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Gačnikar J, Mrkun J, Babič J, Sterniša M, Zakošek Pipan M. Impact of Mycotoxin Metabolites Deepoxy-Deoxynivalenol and Beta-Zearalenol on Bovine Preimplantation Embryo Development in the Presence of Acetonitrile. Vet Sci 2024; 11:267. [PMID: 38922014 PMCID: PMC11209286 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The quality of animal feed is increasingly affected by weather conditions, high humidity, and damage to grains, which have led to various mycotoxin-producing moulds. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the combination of deepoxy-deoxynivalenol and beta-zearalenol on the development of preimplantation bovine embryos, the extent to which the presence of both mycotoxin metabolites affects the development of in vitro cultured bovine embryos, or whether the effect of both toxins enhances embryotoxicity. Ovaries were transported from the abattoir to the laboratory and, after maturation and fertilisation, zygotes were placed in an embryo culture medium (IVC) with different mycotoxin metabolite concentrations diluted in acetonitrile. It was found that the blastocyst rate of cleaved embryos was affected by 1 μL acetonitrile in 400 μL medium (0.25%) compared to the group without acetonitrile. For this reason, it was decided to use acetonitrile as a control group, and the desired mycotoxin metabolite concentrations were diluted in the lowest possible amount of acetonitrile (0.5 μL) that could be accurately added to the study groups. There was no statistical difference when the higher mycotoxin metabolite concentrations were added.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Gačnikar
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.M.); (M.Z.P.)
| | - J. Mrkun
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.M.); (M.Z.P.)
| | - J. Babič
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - M. Sterniša
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - M. Zakošek Pipan
- Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.M.); (M.Z.P.)
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2
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Tang Y, Cui J, Wang X, Yang Q, Yue Y, Gao C, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhang S, Tian J, Xi G, An L. "Meiosis arrester" C-natriuretic peptide directly stimulates oocyte mtDNA accumulation and is implicated in aging-associated oocyte mtDNA loss. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23295. [PMID: 37984844 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300886r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
C-natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the central regulator of oocyte meiosis progression, thus coordinating synchronization of oocyte nuclear-cytoplasmic maturation. However, whether CNP can independently regulate cytoplasmic maturation has been long overlooked. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) accumulation is the hallmark event of cytoplasmic maturation, but the mechanism underlying oocyte mtDNA replication remains largely elusive. Herein, we report that CNP can directly stimulate oocyte mtDNA replication at GV stage, and deficiency of follicular CNP may contribute largely to lower mtDNA copy number in in vitro matured oocytes. The mechanistic study showed that cAMP-PKA-CREB1 signaling cascade underlies the regulatory role of CNP in stimulating mtDNA replication and upregulating related genes. Of interest, we also report that CNP-NPR2 signaling is inhibited in aging follicles, and this inhibition is implicated in lower mtDNA copy number in oocytes from aging females. Together, our study provides the first direct functional link between follicular CNP and oocyte mtDNA replication, and identifies its involvement in aging-associated mtDNA loss in oocytes. These findings, not only update the current knowledge of the functions of CNP in coordinating oocyte maturation but also present a promising strategy for improving in vitro fertilization outcomes of aging females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyin Xi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei An
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Hu LL, Chen S, Shen MY, Huang QY, Li HG, Sun SC, Wang JL, Luo XQ. Aflatoxin B1 impairs porcine oocyte quality via disturbing intracellular membrane system and ATP production. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115213. [PMID: 37421895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin is the most common type of mycotoxins in contaminated corn, peanuts and rice, which affects the livestock and ultimately endangers human health. Aflatoxin is reported to have carcinogenicity, mutation, growth retardation, immunosuppression and reproductive toxicity. In present study we reported the causes for the declined porcine oocyte quality under aflatoxin exposure. We set up an in vitro exposure model and showed that aflatoxin B1 disturbed cumulus cell expansion and oocyte polar body extrusion. We found that aflatoxin B1 exposure disrupted ER distribution and elevated the expression of GRP78, indicating the occurrence of ER stress, and the increased calcium storage also confirmed this. Besides, the structure of cis-Golgi apparatus, another intracellular membrane system was also affected, showing with decreased GM130 expression. The oocytes under aflatoxin B1 exposure showed aberrant lysosome accumulation and higher LAMP2 expression, a marker for lysosome membrane protection, and this might be due to the aberrant mitochondria function with low ATP production and the increase of apoptosis, since we found that BAX expression increased, and ribosomal protein which is also an apoptosis-related factor RPS3 decreased. Taken together, our study revealed that aflatoxin B1 impairs intracellular membrane system ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosome and mitochondria function to affect porcine oocyte maturation quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Hu
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Shun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meng-Ying Shen
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Huang
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Hong-Ge Li
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China; Industrial College of Biomedicine and Health Industry, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiong Luo
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China.
