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Choi EJ, Seguin D, Hmidan A, Duerden EG. Associations among screen time, sleep, mental health and cognitive functioning in school-aged children during the COVID-19 pandemic, November 2020 through to August 2022. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36889. [PMID: 39296038 PMCID: PMC11407957 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine children's screen time use and sleep patterns over 2 years of the pandemic and the downstream associations with children's executive functions and behavioural problems, as well as the moderating effects of parental factors. Method This longitudinal cohort study examined school-aged children's lifestyle and behavioural changes over 2 years of the pandemic across 6 timepoints (November 2020 to August 2022). Latent growth modeling (LGM) was used to identify changes in screen time and sleep duration and multivariate LGM was used to determine how parental stress, positive parenting, changes in children's screen time and sleep over time were associated with children's executive functions and mental health outcomes at the final time point. Results A total of 198 parents (children's mean age = 9.14 years) were recruited and followed up. Non-school screen time was elevated at the initial timepoint (3.6 ± 2.3 h). Positive parenting at the initial timepoint was associated with lower screen time use in children (β = -.19, p < .001; β = -.19, p < .001, in internalizing and externalizing models). Children whose screen time use was constant during the pandemic had shorter sleep durations (β = -.45, p < .05 in internalizing model). Executive function was predicted by sleep duration at the first timepoint (β = -.55, p < .001; β = .73, p < .001, in internalizing and externalizing models) and changes in screen time during the pandemic was associated with both internalizing and externalizing symptoms (β = .58, p < .05; β = .54, p < .05, in internalizing and externalizing models). Conclusion Children's screen time decreased slightly but remained significantly higher than Canadian and International guidelines during 2 years of the pandemic. Positive parenting styles can have a significant impact on children's screen time use. Reducing excessive screen time can help improve sleep patterns and, consequently, cognitive, and emotional well-being in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Choi
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Diane Seguin
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Amira Hmidan
- Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Emma G Duerden
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, Canada
- Pediatrics & Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Canada
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2
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Zhao Z, Zhu L, Liao J, Xia J, Pu X. Parental Mediation, Digital Media Usage, and Health Literacy: An Exploration Among Chinese Elementary School Students. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39129664 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2387389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between parental interactions, digital media usage, and health literacy among 19,386 elementary students (ages 6-11) in Guangdong Province, China, using the framework of parental mediation theory. Path analysis revealed that increased digital media usage is associated with decreased health literacy, particularly for short video platforms, which exhibit a significant negative correlation (β = -.335). Parental interaction was found to significantly reduce the use of instant messaging apps (β = -.007) and short video platforms (β = -.008), with the influence being moderated by the student's residence status (boarding or non-boarding). The findings highlight the importance of frequent parental interaction in limiting digital media usage and enhancing health literacy among children. This study suggests that parental mediation theory should pay closer attention to environmental or living status factors, as they can significantly influence its mechanisms of action. Overall, this research contributes to the discourse on digital behavior in childhood and offers evidence-based insights for improving educational and health literacy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Zhao
- School of Journalism and Communication, South China University of Technology
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University
- Key Laboratory of Education Department of Guangdong Province
| | - Jing Liao
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University
| | - Jiaxin Xia
- Department of Communication, University of Macau
| | - Xueya Pu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University
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Nair GR, Akhil R. Reducing screen time for health: Uniting against childhood obesity. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:3459-3460. [PMID: 39228635 PMCID: PMC11368368 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_384_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri R. Nair
- Community Medicine, Dr D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - R Akhil
- Community Medicine, Dr D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Mokari‐Yamchi A, Brazendale K, Faghfouri AH, Mohammadpour Y, Gheibi S. Adherence to physical activity and screen time recommendations of youth: Demographic differences from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e776. [PMID: 38966254 PMCID: PMC11223558 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Engaging in physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behaviors among youth are linked to improved mental and physical health. This study aimed to examine demographic differences among youth adhering to PA and Screen Time (ST) recommendations. Methods The present study utilized data from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The NHANES survey employed a cross-sectional design and gathered information on the daily duration of moderate-to-vigorous PA lasting 60 min or more, as well as the maximum daily ST not exceeding 2 h. The analysis encompassed a total of 1697 youth aged between 6 and 17 years. Results Overall, 36.3% of participants adhered to PA recommendations, 20.9% adhered to ST recommendations and 10.8% of youth met both recommendations. The odds of meeting PA, ST and both recommendations were inversely associated with obesity (obese vs. normal: aOR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.42-0.75]), (aOR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.48-0.94]) and (aOR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.32-0.82]) respectively, and age (14-17 years vs. 6-9 years: aOR, 0.2 [95% CI, 0.15-0.27]), (aOR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.23-0.47]) and (aOR, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.09-0.3]) respectively. Conclusion A small portion of the youth met PA and ST recommendations. Older youth, youth with obesity, and youth with a parent or guardian who had not completed a high school education were particularly at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mokari‐Yamchi
