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Blake C, Widmeyer K, DAquila K, Mochizuki A, Smolarek TA, Pillay-Smiley N, Kim SY. 14q22.3 duplication including OTX2 in a girl with medulloblastoma: A case report with literature review. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63604. [PMID: 38511879 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) is a known oncogenic driver of medulloblastoma. Germline duplication of 14q22.3 including OTX2 is a rare condition reported in patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency, oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, and hemifacial microsomia. There has been one previously published case of a patient carrying a 14q22.3 duplication that included OTX2 with hemifacial microsomia who also developed medulloblastoma. Here, we present a case of a 6-year-old girl with a history of delayed development who was diagnosed with medulloblastoma. Genetic evaluations revealed that she inherited a germline duplication of 14q22.3, which included OTX2. This genetic alteration was passed down from her mother, who also had a history of delayed development. Results from other genetic testing, including exome sequencing, fragile X syndrome, and mtDNA testing, were negative/normal. This is the second report of a 14q22.3 duplication that included OTX2 in a patient with medulloblastoma. Further studies are necessary to establish a clear association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Blake
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kimmie Widmeyer
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristen DAquila
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron Mochizuki
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, The Cure Starts Now Foundation Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Teresa A Smolarek
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Natasha Pillay-Smiley
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, The Cure Starts Now Foundation Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Grosnik A, Graham RT, Pillay-Smiley N, de Blank P, Hummel T, Mochizuki A, Raskin S, Windmill I. QOL-23. Expanded protocols for hearing loss related cisplatin-based therapy in childhood cancer patients. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac079.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Most children who require cisplatin chemotherapy incur hearing loss. The basal end of the cochlea, corresponding to high frequency sound perception, is typically affected first, with progression along the basilar membrane and to lower frequencies over time. Typical audiologic protocols for children are often restricted to the speech frequencies (500-4000Hz). However, reliable responses to higher frequencies can be obtained using specialized electrophysiologic measures or adapted behavioral test procedures, which may lead to earlier identification of hearing loss during ototoxicity monitoring. METHODS: Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and behavioral threshold assessments were completed for patients during cisplatin treatment at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital between 2017 and 2021. High frequency ABR protocols were established to include 6000 and 8000 Hz and behavioral testing protocols were expanded to include frequencies 8000 through 16000 Hz. Hearing loss was defined as >20 dB eHL at any frequency. The typical and high frequency protocols were compared to determine if higher frequency measurement provides a more sensitive means to detect the onset of hearing loss. RESULTS: One-hundred and fifty-three patients receiving cisplatin were assessed audiometrically. For patients who required ABR evaluations, 38% were identified with hearing loss when using the typical test protocol, where 79% of the patients were identified with hearing loss when using the high frequency protocol. For patients who were able to complete behavioral audiometric evaluations, 42% were identified with hearing loss with the typical protocol while 84% were identified with the high frequency protocol. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of higher frequencies to audiologic evaluation protocols for both ABR and behavioral audiometry significantly increases sensitivity to detect hearing loss during ototoxicity monitoring of cisplatin treatment and is a feasible strategy in pediatric cancer patients. Audiologically, the increased sensitivity to detect hearing loss may lead to earlier intervention regarding hearing and communication for the patient/family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Grosnik
- Department of Audiology, Cinncinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Richard T Graham
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Insitute, Cincinnati Chilren's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Natasha Pillay-Smiley
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Insitute, Cincinnati Chilren's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Peter de Blank
