takanabe, 32.1°N) parts of its distribution range, and the responses were examined under both fully fed and food-deprived (FD) conditions. Diapause incidence decreased in FD larvae for all populations in long-day conditions, and the critical day-lengths for the diapause incidence were calculated as 14.81, 13.97, and 13.99 h in the Morioka, Kazo, and Takanabe populations, respectively. The results indicate the presence of a geographical variation in larval photoperiodic response, in which diapause is induced earlier in higher latitudinal areas. From these results, together with data for developmental threshold temperature and thermal constant, the Morioka and Kazo populations were suggested to have a partial bivoltine life cycle under the conditions of extremely early oviposition season, a sufficient summer temperature, and poor larval food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Terao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Field Center, Department of Environmental and Horticultural Sciences, Minami Kyushu University, 3764-1 Tateno, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Tokuda
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Laboratory of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Shintani
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Environmental and Horticultural Sciences, Minami Kyushu University, 3764-1 Tateno, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki, Japan
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Schmid RB, Welch KD, Lundgren JG. An inventory of the foliar, soil, and dung arthropod communities in pastures of the southeastern United States. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10761-10768. [PMID: 34429879 PMCID: PMC8366868 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grassland systems constitute a significant portion of the land area in the United States and as a result harbors significant arthropod biodiversity. During this time of biodiversity loss around the world, bioinventories of ecologically important habitats serve as important indicators for the effectiveness of conservation efforts. We conducted a bioinventory of the foliar, soil, and dung arthropod communities in 10 cattle pastures located in the southeastern United States during the 2018 grazing season. In sum, 126,251 arthropod specimens were collected. From the foliar community, 13 arthropod orders were observed, with the greatest species richness found in Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera. The soil-dwelling arthropod community contained 18 orders. The three orders comprising the highest species richness were Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. Lastly, 12 arthropod orders were collected from cattle dung, with the greatest species richness found in Coleoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera. Herbivores were the most abundant functional guild found in the foliar community, and predators were most abundant in the soil and dung communities. Arthropod pests constituted a small portion of the pasture arthropod communities, with 1.01%, 0.34%, and 0.46% pests found in the foliar, soil, and dung communities, respectively. While bioinventories demand considerable time, energy, and resources to accomplish, the information from these inventories has many uses for conservation efforts, land management recommendations, and the direction of climate change science.
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Functional response of Harmonia axyridis preying on Acyrthosiphon pisum nymphs: the effect of temperature. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13565. [PMID: 34193927 PMCID: PMC8245531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we investigated the functional response of Harmonia axyridis adults and larvae foraging on Acyrthosiphon pisum nymphs at temperatures between 15 and 35 °C. Logistic regression and Roger’s random predator models were employed to determine the type and parameters of the functional response. Harmonia axyridis larvae and adults exhibited Type II functional responses to A. pisum, and warming increased both the predation activity and host aphid control mortality. Female and 4th instar H. axyridis consumed the most aphids. For fourth instar larvae and female H. axyridis adults, the successful attack rates were 0.23 ± 0.014 h−1 and 0.25 ± 0.015 h−1; the handling times were 0.13 ± 0.005 h and 0.16 ± 0.004 h; and the estimated maximum predation rates were 181.28 ± 14.54 and 153.85 ± 4.06, respectively. These findings accentuate the high performance of 4th instar and female H. axyridis and the role of temperature in their efficiency. Further, we discussed such temperature-driven shifts in predation and prey mortality concerning prey-predator foraging interactions towards biological control.
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14
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Senior VL, Botham M, Evans KL. Experimental simulations of climate change induced mismatch in oak and larval development rates impact indicators of fitness in a declining woodland moth. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Botham
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford Oxfordshire UK
| | - Karl L. Evans
- Animal and Plant Sciences Dept, Univ. of Sheffield UK
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15
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Andrew NR, Evans MJ, Svejcar L, Prendegast K, Mata L, Gibb H, Stone MJ, Barton PS. What's hot and what's not – Identifying publication trends in insect ecology. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel R. Andrew
- Insect Ecology Lab, Zoology Natural History Museum University of New England Armidale New South Wales 2351 Australia
| | - Maldwyn J. Evans
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | | | - Kit Prendegast
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University, Perth Bentley Western Australia Australia
| | - Luis Mata
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences The University of Melbourne Richmond Victoria Australia
| | - Heloise Gibb
- Department of Ecology Environment and Evolution and Research Centre for Future Landscapes School of Life Sciences La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria Australia
| | - Marisa J. Stone
- Environmental Futures Research Institute School of Environment and Science Griffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Philip S. Barton
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport Federation University Australia Mount Helen Victoria Australia
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16
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Bouchard M, Hébert C. Habitat and climate influence beetle and spider communities in boreal forests. ECOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2021.1885802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bouchard
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Hébert
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Schneider D, Ramos AG, Córdoba‐Aguilar A. Multigenerational experimental simulation of climate change on an economically important insect pest. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:12893-12909. [PMID: 33304502 PMCID: PMC7713942 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term multigenerational experimental simulations of climate change on insect pests of economically and socially important crops are crucial to anticipate challenges for feeding humanity in the not-so-far future. Mexican bean weevil Zabrotes subfasciatus, is a worldwide pest that attacks the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris seeds, in crops and storage. We designed a long term (i.e., over 10 generations), experimental simulation of climate change by increasing temperature and CO2 air concentration in controlled conditions according to model predictions for 2100. Higher temperature and CO2 concentrations favored pest's egg-to-adult development survival, even at high female fecundity. It also induced a reduction of fat storage and increase of protein content but did not alter body size. After 10 generations of simulation, genetic adaptation was detected for total lipid content only, however, other traits showed signs of such process. Future experimental designs and methods similar to ours, are key for studying long-term effects of climate change through multigenerational experimental designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schneider
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxicoMexico
| | - Alejandra G. Ramos
- Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Baja CaliforniaEnsenadaMexico
| | - Alex Córdoba‐Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxicoMexico
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18
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Leith NT, Jocson DI, Fowler‐Finn KD. Temperature‐related breakdowns in the coordination of mating in
Enchenopa binotata
treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae). Ethology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noah T. Leith
