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Kosulnikov S, Filonov D, Boag A, Ginzburg P. Volumetric metamaterials versus impedance surfaces in scattering applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9571. [PMID: 33953249 PMCID: PMC8100134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificially created media allow employing material parameters as additional valuable degrees of freedom in tailoring electromagnetic scattering. In particular, metamaterials with either negative permeability or permittivity allow creating deeply subwavelength resonant structures with relatively high scattering cross-sections. However, the equivalence principle allows replacing volumetric structures with properly designed curved impedance surfaces, ensuring the same electromagnetic properties. Here, we examine this statement from a practical standpoint, considering two structures, having a dipolar electric resonance at the same frequency. The first realization is based on arrays of inductively loaded electric dipoles printed on stacked circuit boards (a volumetric metamaterial), while the second structure utilizes a 4-wire spiral on a spherical surface (surface impedance realization). An intermediate conclusion is that the surface implementation tends to outperform the volumetric counterparts in the scenario when a single resonance is involved. However, in the case where multiple resonances are overlapping and lossy materials are involved, volumetric realization can have an advantage. The discussed structures are of significant importance to the field of electrically small antennas, superdirective antennas, and superscatterers, which find use in wireless communications and radar applications, to name just a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kosulnikov
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - D Filonov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, 141700, Russia
| | - A Boag
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - P Ginzburg
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, 141700, Russia
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2
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Woods GA, Simpson M, Boag A, Paris J, Piccinelli C, Breheny C. Complications associated with bone marrow sampling in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:209-215. [PMID: 33274762 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of complications during bone marrow sampling and associated patient and procedural factors in dogs and cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective cohort study, records were evaluated to identify dogs and cats that had bone marrow sampling between 2012 and 2019. Data including signalment, the presence of specific clinicopathological findings, anatomical site of bone marrow sampling, number of attempts, diagnostic quality of sampling, analgesia protocol and complications postprocedure were recorded. RESULTS A total of 131 dogs and 29 cats were included in the study. Complications were recorded in 22 of 160 (14%) of cases. Pain was the most common complication of bone marrow sampling in 20 of 22 (91%) of cases with bruising reported in the remaining patients. A local anaesthetic block was used in 98 of 160 (61%) of patients. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Excluding pain, complications associated with bone marrow sampling were rare and no clear association were detected between patient or procedural variables. Haemorrhage and infection are rare complications in dogs and cats when thrombocytopenia and neutropenia are present. Peri-procedure analgesia is strongly recommended to minimise complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Woods
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - M Simpson
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - A Boag
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.,The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4T, UK
| | - J Paris
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - C Piccinelli
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.,Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - C Breheny
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
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Blau Y, Bar-On O, Hanein Y, Boag A, Scheuer J. Meta-hologram-based authentication scheme employing a speckle pattern fingerprint. Opt Express 2020; 28:8924-8936. [PMID: 32225508 DOI: 10.1364/oe.388233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A concept for an optical holographic security tag is proposed and demonstrated. When illuminated with a laser beam, the image scattered from the tag projects a Quick Response code which encodes identifying information. The image also carries pseudorandom speckle noise, from which a unique speckle pattern "fingerprint" is derived. We show numerically that the tag is unclonable without access to a secret key - the starting conditions of the design algorithm. However, given the key, it is straightforward to reproduce a tag exhibiting the expected fingerprint. Several tags have been realized, implemented as plasmonic meta-holograms, and characterized experimentally. The robustness of the tag to fabrication error and its resilience to counterfeiting are studied in detail and demonstrated experimentally.
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Peshko I, Mogilevtsev D, Karuseichyk I, Mikhalychev A, Nizovtsev AP, Slepyan GY, Boag A. Quantum noise radar: superresolution with quantum antennas by accessing spatiotemporal correlations. Opt Express 2019; 27:29217-29231. [PMID: 31684659 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.029217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We suggest overcoming the "Rayleigh catastrophe" and reaching superresolution for imaging with both spatially and temporally correlated field of a superradiant quantum antenna. Considering far-field radiation of two interacting spontaneously emitting two-level systems, we show that for the measurement of the temporally delayed second-order correlation function of the scattered field, the Fisher information does not tend to zero with diminishing the distance between a pair of scatterers even for non-sharp time-averaged detection. For position estimation of more scatterers, the measurement of the time-delayed function is able to provide a considerable accuracy gain over the zero-delayed function. We also show that the superresolution with the considered quantum antenna can be achieved for both near-field imaging and for estimating the antenna parameters.