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research CenterUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Keith Brazendale
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research CenterUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Yousef Mohammadpour
- Department of Medical EducationSchool of MedicineUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Shahsanam Gheibi
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research CenterUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
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5
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Cho H, Kim KM, Kim JY, Youn BY. Twitter Discussions on #digitaldementia: Content and Sentiment Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e59546. [PMID: 39012679 PMCID: PMC11289583 DOI: 10.2196/59546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital dementia is a term that describes a possible decline in cognitive abilities, especially memory, attributed to the excessive use of digital technology such as smartphones, computers, and tablets. This concept has gained popularity in public discourse and media lately. With the increasing use of social media platforms such as Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X), discussions about digital dementia have become more widespread, which offer a rich source of information to understand public perceptions, concerns, and sentiments regarding this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to delve into a comprehensive content and sentiment analysis of Twitter discussions regarding digital dementia using the hashtag #digitaldementia. METHODS Retrospectively, publicly available English-language tweets with hashtag combinations related to the topic of digital dementia were extracted from Twitter. The tweets were collected over a period of 15 years, from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2022. Content analysis was used to identify major themes within the tweets, and sentiment analysis was conducted to understand the positive and negative emotions associated with these themes in order to gain a better understanding of the issues surrounding digital dementia. A one-way ANOVA was performed to gather detailed statistical insights regarding the selected tweets from influencers within each theme. RESULTS This study was conducted on 26,290 tweets over 15 years by 5123 Twitter users, mostly female users in the United States. The influencers had followers ranging from 20,000 to 1,195,000 and an average of 214,878 subscribers. The study identified four themes regarding digital dementia after analyzing tweet content: (1) cognitive decline, (2) digital dependency, (3) technology overload, and (4) coping strategies. Categorized according to Glaser and Strauss's classifications, most tweets (14,492/26,290, 55.12%) fell under the categories of wretched (purely negative) or bad (mostly negative). However, only a small proportion of tweets (3122/26,290, 11.86%) were classified as great (purely positive) or swell sentiment (mostly positive). The ANOVA results showed significant differences in mean sentiment scores among the themes (F3,3581=29.03; P<.001). The mean sentiment score was -0.1072 (SD 0.4276). CONCLUSIONS Various negative tweets have raised concerns about the link between excessive use of digital devices and cognitive decline, often known as digital dementia. Of particular concern is the rapid increase in digital device use. However, some positive tweets have suggested coping strategies. Engaging in digital detox activities, such as increasing physical exercise and participating in yoga and meditation, could potentially help prevent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongchan Cho
- Department of Business Administration, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Min Kim
- Department of Health Administration, Gyeonggi University of Science and Technology, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Young Kim
- Medical R&D Center, Bodyfriend Co Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Youn
- Department of Bio-Healthcare, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Tadpatrikar A, Sharma MK, Murthy P. Digital dilemmas and existing recommendations for healthy screen time use for children and adolescents. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 99:104154. [PMID: 39047352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
As technology continues to play an integral role in our daily lives, concerns regarding the appropriate and healthy use of screen time have prompted health organizations and authorities worldwide to establish guidelines and recommendations. This paper comprehensively summarizes existing recommendations and guidelines for screen time use from various countries, highlighting key similarities, differences, and emerging trends. However, there is a dire need to expand the existing repertoire of guidelines and recommendations to different age groups and strategies depending on user engagement for healthy screen time use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Tadpatrikar
- SHUT Clinic (Service for Healthy Use of Technology), Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Sharma
