1
|
Li H, Xia Y, Chen W, Chen Y, Cheng X, Chao H, Fan S, Jia H, Li M. An integrated QTL and RNA-seq analysis revealed new petal morphology loci in Brassica napus L. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:105. [PMID: 39026359 PMCID: PMC11264636 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oil crops and a wildly cultivated horticultural crop. The petals of B. napus serve to protect the reproductive organs and attract pollinators and tourists. Understanding the genetic basis of petal morphology regulation is necessary for B. napus breeding. RESULTS In the present study, the quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for six B. napus petal morphology parameters in a double haploid (DH) population was conducted across six microenvironments. A total of 243 QTLs and five QTL hotspots were observed, including 232 novel QTLs and three novel QTL hotspots. The spatiotemporal transcriptomic analysis of the diversiform petals was also conducted, which indicated that the expression of plant hormone metabolic and cytoskeletal binding protein genes was variant among diversiform petals. CONCLUSIONS The integration of QTL and RNA-seq analysis revealed that plant hormones (including cytokinin, auxin, and gibberellin) and cytoskeleton were key regulators of the petal morphology. Subsequently, 61 high-confidence candidate genes of petal morphology regulation were identified, including Bn.SAUR10, Bn.ARF18, Bn.KIR1, Bn.NGA2, Bn.PRF1, and Bn.VLN4. The current study provided novel QTLs and candidate genes for further breeding B. napus varieties with diversiform petals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaixin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yutian Xia
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wang Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongbo Chao
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shipeng Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haibo Jia
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Basso MF, Girardin G, Vergata C, Buti M, Martinelli F. Genome-wide transcript expression analysis reveals major chickpea and lentil genes associated with plant branching. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1384237. [PMID: 38962245 PMCID: PMC11220206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1384237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The search for elite cultivars with better architecture has been a demand by farmers of the chickpea and lentil crops, which aims to systematize their mechanized planting and harvesting on a large scale. Therefore, the identification of genes associated with the regulation of the branching and architecture of these plants has currently gained great importance. Herein, this work aimed to gain insight into transcriptomic changes of two contrasting chickpea and lentil cultivars in terms of branching pattern (little versus highly branched cultivars). In addition, we aimed to identify candidate genes involved in the regulation of shoot branching that could be used as future targets for molecular breeding. The axillary and apical buds of chickpea cultivars Blanco lechoso and FLIP07-318C, and lentil cultivars Castellana and Campisi, considered as little and highly branched, respectively, were harvested. A total of 1,624 and 2,512 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed among different tissues and contrasting cultivars of chickpea and lentil, respectively. Several gene categories were significantly modulated such as cell cycle, DNA transcription, energy metabolism, hormonal biosynthesis and signaling, proteolysis, and vegetative development between apical and axillary tissues and contrasting cultivars of chickpea and lentil. Based on differential expression and branching-associated biological function, ten chickpea genes and seven lentil genes were considered the main players involved in differentially regulating the plant branching between contrasting cultivars. These collective data putatively revealed the general mechanism and high-effect genes associated with the regulation of branching in chickpea and lentil, which are potential targets for manipulation through genome editing and transgenesis aiming to improve plant architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiara Vergata
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Buti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao F, Zhao Y, Wang X, Jian X, Zhou H. Analysis of differential mRNA and miRNA expression induced by heterogeneous grafting in Gleditsia sinensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132235. [PMID: 38734341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Gleditsia sinensis Lam. is a multifaceted plant with medicinal, edible, chemical, timber, and ornamental applications. However, the effect of rootstocks on scions after grafting is still unclear. This study examined the mRNA and miRNA transcriptome among homografts, heterografts, and seedlings. GO enrichment analysis between seedlings and homograft/heterograft combinations revealed that biosynthesis, degradation, and transport were enriched. The KEGG enrichment results showed that plant hormone signal transduction and the plant MAPK signaling pathway were enriched in both seedlings and heterograft combinations. Through weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), the hub genes related to the content of plant hormones were obtained. Taking G. sinensis as the scion, there were 4594, 2887, 3429, and 5959 mRNAs that were specifically expressed in the grafted plants of G. sinensis/G. fera, G. sinensis/G. delavayi, G. sinensis/G. microphylla, and G. sinensis/G. japonica, respectively. The specifically expressed mRNA genes may participate in such processes and pathways as the rhythmic process, circadian rhythm, gibberellic-acid-mediated signaling pathway, and peptide-based amino acid modification. Additionally, 3, 16, 2, and 15 specifically expressed miRNAs were identified. This study examines the impact of grafting on gene expression in Gleditsia plants and establishes a foundation for the development of new resources and rootstock breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiurong Wang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xueyan Jian
- College of Continuing Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Heying Zhou
