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Bahar MA, Kusuma IY, Visnyovszki Á, Matuz M, Benkő R, Ferenci T, Szabó BG, Hajdú E, Pető Z, Csupor D. Favipiravir does not improve viral clearance in mild to moderate COVID-19 - A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29808. [PMID: 38694066 PMCID: PMC11058284 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Favipiravir has been used in the therapy of COVID-19, including patients with mild to moderate symptoms in certain countries. The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate its efficacy and safety in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infections. Methods The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were systematically reviewed for articles reporting the results of randomized controlled trials published until January 6, 2023, resulting in the identification of 20 eligible studies. Results There were no significant differences in viral clearance time (HR = 1.20, p = 0.09) compared to those without favipiravir therapy. However, in the subgroup analyses, favipiravir treatment significantly increased viral clearance by 59 % (HR = 1.59, p < 0.01) and 42 % (HR = 1.42, p < 0.01], I2 = 20 %) compared to the comparator group in patients with moderate severity of COVID-19 and in the inpatient care setting, respectively. Favipiravir had no beneficial effects in the case of patients with mild symptoms and treated in ambulatory care. Conclusions The use of favipiravir is questionable in the treatment of outpatients with COVID-19 with mild symptoms. Moderate beneficial effects in the case of patients with moderate symptoms and inpatients should be treated with care due to the limitations of the analysed trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muh Akbar Bahar
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Pharmacy Study Program, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Ádám Visnyovszki
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Infectiology Unit, Albert Szent Györgyi Medical Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Matuz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ria Benkő
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Central Pharmacy, Albert Szent Györgyi Medical Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Ferenci
- Physiological Controls Research Center, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Statistics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Gergely Szabó
- South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Budapest, Hungary
- School of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Departmental Group of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Hajdú
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Infectiology Unit, Albert Szent Györgyi Medical Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pető
- Emergency Care Department, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Center, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Hambalek H, Matuz M, Ruzsa R, Engi Z, Visnyovszki Á, Papfalvi E, Hajdú E, Doró P, Viola R, Soós G, Csupor D, Benko R. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ambulatory Care Antibiotic Use in Hungary: A Population-Based Observational Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:970. [PMID: 37370289 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions have potentially impacted the use of antibiotics. We aimed to analyze the use of systemic antibiotics (J01) in ambulatory care in Hungary during two pandemic years, to compare it with pre-COVID levels (January 2015-December 2019), and to describe trends based on monthly utilization. Our main findings were that during the studied COVID-19 pandemic period, compared to the pre-COVID level, an impressive 23.22% decrease in the use of systemic antibiotics was detected in ambulatory care. A significant reduction was shown in the use of several antibacterial subgroups, such as beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins (J01C, -26.3%), and quinolones (J01M, -36.5%). The trends of antibiotic use moved in parallel with the introduction or revoking of restriction measures with a nadir in May 2020, which corresponded to a 55.46% decrease in use compared to the previous (pre-COVID) year's monthly means. In general, the systemic antibiotic use (J01) was lower compared to the pre-COVID periods' monthly means in almost every studied pandemic month, except for three months from September to November in 2021. The seasonal variation of antibiotic use also diminished. Active agent level analysis revealed an excessive use of azithromycin, even after evidence of ineffectiveness for COVID-19 emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Hambalek
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Central Pharmacy Department, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Matuz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Central Pharmacy Department, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roxána Ruzsa
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Engi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Visnyovszki
- Department of Internal Medicine Infectiology Unit, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, Állomás Street 1-3, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Papfalvi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine Infectiology Unit, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, Állomás Street 1-3, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Hajdú
- Department of Internal Medicine Infectiology Unit, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, Állomás Street 1-3, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Doró
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka Viola
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Central Pharmacy Department, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyvér Soós
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ria Benko
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Central Pharmacy Department, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Emergency Department, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Street 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