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Insitute, Cincinnati Chilren's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Trent Hummel
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Insitute, Cincinnati Chilren's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Aaron Mochizuki
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Insitute, Cincinnati Chilren's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Scott Raskin
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Insitute, Cincinnati Chilren's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH , USA
| | - Ian Windmill
- Department of Audiology, Cinncinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH , USA
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Lee A, Sun L, Mochizuki A, Reynoso J, Orpilla J, Chow F, Kienzler J, Everson R, Nathanson D, Liau L, Cloughesy T, Hugo W, Prins R. IMMU-41. NEOADJUVANT PD-1 BLOCKADE INDUCES T CELL AND CDC1 ACTIVATION BUT FAILS TO OVERCOME THE IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TUMOR ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES IN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In a small phase I clinical trial, neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 (neo-aPD1) improved survival in glioblastoma patients (GBM) and was associated with increased interferon-γ-related gene expression and an associated decrease in cell cycle-related gene expression in the tumor. Despite this, neo-aPD1 was not curative. To better understand how neo-aPD1 alters the GBM tumor microenvironment and to discover new therapeutic axes, we used CyTOF and single-cell RNAsequencing to analyze the tumor-infiltrating immune populations of 70 GBM patients, 20 of whom had received neo-aPD1. In patients treated with neo-aPD1 the proportion and number of tumor-infiltrating T cells increased and these T cells had increased expression of the cytokines CCL5 and XCL1, which promote dendritic cell migration. Among the infiltrating T cells was a population of progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells expressing the genes TCF, SLAM6, CCR7, IL7R, and GZMB. Single-cell TCR analysis revealed that these CD8+ T cells arose from a population of early activated, cytotoxic T cells that had expanded in the peripheral blood and trafficked into the tumor. Within the tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, we found that neo-aPD1 upregulated genes in the interferon-γ response pathways; namely genes related to T cell trafficking and immune suppression, such as CD274 (PD-L1), TREM2, GPNMB, and IL10, indicating a maladaptive response by some myeloid cells to the immune response triggered by neo-aPD1. Finally, we identified a new migratory and interferon-γ activated tumor-infiltrating conventional dendritic cell population that was increased with neo-aPD1 and that notably expressed XCR1, the receptor for XCL1. Additionally, our results provide future basis to study if modalities that enhance the T cell:DC axis or that inhibit the inhibitory myeloid populations may improve survival in patients with GBM when used in conjunction with neo-aPD1. In sum, we characterized the immune landscape in GBM and how it changes with neo-aPD1 at single cell resolution.
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Majzner RG, Ramakrishna S, Mochizuki A, Patel S, Chinnasamy H, Yeom K, Schultz L, Richards R, Campen C, Reschke A, Mahdi J, Toland AMS, Baggott C, Mavroukakis S, Egeler E, Moon J, Landrum K, Erickson C, Rasmussen L, Barsan V, Tamaresis JS, Marcy AC, Kunicki M, Fujimoto M, Ehlinger Z, Kurra S, Cornell T, Partap S, Fisher P, Grant G, Vogel H, Sahaf B, Davis K, Feldman S, Mackall CL, Monje M. Abstract CT031: GD2 CAR T cells mediate clinical activity and manageable toxicity in children and young adults with DIPG and H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-ct031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and other H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are universally lethal central nervous system tumors. We previously discovered that the disialoganglioside GD2 is highly and homogenously expressed on H3K27M+ gliomas and demonstrated that GD2 CAR T cells are effective in preclinical models (Mount/Majzner et al., Nat Med, 2018).
Methods: Four subjects (3 DIPG, 1 spinal cord DMG; 4-25 yr; 1M/3F) were enrolled at DL1. Three subjects with H3K27M+ DIPG received 1e6 autologous GD2 CAR T cells/kg intravenously (IV) on study. One patient, a 25 y/o with spinal cord DMG, developed rapidly progressive disease after enrollment, resulting in complete paraparesis that led to removal from the study prior to cell infusion; she was treated on a single patient eIND with the same treatment regimen as DL1. We utilized a retroviral vector expressing a 14g2a.4-1BB.z CAR construct and an inducible iCasp9 safety switch. Manufacturing was performed in the Miltenyi Prodigy on CD4/CD8 enriched apheresis product. CAR T cells were cultured in the presence of dasatinib to improve T cell fitness (Weber et al., Science, 2021). An Ommaya reservoir was placed in all patients for monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP).