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hsieh CY, Hsieh LS. Cloning of Three Cytokinin Oxidase/Dehydrogenase Genes in Bambusa oldhamii. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1902-1913. [PMID: 36975493 PMCID: PMC10047441 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) catalyzes the irreversible breakdown of active cytokinins, which are a class of plant hormones that regulate cell division. According to conserved sequences of CKX genes from monocotyledons, PCR primers were designed to synthesize a probe for screening a bamboo genomic library. Cloned results of three genes encoding cytokinin oxidase were named as follows: BoCKX1, BoCKX2, and BoCKX3. In comparing the exon-intron structures among the above three genes, there are three exons and two introns in BoCKX1 and BoCKX3 genes, whereas BoCKX2 contains four exons and three introns. The amino acid sequence of BoCKX2 protein shares 78% and 79% identity with BoCKX1 and BoCKX3 proteins, respectively. BoCKX1 and BoCKX3 genes are particularly closely related given that the amino acid and nucleotide sequence identities are more than 90%. These three BoCKX proteins carried putative signal peptide sequences typical of secretion pathway, and a GHS-motif was found at N-terminal flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding domain, suggesting that BoCKX proteins might covalently conjugate with an FAD cofactor through a predicted histidine residue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 11101, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Sheng Hsieh
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-23590121 (ext. 37331)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peng Q, Liu C, Zou Z, Zhang M. Ectopic expression of Jatropha curcas JcTAW1 improves the vegetative growth, yield, and drought resistance of tobacco. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:77. [PMID: 36737681 PMCID: PMC9898971 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jatropha curcas is a promising alternative bio-energy resource. However, underrun limited its broad application in the industry. Luckily, TAW1 is a high-productivity promoting gene that increases the lateral branches by prolonging the identification of inflorescence meristems to generate more spikes and flowers. RESULTS In the current study, we introduced the Jatropha JcTAW1 gene into tobacco to depict its functional profile. Ectopically expressed JcTAW1 increased the lateral branches and ultimate yield of the transgenic tobacco plants. Moreover, the JcTAW1 lines had significantly higher plant height, longer roots, and better drought resistance than those of wild-type (W.T.). We performed RNA sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to determine which biological processes were affected by JcTAW1. The results showed that biological processes such as carbon metabolism, cell wall biosynthesis, and ionization transport were extensively promoted by the ectopic expression of JcTAW1. Seven hub genes were identified. Therein, two up-regulated genes affect glucose metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis, five down-regulated genes are involved in DNA repair and negative regulation of TOR (target-of-rapamycin) signaling which was identified as a central regulator to promote cell proliferation and growth. CONCLUSIONS Our study verified a new promising candidate for Jatropha productive breeding and discovered several new features of JcTAW1. Except for boosting flowering, JcTAW1 was found to promote stem and root growth. Additionally, transcriptome analysis indicated that JcTAW1 might promote glucose metabolism while suppressing the DNA repair system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Peng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhurong Zou
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Mengru Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
CRISPR-Based Genome Editing and Its Applications in Woody Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710175. [PMID: 36077571 PMCID: PMC9456532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technology provides straightforward, proficient, and multifunctional ways for the site-directed modification of organism genomes and genes. The application of CRISPR-based technology in plants has a vast potential value in gene function research, germplasm innovation, and genetic improvement. The complexity of woody plants genome may pose significant challenges in the application and expansion of various new editing techniques, such as Cas9, 12, 13, and 14 effectors, base editing, particularly for timberland species with a long life span, huge genome, and ploidy. Therefore, many novel optimisms have been drawn to molecular breeding research based on woody plants. This review summarizes the recent development of CRISPR/Cas applications for essential traits, including wood properties, flowering, biological stress, abiotic stress, growth, and development in woody plants. We outlined the current problems and future development trends of this technology in germplasm and the improvement of products in woody plants.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang L, Li M, Fu J, Huang X, Yan P, Ge S, Li Z, Bai P, Zhang L, Han W, Li X. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Isopentenyl transferase Family Genes during Development and Resistance to Abiotic Stresses in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172243. [PMID: 36079621 PMCID: PMC9460862 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The tea plant is an important economic crop and is widely cultivated. Isopentenyl transferase (IPT) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of cytokinin (CK) signaling, which plays key roles in plant development and abiotic stress. However, the IPT gene family in tea plants has not been systematically investigated until now. The phylogenetic analyses, gene structures, and conserved domains were predicted here. The results showed that a total of 13 CsIPT members were identified from a tea plant genome database and phylogenetically classified into four groups. Furthermore, 10 CsIPT members belonged to plant ADP/ATP-IPT genes, and 3 CsIPTs were tRNA-IPT genes. There is a conserved putative ATP/GTP-binding site (P-loop motif) in all the CsIPT sequences. Based on publicly available transcriptome data as well as through RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis, the CsIPT genes which play key roles in the development of different tissues were identified, respectively. Furthermore, CsIPT6.2 may be involved in the response to different light treatments. CsIPT6.4 may play a key role during the dormancy and flush of the lateral buds. CsIPT5.1 may play important regulatory roles during the development of the lateral bud, leaf, and flower. CsIPT5.2 and CsIPT6.2 may both play key roles for increased resistance to cold-stress, whereas CsIPT3.2 may play a key role in improving resistance to high-temperature stress as well as drought-stress and rewatering. This study could provide a reference for further studies of CsIPT family’s functions and could contribute to tea molecular breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Jianyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Shibei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zhengzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Peixian Bai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Wenyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (X.