- Department of Biology Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
| | - Dowen I. Jocson
- Department of Biology Saint Louis University St. Louis MO USA
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19
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Senior VL, Evans LC, Leather SR, Oliver TH, Evans KL. Phenological responses in a sycamore-aphid-parasitoid system and consequences for aphid population dynamics: A 20 year case study. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2814-2828. [PMID: 31985111 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Species interactions have a spatiotemporal component driven by environmental cues, which if altered by climate change can drive shifts in community dynamics. There is insufficient understanding of the precise time windows during which inter-annual variation in weather drives phenological shifts and the consequences for mismatches between interacting species and resultant population dynamics-particularly for insects. We use a 20 year study on a tri-trophic system: sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, two associated aphid species Drepanosiphum platanoidis and Periphyllus testudinaceus and their hymenopteran parasitoids. Using a sliding window approach, we assess climatic drivers of phenology in all three trophic levels. We quantify the magnitude of resultant trophic mismatches between aphids and their plant hosts and parasitoids, and then model the impacts of these mismatches, direct weather effects and density dependence on local-scale aphid population dynamics. Warmer temperatures in mid-March to late-April were associated with advanced sycamore budburst, parasitoid attack and (marginally) D. platanoidis emergence. The precise time window during which spring weather advances phenology varies considerably across each species. Crucially, warmer temperatures in late winter delayed the emergence of both aphid species. Seasonal variation in warming rates thus generates marked shifts in the relative timing of spring events across trophic levels and mismatches in the phenology of interacting species. Despite this, we found no evidence that aphid population growth rates were adversely impacted by the magnitude of mismatch with their host plants or parasitoids, or direct impacts of temperature and precipitation. Strong density dependence effects occurred in both aphid species and probably buffered populations, through density-dependent compensation, from adverse impacts of the marked inter-annual climatic variation that occurred during the study period. These findings explain the resilience of aphid populations to climate change and uncover a key mechanism, warmer winter temperatures delaying insect phenology, by which climate change drives asynchronous shifts between interacting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Senior
- Animal and Plant Sciences Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luke C Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Simon R Leather
- Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Tom H Oliver
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Karl L Evans
- Animal and Plant Sciences Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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20
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Khelifa R, Blanckenhorn WU, Roy J, Rohner PT, Mahdjoub H. Usefulness and limitations of thermal performance curves in predicting ectotherm development under climatic variability. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1901-1912. [PMID: 31365760 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Thermal performance curves (TPCs) have been estimated in multiple ectotherm species to understand their thermal plasticity and adaptation and to predict the effect of global warming. However, TPCs are typically assessed under constant temperature regimes, so their reliability for predicting thermal responses in the wild where temperature fluctuates diurnally and seasonally remains poorly documented. Here, we use distant latitudinal populations of five species of sepsid flies (Diptera: Sepsidae) from the temperate region (Europe, North Africa, North America) to compare estimates derived from constant TPCs with observed development rate under fluctuating temperatures in laboratory and field conditions. TPCs changed across gradients in that flies originating from higher latitudes showed accelerated development at higher temperatures, an adaptive response. TPCs were then used to predict development rates observed under fluctuating temperatures; these predictions were relatively accurate in the laboratory but not the field. Interestingly, the precision of TPC predictions depended not only on the resolution of temperature data, with daily and overall temperature summing performing better than hourly temperature summing, but also on the frequency of temperatures falling below the estimated critical minimum temperature. Hourly temperature resolution most strongly underestimated actual development rates, because flies apparently either did not stop growing when temperatures dropped below this threshold, or they sped up their growth when the temperature rose again, thus most severely reflecting this error. We conclude that when flies do not encounter cold temperatures, TPC predictions based on constant temperatures can accurately reflect performance under fluctuating temperatures if adequately adjusted for nonlinearities, but when encountering cold temperatures, this method is more error-prone. Our study emphasizes the importance of the resolution of temperature data and cold temperatures in shaping thermal reaction norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rassim Khelifa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeannine Roy
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick T Rohner
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hayat Mahdjoub
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Young SL, Goldowsky-Dill NW, Muhammad J, Epstein MM. Connecting experts in the agricultural and meteorological sciences to advance knowledge of pest management in a changing climate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:694-698. [PMID: 31003096 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable progress in elucidating the physical aspects of climate change that directly impact food, feed, and fiber production. However, these impact assessments rarely account for climate induced changes associated with biological pests. The lack of collaboration between the pest management and climate science disciplines could be contributing to the problem. Therefore, we assessed research-based relationships, identifying possible barriers to and gaps in successful collaboration. We developed an algorithm capable of identifying author affiliation and associated disciplines. We found that pest management and climate scientists most often authored papers in their respective disciplines (>90%), but rarely in the opposing disciplines (<1%). Atopica, an international research group, is one of the few examples of how interdisciplinary collaborations have led to the co-production of knowledge to better understand and manage a pest responding to climate change. Researcher-to-researcher relationships, as demonstrated by Atopica, are an often overlooked area of science and key to solving major societal challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Young
- Plants, Soils & Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
| | | | - Javed Muhammad
- Albert R. Mann Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michelle M Epstein
- Experimental Allergy Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Forister ML, Pelton EM, Black SH. Declines in insect abundance and diversity: We know enough to act now. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Forister
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Department of BiologyUniversity of Nevada Reno Reno Nevada
| | - Emma M. Pelton
- The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Portland Oregon
| | - Scott H. Black
- The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation Portland Oregon
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23
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Dahlhoff EP, Dahlhoff VC, Grainger CA, Zavala NA, Otepola‐Bello D, Sargent BA, Roberts KT, Heidl SJ, Smiley JT, Rank NE. Getting chased up the mountain: High elevation may limit performance and fitness characters in a montane insect. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P. Dahlhoff
- Department of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara California
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
| | - Victoria C. Dahlhoff
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
- Department of Biology Sonoma State University Rohnert Park California
| | - Corrine A. Grainger
- Department of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara California
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
| | - Nicolas A. Zavala
- Department of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara California