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Yaacobi-Artzi S, Kalo D, Roth Z. Effect of the aflatoxins B1 and M1 on bovine oocyte developmental competence and embryo morphokinetics. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108437. [PMID: 37422138 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are considered as reproductive toxins for mammalian species. Here, we studied the effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) on the development and morphokinetics of bovine embryos. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured with AFB1 (0.032, 0.32, 3.2, 32 µM) or AFM1 (0.015, 0.15, 1.5, 15, 60 nM), then fertilized and the putative zygotes were cultured in an incubator equipped with a time-lapse system. Exposing COCs to 32 µM AFB1 or 60 nM AFM1 reduced the cleavage rate, whereas exposing them to 3.2 or 32 µM AFB1 further reduced the blastocyst formation. A delay was recorded for the first and second cleavages in a dose-dependent manner for both AFB1- and AFM1-treated oocytes. A delay was recorded in the third cleavage in the AFM1-treated group. To explore potential mechanisms, subgroups of COCs were examined for nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation (n = 225; DAPI and FITC-PNA, respectively), and mitochondrial function was examined in a stage-dependent manner. COCs were examined for their oxygen consumption rates (n = 875; Seahorse XFp analyzer) at the end of maturation, MII-stage oocytes were examined for their mitochondrial membrane potential (n = 407; JC1), and putative zygotes were examined using a fluorescent time-lapse system (n = 279; IncuCyte). Exposing COCs to AFB1 (3.2 or 32 µM) impaired oocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation and increased mitochondrial membrane potential in the putative zygotes. These alterations were associated with changes in the expression of mt-ND2 (32 µM AFB1) and STAT3 (all AFM1 concentrations) genes in the blastocyst stage, suggesting a carryover effect from the oocyte to the developing embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Yaacobi-Artzi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - Dorit Kalo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - Zvi Roth
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610000, Israel.
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Zhang JY, Zhang MY, Xiao SY, Zheng MF, Wang JL, Sun SC, Qin L. Nivalenol disrupts mitochondria functions during porcine oocyte meiotic maturation. Toxicon 2023:107223. [PMID: 37437783 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Oocyte maturation is important for fertility in mammals, since the quality of oocytes directly affects fertilization, embryo attachment and survival. Nivalenol is widely present in nature as a common toxin that contaminates grain and feed, and it has been reported to cause acute toxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and carcinogenic effects. In this study, we explored the impact of nivalenol on the porcine oocyte maturation and its possible mechanisms. The extrusion of the first polar body was significantly inhibited after incubating oocytes with nivalenol. Meanwhile, nivalenol exposure led to the abnormal distribution of mitochondria, aberrant calcium concentration and the reduction of membrane potential caused a significant decrease in the capacity of mitochondria to generate ATP. In addition, nivalenol induced oxidative stress, and the level of ROS was significantly increased in the nivalenol-treated group, which was confirmed by the perturbation of oxidative stress-related genes. We found that nivalenol-treated oocytes showed positive Annexin-V and γH2A.X signals, indicating the occurrence of apoptosis and DNA damage. In all, our data suggest that nivalenol disrupted porcine oocyte maturation through its effects on mitochondria-related oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meng-Yao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shi-Yi Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mei-Feng Zheng
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Li Qin
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China.