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Kusuma IY, Matuz M, Bordás R, Juhasz Haverinen M, Bahar MA, Hajdu E, Visnyovszki Á, Ruzsa R, Doró P, Engi Z, Csupor D, Benko R. Antibiotic use in elderly patients in ambulatory care: A comparison between Hungary and Sweden. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1042418. [PMID: 36467037 PMCID: PMC9714540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1042418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The elderly use antibiotics frequently due to their increasing infection susceptibility. Given the high and increasing proportion of elderly in the population, their antibiotic use is substantial. Objective: This study aimed to compare antibiotic use in the elderly in the ambulatory care sector between Hungary and Sweden. Methods: This retrospective, descriptive, cross-national, comparative study included antibacterial use data from the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund and the Swedish eHealth Agency. Antibiotic use (anatomical therapeutical chemical: J01) was expressed as the number of prescriptions/1000 inhabitants/year or month and was further stratified by age and sex. Results: Antibiotic exposure was higher in the Hungarian elderly population (649.8 prescriptions/1000 inhabitants/year) compared to its Swedish counterparts (545.0 prescriptions/1000 inhabitants/year). Hungary had a similar scale of antibacterial exposure across all elderly age subgroups, with different trends in males and females, while Sweden had a stepwise increase in antibiotic exposure by age in both sexes. The seasonal fluctuation was high in Hungary and reached a peak of 80.7 prescriptions/1000 inhabitants/month in January 2017, while even antibiotic use was detected throughout the year in Sweden. The pattern of antibiotic use in the elderly considerably differed between the two countries. Penicillin and beta-lactamase combinations, such as co-amoxiclav, were more frequently used in Hungary than in Sweden (19.08% vs 1.83% of corresponding total ambulatory antibiotic use). Likewise, quinolones were more commonly used in Hungary than in Sweden (34.53% vs. 9.98). The elderly in Sweden were mostly prescribed narrow spectra penicillins (26.71% vs. 0.29% in Hungary). Conclusion: This cross-national comparison revealed important differences in all aspects of antibiotic use in the elderly between the two countries. The identical scale and pattern of antibiotic use cannot be anticipated due to the poorer health status of the Hungarian elderly population. However, the substantial differences indicate some room for improvement in the antibiotic prescription for the Hungarian elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Pharmacy Study Program, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Maria Matuz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Central Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka Bordás
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Muh. Akbar Bahar
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Edit Hajdu
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Department of Internal Medicine Infectiology Unit, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Visnyovszki
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Department of Internal Medicine Infectiology Unit, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roxána Ruzsa
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Doró
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsófi Engi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ria Benko
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Central Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Emergency Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Matuz M, Soós G, Hajdú E, Papfalvi E, Visnyovszki Á, Viola R, Benkő R. Az antibiotikum ambuláns alkalmazásának jellemzői és tendenciái Magyarországon (2010–2019). Orv Hetil 2022; 163:140-149. [DOI: 10.1556/650.2022.32324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Összefoglaló.
Bevezetés: Az antibiotikumok észszerű alkalmazása
kulcsfontosságú a hatékonyságuk megőrzésében és a néhol kritikus méreteket öltő
antibiotikumrezisztencia visszaszorításában. Célkitűzés: A
hazai ambuláns antibiotikumfelhasználás jellemzőinek, trendjeinek bemutatása.
Módszer: A 2010 és 2019 közötti időszakra vonatkozó,
dobozszámban kifejezett ambuláns szisztémás antibiotikumfelhasználási adatokat –
a WHO 2019. évi indexe alapján – „defined daily dose” (DDD – napi átlagdózis)
egységbe konvertáltuk. Standardizált technikai egységünk a DDD/1000 fő/nap volt
(DID). Az antibiotikumfelhasználás értékelésére nemzetközileg elfogadott
minőségi indikátorokat alkalmaztunk. Eredmények: Az
antibiotikumfelhasználás mértéke kismértékű ingadozást mutatott (min.: 12,9 DID,
max.: 14,7 DID), viszont a szezonális ingadozás a teljes megfigyelt időszakban
jelentős mértékű volt. A széles versus szűk spektrumú
béta-laktámok és makrolidek felhasználási hányadosa évről évre tovább emelkedett
(2010: 13,3 vs. 2019: 71,6), a fluorokinolonok alkalmazási
aránya továbbra is meghatározó (2010: 14,3%, 2019: 14,5%). A vizsgált 12
minőségi indikátor közül a tanulmány nyitó évében 4, a tanulmány záró évében 6
indikátor esetében a legkedvezőtlenebbül teljesítő európai országok közé
tartoztunk. Megbeszélés: A hazai antibiotikumalkalmazás mértéke
európai mérce szerint nem magas, de csökkentésére látszik lehetőség; mintázata
szuboptimális, és az évek során kedvezőtlen irányba változott.
Következtetés: A kapott antibiotikumfelhasználási adatok s
azok értelmezése alapján rendkívül sürgető morális kötelesség a szakmai és
hatósági intervenciókra épülő hazai antibiotikumstratégia és -akcióterv mielőbbi
kidolgozása, implementálása. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(4): 140–149.
Summary.
Introduction: Prudent antibiotic use is an important tool to
preserve their effectiveness as well as reverse and confine antibiotic
resistance. Objective: To evaluate the trends and
characteristics of Hungarian outpatient antibiotic use.
Methods: Crude, package level antibiotic sales data for the
period 2010–2019 were converted into DDD (defined daily dose) and were
standardized for 1000 inhabitants and per year (ATC-DDD index, version 2019).