Results: We generated GD2 CAR T cell products meeting release criteria for all four patients. All subjects received lymphodepletion with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine and remained inpatient for 14+ days after infusion. All patients developed cytokine release syndrome (Grade 1-3) manifested by fever, tachycardia and hypotension, beginning 6-7 days after infusion. Due to concern for tumoral edema and increased ICP, patients were managed with conservative fluid resuscitation, and early intervention with tocilizumab and anakinra +/- corticosteroids. Other toxicities included ICANS (Grade 1-2) and neurotoxicity mediated by inflammation in sites of disease which we have termed Tumor Inflammation-Associated Neurotoxicity (TIAN). TIAN most often manifested as worsening of existing deficits, but one patient developed symptoms of increased ICP which quickly resolved upon removal of CSF via the Ommaya. No evidence of on-target, off-tumor toxicity was observed in any patients. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred.CAR T cells trafficked to the CNS and were detected in both the CSF and peripheral blood. Inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 were elevated in the CSF and blood. 3/4 patients exhibited marked improvement or resolution of neurological deficits and some radiographic improvement. The patient treated on a single patient eIND exhibited a >90% reduction in her spinal cord DMG tumor volume at two months post-infusion. Durability of the therapeutic benefit remains to be determined.
Conclusions: This is the first report of GD2 CAR T cell therapy for DIPG and spinal cord DMG. Toxicities are similar to other CAR T cells with additional, manageable complications due to inflammation at CNS sites of tumor. Treatment at DL1 demonstrated a tolerable safety profile and clear signs of T cell expansion and activity including clinical responses. This approach has the potential to transform therapy for patients with H3K27M+ DIPG/DMG. Further correlative studies, including single-cell RNAseq, longer-term outcomes and results from patients on subsequent dose levels will also be presented.
Citation Format: Robbie G. Majzner, Sneha Ramakrishna, Aaron Mochizuki, Shabnum Patel, Harshini Chinnasamy, Kristen Yeom, Liora Schultz, Rebecca Richards, Cynthia Campen, Agnes Reschke, Jasia Mahdi, Angus Martin Shaw Toland, Christina Baggott, Sharon Mavroukakis, Emily Egeler, Jennifer Moon, Kayla Landrum, Courtney Erickson, Lindsey Rasmussen, Valentin Barsan, John S. Tamaresis, Anne Cunniffe Marcy, Michael Kunicki, Michelle Fujimoto, Zach Ehlinger, Sreevidya Kurra, Timothy Cornell, Sonia Partap, Paul Fisher, Gerald Grant, Hannes Vogel, Bita Sahaf, Kara Davis, Steven Feldman, Crystal L. Mackall, Michelle Monje. GD2 CAR T cells mediate clinical activity and manageable toxicity in children and young adults with DIPG and H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr CT031.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shabnum Patel
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Kristen Yeom
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Liora Schultz
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | | | - Agnes Reschke
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jasia Mahdi
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | | | | | - Emily Egeler
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jennifer Moon
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Kayla Landrum
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zach Ehlinger
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | | | - Sonia Partap
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Paul Fisher
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Gerald Grant
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Bita Sahaf
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Kara Davis
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