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6
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Prasad S, Streit B, Gruber C, Gonaus C. Enzymatic degradation of ochratoxin A in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad171. [PMID: 37220904 PMCID: PMC10290503 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal feeds are often contaminated with ochratoxin A (OTA), a potent natural mycotoxin hazardous to animal and human health that accumulates in blood and tissues. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the in vivo application of an enzyme (OTA amidohydrolase; OAH) that degrades OTA into the nontoxic molecules phenylalanine and ochratoxin α (OTα) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs. Piglets were fed six experimental diets over 14 days, varying in OTA contamination level (50 or 500 μg/kg; OTA50 and OTA500) and presence of OAH; a negative control diet (no OTA added) and a diet containing OTα at 318 µg/kg (OTα318). The absorption of OTA and OTα into the systemic circulation (plasma and dried blood spots, DBS), their accumulation in kidney, liver, and muscle tissues, and excretion through feces and urine were assessed. The efficiency of OTA degradation in the digesta content of the GIT was also estimated. At the end of the trial, accumulation of OTA in blood was significantly higher in OTA groups (OTA50 and OTA500) in comparison to enzyme groups (OAH50 and OAH500, respectively). The supplementation of OAH explicitly reduced the absorption of OTA (P < 0.005) into plasma by 54% and 59% (from 40.53 ± 3.53 to 18.66 ± 2.28 ng/mL in piglets fed the 50 μg OTA/kg diets and from 413.50 ± 71.88 to 168.35 ± 41.02 ng/mL in piglets fed the 500 μg OTA/kg diets, respectively) and in DBS by 50% and 53% (from 22.79 ± 2.63 to 10.67 ± 1.93 ng/mL in piglets fed the 50 μg OTA/kg diets and from 232.85 ± 35.16 to 105.71 ± 24.18 ng/mL in piglets fed the 500 μg OTA/kg diets, respectively). The OTA concentrations in plasma were positively associated with the OTA levels detected in all tissues analyzed; adding OAH reduced OTA levels in the kidney, liver, and muscle (P < 0.005) by 52%, 67%, and 59%, respectively. The analysis of GIT digesta content showed that OAH supplementation led to OTA degradation in the proximal GIT where natural hydrolysis is inefficient. Overall, the data of present in vivo study demonstrated that supplementation of swine feeds with OAH successfully reduced OTA levels in blood (plasma and DBS) as well as in kidney, liver, and muscle tissues. Therefore, an approach to use enzymes as feed additives might be most promising to mitigate the harmful effects of OTA on the productivity and welfare of pigs and at the same time improving the safety of pig-derived food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreenath Prasad
- BIOMIN Research Center, DSM Animal Nutrition and Health, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Barbara Streit
- BIOMIN Research Center, DSM Animal Nutrition and Health, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Christina Gruber
- BIOMIN Research Center, DSM Animal Nutrition and Health, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Christoph Gonaus
- BIOMIN Research Center, DSM Animal Nutrition and Health, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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Resveratrol Protects against Zearalenone-Induced Mitochondrial Defects during Porcine Oocyte Maturation via PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090641. [PMID: 36136579 PMCID: PMC9503427 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria hold redox homeostasis and energy metabolism as a crucial factor during oocyte maturation, while the exposure of estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone causes developmental incapacity in porcine oocyte. This study aimed to reveal a potential resistance of phytoalexin resveratrol against zearalenone during porcine oocyte maturation and whether its mechanism was related with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Porcine oocytes were exposed to 20 μM zearalenone with or without 2 μM resveratrol during in vitro maturation. As for the results, zearalenone impaired ultrastructure of mitochondria, causing mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative stress, apoptosis and embryonic developmental incapacity, in which mitophagy was induced in response to mitochondrial dysfunction. Phytoalexin resveratrol enhanced mitophagy through PINK1/Parkin in zearalenone-exposed oocytes, manifesting as enhanced mitophagy flux, upregulated PINK1, Parkin, microtubule-associated protein light-chain 3 beta-II (LC3B-II) and downregulated substrates mitofusin 2 (MFN2), voltage-dependent anion channels 1 (VDAC1) and p62 expressions. Resveratrol redressed zearalenone-induced mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative stress and apoptosis, and accelerated mitochondrial DNA copy during maturation, which improved embryonic development. This study offered an antitoxin solution during porcine oocyte maturation and revealed the involvement of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, in which resveratrol mitigated zearalenone-induced embryonic developmental incapacity.