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma A, Prakash S, Chattopadhyay D. Killing two birds with a single stone-genetic manipulation of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase ( CKX) genes for enhancing crop productivity and amelioration of drought stress response. Front Genet 2022; 13:941595. [PMID: 35923693 PMCID: PMC9340367 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.941595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of high-yielding, bio-fortified, stress-tolerant crop cultivars is the need of the hour in the wake of increasing global food insecurity, abrupt climate change, and continuous shrinking of resources and landmass suitable for agriculture. The cytokinin group of phytohormones positively regulates seed yield by simultaneous regulation of source capacity (leaf senescence) and sink strength (grain number and size). Cytokinins also regulate root-shoot architecture by promoting shoot growth and inhibiting root growth. Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) are the only enzymes that catalyze the irreversible degradation of active cytokinins and thus negatively regulate the endogenous cytokinin levels. Genetic manipulation of CKX genes is the key to improve seed yield and root-shoot architecture through direct manipulation of endogenous cytokinin levels. Downregulation of CKX genes expressed in sink tissues such as inflorescence meristem and developing seeds, through reverse genetics approaches such as RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in increased yield marked by increased number and size of grains. On the other hand, root-specific expression of CKX genes resulted in decreased endogenous cytokinin levels in roots which in turn resulted in increased root growth indicated by increased root branching, root biomass, and root-shoot biomass ratio. Enhanced root growth provided enhanced tolerance to drought stress and improved micronutrient uptake efficiency. In this review, we have emphasized the role of CKX as a genetic factor determining yield, micronutrient uptake efficiency, and response to drought stress. We have summarised the efforts made to increase crop productivity and drought stress tolerance in different crop species through genetic manipulation of CKX family genes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang L, Li H, Suo Y, Han W, Diao S, Mai Y, Wang Y, Yuan J, Ye L, Pu T, Zhang Q, Sun P, Li F, Fu J. Effects of Different Chemicals on Sexual Regulation in Persimmon ( Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:876086. [PMID: 35693185 PMCID: PMC9179176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.876086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Research on crop sexuality is important for establishing systems for germplasm innovation and cultivating improved varieties. In this study, androecious persimmon trees were treated with various concentrations of ethrel (100, 500, and 1,000 mg/L) and zeatin (1, 5, and 10 mg/L) to investigate the morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of persimmon. Ethrel at 1,000 mg/L and zeatin at 10 mg/L both significantly reduced the stamen length and pollen grain diameter in androecious trees. Ethrel treatment also led to reduced stamen development with degenerated cellular contents; zeatin treatment promoted the development of arrested pistils via maintaining relatively normal mitochondrial morphology. Both treatments altered carbohydrate, amino acid, and endogenous phytohormone contents, as well as genes associated with hormone production and floral organ development. Thereafter, we explored the combined effects of four chemicals, including ethrel and zeatin, as well as zebularine and 5-azacytidine, both of which are DNA methylation inhibitors, on androecious persimmon flower development. Morphological comparisons showed that stamen length, pollen viability, and pollen grain diameter were significantly inhibited after combined treatment. Large numbers of genes involving in carbohydrate metabolic, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and ribosome pathways, and metabolites including uridine monophosphate (UMP) and cyclamic acid were identified in response to the treatment, indicating complex regulatory mechanisms. An association analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that ribosomal genes have distinct effects on UMP and cyclamic acid metabolites, explaining how male floral buds of androecious persimmon trees respond to these exogenous chemicals. These findings extend the knowledge concerning sexual differentiation in persimmon; they also provide a theoretical basis for molecular breeding, high-yield cultivation, and quality improvement in persimmon.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mandal S, Ghorai M, Anand U, Roy D, Kant N, Mishra T, Mane AB, Jha NK, Lal MK, Tiwari RK, Kumar M, Radha, Ghosh A, Bhattacharjee R, Proćków J, Dey A. Cytokinins: A Genetic Target for Increasing Yield Potential in the CRISPR Era. Front Genet 2022; 13:883930. [PMID: 35559022 PMCID: PMC9086551 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.883930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in our understanding the phytohormones, cytokinin's (CKs) biosynthesis, perception, and signalling pathways. Additionally, it became apparent that interfering with any of these steps has a significant effect on all stages of plant growth and development. As a result of their complex regulatory and cross-talk interactions with other hormones and signalling networks, they influence and control a wide range of biological activities, from cellular to organismal levels. In agriculture, CKs are extensively used for yield improvement and management because of their wide-ranging effects on plant growth, development and physiology. One of the primary targets in this regard is cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKO/CKX), which is encoded by CKX gene, which catalyses the irreversible degradation of cytokinin. The previous studies on various agronomically important crops indicated that plant breeders have targeted CKX directly. In recent years, prokaryotic clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has been increasingly used in editing the CKO/CKX gene and phenomenal results have been achieved. This review provides an updated information on the applications of CRISPR-based gene-editing tools in manipulating cytokinin metabolism at the genetic level for yield improvement. Furthermore, we summarized the current developments of RNP-mediated DNA/transgene-free genomic editing of plants which would broaden the application of this technology. The current review will advance our understanding of cytokinins and their role in sustainably increase crop production through CRISPR/Cas genome editing tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Mandal