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Conroy M, O'Neill D, Boag A, Church D, Brodbelt D. Epidemiology of road traffic accidents in cats attending emergency-care practices in the UK. J Small Anim Pract 2018; 60:146-152. [PMID: 30383291 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence proportion of road traffic accidents in cats attending emergency out-of-hours clinics in the UK, identify major risk factors for road traffic accident occurrence and for survival to discharge. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of a cohort of 33,053 cats in the VetCompass database attending emergency-care practice between January 1, 2012 and February 15, 2014. Incidence proportion was calculated and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for road traffic accident and survival to discharge following road traffic accident. RESULTS Incidence proportion was estimated at 4∙2% (95% confidence interval: 4∙0 to 4∙4%). Cats aged 6 months to 2 years were at increased odds of road traffic accident, as were male cats and crossbred cats. Odds of road traffic accident were highest in the autumn. Spinal injury, abdominal injury and increasing count of injuries were associated with increased odds of death. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Road traffic accident is a frequent presentation in emergency-care practice. Identification of risk factors for death within the first 24 hours following a road traffic accident can aid veterinarian and owner decision-making for treatment of cats involved in a road traffic accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Conroy
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D O'Neill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
| | - A Boag
- Vets Now, Penguin House, Dunfermline, Fife, KY11 8SG, UK
| | - D Church
- Department of Clinical Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D Brodbelt
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK
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Adamantos S, Waters S, Boag A. Coagulation status in dogs with naturally occurring Angiostrongylus vasorum infection. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 56:485-90. [PMID: 26032443 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angiostrongylus vasorum infection is associated with bleeding tendencies in approximately one-third of clinical cases. The cause of the coagulopathy is poorly understood but may be related to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromboelastography is a global evaluation of coagulation and has not been described in a cohort of dogs with this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thromboelastography in association with other measures of coagulation including prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times, antithrombin percentage activity and D-dimer and von Willebrand factor concentrations was evaluated in a group of 30 dogs with A. varosum infection. RESULTS A total of 18 dogs had signs of bleeding on physical examination. Thromboelastography was consistent with hypocoagulation in 17 of these dogs. There was no association between any of the other measures and hypocoagulation on thromboelastography. Abnormal coagulation times were not significantly associated with bleeding. Only fibrinogen concentration was significantly lower in dogs that were bleeding compared with those that were not (P = 0 · 026). D-dimer concentrations were increased in 22/25 cases in the study; however, other coagulation parameters were more variable. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although the changes identified in this study were not consistent, there is activation of coagulation within this population, possibly consistent with an intravascular disseminated coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Adamantos
- Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Langford House, BS40 5DU
| | - S Waters
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA
| | - A Boag
- Vets Now, Penguin House, Castle Riggs, Dunfermline, Fife, KY11 8SG
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van Oosten E, Boag A, Cunningham K, Veinot J, Hamilton A, Petsikas D, Payne D, Redfearn D, Zhang S, Baranchuk A. HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN RIGHT HUMAN ATRIAL TISSUE CAUSED BY OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA: A PILOT STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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8
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Cohen G, Halpern E, Nanayakkara SU, Luther JM, Held C, Bennewitz R, Boag A, Rosenwaks Y. Reconstruction of surface potential from Kelvin probe force microscopy images. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:295702. [PMID: 23807266 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/29/295702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present an algorithm for reconstructing a sample surface potential from its Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) image. The measured KPFM image is a weighted average of the surface potential underneath the tip apex due to the long-range electrostatic forces. We model the KPFM measurement by a linear shift-invariant system where the impulse response is the point spread function (PSF). By calculating the PSF of the KPFM probe (tip+cantilever) and using the measured noise statistics, we deconvolve the measured KPFM image to obtain the surface potential of the sample.The reconstruction algorithm is applied to measurements of CdS-PbS nanorods measured in amplitude modulation KPFM (AM-KPFM) and to graphene layers measured in frequency modulation KPFM (FM-KPFM). We show that in the AM-KPFM measurements the averaging effect is substantial, whereas in the FM-KPFM measurements the averaging effect is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cohen