Internationally validated drug-specific quality indicators were used to evaluate
antibiotic use. Results: The scale of antibiotic use was
stagnating with minimal fluctuation (min.: 12.9 DID, max.: 14.7 DID), and with
high intra-year seasonality index. The ratio of the consumption of broad to
narrow spectrum beta-lactams and macrolides increased gradually from year to
year (2010: 13.3 vs. 2019: 71.6) and the relative consumption
of fluoroquinolones is still remarkable (2010: 14.3%, 2019: 14.5%). Out of the
twelve surveyed drug-specific quality indicators in the first and last year of
analysis, we were ranked among the weakest European countries in the case of
four and six indicators, respectively. Discussion: The scale of
Hungarian outpatient antibiotic use is not high, in European comperison, but has
some reserve capacity for reduction. The pattern of Hungarian antibiotic use is
suboptimal and had further decreased quality through the years.
Conclusion: Based on the recorded data of antibiotic use
and their interpretation, the development of national antibiotic strategy
(including both professional and authority interventions) is a pressing moral
obligation. Orv Hetil. 2021; 163(4): 140–149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Matuz
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar, Klinikai Gyógyszerészeti Intézet Szeged
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, Központi Gyógyszertár Szeged, Szikra u. 8., 6725
| | - Gyöngyvér Soós
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar, Klinikai Gyógyszerészeti Intézet Szeged
| | - Edit Hajdú
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, I. Belgyógyászati Klinika, Infektológia Osztály Szeged
| | - Erika Papfalvi
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, I. Belgyógyászati Klinika, Infektológia Osztály Szeged
| | - Ádám Visnyovszki
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, I. Belgyógyászati Klinika, Infektológia Osztály Szeged
| | - Réka Viola
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar, Klinikai Gyógyszerészeti Intézet Szeged
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, Központi Gyógyszertár Szeged, Szikra u. 8., 6725
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Idegsebészeti Klinika Szeged
| | - Ria Benkő
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar, Klinikai Gyógyszerészeti Intézet Szeged
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, Központi Gyógyszertár Szeged, Szikra u. 8., 6725
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Szent-Györgyi Albert Klinikai Központ, Sürgősségi Betegellátó Önálló Osztály Szeged
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Déri S, Borbás J, Hartai T, Hategan L, Csányi B, Visnyovszki Á, Madácsy T, Maléth J, Hegedűs Z, Nagy I, Arora R, Labro AJ, Környei L, Varró A, Sepp R, Ördög B. Impaired cytoplasmic domain interactions cause co-assembly defect and loss of function in the p.Glu293Lys KNCJ2 variant isolated from an Andersen-Tawil syndrome patient. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1923-1934. [PMID: 32810216 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Subunit interactions at the cytoplasmic domain interface (CD-I) have recently been shown to control gating in inward rectifier potassium channels. Here we report the novel KCNJ2 variant p.Glu293Lys that has been found in a patient with Andersen-Tawil syndrome type 1 (ATS1), causing amino acid substitution at the CD-I of the inward rectifier potassium channel subunit Kir2.1. Neither has the role of Glu293 in gating control been investigated nor has a pathogenic variant been described at this position. This study aimed to assess the involvement of Glu293 in CD-I subunit interactions and to establish the pathogenic role of the p.Glu293Lys variant in ATS1. METHODS AND RESULTS The p.Glu293Lys variant produced no current in homomeric form and showed dominant-negative effect over wild-type (WT) subunits. Immunocytochemical labelling showed the p.Glu293Lys subunits to distribute in the subsarcolemmal space. Salt bridge prediction indicated the presence of an intersubunit salt bridge network at the CD-I of Kir2.1, with the involvement of Glu293. Subunit interactions were studied by the NanoLuc® Binary Technology (NanoBiT) split reporter assay. Reporter constructs carrying NanoBiT tags on the intracellular termini produced no bioluminescent signal above background with the p.Glu293Lys variant in homomeric configuration and significantly reduced signals in cells co-expressing WT and p.Glu293Lys subunits simultaneously. Extracellularly presented reporter tags, however, generated comparable bioluminescent signals with heteromeric WT and p.Glu293Lys subunits and with homomeric WT channels. CONCLUSIONS Loss of function and dominant-negative effect confirm the causative role of p.Glu293Lys in ATS1. Co-assembly of Kir2.1 subunits is impaired in homomeric channels consisting of p.Glu293Lys subunits and is partially rescued in heteromeric complexes of WT and p.Glu293Lys Kir2.1 variants. These data point to an important role of Glu293 in mediating subunit assembly, as well as in gating of Kir2.1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Déri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, PO Box 427, Szeged 6720, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Borbás
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Centre, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 8, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Teodóra Hartai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, PO Box 427, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Lidia Hategan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Centre, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 8, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beáta Csányi
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Centre, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 8, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Visnyovszki
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, PO Box 427, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Tamara Madácsy
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hegedűs
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Nagy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Seqomics Biotechnology Ltd, Vállalkozók útja 7, 6782 Mórahalom, Hungary
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alain J Labro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ghent, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - László Környei
- Gottsegen György National Institute of Cardiology, Haller u. 9, 1096 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, PO Box 427, Szeged 6720, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Dóm tér 12, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Sepp
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Centre, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 8, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ördög
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, PO Box 427, Szeged 6720, Hungary
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