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- CytoGene Research & Development LLP, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debleena Roy
- PG Department of Botany, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata, India
| | - Nishi Kant
- Department of Biotechnology, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur, India
| | - Tulika Mishra
- Department of Botany, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Abhijit Bhagwan Mane
- Department of Zoology, Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidhyalaya, Ramanandnagar (Burli), Sangli, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | | | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India
| | - Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Rahul Bhattacharjee
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed To Be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miladinovic D, Antunes D, Yildirim K, Bakhsh A, Cvejić S, Kondić-Špika A, Marjanovic Jeromela A, Opsahl-Sorteberg HG, Zambounis A, Hilioti Z. Targeted plant improvement through genome editing: from laboratory to field. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:935-951. [PMID: 33475781 PMCID: PMC8184711 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of GE technologies and how they could be applied to obtain superior and sustainable crop production. The main challenges of today's agriculture are maintaining and raising productivity, reducing its negative impact on the environment, and adapting to climate change. Efficient plant breeding can generate elite varieties that will rapidly replace obsolete ones and address ongoing challenges in an efficient and sustainable manner. Site-specific genome editing in plants is a rapidly evolving field with tangible results. The technology is equipped with a powerful toolbox of molecular scissors to cut DNA at a pre-determined site with different efficiencies for designing an approach that best suits the objectives of each plant breeding strategy. Genome editing (GE) not only revolutionizes plant biology, but provides the means to solve challenges related to plant architecture, food security, nutrient content, adaptation to the environment, resistance to diseases and production of plant-based materials. This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of these technologies and how these technologies could be applied to obtain superior, safe and sustainable crop production. Synergies of genome editing with other technological platforms that are gaining significance in plants lead to an exciting new, post-genomic era for plant research and production. In previous months, we have seen what global changes might arise from one new virus, reminding us of what drastic effects such events could have on food production. This demonstrates how important science, technology, and tools are to meet the current time and the future. Plant GE can make a real difference to future sustainable food production to the benefit of both mankind and our environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kubilay Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Ondokuzmayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Allah Bakhsh
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Sandra Cvejić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Antonios Zambounis
- Department of Deciduous Fruit Trees, Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Naoussa, Greece
| | - Zoe Hilioti
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li C, Brant E, Budak H, Zhang B. CRISPR/Cas: a Nobel Prize award-winning precise genome editing technology for gene therapy and crop improvement. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:253-284. [PMID: 33835761 PMCID: PMC8042526 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since it was first recognized in bacteria and archaea as a mechanism for innate viral immunity in the early 2010s, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) has rapidly been developed into a robust, multifunctional genome editing tool with many uses. Following the discovery of the initial CRISPR/Cas-based system, the technology has been advanced to facilitate a multitude of different functions. These include development as a base editor, prime editor, epigenetic editor, and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR activator (CRISPRa) gene regulators. It can also be used for chromatin and RNA targeting and imaging. Its applications have proved revolutionary across numerous biological fields, especially in biomedical and agricultural improvement. As a diagnostic tool, CRISPR has been developed to aid the detection and screening of both human and plant diseases, and has even been applied during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. CRISPR/Cas is also being trialed as a new form of gene therapy for treating various human diseases, including cancers, and has aided drug development. In terms of agricultural breeding, precise targeting of biological pathways via CRISPR/Cas has been key to regulating molecular biosynthesis and allowing modification of proteins, starch, oil, and other functional components for crop improvement. Adding to this, CRISPR/Cas has been shown capable of significantly enhancing both plant tolerance to environmental stresses and overall crop yield via the targeting of various agronomically important gene regulators. Looking to the future, increasing the efficiency and precision of CRISPR/Cas delivery systems and limiting off-target activity are two major challenges for wider application of the technology. This review provides an in-depth overview of current CRISPR development, including the advantages and disadvantages of the technology, recent applications, and future considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Eleanor Brant
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Hikmet Budak
- Montana BioAgriculture, Inc., Missoula, MT 59802, USA.