- SHUT Clinic (Service for Healthy Use of Technology), Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Pratima Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry,National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Loredana C, Alice T, Lynne M, Peter C, Stefano C, Mauro B. Early parent-child intervention with Dialogic Book-Sharing: effects on child communicative and socio-emotional development and on parenting. Study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial in Italy. Trials 2024; 25:395. [PMID: 38890664 PMCID: PMC11186156 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research in the neurosciences has highlighted the importance of intersubjective relationships in promoting neuromental development of the child. Children's learning in early childhood occurs mainly in a dyadic context of an interaction with their parents: from this perspective, good dialogic parent-child communication is required to be promoted also through good educational practices. Dialogic Book-Sharing (DBS), a dialogic form of parent-child communication through the use of wordless picture books, provides a privileged 'intersubjective' space and is highly effective in promoting communication, language, attention, behavioural development and the parent-child relationship. DBS programme, successfully previously trialled in South Africa and the UK, will be applied for the first time in Italy for research purposes in Italian health, educational and maternal-child centres. METHODS A multicentre randomised controlled trial is being conducted to evaluate DBS parenting intervention for children aged between 14 and 20 months. Parent-child dyads are randomly allocated to a book-sharing intervention group or to a wait-list control group. In the intervention, parents are trained in supportive book-sharing with their children by local staff of the centres. DBS intervention is carried out in small groups over a period of 4 weeks. Data are collected at baseline, post-intervention and at 6 months post-intervention with a questionnaire and video recording of parent-child interaction. DISCUSSION DBS programme in early childhood could enhance the educational resources offered by Italian health, educational and maternal-child centres, in support of child's development and parenting. DBS represents a strategic opportunity for bringing about positive effects, also in terms of prevention of socio-emotional and cognitive difficulties. As such it represents a promising response to the new social, health and educational needs of the post-COVID-19 pandemic era caused by the social isolation measures. Furthermore, the application of the DBS methodology is a way to promote the use of books, and thereby counteract the excessive use of technological devices already present in early childhood. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered on the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number database, registration number ISRCTN11755019 Registered on 2 November 2023. This is version 1 of the protocol for the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cena Loredana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, Observatory of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
| | - Trainini Alice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, Observatory of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Murray Lynne
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Cooper Peter
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Calza Stefano
- Unit of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Belluardo Mauro
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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8
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Bhadelia A, Barr KR, John JR, Jalaludin B, Dissanyake C, Williams K, Woolfenden S, Eapen V. Difficult Toddler Temperament - Prevalence and Associated Factors at 18-Month Follow-Up of a Birth Cohort. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:967-977. [PMID: 38741582 PMCID: PMC11090188 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s454949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Difficult temperament coupled with other risk factors may lead to mental health problems in childhood and have long-lasting effects in adolescence and adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of parental perception of difficult temperament in toddlers and identify significant factors associated with individual and family-level sociodemographic risk factors. Patients and Methods The prevalence of parental perception of difficult temperament was derived from items in the 18-month follow-up questionnaire within the Watch Me Grow (WMG) longitudinal birth cohort study in a multicultural and socioeconomically disadvantaged community in Sydney, Australia. Data was available for 500 children and their parents. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate the participant characteristics and the prevalence of parental perception of difficult temperament, whereas multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess significant risk factors associated with a difficult temperament. Results Parental perception of difficult temperament in the cohort was 7.3% (n = 492). Findings of the multivariable logistic regression showed that screen time >2 hours a day (AOR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.9), child not being read to (AOR 3.92, 95% CI: 1.8, 8.5), and family history of mental health problems (AOR 2.69, 95% CI: 1.1, 6.5) significantly increased the odds of having a difficult temperament. Conclusion Toddlers with difficult temperament were less likely to have received stimulatory experiences, and their families were more likely to be under greater stress. The findings emphasize the importance of parental support and anticipatory guidance in promoting nurturing care to facilitate child health and development, particularly in disadvantaged communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A’ishah Bhadelia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karlen R Barr
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - James Rufus John
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheryl Dissanyake
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina Williams
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan Woolfenden
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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Prithviraj MM, Alam MR, Devi N. The cartoon character syndrome: Navigating the impact on childhood development in the digital age. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:463-465. [PMID: 38919563 PMCID: PMC11195749 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_201_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Manoj Prithviraj
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd R. Alam
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Devi