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8
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Song Y, Zhao J, Qiao T, Li L, Shi D, Sun Y, Shen W, Sun X. Maternal ochratoxin A exposure impairs meiosis progression and primordial follicle formation of F1 offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113386. [PMID: 36007852 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi, widely contaminates feed, food and their raw materials. OTA has been proved to have hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Its reproductive toxicity needs to be further explored. We found that OTA inhibited the progression of meiosis, keeping more germ cells at leptotene and zygotene. Furthermore, OTA impaired primordial follicle formation, keeping more germ cells in cysts. Increased γH2AX suggested that DNA damage occurred both at the stages of meiosis and primordial follicle formation. The expression of RAD51 increased with the concentration of OTA at the stage of meiosis, while decreased later, suggesting the activated DNA repair induced by DNA damage then inhibited by persistent and excessive stress of DNA damage, which further induced apoptosis. DEGs caused by OTA were also mainly enriched in DNA damage and repair through RNA-seq analysis. Higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased degree of oxidative damage marker 8-OHdG were both found in the ovaries exposed to OTA. We concluded that maternal OTA exposure affected meiosis progression and primordial follicle formation via oxidative damage and DNA repair. Clarification of the mechanism of OTA will contribute to the development of more effective detoxification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jinxin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Tian Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dachuan Shi
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yonghong Sun
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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9
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Zhang YZ, Zhao QH, Duan HW, Zou YJ, Sun SC, Hu LL. Aflatoxin B1 exposure disrupts organelle distribution in mouse oocytes. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13497. [PMID: 35646486 PMCID: PMC9135037 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a secondary metabolite produced by the fungus Aspergillus, which is ubiquitous in moldy grain products. Aflatoxin B1 has been reported to possess hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Previous studies have shown that AFB1 is toxic to mammalian oocytes. However, the potential toxicity of AFB1 on the organelles of mouse oocytes is unknown. In this study, we found that exposure to AFB1 significantly reduced mouse oocyte development capacity. Further analysis showed that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) failed to accumulate around the spindle, and scattered in the cytoplasm under AFB1 exposure. Similar to the ER, the Golgi apparatus showed a uniform localization pattern following AFB1 treatment. In addition, we found that AFB1 exposure caused the condensation of lysosomes in the cytoplasm, presenting as a clustered or spindle peripheral-localization pattern, which indicated that protein modification, transport, and degradation were affected. Mitochondrial distribution was also altered by AFB1 treatment. In summary, our study showed that AFB1 exposure had toxic effects on the distribution of mouse oocyte organelles, which further led to a decline in oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhe Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian-Han Zhao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Duan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Jing Zou
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Lin Hu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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10
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Li Q, Zhao T, He H, Robert N, Ding T, Hu X, Zhang T, Pan Y, Cui Y, Yu S. Ascorbic acid protects the toxic effects of aflatoxin B 1 on yak oocyte maturation. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13702. [PMID: 35257449 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-quality oocytes are a prerequisite for successful fertilization. Mammals feeding on aflatoxin-contaminated feed can cause reproductive toxicity, including follicular atresia, poor oocyte development and maturation, and aberrant epigenetic modifications of oocytes. In addition, the important role of ascorbic acid (AA) in reproductive biology has been confirmed, and AA is widely used as an antioxidant in cell culture. However, the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) on yak oocytes and whether AA has protective effects remain unknown. In this study, we found that exposure to AFB1 impedes meiotic maturation of oocytes, promotes apoptosis by triggering high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disrupts mitochondrial distribution and actin integrity, resulting in a decrease in the fertilization ability and parthenogenetic development ability of oocytes. In addition, these injuries changed the DNA methylation transferase transcription level of mature oocytes. After adding 50 μg/ml AA, the indices recovered to levels close to those of the control group. The results showed that AA could protect yak oocytes from the toxic effects of AFB1 and improve the quality of oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Honghong He
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Niayale Robert
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Ding
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuequan Hu
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tongxiang Zhang