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
| | | | - Brynn A. Sargent
- Department of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara California
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
| | - Kevin T. Roberts
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
- Department of Biology Sonoma State University Rohnert Park California
| | - Sarah J. Heidl
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
- Department of Biology Sonoma State University Rohnert Park California
| | - John T. Smiley
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
| | - Nathan E. Rank
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
- Department of Biology Sonoma State University Rohnert Park California
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24
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Andrew NR, Miller C, Hall G, Hemmings Z, Oliver I. Aridity and land use negatively influence a dominant species' upper critical thermal limits. PeerJ 2019; 6:e6252. [PMID: 30656070 PMCID: PMC6334740 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physiological tolerances of ectotherms, such as thermal limits, is important in predicting biotic responses to climate change. However, it is even more important to examine these impacts alongside those from other landscape changes: such as the reduction of native vegetation cover, landscape fragmentation and changes in land use intensity (LUI). Here, we integrate the observed thermal limits of the dominant and ubiquitous meat ant Iridomyrmex purpureus across climate (aridity), land cover and land use gradients spanning 270 km in length and 840 m in altitude across northern New South Wales, Australia. Meat ants were chosen for study as they are ecosystem engineers and changes in their populations may result in a cascade of changes in the populations of other species. When we assessed critical thermal maximum temperatures (CTmax) of meat ants in relation to the environmental gradients we found little influence of climate (aridity) but that CTmax decreased as LUI increased. We found no overall correlation between CTmax and CTmin. We did however find that tolerance to warming was lower for ants sampled from more arid locations. Our findings suggest that as LUI and aridification increase, the physiological resilience of I. purpureus will decline. A reduction in physiological resilience may lead to a reduction in the ecosystem service provision that these populations provide throughout their distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel R. Andrew
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Cara Miller
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham Hall
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Zac Hemmings
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian Oliver
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Office of Environment and Heritage, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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25
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Kharouba HM, Lewthwaite JMM, Guralnick R, Kerr JT, Vellend M. Using insect natural history collections to study global change impacts: challenges and opportunities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 374:20170405. [PMID: 30455219 PMCID: PMC6282079 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, natural history collections (NHCs) have played an increasingly prominent role in global change research, but they have still greater potential, especially for the most diverse group of animals on Earth: insects. Here, we review the role of NHCs in advancing our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary responses of insects to recent global changes. Insect NHCs have helped document changes in insects' geographical distributions, phenology, phenotypic and genotypic traits over time periods up to a century. Recent work demonstrates the enormous potential of NHCs data for examining insect responses at multiple temporal, spatial and phylogenetic scales. Moving forward, insect NHCs offer unique opportunities to examine the morphological, chemical and genomic information in each specimen, thus advancing our understanding of the processes underlying species' ecological and evolutionary responses to rapid, widespread global changes.This article is part of the theme issue 'Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the anthropocene'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Kharouba
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 9B4
| | - Jayme M M Lewthwaite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Rob Guralnick
- Department of Natural History and the Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jeremy T Kerr
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 9B4
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1 K 2R1
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26
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Podhorna J, Aubernon C, Borkovcova M, Boulay J, Hedouin V, Charabidze D. To eat or get heat: Behavioral trade-offs between thermoregulation and feeding in gregarious necrophagous larvae. INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:883-893. [PMID: 28374542 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The thermoregulation behavior of Lucilia sericata larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a necrophagous species that feeds on vertebrate cadavers, was investigated. These larvae require high heat incomes to develop, and can elevate temperatures by forming large aggregates. We hypothesized that L. sericata larvae should continue to feed at temperatures up to 38 °C, which can be reached inside larval masses. Thermal regulation behavior such as movement between a hot food spot and colder areas was also postulated. The hypotheses were tested by tracking for 1 h the activity of single, starved third instar larvae in a Petri dish containing 1 food spot (FS) that was heated to a constant temperature of 25 °C, 34 °C or 38 °C with an ambient temperature of 25 °C. The influence of previous conspecific activity in the food on larval behavior was also tested. The crops of larvae were dissected to monitor food content in the digestive systems. Based on relative crop measurements, larvae fed at all food temperatures, but temperature strongly affected larval behavior and kinematics. The total time spent by larvae in FS and the duration of each stay decreased at high FS temperature. Previous activity of conspecifics in the food slightly increased the time spent by larvae in FS and also decreased the average distance to FS. Therefore, necrophagous L. sericata larvae likely thermoregulate during normal feeding activities by adjusting to local fluctuations in temperature, particularly inside maggot masses. By maintaining a steady internal body temperature, larvae likely reduce their development time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Podhorna
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cindy Aubernon
- Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale, University of Lille, CHU Lille, EA, France
| | - Marie Borkovcova
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julien Boulay
- Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale, University of Lille, CHU Lille, EA, France
| | - Valery Hedouin
- Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale, University of Lille, CHU Lille, EA, France
| | - Damien Charabidze
- Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale, University of Lille, CHU Lille, EA, France
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A warming world will impact everyone and everything. The practice of allergic and respiratory disease will not be excepted. All the impacts will be impossible to anticipate. This review is intended to discuss significant factors related to individuals with allergic and respiratory disease. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings include the increased growth of allergenic plants in response to higher carbon dioxide levels and warmer temperatures. This also contributes to the increased production of pollen as well as the appearance of allergenic species in new climactic areas. Stinging insects will extend their ranges into northern areas where they have not previously been a problem. The shift and extension of pollen seasons with warmer springs and later frosts have already been observed. Recent severe hurricanes and flooding events may be just the harbinger of increasing damp housing exposure related to sea level rise. Evidence is accumulating that indicates the expected higher number of ozone alert days and increased pollution in populated areas is bringing increases in pollen potency. Finally, increased exposure to smoke and particles from wild fires, resulting from heat waves, will contribute to the general increase in respiratory disease. The practice of allergy being closely aligned with environmental conditions will be especially impacted. Allergists should consider increasing educational activities aimed at making patients more aware of air quality conditions.