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Varghese F, Karuppali S. Parental perspectives on the impact of screen time on the language skills of typically developing Indian children. Codas 2024; 36:e20230159. [PMID: 38695437 PMCID: PMC11065402 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20242023159en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The overuse of screen-based devices results in developmental problems in children. Parents are an integral part of the children's language development. The present study explores the parental perspectives on the impact of screen time on the language skills of typically developing school-going children using a developed questionnaire. METHODS 192 parents of typically developing children between 6 and 10 years of age participated in the study. Phase 1 of the study included the development of a questionnaire targeting the impact of screen devices on language development. The questionnaire was converted into an online survey and was circulated among the parents in Phase 2. Descriptive statistics were performed on the retrieved data and a chi-square test was done to determine the association between the use of screen devices across all language parameters. RESULTS Parents reported television and smartphones to be the most used type of device, with a large proportion of children using screen-based devices for 1-2 hours per day. Most parents reported children prefer watching screens mainly for entertainment purposes, occasionally under supervision, without depending on them as potential rewards. The impact of screen-based devices on language skills has been discussed under the semantics, syntax, and pragmatic aspects of language. CONCLUSION The findings of this study will help identify the existing trends in the usage of screen-based devices by children, thereby identifying potential contributing factors towards language delays. This information will also benefit in parental counselling during the interventional planning of children with language delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febha Varghese
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education - Manipal, India.
| | - Sudhin Karuppali
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education - Manipal, India.
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Namazi SA, Sadeghi S. The immediate impacts of TV programs on preschoolers' executive functions and attention: a systematic review. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:226. [PMID: 38659021 PMCID: PMC11044375 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has presented varying perspectives on the potential effect of screen media use among preschoolers. In this study, we systematically reviewed experimental studies that investigated how pacing and fantasy features of TV programs affect children's attention and executive functions (EFs). METHODS A systematic search was conducted across eight online databases to identify pertinent studies published until August 2023. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. RESULTS Fifteen papers involving 1855 participants aged 2-7 years fulfilled all the inclusion criteria for this review and were entered into the narrative synthesis. Despite the challenge of reaching general conclusions and encountering conflicting outcomes, a nuanced analysis reveals distinct patterns within various subgroups. The impact of pacing on attention is discernible, particularly in bottom-up attention processes, although the nature of this effect remains contradictory. Conversely, consistent findings emerge regarding top-down attention, suggesting any impact. Moreover, a subgroup analysis of different EF components yields valuable insights, highlighting the negative effect of fantasy on inhibitory control within the EF framework. CONCLUSION The complexity of these outcomes highlights the need for further research, considering factors such as content, child-specific characteristics, environmental factors, and methodological approaches. These findings collectively emphasize the necessity of conducting more comprehensive and detailed research, especially in terms of the underlying mechanisms and their impact on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arian Namazi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Sadeghi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Jetiyanuwat S, Kawilapat S, Narkpongphun A, Pojanapotha P. Association between Family Functioning, Child Emotional and Behavioral Problems, and Parental Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:270. [PMID: 38667066 PMCID: PMC11047722 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on people of all ages, especially children. This is a cross-sectional study in Thailand to explore the emotional and behavioral problems of school-aged children and associated factors during the lockdown. An online survey was conducted with 942 parents of school-age children. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores showed that total difficulties and all subscale difficulties (hyperactivity, conduct problems, peer problems, and emotional problems) were increased, whereas prosocial behaviors were decreased in the pandemic period. The factors significantly associated with higher parental stress were higher emotional and peer problems after the COVID-19 outbreak, high family difficulty, and sleep problems. Sleep problems were associated with all children's difficulties, except prosocial behavior. High score in family difficulty subscale was associated with increased emotional problems, whereas poor family communication was associated with increased hyperactivity. Appetite change was negatively associated with parental stress and some children's difficulties. Higher household income, family time, physical activities, and recreational activities were associated with a decreased level of some difficulties and family functioning problems, but positively with an increase in the prosocial behavior of children. Additionally, higher screen time was associated with a higher level of hyperactivity, conduct problems, and poor family communication. This study demonstrated that Thai children were at high risk of developing mental health problems during the pandemic lockdown. We suggest that intervention to promote physical activities and reduce screen time is needed. Moreover, efficient monetary policy is urgently required. The limitations here include a recall bias with no baseline to compare and a potential selection bias due to parental selection and a webpage announcement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suttipong Kawilapat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (A.N.)
| | - Assawin Narkpongphun
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (A.N.)
| | - Pichaya Pojanapotha
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.K.); (A.N.)