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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9
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Koren E, Elias G, Boag A, Hemesath ER, Lauhon LJ, Rosenwaks Y. Direct measurement of individual deep traps in single silicon nanowires. Nano Lett 2011; 11:2499-2502. [PMID: 21591656 DOI: 10.1021/nl201019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The potential of the metal nanocatalyst to contaminate vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) grown semiconductor nanowires has been a long-standing concern, since the most common catalyst material, Au, is known to induce deep gap states in several semiconductors. Here we use Kelvin probe force microscopy to image individual deep acceptor type trapping centers in single undoped Si nanowires grown with an Au catalyst. The switching between occupied and empty trap states is reversibly controlled by the back-gate potential in a nanowire transistor. The trap energy level, i.e., E(C) - E(T) = 0.65 ± 0.1 eV was extracted and the concentration was estimated to be ∼2 × 10(16) cm(-3). The energy and concentration are consistent with traps resulting from the unintentional incorporation of Au atoms during the VLS growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koren
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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10
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Aksoy E, Boag A, Brodbelt D, Grierson J. Evaluation of surface contamination with staphylococci in a veterinary hospital using a quantitative microbiological method. J Small Anim Pract 2010; 51:574-80. [PMID: 20973785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2010.00994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate microbial contamination of the environment in a veterinary hospital using standards recommended for human hospitals and to provide a baseline against which further investigations can be compared. METHODS Surfaces were sampled twice daily for five consecutive days using a contact-based counting method to measure the levels of staphylococci in colony forming units (cfu) per cm². RESULTS Current recommendations for human hospitals were applied in this study; all samples with <2.5 cfu/cm² staphylococci were considered to have passed and those with ≥2.5 cfu/cm² to have failed. Of all the samples, 55.9% failed. The ICU did not have significantly higher failure rates than other areas of the hospital. The floor as a surface was associated with greater than a threefold increase in odds of elevated cfu concentrations relative to the door handle. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides information on the microbiological cleanliness of a veterinary teaching hospital using techniques and standards adopted by the food industry and recommended for human hospitals. This data can be used as a baseline for other hospitals, to evaluate the effectiveness in improvements in hygiene and cleaning measures and to design effective hospital cleaning protocols and assess ongoing hygiene standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aksoy
- Royal Veterinary College, The Queen Mother Hospital, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
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11
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Jones ID, Case AM, Stevens KB, Boag A, Rycroft AN. Factors contributing to the contamination of peripheral intravenous catheters in dogs and cats. Vet Rec 2009; 164:616-8. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.20.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. D. Jones
- Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
| | - A. M. Case
- Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
| | - K. B. Stevens
- Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
| | - A. Boag
- Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
| | - A. N. Rycroft
- Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms Hatfield Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
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12
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Jones ID, Case AM, Stevens KB, Boag A, Rycroft AN. In vitro comparison of bacterial contamination of peripheral intravenous catheter connectors. Vet Rec 2009; 164:556-7. [PMID: 19411685 DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.18.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I D Jones
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Adamantos
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
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Moradi M, Mousavi P, Siemens DR, Sauerbrei EE, Isotalo P, Boag A, Abolmaesumi P. Discrete Fourier analysis of ultrasound RF time series for detection of prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2007:1339-42. [PMID: 18002211 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4352545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate that a set of six features extracted from the discrete Fourier transform of ultrasound Radio-Frequency (RF) time series can be used to detect prostate cancer with high sensitivity and specificity. Ultrasound RF time series refer to a series of echoes received from one spatial location of tissue while the imaging probe and the tissue are fixed in position. Our previous investigations have shown that at least one feature, fractal dimension, of these signals demonstrates strong correlation with the tissue microstructure. In the current paper, six new features that represent the frequency spectrum of the RF time series have been used, in conjunction with a neural network classification approach, to detect prostate cancer in regions of tissue as small as 0.03 cm2. Based on pathology results used as gold standard, we have acquired mean accuracy of 91%, mean sensitivity of 92% and mean specificity of 90% on seven human prostates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moradi