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28
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McCreadie JW, Williams RH, Stutsman S, Finn DS, Adler PH. The influence of habitat heterogeneity and latitude on gamma diversity of the Nearctic Simuliidae, a ubiquitous group of stream-dwelling insects. INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:712-720. [PMID: 28106957 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Among the most prominent, large-scale patterns of species richness are the increases in richness with decreasing latitude and with increasing habitat heterogeneity. Using the stream-dwelling larval and pupal stages of North American black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae), we address 3 broad questions about species richness: (i) Does a significant latitude-richness relationship exist? (ii) How does habitat heterogeneity influence gamma diversity? (iii) What is the sign (positive or negative) of the latitude-richness and the heterogeneity-richness relationships? We found no evidence that habitat heterogeneity influences gamma diversity. The estimated peak species richness for black flies in North America was at 50-53°N, which also corresponds with peak generic richness. All plesiomorphic, extant lineages of the Simuliidae in the Western Hemisphere are found in cool mountainous environments of North America, suggesting that peak richness at 50-53°N might be a signature of this phylogenetic pattern and a reflection of underlying historical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W McCreadie
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Rachel H Williams
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sam Stutsman
- Department of Earth Sciences Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Debra S Finn
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Peter H Adler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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29
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Conrad T, Stöcker C, Ayasse M. The effect of temperature on male mating signals and female choice in the red mason bee, Osmia bicornis (L.). Ecol Evol 2017; 7:8966-8975. [PMID: 29152191 PMCID: PMC5677480 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and the resulting changes in air temperature are known to have a major influence on most animals, especially poikilothermic insects, because they depend on the high enough temperatures to function. Previous studies have shown that various signals can be affected by changes in temperature. However, research into the effect of temperature on mating signals and subsequently communication between mates and on female choice is still rare. In the red mason bee, Osmia bicornis, which emerges early in spring and is therefore subject to extensive temperature changes, females choose suitable males based on, among other criteria, their thorax vibrations and odor. So far there has been no research into the effect of temperature changes on these signals. We therefore investigated whether the environmental temperature has an influence on the male's mating signals by measuring vibrations using a laser vibrometer and collecting male and female odor at different temperatures. Furthermore, we performed behavioral experiments in order to show whether there is an effect of temperature-induced changes and female choice. Our results showed that rejected males differed in their vibrations between the two temperature settings but accepted ones did not. Temperature changes therefore seem to have a stronger effect on those males that are rejected by the females, whereas the accepted males are the ones that can produce desirable signals despite temperature fluctuations. Furthermore, we found that the differences in odor profiles were greater between temperature settings than between the sexes and that females change their preference for odor with temperature. We conclude that temperature strongly influences the male mating signals and therefore may have a major impact on sexual selection in this species. This is an important aspect to consider, not only in future studies on mating behavior, but also in view of our ever raising temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina Conrad
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation GenomicsUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Carina Stöcker
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation GenomicsUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation GenomicsUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
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Seehausen ML, Régnière J, Martel V, Smith SM. Developmental and reproductive responses of the spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) parasitoid Tranosema rostrale (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) to temperature. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 98:38-46. [PMID: 27871976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The temperature-dependent development and survival of immatures, as well as adult longevity and potential fecundity of the endoparasitoid Tranosema rostrale (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitizing spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) larvae was investigated under laboratory conditions at several constant temperatures ranging from 5 to 30°C. Maximum likelihood modeling approaches were used to estimate thermal responses in development, survival, and longevity. A model describing the effect of temperature on potential fecundity of the parasitoid was also developed taking oogenesis and oosorption into account. In-host and pupal development rates of the parasitoid increased with temperature up to 25°C, and decreased thereafter. Immature survival was highest below 20°C, and rapidly decreased at higher temperatures. Adult longevity decreased exponentially with increasing temperature for both males and females. Highest potential fecundity was reached at 10°C. Considering survival and potential fecundity, the parasitoid seems best adapted to cool temperatures below 20°C. Simulations of the life-history traits under variable temperature regimes indicate that temperature fluctuations decrease survival and increase realised fecundity compared to constant temperatures. The temperature-dependent fecundity model developed can be applied to other non-host-feeding synovigenic parasitoids. The equations and parameter estimates provided in this paper can be used to build comprehensive models predicting the seasonal phenology of this parasitoid and spruce budworm parasitism under changing climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lukas Seehausen
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Forestry, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada.