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13
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Han ES, Park Y, Yurgelun-Todd D, Renshaw PF, Han DH. Comparing the effectiveness of game literacy education and game coding education in improving problematic internet gaming. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1377231. [PMID: 38585481 PMCID: PMC10995230 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1377231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Problematic internet gaming by adolescents has been thought to be associated with low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and attention problems. We hypothesized that both game literacy and coding education would effectively improve problematic internet use. However, game coding education would be more effective in enhancing self-esteem and social anxiety in adolescents than game literacy education. Methods A total of 733 adolescent volunteers were included and randomly assigned to either the game coding education or game literacy education programs. Both programs consisted of eight sessions, each lasting 45 minutes, over four weeks. The coding education sessions included game planning and development lessons and allowed students to create the game's characters, stages, and tutorials directly using Scratch, a free coding program. Game literacy education sessions included lessons on enjoying gaming with a healthy rationale and etiquette. Data on demographics, gaming patterns, and psychological status, including positive/negative perceptions of online games, depression, social anxiety, and self-esteem, were collected. Results Both game coding and game literacy education significantly improved YIAS scores compared to baseline, and there was no significant difference in the YIAS scores between the two groups after the interventions. In the hierarchical logistic regression analysis of all participants, higher YIAS scores, stronger negative perceptions of gaming, and lower attention problem scores at baseline predicted lower levels of internet gaming addiction after interventions. In the hierarchical logistic regression analysis among individuals with game coding education, higher YIAS scores, stronger negative perceptions of gaming, lower attention problem scores, and higher self-esteem scores at baseline predicted lower levels of internet gaming addiction after intervention. In addition, game coding education greatly improved negative perceptions of games, self-esteem, and social anxiety compared to game literacy education. Conclusion Both game literacy and game coding education effectively mitigate internet game addiction. However, game coding education effectively mitigated problematic internet gaming by improving negative perceptions of games, self-esteem, and social anxiety in adolescents. We found that the application of knowledge by students in creating their own games was more effective than simply developing a conceptual understanding of the games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Seunga Han
- Department of Political Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - YeJi Park
- IT and Human Research and Clinic Center, Chung Ang University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Salt Lake City Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Perry F. Renshaw
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Salt Lake City Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Finnegan OL, White JW, Armstrong B, Adams EL, Burkart S, Beets MW, Nelakuditi S, Willis EA, von Klinggraeff L, Parker H, Bastyr M, Zhu X, Zhong Z, Weaver RG. The utility of behavioral biometrics in user authentication and demographic characteristic detection: a scoping review. Syst Rev 2024; 13:61. [PMID: 38331893 PMCID: PMC10851515 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective measures of screen time are necessary to better understand the complex relationship between screen time and health outcomes. However, current objective measures of screen time (e.g., passive sensing applications) are limited in identifying the user of the mobile device, a critical limitation in children's screen time research where devices are often shared across a family. Behavioral biometrics, a technology that uses embedded sensors on modern mobile devices to continuously authenticate users, could be used to address this limitation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the current state of behavioral biometric authentication and synthesize these findings within the scope of applying behavioral biometric technology to screen time measurement. METHODS We systematically searched five databases (Web of Science Core Collection, Inspec in Engineering Village, Applied Science & Technology Source, IEEE Xplore, PubMed), with the last search in September of 2022. Eligible studies were on the authentication of the user or the detection of demographic characteristics (age, gender) using built-in sensors on mobile devices (e.g., smartphone, tablet). Studies were required to use the following methods for authentication: motion behavior, touch, keystroke dynamics, and/or behavior profiling. We extracted study characteristics (sample size, age, gender), data collection methods, data stream, model evaluation metrics, and performance of models, and additionally performed a study quality assessment. Summary characteristics were tabulated and compiled in Excel. We synthesized the extracted information using a narrative approach. RESULTS Of the 14,179 articles screened, 122 were included in this scoping review. Of the 122 included studies, the most highly used biometric methods were touch gestures (n = 76) and movement (n = 63), with 30 studies using keystroke dynamics and 6 studies using behavior profiling. Of the studies that reported age (47), most were performed exclusively in adult populations (n = 34). The overall study quality was low, with an average score of 5.5/14. CONCLUSION The field of behavioral biometrics is limited by the low overall quality of studies. Behavioral biometric technology has the potential to be used in a public health context to address the limitations of current measures of screen time; however, more rigorous research must be performed in child populations first. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION The protocol has been pre-registered in the Open Science Framework database ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/92YCT ).