- School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- H Thomas
- Blue Cross Animal Hospital, 1-5 Hugh St, London SW1V 1QQ, UK
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Abstract
The records of 13 dogs with tetanus were reviewed, 12 of the dogs survived and were discharged, but the other died as a result of the acute onset of hyperthermia. Long-term follow up was available for 10 of the survivors of which nine were reported to be normal. One case was euthanased after a cervical spine fracture four months after it was discharged. Complications encountered during management included aspiration pneumonia in three cases, urinary tract infection in two cases, and upper respiratory tract obstruction, hiatal hernia, coxofemoral luxation, seizures and respiratory arrest in one case each. None of the dogs required ventilatory support, and the complications were managed successfully. The dogs were nursed intensively and monitored carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Adamantos
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA
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Wessmann A, Lu D, Lamb CR, Smyth B, Mantis P, Chandler K, Boag A, Cherubini GB, Cappello R. Brain and spinal cord haemorrhages associated with Angiostrongylus vasorum
infection in four dogs. Vet Rec 2006; 158:858-63. [PMID: 16798954 DOI: 10.1136/vr.158.25.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Multifocal haemorrhages associated with Angiostrongylus vasorum infection were observed in the central nervous system of four dogs with neurological signs including depression, seizures, spinal pain and paresis. In magnetic resonance images the majority of the lesions were isointense or slightly hyperintense in T1-weighted images, hyperintense in T2-weighted images and hypointense in T2*-weighted (gradient echo) images, compatible with haemorrhages more than seven days old. Lesions were found in the brain of three of the dogs and in the spinal cord of two. The cerebrospinal fluid contained high concentrations of protein and evidence of erythrophagia. All the dogs had coagulopathy and pulmonary haemorrhage of varying severity. A vasorum larvae were detected in the faeces of each of the dogs. Neural A vasorum was confirmed at postmortem examination in two dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wessmann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
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Boag A, Loeffler A, Lloyd DH. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from companion animals. Vet Rec 2004; 154:411. [PMID: 15083981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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Hookey LC, Depew W, Boag A, Vanner S. 6-mercaptopurine and inflammatory bowel disease: hidden ground for the cytomegalovirus. Can J Gastroenterol 2003; 17:319-22. [PMID: 12772006 DOI: 10.1155/2003/824547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and azathioprine are important drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but their actions suppress host defense against infection. A challenging case of a 19-year-old female patient with quiescent Crohn's disease maintained with 6-MP presenting with dyspnea and a normal chest exam and x-ray is presented. She became ventilator-dependent and only after numerous investigations was diagnosed with cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis. A systematic literature review of CMV infections in IBD patients was performed. The present case is the first report of a patient with quiescent IBD maintained on 6-MP who developed CMV pneumonitis. Other reports have identified patients with active disease on multiple immunosuppressants who developed CMV pneumonitis and also highlight the risk of CMV colitis in refractory IBD. The authors review the approach to the diagnosis of CMV infections in IBD patients with atypical pneumonia and colitis and highlight the importance of considering CMV infection in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Hookey
- Gastroenterology Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 5G2, Canada
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Abstract
A novel device, formed by a widely spaced periodic array of defects in a photonic bandgap crystal, is studied with the goal of designing a waveguide with a prescribed narrow bandwidth. Tunneling of radiation between the defect sites allows wave propagation along the line of the defects. An analytical study based on the weakly coupled cavity model is performed, and the dispersion relation omega(beta) of the new waveguide is derived. The frequency shift and the band structure of the periodic defect waveguide are linked by an analytic relationship to the distance between the defect sites and therefore can be tuned by varying the latter. Sections of such waveguides can be employed as ultra-narrow-band filters in optical routing devices. Numerical simulations demonstrate the performances of this new device and support the analytical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boag
- Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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22