| | - Jacques Régnière
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., Québec, Québec G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Véronique Martel
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., Québec, Québec G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Sandy M Smith
- University of Toronto, Faculty of Forestry, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B3, Canada
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Youngsteadt E, Ernst AF, Dunn RR, Frank SD. Responses of arthropod populations to warming depend on latitude: evidence from urban heat islands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:1436-1447. [PMID: 27809387 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological effects of climate change are expected to vary geographically, with a strong signature of latitude. For ectothermic animals, there is systematic latitudinal variation in the relationship between climate and thermal performance curves, which describe the relationship between temperature and an organism's fitness. Here, we ask whether these documented latitudinal patterns can be generalized to predict arthropod responses to warming across mid- and high temperate latitudes, for taxa whose thermal physiology has not been measured. To address this question, we used a novel natural experiment consisting of a series of urban warming gradients at different latitudes. Specifically, we sampled arthropods from a single common street tree species across temperature gradients in four US cities, located from 35.8 to 42.4° latitude. We captured 6746 arthropods in 34 families from 111 sites that varied in summer average temperature by 1.7-3.4 °C within each city. Arthropod responses to warming within each city were characterized as Poisson regression coefficients describing change in abundance per °C for each family. Family responses in the two midlatitude cities were heterogeneous, including significantly negative and positive effects, while those in high-latitude cities varied no more than expected by chance within each city. We expected high-latitude taxa to increase in abundance with warming, and they did so in one of the two high-latitude cities; in the other, Queens (New York City), most taxa declined with warming, perhaps due to habitat loss that was correlated with warming in this city. With the exception of Queens, patterns of family responses to warming were consistent with predictions based on known latitudinal patterns in arthropod physiology relative to regional climate. Heterogeneous responses in midlatitudes may be ecologically disruptive if interacting taxa respond oppositely to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Youngsteadt
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Andrew F Ernst
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Robert R Dunn
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven D Frank
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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32
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Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) in Southern Africa: Research Trends, Challenges and Insights on Sustainable Management Options. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kwon TS, Li F, Kim SS, Chun JH, Park YS. Modelling Vulnerability and Range Shifts in Ant Communities Responding to Future Global Warming in Temperate Forests. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159795. [PMID: 27504632 PMCID: PMC4978472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is likely leading to species' distributional shifts, resulting in changes in local community compositions and diversity patterns. In this study, we applied species distribution models to evaluate the potential impacts of temperature increase on ant communities in Korean temperate forests, by testing hypotheses that 1) the risk of extinction of forest ant species would increase over time, and 2) the changes in species distribution ranges could drive upward movements of ant communities and further alter patterns of species richness. We sampled ant communities at 335 evenly distributed sites across South Korea and modelled the future distribution range for each species using generalized additive models. To account for spatial autocorrelation, autocovariate regressions were conducted prior to generalized additive models. Among 29 common ant species, 12 species were estimated to shrink their suitable geographic areas, whereas five species would benefit from future global warming. Species richness was highest at low altitudes in the current period, and it was projected to be highest at the mid-altitudes in the 2080s, resulting in an upward movement of 4.9 m yr-1. This altered the altitudinal pattern of species richness from a monotonic-decrease curve (common in temperate regions) to a bell-shaped curve (common in tropical regions). Overall, ant communities in temperate forests are vulnerable to the on-going global warming and their altitudinal movements are similar to other faunal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sung Kwon
- Forest Insect Pests and Diseases Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Dongdaemun, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengqing Li
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Research Institute for East Asian Environment and Biology, Arisuro 25 Nagil 24, Gangdong, Seoul 05207, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Chun
- Division of Forest Ecology, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seuk Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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34
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The role of nest surface temperatures and the brain in influencing ant metabolic rates. J Therm Biol 2016; 60:132-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Ashton LA, Nakamura A, Burwell CJ, Tang Y, Cao M, Whitaker T, Sun Z, Huang H, Kitching RL. Elevational sensitivity in an Asian 'hotspot': moth diversity across elevational gradients in tropical, sub-tropical and sub-alpine China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26513. [PMID: 27211989 PMCID: PMC4876391 DOI: 10.1038/srep26513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
South-western China is widely acknowledged as a biodiversity ‘hotspot’: there are high levels of diversity and endemism, and many environments are under significant anthropogenic threats not least climate warming. Here, we explore diversity and compare response patterns of moth assemblages among three elevational gradients established within different climatic bioregions - tropical rain forest, sub-tropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and sub-alpine coniferous forest in Yunnan Province, China. We hypothesised that tropical assemblages would be more elevationally stratified than temperate assemblages, and tropical species would be more elevationally restricted than those in the temperate zone. Contrary to our hypothesis, the moth fauna was more sensitive to elevational differences within the temperate transect, followed by sub-tropical and tropical transects. Moths in the cooler and more seasonal temperate sub-alpine gradient showed stronger elevation-decay beta diversity patterns, and more species were restricted to particular elevational ranges. Our study suggests that moth assemblages are under threat from future climate change and sub-alpine rather than tropical faunas may be the most sensitive to climate change. These results improve our understanding of China’s biodiversity and can be used to monitor future changes to herbivore assemblages in a ‘hotspot’ of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Ashton
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Department of life sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - A Nakamura
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - C J Burwell
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Y Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - M Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - T Whitaker
- Crowtrees, Low Bentham, Lancaster, LA2 7EE, UK
| | - Z Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - H Huang
- Lijiang Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - R L Kitching
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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36
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Slade EM, Roslin T. Dung beetle species interactions and multifunctionality are affected by an experimentally warmed climate. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M. Slade
- Dept of Zoology; Univ. of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
- Dept of Agricultural Sciences; PO Box 27 Latokartanonkaari 5 FI-00014 University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Dept of Ecology; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7044 SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
- Dept of Agricultural Sciences; PO Box 27 Latokartanonkaari 5 FI-00014 University of Helsinki Finland
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37
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Donoso I, Stefanescu C, Martínez-Abraín A, Traveset A. Phenological asynchrony in plant-butterfly interactions associated with climate: a community-wide perspective. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Donoso