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Finnegan
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.
| | - J W White
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - B Armstrong
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - E L Adams
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - S Burkart
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - M W Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - S Nelakuditi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - E A Willis
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - L von Klinggraeff
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - H Parker
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - M Bastyr
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - X Zhu
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Z Zhong
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - R G Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
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15
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Mutlu N, Dinleyici M. Evaluation of Screen Time in Children Under Five Years Old. Cureus 2024; 16:e54444. [PMID: 38510895 PMCID: PMC10951682 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the rapid advancement of technology, there has been a noteworthy increase in the diversity and abundance of activities involving children. The most effective methods to enhance and facilitate children's media interactions are to minimize, reduce, use with caution, and establish healthy patterns. We aimed to evaluate media exposure of children below five years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study that was conducted between December 2017 and September 2019 in Eskişehir, Türkiye. To assess the frequency of electronic device usage among children under the age of five, including televisions, laptops, tablets, and mobile phones, as well as its impact on their sleep patterns and physical measurements, and to evaluate families' understanding of the terms "screen time" and "back screen time," we developed a questionnaire. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 731 questionnaires: 334 (45.7%) were girls, 397 (54.3%) were boys, and the mean age was 33.55±16.37 months. Upon examining the technical equipment accessible to the children in our study, we found that 98.6% possessed a television, 96.9% owned a mobile phone, 54% had a laptop, 49.5% had a tablet, and 34.1% possessed a gaming console. The study revealed the following proportions of electronic devices in children's rooms: 13% televisions, 11.9% tablets, 7.4% laptops, and 7% mobile phones. There has been a substantial increase in the amount of time they spend watching television and playing computer games among children who have at least one sibling. There was a statistically significant disparity between the television viewing periods and the body mass index of children older than two years old. Additionally, we have seen a significant disparity in the presence of media devices in children's bedrooms and the subsequent impact on their sleep duration and patterns throughout both nighttime and daytime. Around 65.8% of parents did not know of the concept of screen time, while 88.4% of parents did not know of the concept of back screen time. DISCUSSION Parental compliance with the current guidelines for screen time is insufficient, among parents with children under the age of five, even though exposure to screens begins in the first months of life. Our analysis highlighted the necessity for parents to establish and enforce a unified and logical media usage policy for all children residing in the household. It is crucial to allocate sufficient time during the routine healthcare visit to discuss these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Mutlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, TUR
| | - Meltem Dinleyici
- Department of Social Pediatrics, Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, TUR
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16
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Chandra V, Gaidhane A, Choudhari SG, Quazi Syed Z. Digital Dilemmas: A Comprehensive Review of the Psychosocial and Sleep Effects of Web Streaming on the Indian Youth. Cureus 2023; 15:e51096. [PMID: 38274917 PMCID: PMC10808887 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of web streaming platforms in India has ushered in a transformative era in entertainment consumption, particularly among the youth. This comprehensive review explores the psychosocial and sleep effects of web streaming on the younger generation. Examining the impact on social interactions, mental health, academic performance, cultural identity, and sleep patterns, the study delves into the intricate dynamics shaping the lives of Indian youth in the digital age. Key findings reveal the subtle yet significant changes in face-to-face interactions, the emergence of virtual relationships, and the potential influence on stress, anxiety, and depression due to addictive binge-watching behaviours. Moreover, the review highlights the challenges to academic performance through disruptions in study habits and increased screen time. Cultural and identity influences, both in terms of representation and misrepresentation, are explored, emphasizing the need to analyze the portrayal of Indian culture in web content critically. The sleep effects of web streaming, including sleep deprivation due to late-night binge-watching and the consequences of blue light exposure on melatonin production, add a crucial dimension to the discussion. Technological solutions such as screen time limitations, parental controls, and educational programs promoting media literacy and responsible digital consumption emerge as potential coping mechanisms. In conclusion, the study provides a nuanced understanding of the complexities surrounding web streaming and its impact on the youth in India. The implications for policy and practice underscore the importance of a balanced approach to digital consumption. At the same time, a call to action emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts in promoting responsible digital habits among the youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Chandra