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Mochizuki A, Ramakrishna S, Good Z, Patel S, Chinnasamy H, Yeom K, Schultz L, Richards R, Campen C, Reschke A, Mahdi J, Toland A, Baggot C, Mavroukakis S, Egeler E, Moon J, Landrum K, Erickson C, Rasmussen L, Barsan V, Tamaresis J, Marcy A, Kunicki M, Celones M, Ehlinger Z, Kurra S, Cornell T, Partap S, Fisher P, Grant G, Vogel H, Davis K, Feldman S, Sahaf B, Majzner R, Mackall C, Monje M. OMIC-11. SINGLE CELL RNA SEQUENCING FROM THE CSF OF SUBJECTS WITH H3K27M+ DIPG/DMG TREATED WITH GD2 CAR T-CELLULAR THERAPY. Neuro Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8168255 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab090.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We are conducting a Phase I clinical trial utilizing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells targeting GD2 (NCT04196413) for H3K27M-mutant diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and spinal cord diffuse midline glioma (DMG). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is collected for correlative studies at the time of routine intracranial pressure monitoring via Ommaya catheter. Here we present single cell RNA-sequencing results from the first 3 subjects. Methods Single cell RNA-sequencing was performed utilizing 10X Genomics on cells isolated from CSF at various time points before and after CAR T-cell administration and on the CAR T-cell product. Output was aligned with Cell Ranger and analyzed in R. Results As detailed in the Majzner et al. abstract presented at this meeting, three of four subjects treated at dose-level one exhibited clear radiographic and/or clinical benefit. We have to date completed single cell RNA-sequencing for three of these four subjects (two with benefit, one without). After filtering out low-quality signals and doublets, 89,604 cells across 3 subjects were analyzed. Of these, 4,122 cells represent cells isolated from CSF and 85,482 cells represent CAR T-cell product. Two subjects who demonstrated clear clinical and radiographic improvement exhibited fewer S100A8+S100A9+ myeloid suppressor-cells and CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells in the CSF pre-infusion compared to the subject who did not derive a therapeutic response. In one subject with DIPG who demonstrated improvement, polyclonal CAR T-cells detectable in CSF at Day +14 demonstrated enrichment of CD8A, GZMA, GNLY and PDCD1 compared to the pre-infusion CAR T-cells by trajectory analysis, suggesting differentiation toward a cytotoxic phenotype; the same subject exhibited increasing numbers of S100A8+S100A9+ myeloid cells and CX3CR1+P2RY12+ microglia over time. Further analyses will be presented as data become available. Conclusions The presence of immunosuppressive myeloid populations, detectable in CSF, may correlate to clinical response in CAR T cell therapy for DIPG/DMG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zina Good
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Majzner R, Ramakrishna S, Mochizuki A, Patel S, Chinnasamy H, Yeom K, Schultz L, Richards R, Campen C, Reschke A, Mahdi J, Toland AMS, Baggott C, Mavroukakis S, Egeler E, Moon J, Landrum K, Erickson C, Rasmussen L, Barsan V, Tamaresis J, Marcy A, Kunicki M, Fujimoto M, Ehlinger Z, Kurra S, Cornell T, Partap S, Fisher P, Grant G, Vogel H, Sahaf B, Davis K, Feldman S, Mackall C, Monje M. EPCT-14. GD2 CAR T-CELLS MEDIATE CLINICAL ACTIVITY AND MANAGEABLE TOXICITY IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH H3K27M-MUTATED DIPG AND SPINAL CORD DMG. Neuro Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8168142 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab090.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We previously discovered high expression of the disialoganglioside GD2 on H3K27M+ gliomas and demonstrated preclinical efficacy of intravenous (IV) GD2-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells in preclinical models of H3K27M-mutated diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) and diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs). We are now conducting a Phase I clinical trial (NCT04196413) of autologous GD2-targeting CAR T-cells for H3K27M+ DIPG and spinal cord DMG. Here we present the results of subjects treated at dose level 1 (DL1; 1 million GD2-CAR T-cells/kg IV).
Methods
Four patients (3 DIPG, 1 spinal DMG; ages 4–25; 1M/3F) were enrolled at DL1. Three subjects with H3K27M+ DIPG received 1e6 GD2-CAR T-cells/kg IV on study. One patient with spinal DMG enrolled but became ineligible after manufacturing and was treated on an eIND at DL1. An Ommaya reservoir was placed in all subjects for therapeutic monitoring of intracranial pressure. Subjects underwent lymphodepletion with fludarabine/cyclophosphamide and remained inpatient for at least two weeks post-infusion.