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Genome editing in fruit, ornamental, and industrial crops. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:499-528. [PMID: 33825100 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has opened new avenues for targeted trait enhancement in fruit, ornamental, industrial, and all specialty crops. In particular, CRISPR-based editing systems, derived from bacterial immune systems, have quickly become routinely used tools for research groups across the world seeking to edit plant genomes with a greater level of precision, higher efficiency, reduced off-target effects, and overall ease-of-use compared to ZFNs and TALENs. CRISPR systems have been applied successfully to a number of horticultural and industrial crops to enhance fruit ripening, increase stress tolerance, modify plant architecture, control the timing of flower development, and enhance the accumulation of desired metabolites, among other commercially-important traits. As editing technologies continue to advance, so too does the ability to generate improved crop varieties with non-transgenic modifications; in some crops, direct transgene-free edits have already been achieved, while in others, T-DNAs have successfully been segregated out through crossing. In addition to the potential to produce non-transgenic edited crops, and thereby circumvent regulatory impediments to the release of new, improved crop varieties, targeted gene editing can speed up trait improvement in crops with long juvenile phases, reducing inputs resulting in faster market introduction to the market. While many challenges remain regarding optimization of genome editing in ornamental, fruit, and industrial crops, the ongoing discovery of novel nucleases with niche specialties for engineering applications may form the basis for additional and potentially crop-specific editing strategies.
Collapse
|
14
|
The Hulks and the Deadpools of the Cytokinin Universe: A Dual Strategy for Cytokinin Production, Translocation, and Signal Transduction. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020209. [PMID: 33546210 PMCID: PMC7913349 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins are plant hormones, derivatives of adenine with a side chain at the N6-position. They are involved in many physiological processes. While the metabolism of trans-zeatin and isopentenyladenine, which are considered to be highly active cytokinins, has been extensively studied, there are others with less obvious functions, such as cis-zeatin, dihydrozeatin, and aromatic cytokinins, which have been comparatively neglected. To help explain this duality, we present a novel hypothesis metaphorically comparing various cytokinin forms, enzymes of CK metabolism, and their signalling and transporter functions to the comics superheroes Hulk and Deadpool. Hulk is a powerful but short-lived creation, whilst Deadpool presents a more subtle and enduring force. With this dual framework in mind, this review compares different cytokinin metabolites, and their biosynthesis, translocation, and sensing to illustrate the different mechanisms behind the two CK strategies. This is put together and applied to a plant developmental scale and, beyond plants, to interactions with organisms of other kingdoms, to highlight where future study can benefit the understanding of plant fitness and productivity.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Energy security and climate change have cascading effects on the world's burgeoning population in terms of food security, environment, and sustainability. Due to depletion of fossil fuels and undesirable changes of climatic conditions, increase in air and water pollution, mankind started exploring alternate and sustainable means of meeting growing energy needs. One of the options is to use renewable sources of fuel-biofuel. In this chapter the authors have reviewed and presented sustainability impact on production of biofuels. Authors further reviewed state-of-the-art gene editing technologies toward improvement of biofuel crops. The authors recommend a phased transition from first-generation biofuel, and an acceleration toward use of technology to drive adoption of second-generation biofuels. Key aspects of technology and application of resource management models will enable these crops to bridge the global energy demand before we can completely transition to a more sustainable biofuel economy.