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINC-Global), Inst. Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Terrestrial Ecology Group; C/ Miquel Marqués 21 ES-07190 Esporles Mallorca Spain
- Dept. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Univ. de Oviedo, Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB, CSIC-UO-PA); ES-33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Constantí Stefanescu
- Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, Museu de Ciències Naturals de Granollers; Francesc Macià 51 ES-08402 Granollers Spain
- CREAF; ES-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Abraín
- Inst. Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB); C/Miquel Marqués 21 ES-07190 Esporles Mallorca Spain
- Depto de Bioloxia Animal, Bioloxia Vexetal e Ecoloxia; Univ. da Coruña; Campus da Zapateira s/n ES-15071 A Coruña Spain
| | - Anna Traveset
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINC-Global), Inst. Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Terrestrial Ecology Group; C/ Miquel Marqués 21 ES-07190 Esporles Mallorca Spain
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Kleisner KM, Fogarty MJ, McGee S, Barnett A, Fratantoni P, Greene J, Hare JA, Lucey SM, McGuire C, Odell J, Saba VS, Smith L, Weaver KJ, Pinsky ML. The Effects of Sub-Regional Climate Velocity on the Distribution and Spatial Extent of Marine Species Assemblages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149220. [PMID: 26901435 PMCID: PMC4762943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies illustrate variable patterns in individual species distribution shifts in response to changing temperature. However, an assemblage, a group of species that shares a common environmental niche, will likely exhibit similar responses to climate changes, and these community-level responses may have significant implications for ecosystem function. Therefore, we examine the relationship between observed shifts of species in assemblages and regional climate velocity (i.e., the rate and direction of change of temperature isotherms). The assemblages are defined in two sub-regions of the U.S. Northeast Shelf that have heterogeneous oceanography and bathymetry using four decades of bottom trawl survey data and we explore temporal changes in distribution, spatial range extent, thermal habitat area, and biomass, within assemblages. These sub-regional analyses allow the dissection of the relative roles of regional climate velocity and local physiography in shaping observed distribution shifts. We find that assemblages of species associated with shallower, warmer waters tend to shift west-southwest and to shallower waters over time, possibly towards cooler temperatures in the semi-enclosed Gulf of Maine, while species assemblages associated with relatively cooler and deeper waters shift deeper, but with little latitudinal change. Conversely, species assemblages associated with warmer and shallower water on the broad, shallow continental shelf from the Mid-Atlantic Bight to Georges Bank shift strongly northeast along latitudinal gradients with little change in depth. Shifts in depth among the southern species associated with deeper and cooler waters are more variable, although predominantly shifts are toward deeper waters. In addition, spatial expansion and contraction of species assemblages in each region corresponds to the area of suitable thermal habitat, but is inversely related to assemblage biomass. This suggests that assemblage distribution shifts in conjunction with expansion or contraction of thermal habitat acts to compress or stretch marine species assemblages, which may respectively amplify or dilute species interactions to an extent that is rarely considered. Overall, regional differences in climate change effects on the movement and extent of species assemblages hold important implications for management, mitigation, and adaptation on the U.S. Northeast Shelf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Kleisner
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael J. Fogarty
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sally McGee
- The Nature Conservancy, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Analie Barnett
- The Nature Conservancy, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paula Fratantoni
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Greene
- The Nature Conservancy, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Hare
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Lucey
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Jay Odell
- The Nature Conservancy, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vincent S. Saba
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Northeast Fisheries Science Center, c/o Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University Forrestal Campus, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Laurel Smith
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Malin L. Pinsky
- Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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39
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Alatalo JM, Jägerbrand AK, Molau U. Impacts of different climate change regimes and extreme climatic events on an alpine meadow community. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21720. [PMID: 26888225 PMCID: PMC4757884 DOI: 10.1038/srep21720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate variability is expected to increase in future but there exist very few experimental studies that apply different warming regimes on plant communities over several years. We studied an alpine meadow community under three warming regimes over three years. Treatments consisted of (a) a constant level of warming with open-top chambers (ca. 1.9 °C above ambient), (b) yearly stepwise increases in warming (increases of ca. 1.0, 1.9 and 3.5 °C), and (c) pulse warming, a single first-year pulse event of warming (increase of ca. 3.5 °C). Pulse warming and stepwise warming was hypothesised to cause distinct first-year and third-year effects, respectively. We found support for both hypotheses; however, the responses varied among measurement levels (whole community, canopy, bottom layer, and plant functional groups), treatments, and time. Our study revealed complex responses of the alpine plant community to the different experimentally imposed climate warming regimes. Plant cover, height and biomass frequently responded distinctly to the constant level of warming, the stepwise increase in warming and the extreme pulse-warming event. Notably, we found that stepwise warming had an accumulating effect on biomass, the responses to the different warming regimes varied among functional groups, and the short-term perturbations had negative effect on species richness and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M. Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Annika K. Jägerbrand
- VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Box 55685, 102 15 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Molau
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ramesh A, Bristow J, Kovats S, Lindsay SW, Haslam D, Schmidt E, Gilbert C. The impact of climate on the abundance of Musca sorbens, the vector of trachoma. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:48. [PMID: 26817815 PMCID: PMC4730668 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the extent to which climate may affect the abundance of Musca sorbens, a putative vector of trachoma. DATA SOURCES Studies were identified by systematically searching online databases including CAB abstracts, Embase, Global Health, Medline, Web of Science and BIOS Online, references from key articles, and the websites of relevant international agencies. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted of field and laboratory studies that reported the impact of climate factors (e.g., temperature, humidity) on the synanthropic fly Musca sorbens. Data were systematically extracted and studies assessed for quality by two readers. Study results were reported narratively. RESULTS A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria but only three evaluated associations between climatic/abiotic factors and M. sorbens. Limited evidence indicates that M. sorbens abundance has an optimal temperature and humidity range. Thirteen studies reported seasonal patterns but no consistent pattern was found between season and the abundance of M. sorbens. CONCLUSIONS The evidence base regarding the effect of climatic factors on M. sorbens is limited, so it is difficult to construct a biological model driven by climate for this species. A multivariate statistical approach based on the climate of sites where M. sorbens is found may better capture its complex relationship with climatic factors as well as aid in mapping the global range of M. sorbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ramesh
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (ITD), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, London, UK.
| | - Julie Bristow
- Department of Disease Control, ITD, LSHTM, Keppel Street, London, UK.
| | - Sari Kovats
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, LSHTM, Keppel Street, London, UK.
| | - Steven W Lindsay
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.
| | | | | | - Clare Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (ITD), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, London, UK.