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Hajarizadeh A, Eidi A, Arefian E, Tvrda E, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A. Aflatoxin B1 impairs in vitro early developmental competence of ovine oocytes. Theriogenology 2022; 183:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Gerez JR, Camacho T, Brunaldi Marutani VH, Nascimento de Matos RL, Hohmann MS, Verri Júnior WA, Bracarense APFRL. Ovarian toxicity by fusariotoxins in pigs: Does it imply in oxidative stress? Theriogenology 2021; 165:84-91. [PMID: 33640590 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are natural contaminants of food and feed occurring worldwide. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are the most frequent fusariotoxins and induce immune and intestinal toxicity in humans and animals. Recently, an association between mycotoxins exposure and impaired fertility has been suggested. However, the effects of these mycotoxins on the reproductive system are not well established. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of FB1 and DON, in combination or alone, on the ovarian morphology and oxidative responses using porcine explants. Seventy-two explants were obtained from six pigs and submitted to the following treatments: control (MEM medium), DON (10 μM), FB1 (100 μM FB1), and DON + FB1 (10 μM + 100 μM). Histological and immunohistochemical assays were performed to evaluate ovarian changes, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Oxidative stress response was evaluated through lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity response assays. The exposure to mycotoxins induced significant histological changes in the ovaries, which were characterized by a decrease in viable follicles and increase in degenerated follicles. A significant decrease in granulosa cell proliferation was observed in explants exposed to all mycotoxins. In addition the multi-contaminated treatment was responsible for an increase in the cell apoptosis index of growing follicles. On the other hand, the FB1 and multi-contaminated treatments induced a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation accompanied by an increase in antioxidant responses. Altogether, our results indicate a reproductive toxicity induced by fusariotoxins. Moreover, mycotoxins, alone or in combination, modulate oxidative stress response, interfering with the production of free radicals and affecting the reproductive capacity of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Rubira Gerez
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Thaynara Camacho
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Miriam Sayuri Hohmann
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu Aparecido Verri Júnior
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
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13
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Xu Y, Sun MH, Li XH, Ju JQ, Chen LY, Sun YR, Sun SC. Modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate-supplemented diet protects porcine oocyte quality from zearalenone toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:124-132. [PMID: 32683748 DOI: 10.1002/em.22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most common mycotoxins produced by fungus in contaminated feed. ZEN has multiple toxicities, including reproductive toxicity of domestic animals, particularly pigs. However, studies on the effects of ZEN on ovary/oocytes have been primarily based on in vitro experiments, and there is still no evidence from porcine in vivo models due to multiple limitations. Moreover, no report has investigated the effect of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) as a supplement on pig oocyte quality. In the present study, we fed pigs a 1.0 mg/kg ZEN-contaminated diet for 10 days. The results showed that pigs fed ZEN presented reduced oocyte-cumulus cell interactions, an increase in the number of denuded oocytes in ovaries, a decrease in the number of oocytes in each ovary, and an increase in the oocyte death rate. Oocytes from ZEN-exposed pigs exhibited a delayed cell cycle and abnormal cytoskeletal dynamics during meiotic maturation, which could be due to oxidative stress-induced autophagy. Moreover, we also show that supplementing the ZEN-contaminated diet with modified HSCAS effectively protected porcine oocyte quality. Taken together, our study provides in vivo data demonstrating the protective effects of HSCAS against ZEN toxicity in porcine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Qian Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yu-Rong Sun
- Jiangsu Aomai Bio-tech Company, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Dell'Aquila ME, Asif S, Temerario L, Mastrorocco A, Marzano G, Martino NA, Lacalandra GM, Roelen BA, Carluccio A, Robbe D, Minervini F. Ochratoxin A affects oocyte maturation and subsequent embryo developmental dynamics in the juvenile sheep model. Mycotoxin Res 2021; 37:23-37. [PMID: 32996062 PMCID: PMC7819917 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-020-00410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxic and nephrotoxic mycotoxin Ochratoxin A (OTA) has also been reported to have adverse effects on oocyte maturation and embryo development. Previous studies on the effects of OTA on female fertility have used micromolar concentrations, but no information is available to date on effects in a more relevant nanomolar range. This study used a juvenile sheep model to evaluate the effects of oocyte exposure to low levels of OTA on maturation, fertilization, and embryo development. Further, it was investigated whether different mechanisms of action of OTA could be responsible for varying toxic effects at different levels of exposure. Cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were exposed to 10 μmol/L-0.1 nmol/L OTA during in vitro maturation and evaluated for cumulus viability, oocyte maturation, and bioenergetic/oxidative status. COCs were subjected to in vitro fertilization, embryo culture, and embryo quality assessment via morphology, viability, bioenergetic/oxidative status, and time-lapse monitoring. At micromolar concentrations, OTA induced cytotoxic effects, by reducing cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation. OTA altered temporospatial dynamics of zygote pronuclear formation and embryo morphokinetics. Blastocysts, even morphologically normal, were found to undergo collapse events, which were probably related to boosted blastocyst mitochondrial activity. At nanomolar concentrations, OTA did not affect COC morpho-functional parameters, but impaired oocyte ability to prevent polyspermy and increased blastocyst apoptosis. In conclusion, in the female germ cell, cytotoxic nonspecific effects characterize OTA-induced toxicity at high exposure levels, whereas fine tuning-mode effects, not associated with altered cell viability and integrity, characterize OTA toxic action at low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Dell'Aquila
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. Prov. Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | - Shafaq Asif
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP18, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Letizia Temerario
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. Prov. Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Mastrorocco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. Prov. Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP18, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Marzano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. Prov. Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics E. de Giorgi, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Martino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. Prov. Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Michele Lacalandra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. Prov. Casamassima Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Bernard Aj Roelen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Augusto Carluccio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP18, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Domenico Robbe