Results
All subjects developed cytokine release syndrome (Grade 1–3) manifested by fever, tachycardia and hypotension. Other toxicities included ICANS (Grade 1–2) and neurological symptoms/signs mediated by intratumoral inflammation which we have termed Tumor Inflammation-Associated Neurotoxicity (TIAN). No evidence of on-target, off-tumor toxicity was observed in any patients. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred. CAR T cells trafficked to the CNS and were detected in CSF and blood. 3/4 patients exhibited marked improvement or resolution of neurological deficits and radiographic improvement. The patient treated on an eIND exhibited >90% reduction in spinal DMG volume but progressed by month 3. Re-treatment of this subject via intracerebroventricular administration resulted in a second reduction in spinal DMG volume by ~80%.
Conclusions
GD2-CAR T-cells at DL1 demonstrate a tolerable safety profile in patients with H3K27M+ DIPG/DMG with clear signs of T-cell expansion and activity including clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie Majzner
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Shabnum Patel
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Kristen Yeom
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liora Schultz
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Cynthia Campen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Agnes Reschke
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jasia Mahdi
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Emily Egeler
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Moon
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kayla Landrum
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - John Tamaresis
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anne Marcy
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Zach Ehlinger
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sonia Partap
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul Fisher
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerald Grant
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bita Sahaf
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kara Davis
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven Feldman
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Michelle Monje
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Mochizuki A, Janss A, Partap S, Fisher P, Li Y, Fisher M, Minturn J. MBCL-14. A STUDY OF LOW-DOSE CRANIOSPINAL RADIATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED AVERAGE-RISK MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715871 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medulloblastoma is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in children. To date, the treatment of average-risk (non-metastatic, completely resected) medulloblastoma includes craniospinal radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Modern treatment modalities and now risk stratification of subgroups have extended the survival of these patients, exposing the long-term morbidities associated with radiation therapy. METHODS We performed a single-arm, multi-institution study, seeking to reduce the late effects of treatment in patients with average-risk medulloblastoma prior to advances in molecular subgrouping. To do so, we reduced the dose of craniospinal irradiation by 25% to 18 gray with the goal of maintaining the therapeutic efficacy as described in CCG 9892 with maintenance chemotherapy. RESULTS 28 patients aged 3–30 years were enrolled across three institutions between April 2001 and December 2010. Median age at enrollment was 9 years with a median follow-up time of 11.7 years. The 3-year relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were 78.6% (95% CI 58.4% to 89.8%) and 92.9% (95% CI 74.4% to 98.2%), respectively. The 5-year RFS and OS were 71.4% (95% CI 50.1% to 84.6%) and 85.7% (95% CI 66.3% to 94.4%), respectively. Toxicities were similar to those seen in other studies; there were no grade 5 toxicities. CONCLUSIONS Given the known neurocognitive adverse effects associated with cranial radiation therapy, studies to evaluate the feasibility of dose reduction are needed. In this study, we demonstrate that select patients with average-risk medulloblastoma may benefit from reduced craniospinal radiation dose of 18 gray without impacting relapse-free or overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Mochizuki
- Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Anna Janss
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sonia Partap
- Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Paul Fisher
- Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Fisher
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jane Minturn
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Lee A, Mochizuki A, Chow F, Reynoso J, Orpilla J, Sun L, Chavez C, Galvez M, Kienzler J, Yong W, Everson R, Nathanson D, Bensinger S, Liau L, Cloughesy T, Hugo W, Prins R. IMMU-20. SINGLE-CELL RNASEQ OF TUMOR INFILTRATING IMMUNE CELLS FROM NEOADJUVANT ANTI-PD1 TREATED GBM PATIENTS REVEALS GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTIONAL CHANGES AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE ADAPTIVE RESPONSES BY MYELOID CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Neoadjuvant anti-PD1 therapy (neo-aPD1) was previously shown to significantly increase the survival of recurrent glioblastoma patients in a small randomized clinical trial. However, neo-aPD1 alone was not curative so defining the limitations of neo-aPD1 and discovering where other immunotherapies can be used alongside neo-aPD1 is needed.