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41
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The capacity to maintain ion and water homeostasis underlies interspecific variation in Drosophila cold tolerance. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18607. [PMID: 26678786 PMCID: PMC4683515 DOI: 10.1038/srep18607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many insects, including Drosophila, succumb to the physiological effects of chilling at temperatures well above those causing freezing. Low temperature causes a loss of extracellular ion and water homeostasis in such insects, and chill injuries accumulate. Using an integrative and comparative approach, we examined the role of ion and water balance in insect chilling susceptibility/ tolerance. The Malpighian tubules (MT), of chill susceptible Drosophila species lost [Na(+)] and [K(+)] selectivity at low temperatures, which contributed to a loss of Na(+) and water balance and a deleterious increase in extracellular [K(+)]. By contrast, the tubules of chill tolerant Drosophila species maintained their MT ion selectivity, maintained stable extracellular ion concentrations, and thereby avoided injury. The most tolerant species were able to modulate ion balance while in a cold-induced coma and this ongoing physiological acclimation process allowed some individuals of the tolerant species to recover from chill coma during low temperature exposure. Accordingly, differences in the ability to maintain homeostatic control of water and ion balance at low temperature may explain large parts of the wide intra- and interspecific variation in insect chilling tolerance.
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42
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Alatalo JM, Jägerbrand AK, Čuchta P. Collembola at three alpine subarctic sites resistant to twenty years of experimental warming. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18161. [PMID: 26670681 PMCID: PMC4680968 DOI: 10.1038/srep18161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of micro-scale, site and 19 and 21 years of experimental warming on Collembola in three contrasting alpine subarctic plant communities (poor heath, rich meadow, wet meadow). Unexpectedly, experimental long-term warming had no significant effect on species richness, effective number of species, total abundance or abundance of any Collembola species. There were micro-scale effects on species richness, total abundance, and abundance of 10 of 35 species identified. Site had significant effect on effective number of species, and abundance of six species, with abundance patterns differing between sites. Site and long-term warming gave non-significant trends in species richness. The highest species richness was observed in poor heath, but mean species richness tended to be highest in rich meadow and lowest in wet meadow. Warming showed a tendency for a negative impact on species richness. This long-term warming experiment across three contrasting sites revealed that Collembola is capable of high resistance to climate change. We demonstrated that micro-scale and site effects are the main controlling factors for Collembola abundance in high alpine subarctic environments. Thus local heterogeneity is likely important for soil fauna composition and may play a crucial role in buffering Collembola against future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M Alatalo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Annika K Jägerbrand
- VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Box 55685, 102 15 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Čuchta
- Biology Centre, Institute of Soil Biology, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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43
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Scherber C. Insect responses to interacting global change drivers in managed ecosystems. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 11:56-62. [PMID: 28285759 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insects are facing an increasingly stressful combination of global change drivers such as habitat fragmentation, agricultural intensification, pollution, or climatic changes. While single-factor studies have yielded considerable insights, multi-factor manipulations have gained momentum recently. Nevertheless, most work to date has remained within particular domains of research, such as 'habitat destruction' or 'climate change', and linkages among subdisciplines within the ecological literature have remained scarce. Here, I provide an overview of the most recent developments in the field, with a focus on main functional groups of insects, but also their interactions with other organisms. All major global change drivers (landscape modification, climate change, agricultural management) are covered both singly and in interaction. The manuscript concludes with concepts on how to statistically and conceptually deal with interactions in experimental and observational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Scherber
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Science, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Dhimal M, Ahrens B, Kuch U. Climate Change and Spatiotemporal Distributions of Vector-Borne Diseases in Nepal--A Systematic Synthesis of Literature. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129869. [PMID: 26086887 PMCID: PMC4472520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite its largely mountainous terrain for which this Himalayan country is a popular tourist destination, Nepal is now endemic for five major vector-borne diseases (VBDs), namely malaria, lymphatic filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, visceral leishmaniasis and dengue fever. There is increasing evidence about the impacts of climate change on VBDs especially in tropical highlands and temperate regions. Our aim is to explore whether the observed spatiotemporal distributions of VBDs in Nepal can be related to climate change. Methodology A systematic literature search was performed and summarized information on climate change and the spatiotemporal distribution of VBDs in Nepal from the published literature until December2014 following providing items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Principal Findings We found 12 studies that analysed the trend of climatic data and are relevant for the study of VBDs, 38 studies that dealt with the spatial and temporal distribution of disease vectors and disease transmission. Among 38 studies, only eight studies assessed the association of VBDs with climatic variables. Our review highlights a pronounced warming in the mountains and an expansion of autochthonous cases of VBDs to non-endemic areas including mountain regions (i.e., at least 2,000 m above sea level). Furthermore, significant relationships between climatic variables and VBDs and their vectors are found in short-term studies. Conclusion Taking into account the weak health care systems and difficult geographic terrain of Nepal, increasing trade and movements of people, a lack of vector control interventions, observed relationships between climatic variables and VBDs and their vectors and the establishment of relevant disease vectors already at least 2,000 m above sea level, we conclude that climate change can intensify the risk of VBD epidemics in the mountain regions of Nepal if other non-climatic drivers of VBDs remain constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghnath Dhimal
- Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC), Ministry of Health and Population Complex, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences (IAU), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Bodo Ahrens
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences (IAU), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kuch