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, SP18, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Minervini
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70125, Bari, (BA), Italy
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15
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Hu LL, Liao BY, Wei JX, Ling YL, Wei YX, Liu ZL, Luo XQ, Wang JL. Podophyllotoxin Exposure Causes Spindle Defects and DNA Damage-Induced Apoptosis in Mouse Fertilized Oocytes and Early Embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:600521. [PMID: 33330491 PMCID: PMC7710938 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.600521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a kind of lignans extracted from the roots and stems of the genus Podophyllum from the tiller family, and it has been widely used in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum, multiple superficial epithelioma in the clinics. However, PPT has been reported to be toxic and can cause liver defects and other organ poisoning. In addition, emerging evidences also indicate that PPT has reproductive toxicity and causes female reproduction disorders. In this study, we used fertilized oocytes and tried to explore the effects of PPT on the early embryonic development with the mouse model. The results showed that exposure to PPT had negative effects on the cleavage of zygotes. Further analysis indicated that PPT could disrupt the organization of spindle and chromosome arrangement at the metaphase of first cleavage. We also found that PPT exposure to the zygotes induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress. Moreover, in the PPT-exposed embryos, there was positive γH2A.X and Annexin-V signals, indicating that PPT induced embryonic DNA damage and early apoptosis. In conclusion, our results suggested that PPT could affect spindle formation and chromosome alignment during the first cleavage of mouse embryos, and its exposure induced DNA damage-mediated oxidative stress which eventually led to embryonic apoptosis, indicating the toxic effects of PPT on the early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Bi-Yun Liao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jing-Xi Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yan-Lan Ling
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yu-Xia Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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16
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Lan M, Zhang Y, Wan X, Pan MH, Xu Y, Sun SC. Melatonin ameliorates ochratoxin A-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in porcine oocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113374. [PMID: 31672358 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone which is generated from pineal gland, and it is responsible for the regulation of wake-sleep cycle. Melatonin is a well-known antioxidant and free radical scavenger to protect against multiple type of tissue damage. While ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin found widely in contaminated food and foodstuffs, which causes nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive damage in humans and animals. In present study we report the toxicity of OTA on porcine oocyte quality and the protective effects of melatonin on OTA-exposed oocytes. Using transcriptome analysis our results show that OTA exposure alters the expression of multiple genes in oocytes, indicating its effect on oocyte maturation. The cellular changes following OTA treatment are examined, and the results show that OTA adversely affects oocyte polar body extrusion, which is confirmed by the delay of Cdc2-mediated cell cycle progression. OTA exposure also disrupts meiotic spindle formation, which is confirmed by altered phosphorylated MAPK expression. RNA-seq screening and further fluorescence staining results show that OTA induces aberrant mitochondria distribution and oxidative phosphorylation defects, which then causes oxidative stress, followed by early apoptosis and autophagy. Treatment with melatonin significantly ameliorates oxidative stress and apoptosis, which further protects cell cycle and spindle formation in OTA-exposed oocytes. Collectively, these results show the protective effects of melatonin against defects induced by OTA during porcine meiotic oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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17
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Xu Y, Zhang KH, Sun MH, Lan M, Wan X, Zhang Y, Sun SC. Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Zearalenone Toxicity on Porcine Embryos in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:327. [PMID: 31024301 PMCID: PMC6460015 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi commonly found in corn, wheat, and other cereals which can infect food and feed commodities, and ZEA mainly has reproductive toxicity which causes widely reproductive disorders in pigs and other animals. However, the toxicity and the functional ways of ZEA on early embryo development is still unclear. In present study we showed that exposure to ZEA (10 μM) significantly decreased the 2-cell and blastocyst developmental rate in porcine early embryos in vitro. ZEA treatment resulted in the occurrence of oxidative stress, showing with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, following with aberrant mitochondrial distribution. Moreover, we found positive signals of γH2A.X in the ZEA-treated embryos, indicating that ZEA induced DNA damage, and the increased autophagy confirmed this. These results suggested that ZEA induced oxidative stress, which further caused mitochondria dysfunction and DNA damage on early embryonic development. We next investigated the effects of melatonin on the ZEA-treated embryo development, and we found that melatonin supplementation could significantly ameliorate ZEA-induced oxidative stress, aberrant mitochondria distribution and DNA damage. In all, our results showed that ZEA was toxic for porcine embryos cultured in vitro and melatonin supplementation could protect their development from the effects of ZEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun-Huan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Hong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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