METHODS
To understand how immune cells in the tumor microenvironment change with neo-aPD1, we used single-cell RNAsequencing to analyze cells from 27 glioma patients (n = 105,143 cells) of which 9 patients had received neo-aPD1 (n = 33,325 cells). Using unsupervised clustering and pseudotime trajectory analysis, we characterized the transcriptional changes within immune cells and how these populations changed with therapy.
RESULTS
We defined the immune landscape of the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. Compared to no immunotherapy treatment, neo-aPD1 significantly increased the ratio of T cells to myelo-monocytic cells and led to significant increases in the effector and memory T cell populations but no significant changes in myeloid cell composition. Our differential gene expression analysis of the myeloid compartment showed significant increases in interferon-γ-responsive genes and down-regulation of genes associated with M2 macrophages and MDSCs, suggestive that neo-aPD1 influences the transcriptional profile of myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. Interestingly, our psuedotime trajectory analysis showed that neo-aPD1 was associated with cells expressing both lymphoid and myeloid-related genes, which we theorized to actually be lymphoid-myeloid cell doublets caused by increased interactions between myeloid and lymphoid cells. These doublets were highly enriched in MHC I and II, macrophage, T cell, and T cell activation and exhaustion genes indicating that neo-aPD1 may result in some adaptive immunosuppressive mechanism by increasing these interactions. This could explain why neo-aPD1 alone is not curative for glioblastoma patients.
CONCLUSIONS
In total, neoadjuvant anti-PD1 therapy enhances effector T cell activity, but may concomitantly induce adaptive resistance mediated by myeloid cells in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lee
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Frances Chow
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Reynoso
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joey Orpilla
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lu Sun
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mildred Galvez
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Kienzler
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Yong
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Linda Liau
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Willy Hugo
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Prins
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
Two surgical techniques have been developed in our laboratory to deal with identifiable problems in long-term artificial heart experiments. A right thoracotomy is used to deal with problems such as extensive bleeding, which occur in the immediate postoperative stage of the experiment, while a left thoracotomy is used in cases in Which the original implantation is preceded by more than one week, since extensive adhesions complicate the right thoracotomy at that stage. Pulmonary problems have been eliminated as a primary cause of difficulties after reoperation, but infection remains a serious problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Fukumasu
- Division of Artificial Organs Department of Surgery University of Utah, College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - D.B. Olsen
- Division of Artificial Organs Department of Surgery University of Utah, College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - J.H. Lawson
- Division of Artificial Organs Department of Surgery University of Utah, College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - A. Mochizuki
- Division of Artificial Organs Department of Surgery University of Utah, College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - N. Daitoh
- Division of Artificial Organs Department of Surgery University of Utah, College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - F. Iwaya
- Division of Artificial Organs Department of Surgery University of Utah, College of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
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10
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Antonios JP, Everson RG, Mochizuki A, Khattab S, Soto H, Romiyo P, Sun MZ, Moughon D, Billingslea-Yoon E, Odesa S, Li G, Kawaguchi E, Salazar A, Yong W, Schlossman J, Ellingson B, Wang AC, Cloughesy T, Prins RM, Liau LM. Abstract PR13: Adjuvant TLR-3 administration enhances proinflammatory immune responses and is associated with extended survival in glioblastoma patients treated with dendritic cell vaccination. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm19-pr13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Malignant glioma, associated with a poor prognosis, is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. We and others have documented immune responses following dendritic cell (DC) vaccination as an active immunotherapeutic treatment for these patients. In this phase II clinical trial, we randomized malignant glioma patients to receive autologous tumor lysate pulsed DC vaccination with and without adjuvant Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. TLRs are present on dendritic cells and serve to modulate immune responses. Twenty-three patients with WHO grade III or IV glioma were treated with three intradermal injections of autologous tumor lysate-pulsed DC on days 0, 14, and 28 followed by an adjuvant placebo, TLR-7 agonist (resiquimod), or TLR-3 agonist (Poly ICLC). Mass cytometry (CyTOF) was used to analyze immune cell populations of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and following treatment. DC-vaccinated patients who received adjuvant Poly ICLC treatment had a significantly improved median survival of 54 months over placebo (11 months) and adjuvant resiquimod (17 months) groups (P<0.01). CyTOF and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNseq) gene expression analysis of systemic PBMCs from patients demonstrated increased immune cell activation and expression of proinflammatory genes. Notably, the expansion of a heterogenous myeloid cell population was noted to correlate with increased survival, corroborating preclinical evidence that these cells modulate adaptive immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Overall, these findings suggest that adjuvant Poly ICLC treatment improves outcomes with autologous lysate-pulsed DC vaccine treatment via modulation of proinflammatory pathways.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster B27.