- School of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Abhay Gaidhane
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sonali G Choudhari
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Zahiruddin Quazi Syed
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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17
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Felin Fochesatto C, Cristi-Montero C, Ribeiro Bandeira PF, Brand C, Dias AF, Bandeira DR, Mota J, Araujo Gaya AC, Reis Gaya A. A network analysis involving mental difficulties, cognition, physical fitness, 24-hour movement components, fatness, and sociodemographic factors in children. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:416-423. [PMID: 38028983 PMCID: PMC10651678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence supports the beneficial linear influence of diverse lifestyle behaviors on brain health since childhood; however, multiple behaviors -and not only one-simultaneously affect such outcomes. Therefore, the aim was to explore the multivariate relationship through a network analysis among mental difficulty and cognitive function with physical fitness (PF), 24-h movement components, fatness, and sociodemographic factors in children. Methods Cross-sectional study involved 226 children (52.2 % boys) aged between six and 11 years. Mental difficulties were evaluated through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and cognitive function by the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices Test. The body mass index and PF were assessed according to the procedures suggested by the Proesp-Br, while moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) using accelerometry. The socioeconomic level, sleep, and screen time were evaluated by questionnaires. A network analysis was carried out to evaluate the associations among variables and establish centrality measures. Results Age and PF moderated the negative relationship between cognitive function and MVPA. Furthermore, the direct and inverse relationship between cognitive function and mental difficulties appears to be affected by the 24-h movement components. Finally, age, PF, and screen time are the nodes with higher values of expected influence, indicating more sensitivity to interventions for decreasing mental difficulty and improving cognitive function. Conclusion Mental health and cognitive function were moderated by the multivariate interaction among age, PF, and the three 24-h movement components. Nonetheless, centrality measures from the network analysis suggest that PF, MVPA, and screen time are crucial nodes in order to implement future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Felin Fochesatto
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Caroline Brand
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Arieli F. Dias
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Denise R. Bandeira
- School of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mota
- Sports Faculty, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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18
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Alamri MM, Alrehaili MA, Albariqi W, Alshehri MS, Alotaibi KB, Algethami AM. Relationship Between Speech Delay and Smart Media in Children: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45396. [PMID: 37854747 PMCID: PMC10580299 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of smart media usage among children has raised concerns about its potential impact on various aspects of child development. One such area of worry is speech delay, as early language acquisition is critical for cognitive, social, and educational development. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate and synthesize available research data in order to determine the association between speech delay and the usage of smart media in children. To perform this systematic review, a thorough literature search was conducted using relevant keywords in electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase. We included studies published during the last 10 years investigating the impact of smart media on children's speech delay using various research designs. The findings showed that extended exposure to electronic media for children was negatively associated with expressive vocabulary and language skills in children, in addition to decreased language scores and speech delays. Educational apps and shared media engagement with parents correlated with stronger language skills. The introduction of smart devices at a later stage of development (24 months of age and older) was associated with positive language development, whereas early introduction was associated with speech delay. However, six-month abstinence from devices led to speech improvement in the affected children. These findings highlight the need to balance interactive screen time and other forms of interaction to enhance speech development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Alamri
- Pediatric, Maternity Children Hospital (MCH), Tabuk, SAU
| | | | - Wejdan Albariqi
- Pediatric Medicine, AL Yamamah Hospital, Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, SAU
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