Collapse
|
16
|
He G, Yang P, Tang Y, Cao Y, Qi X, Xu L, Ming J. Mechanism of exogenous cytokinins inducing bulbil formation in Lilium lancifolium in vitro. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:861-872. [PMID: 32270280 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinin pathway promotes the initiation of bulbil formation, and iPA may an important type of cytokinin during bulbil formation in Lilium lancifolium. Bulbils are important vegetative reproductive organs in triploid Lilium lancifolium. We previously showed that cytokinins are involved in bulbil formation, but how cytokinins participate in bulbil formation is not clear. In this study, bulbil formation was divided into three stages on the basis of anatomical and histological observations: the bulbil initiation stage, bulbil primordium-formation stage and bulbil structure-formation stage. The results indicated that iPA was the most critical cytokinin during the bulbil initiation. qRT-PCR revealed that increased iPA content during bulbil initiation was mainly due to increased expression of cytokinin synthesis genes (IPT1/5) and cytokinin activation genes (LOG1/3/5/7) and significantly decreased expression of the cytokinin degradation gene CKX4. Exogenous 6-BA and lovastatin affected the cytokinin pathway and promoted or inhibited bulbil initiation by increasing or decreasing the content of endogenous iPA, respectively. In summary, we demonstrate that cytokinins positively regulate bulbil formation and provide preliminary insight into the regulatory mechanisms by which the cytokinin pathway promotes bulbil initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoren He
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuchao Tang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuwei Cao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianyu Qi
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Leifeng Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Ming
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma X, Zhang X, Traore SM, Xin Z, Ning L, Li K, Zhao K, Li Z, He G, Yin D. Genome-wide identification and analysis of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) during seed development in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:192. [PMID: 32375650 PMCID: PMC7203998 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have several known functions involving various biological regulatory processes in plant. However, the possible roles of lncRNAs during peanut seed development have not been fully explored. RESULTS In this study, two peanut recombinant inbred lines (RIL8) that differ in seed size were used to investigate comprehensive lncRNA profiles derived from the seed development at 15 and 35 days after flowering (DAF). We identified a total of 9388 known and 4037 novel lncRNAs, from which 1437 were differentially expressed lncRNAs. Interestingly, the expression patterns of a number of lncRNAs can be very different between two closely related inbred lines and these lncRNAs were expressed predominantly in only one RIL at 35 DAF. Some differentially expressed lncRNAs were found related to putative cis-acting target genes and predicted to be involved in transcription, transport, cell division, and plant hormone biosynthesis. The expression patterns of several representative lncRNAs and 12 protein-coding genes were validated by qPCR. Same expression pattern was observed between most lncRNAs and their target genes. 11 lncRNAs, XR_001593099.1, MSTRG.18462.1, MSTRG.34915.1, MSTRG.41848.1, MSTRG.22884.1, MSTRG.12404.1, MSTRG.26719.1, MSTRG.35761.1, MSTRG.20033.1, MSTRG.13500.1, and MSTRG.9304.1 and their cis-acting target genes may play key roles in peanut seed development. CONCLUSIONS These results provided new information on lncRNA-mediated regulatory roles in peanut seed development, contributing to the comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in peanut seed development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Ma
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Sy Mamadou Traore
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, 36088, AL, USA
| | - Zeyu Xin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Longlong Ning
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Guohao He
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, 36088, AL, USA
| | - Dongmei Yin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang K, Lu H, Wan C, Tang D, Zhao Y, Luo K, Li S, Wang J. The Spread and Transmission of Sweet Potato Virus Disease (SPVD) and Its Effect on the Gene Expression Profile in Sweet Potato. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040492. [PMID: 32290324 PMCID: PMC7238082 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) is the most devastating viral disease in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), causing substantial yield losses worldwide. We conducted a systemic investigation on the spread, transmission, and pathogenesis of SPVD. Field experiments conducted over two years on ten sweet potato varieties showed that SPVD symptoms first occurred in newly developed top leaves, and spread from adjacent to distant plants in the field. The SPVD incidence was mainly (but not only) determined by the resistance of the varieties planted, and each variety exhibited a characteristic subset of SPVD symptoms. SPVD was not robustly transmitted through friction inoculation, but friction of the main stem might contribute to a higher SPVD incidence rate compared to friction of the leaf and branch tissues. Furthermore, our results suggested that SPVD might be latent in the storage root. Therefore, using virus-free storage roots and cuttings, purposeful monitoring for SPVD according to variety-specific symptoms, and swiftly removing infected plants (especially during the later growth stages) would help control and prevent SPVD during sweet potato production. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that numerous genes involved in photosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis were downregulated following SPVD, whereas those involved in monolignol biosynthesis, zeatin biosynthesis, trehalose metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism were upregulated. Notably, critical genes involved in pathogenesis and plant defense were significantly induced or suppressed following SPVD. These data provide insights into the molecular changes of sweet potato in response to SPVD and elucidate potential SPVD pathogenesis and defense mechanisms in sweet potato. Our study provides important information that can be used to tailor sustainable SPVD control strategies and guide the molecular breeding of SPVD-resistant sweet potato varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (K.Z.);
(J.W.); Tel.: +86-6825-1264 (K.Z.); +86-6825-1264 (J.W.)