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Alatalo JM, Little CJ, Jägerbrand AK, Molau U. Vascular plant abundance and diversity in an alpine heath under observed and simulated global change. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10197. [PMID: 25950370 PMCID: PMC4423496 DOI: 10.1038/srep10197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Global change is predicted to cause shifts in species distributions and biodiversity in arctic tundra. We applied factorial warming and nutrient manipulation to a nutrient and species poor alpine/arctic heath community for seven years. Vascular plant abundance in control plots increased by 31%. There were also notable changes in cover in the nutrient and combined nutrient and warming treatments, with deciduous and evergreen shrubs declining, grasses overgrowing these plots. Sedge abundance initially increased significantly with nutrient amendment and then declined, going below initial values in the combined nutrient and warming treatment. Nutrient addition resulted in a change in dominance hierarchy from deciduous shrubs to grasses. We found significant declines in vascular plant diversity and evenness in the warming treatment and a decline in diversity in the combined warming and nutrient addition treatment, while nutrient addition caused a decline in species richness. The results give some experimental support that species poor plant communities with low diversity may be more vulnerable to loss of species diversity than communities with higher initial diversity. The projected increase in nutrient deposition and warming may therefore have negative impacts on ecosystem processes, functioning and services due to loss of species diversity in an already impoverished environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M Alatalo
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Campus Gotland, 621 67 Visby, Sweden
| | - Chelsea J Little
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Campus Gotland, 621 67 Visby, Sweden
| | - Annika K Jägerbrand
- VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Box 55685, 102 15 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Molau
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Responses of leaf beetle larvae to elevated [CO2] and temperature depend on Eucalyptus species. Oecologia 2014; 177:607-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mosquito surveillance revealed lagged effects of mosquito abundance on mosquito-borne disease transmission: a retrospective study in Zhejiang, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112975. [PMID: 25393834 PMCID: PMC4231081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are still threats to public health in Zhejiang. In this study, the associations between the time-lagged mosquito capture data and MBDs incidence over five years were used to examine the potential effects of mosquito abundance on patterns of MBDs epidemiology in Zhejiang during 2008–2012. Light traps were used to collect adult mosquitoes at 11 cities. Correlation tests with and without time lag were performed to investigate the correlations between MBDs incidence rates and mosquito abundance by month. Selected MBDs consisted of Japanese encephalitis (JE), dengue fever (DF) and malaria. A Poisson regression analysis was performed by using a generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach, and the most parsimonious model was selected based on the quasi-likelihood based information criterion (QICu). We identified five mosquito species and the constituent ratio of Culex pipiens pallens, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis and Armigeres subalbatus was 66.73%, 21.47%, 6.72%, 2.83% and 2.25%, respectively. The correlation analysis without and with time lag showed that Culex mosquito abundance at a lag of 0 or 1 month was positively correlated with JE incidence during 2008–2012, Ae. albopictus abundance at a lag of 1 month was positively correlated with DF incidence in 2009, and An. sinensis abundance at a lag of 0–2 months was positively correlated with malaria incidence during 2008–2010. The Poisson regression analysis showed each 0.1 rise of monthly mosquito abundance corresponded to a positive increase of MBD cases for the period of 2008–2012. The rise of mosquito abundance with a lag of 0–2 months increased the risk of human MBDs infection in Zhejiang. Our study provides evidence that mosquito monitoring could be a useful early warning tool for the occurrence and transmission of MBDs.
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Gibb H, Muscat D, Binns MR, Silvey CJ, Peters RA, Warton DI, Andrew NR. Responses of foliage-living spider assemblage composition and traits to a climatic gradient inThemedagrasslands. AUSTRAL ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Gibb
- Department of Zoology; La Trobe University; Melbourne Vic. 3068 Australia
| | - D. Muscat
- Department of Zoology; La Trobe University; Melbourne Vic. 3068 Australia
| | - M. R. Binns
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology; Discipline of Zoology; University of New England; Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | - C. J. Silvey
- Department of Zoology; La Trobe University; Melbourne Vic. 3068 Australia
| | - R. A. Peters
- Department of Zoology; La Trobe University; Melbourne Vic. 3068 Australia
| | - D. I. Warton
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - N. R. Andrew
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology; Discipline of Zoology; University of New England; Armidale New South Wales Australia
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Does morphology predict trophic position and habitat use of ant species and assemblages? Oecologia 2014; 177:519-31. [PMID: 25288056 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A functional traits-based theory of organismal communities is critical for understanding the principles underlying community assembly, and predicting responses to environmental change. This is particularly true for terrestrial arthropods, of which only 20% are described. Using epigaeic ant assemblages, we asked: (1) can we use morphological variation among species to predict trophic position or preferred microhabitat; (2) does the strength of morphological associations suggest recent trait divergence; (3) do environmental variables at site scale predict trait sets for whole assemblages? We pitfall-trapped ants from a revegetation chronosequence and measured their morphology, trophic position [using C:N stoichiometry and stable isotope ratios (δ)] and characteristics of microhabitat and macrohabitat. We found strong associations between high trophic position (low C:N and high δ(15)N) in body tissue and morphological traits: predators were larger, had more laterally positioned eyes, more physical protection and tended to be monomorphic. In addition, morphological traits were associated with certain microhabitat features, e.g. smaller heads were associated with the bare ground microhabitat. Trait-microhabitat relationships were more pronounced when phylogenetic adjustments were used, indicating a strong influence of recent trait divergences. At the assemblage level, our fourth corner analysis revealed associations between the prevalence of traits and macrohabitat, although these associations were not the same as those based on microhabitat associations. This study shows direct links between species-level traits and both diet and habitat preference. Trait-based prediction of ecological roles and community structure is thus achievable when integrating stoichiometry, morphology and phylogeny, but scale is an important consideration in such predictions.
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Pelini SL, Diamond SE, Nichols LM, Stuble KL, Ellison AM, Sanders NJ, Dunn RR, Gotelli NJ. Geographic differences in effects of experimental warming on ant species diversity and community composition. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00143.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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