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Boag A, Bresler Y, Michielssen E. A multilevel domain decomposition algorithm for fast O(N2logN) reprojection of tomographic images. IEEE Trans Image Process 2000; 9:1573-1582. [PMID: 18262994 DOI: 10.1109/83.862638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel algorithm for fast computation of tomographic image projections is presented. The method comprises a decomposition of an image into subimages followed by an aggregation of projections computed for the subimages. The multilevel domain decomposition algorithm is formulated as a recursive procedure. The computational cost of the proposed algorithm is comparable to that of FFT-based techniques while it appears to be more flexible than the latter. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boag
- Department of Electrical Engineering-Physical Electronics, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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23
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Tuck AB, Park M, Sterns EE, Boag A, Elliott BE. Coexpression of hepatocyte growth factor and receptor (Met) in human breast carcinoma. Am J Pathol 1996; 148:225-32. [PMID: 8546209 PMCID: PMC1861613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and HGF receptor (HGFR, product of the met proto-oncogene) mRNA were examined by nonisotopic in situ hybridization in a spectrum of benign and malignant human breast tissues. mRNA for both HGFR and HGF was detected in benign ductal epithelium. Epithelial expression of HGF mRNA was particularly intense in regions of ductal epithelial hyperplasia. Positive expression of HGF (but not HGFR) mRNA was also found in adipocytes, endothelial cells, and to varying degrees in stromal fibroblasts. In 12 of 12 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ and infiltrating ductal carcinoma, carcinoma cells showed a heterogeneous pattern of expression for both HGFR and HGF mRNA. In infiltrating ductal carcinomas, intense expression of HGFR mRNA was not restricted to ductular structures but as also seen in non-duct-forming carcinoma cells. The same zones of the tumors (most commonly at the advancing margins) that expressed strongly HGFR mRNA often were also strongly positive for HGF mRNA, suggesting a possible autocrine effect. The expression pattern of HGFR protein in 25 cases including the same series of tissues used for in situ hybridization analysis was similar to that of HGFR mRNA, as determined by an immunoperoxidase technique. The finding that HGFR is expressed by both benign and malignant epithelium, and its not restricted to duct-forming structures, suggests that, although the potential for HGF/HGFR binding is maintained in malignancy, the response to ligand binding at the level of the receptor or the cellular response to receptor activation may change at some point during progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Tuck
- Department of Pathology, Kingston General Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
A method is proposed for determining the excitation coefficients of an antenna array operating in a large rectangular waveguide and used as a hyperthermia system. The excitation coefficients of the array elements are optimized for attaining an improved specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution around a deep-seated tumor. The method is applied to a two-dimensional problem of a piecewise homogeneous post in a waveguide representing a section of the human torso. The array is operating below the cutoff frequency of the dominant mode of the waveguide. Numerical simulations have been performed to check the effectiveness of this approach. The results show that by using the proposed optimization method, SAR distributions can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boag
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
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Abstract
A method is proposed for determining the excitation amplitudes and phases of the elements of electromagnetic multiapplicator systems for optimizing the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution around a deep-seated tumor. In this method, the ratio of the power dissipated in the tumor to a weighted summation of the powers supplied to the surrounding regions is optimized. The optimization procedure is combined with a recently proposed effective technique for analysis of various electromagnetic scattering and interaction problems. The general principle is applied to a two-dimensional problem of a piecewise homogeneous cylinder heated by an array of electric current filaments placed outside the cylinder. Numerical simulations are performed to check the effectiveness of the approach. The results demonstrate that using this optimization method, improved SAR distributions can be achieved. The extension to three-dimensional configurations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boag
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
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Boag A, Leviatan Y. Analysis of acoustic scattering from fluid bodies using a multipoint source model. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 1989; 36:119-128. [PMID: 18284958 DOI: 10.1109/58.16979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A moment-method solution is presented for the problem of acoustic scattering from homogeneous fluid bodies. It uses fictitious isotropic point sources to simulate both the field scattered by the body and the field inside the body and, in turn, point-matches the continuity conditions for the normal component of the velocity and for the pressure across the surface of the body. The procedure is simple to execute and is general in that bodies of arbitrary smooth shape can be handled effectively. Perfectly rigid bodies are treated as reduced cases of the general procedure. Results are given and compared with available analytic solutions, which demonstrate the very good performance of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boag
- Dept. of Electr. Eng., Technion-Israel Inst. of Technol., Haifa
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