| | - Huixiang Lu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chuanfang Wan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Daobin Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kai Luo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- The Agricultural Science Research Institute of Liupanshui, Guizhou 553001, China
| | - Shixi Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (H.L.); (C.W.); (D.T.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (K.Z.);
(J.W.); Tel.: +86-6825-1264 (K.Z.); +86-6825-1264 (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hai NN, Chuong NN, Tu NHC, Kisiala A, Hoang XLT, Thao NP. Role and Regulation of Cytokinins in Plant Response to Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E422. [PMID: 32244272 PMCID: PMC7238249 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are key phytohormones that not only regulate plant growth and development but also mediate plant tolerance to drought stress. Recent advances in genome-wide association studies coupled with in planta characterization have opened new avenues to investigate the drought-responsive expression of CK metabolic and signaling genes, as well as their functions in plant adaptation to drought. Under water deficit, CK signaling has evolved as an inter-cellular communication network which is essential to crosstalk with other types of phytohormones and their regulating pathways in mediating plant stress response. In this review, we revise the current understanding of CK involvement in drought stress tolerance. Particularly, a genetic framework for CK signaling and CK crosstalk with abscisic acid (ABA) in the precise monitoring of drought responses is proposed. In addition, the potential of endogenous CK alteration in crops towards developing drought-tolerant crops is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ngoc Hai
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Environmental and Life Science, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2 Canada
| | - Nguyen Nguyen Chuong
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Cam Tu
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Anna Kisiala
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada;
| | - Xuan Lan Thi Hoang
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Phuong Thao
- Applied Biotechnology for Crop Development Research Unit, School of Biotechnology, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (N.N.H.); (N.N.C.); (N.H.C.T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ouyang L, Wang Z, Li L, Chen B. Physiological parameters and differential expression analysis of N-phenyl- N'-[6-(2-chlorobenzothiazol)-yl] urea-induced callus of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8776. [PMID: 32206452 PMCID: PMC7075363 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed differences in the enzyme activities and transcriptomes of embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli to gain insights for improving the success of tissue culture-based breeding. A total of 2,856 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 1,632 up-regulated and 1,224 down-regulated) were identified based on RNA sequencing and verified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that many of the up-regulated DEGs in embryogenic callus were enriched in the photosynthesis processes. Furthermore, the enzyme activity, hormone content, and cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) gene expression analyses were found to be consistent with the transcriptome results. Cytokinin biosynthesis in N-phenyl-N′-[6-(2-chlorobenzothiazol)-yl] urea (PBU)-induced embryogenic callus increased owing to CKX repression. Measurement of endogenous hormones by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that, compared with non-embryogenic callus, in embryogenic callus, the indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and trans-zeatin riboside content had significantly higher values of 129.7, 127.8 and 78.9 ng/g, respectively. Collectively, the findings of this study will provide a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying embryogenic callus differentiation and can potentially contribute to developing procedures aimed at enhancing the success of callus-based plant regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lejun Ouyang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Zechen Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Limei Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Baoling Chen
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Miroshnichenko DN, Shulga OA, Timerbaev VR, Dolgov SV. Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects in the Production of Nontransgenic, Genome-Edited Plants. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819090047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
22
|
Youssef HM, Hansson M. Crosstalk among hormones in barley spike contributes to the yield. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:1013-1016. [PMID: 31139893 PMCID: PMC6647112 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The hormonal ratios along the barley spike regulate the development, atrophy and abortion of the spikelets and could be the mechanism by which the barley spike adapts its yield potential. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the oldest cereal crops known to be cultivated since about 10,000 years. The inflorescence of cultivated barley is an indeterminate spike that produces three single-flowered spikelets at each rachis node which make it unique among the grasses. The yield production in barley is predominantly controlled by very important parameters such as number of tillers and number of spikelets per spike. These two parameters are negatively correlated. Therefore, studying the biological and genetics of the spikelet development during the spike developmental stages is essential for breeding programs. Here we summarize our current understanding of the crosstalk between hormones such as auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin and abscisic acid along the spike and what is their role in regulating spike and spikelet development in barley. We conclude that the hormonal ratios at the apical, central, and basal sections of the spike not only regulate the spike developmental stages, but also the development, atrophy, and abortion of the spikelets. This hormonal dependent modification of the grain number along the spike could be the mechanism by which the barley spike adapts its yield potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helmy M Youssef
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mats Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Song Q, Cheng S, Chen Z, Nie G, Xu F, Zhang J, Zhou M, Zhang W, Liao Y, Ye J. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealing the potential mechanism of seed germination stimulated by exogenous gibberellin in Fraxinus hupehensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:199. [PMID: 31092208 PMCID: PMC6521437 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fraxinus hupehensis is an endangered tree species that is endemic to in China; the species has very high commercial value because of its intricate shape and potential to improve and protect the environment. Its seeds show very low germination rates in natural conditions. Preliminary experiments indicated that gibberellin (GA3) effectively stimulated the seed germination of F. hupehensis. However, little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of GA3 on F. hupehensis seed germination. RESULTS We compared dormant seeds (CK group) and germinated seeds after treatment with water (W group) and GA3 (G group) in terms of seed vigor and several other physiological indicators related to germination, hormone content, and transcriptomics. Results showed that GA3 treatment increases seed vigor, energy requirements, and trans-Zetain (ZT) and GA3 contents but decreases sugar and abscisic acid (ABA) contents. A total of 116,932 unigenes were obtained from F. hupehensis transcriptome. RNA-seq analysis identified 31,856, 33,188 and 2056 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the W and CK groups, the G and CK groups, and the G and W groups, respectively. Up-regulation of eight selected DEGs of the glycolytic pathway accelerated the oxidative decomposition of sugar to release energy for germination. Up-regulated genes involved in ZT (two genes) and GA3 (one gene) biosynthesis, ABA degradation pathway (one gene), and ABA signal transduction (two genes) may contribute to seed germination. Two down-regulated genes associated with GA3 signal transduction were also observed in the G group. GA3-regulated genes may alter hormone levels to facilitate germination. Candidate transcription factors played important roles in GA3-promoted F. hupehensis seed germination, and Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis verified the expression patterns of these genes. CONCLUSION Exogenous GA3 increased the germination rate, vigor, and water absorption rate of F. hupehensis seeds. Our results provide novel insights into the transcriptional regulation mechanism of effect of exogenous GA3 on F. hupehensis seed germination. The transcriptome data generated in this study may be used for further molecular research on this unique species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiling Song
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- National R&D for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023 China
| | - Zexiong Chen
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Gongping Nie
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland (Ministry of Education), Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Mingqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025 Hubei China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao ML, Ni J, Chen MS, Xu ZF. Ectopic Expression of Jatropha curcas TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE J Causes Late-Flowering and Heterostylous Phenotypes in Arabidopsis but not in Jatropha. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2165. [PMID: 31052421 PMCID: PMC6540179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) phosphatase (TPP), a dephosphorylating enzyme, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of T6P, generating trehalose. In Jatropha, we found six members of the TPP family. Five of them JcTPPA, JcTPPC, JcTPPD, JcTPPG, and JcTPPJ are highly expressed in female flowers or male flowers, or both, suggesting that members of the JcTPP family may participate in flower development in Jatropha. The wide expression of JcTPPJ gene in various organs implied its versatile roles and thus was chosen for unraveling its biological functions during developmental process. We constructed an overexpression vector of JcTPPJ cDNA driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter for genetic transformation. Compared with control Arabidopsis plants, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis plants presented greater sucrose contents in their inflorescences and displayed late-flowering and heterostylous phenotypes. Exogenous application of sucrose to the inflorescence buds of wild-type Arabidopsis repressed the development of the perianth and filaments, with a phenocopy of the 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis. These results suggested that the significantly increased sucrose level in the inflorescence caused (or induced) by JcTTPJ overexpression, was responsible for the formation of heterostylous flower phenotype. However, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Jatropha displayed no obvious phenotypic changes, implying that JcTPPJ alone may not be sufficient for regulating flower development in Jatropha. Our results are helpful for understanding the function of TPPs, which may regulate flower organ development by manipulating the sucrose status in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jun Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Mao-Sheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
| |
Collapse
|