Citation Format: Joseph P. Antonios, Richard G. Everson, Aaron Mochizuki, Sara Khattab, Horacio Soto, Prashant Romiyo, Matthew Z. Sun, Diana Moughon, Emma Billingslea-Yoon, Sylvia Odesa, Gang Li, Eric Kawaguchi, Alex Salazar, William Yong, Jason Schlossman, Benjamin Ellingson, Anthony C. Wang, Timothy Cloughesy, Robert M. Prins, Linda M. Liau. Adjuvant TLR-3 administration enhances proinflammatory immune responses and is associated with extended survival in glioblastoma patients treated with dendritic cell vaccination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr PR13.
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11
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Lee A, Pan Y, Mochizuki A, Galvez M, Chow F, Nathanson D, Wang A, Everson R, Liau L, Xing Y, Prins R. IMMU-02. NEOANTIGENS ARISING FROM ALTERNATIVE SPLICING EVENTS MAY BE TARGETED BY TUMOR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES IN GLIOBLASTOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Alternative splicing, the cellular process that converts premature mRNA to mature mRNA and allows for single genes to produce multiple protein products, is frequently dysregulated in many cancers, including glioblastoma. However, along with non-synonymous mutations in the DNA, altered splicing mechanisms in cancers may produce novel antigens (so-called neoantigens) that distinguish cancer cells from healthy cells and can thus be targeted by the immune system.
METHODS
We developed a new computation pipeline (IRIS – Isoform peptides from RNA splicing for Immunotherapy targets Screening) that took bulk RNA-sequencing data from 23 glioblastoma patient tumor samples and predicted neoantigens that may arise from alternative splicing events. We prioritized predicted neoantigens that arose in HLA*A02:01 and HLA*A03:01 patients and selected 8 potential neoantigens to generate peptide:MHC Class 1 dextramers. We tested PBMCs and/or ex vivo expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from 6 of our glioblastoma patients against these dextramers, sorted for any neoantigen-reactive T cells, and performed single-cell RNAsequencing on the sorted population to determine the TCR sequence.
RESULTS
Among the 8 predicted neoantigens tested, 7 of the neoantigens were recognized by at least 1 patient’s T cells. 1 HLA*A03:01 epitope was recognized in 3 of the 4 HLA*A03:01 patients tested and this epitope was highly positive in an expanded TIL population, representing 1.7% of all CD3+ CD8+ cells. When we sorted for those neoantigen reactive T cells from the expanded TIL population and performed single-cell RNAsequencing, we found 325 unique T cell clonotypes, but the top 10 clonotypes represented 83.6% of all TCR clonotypes. The most frequent TCR clonotype represented 39.1% of the repertoire and suggests that clonal expansion of a select few TCR clones occurred within the tumor.
CONCLUSIONS
In total, our data indicates that neoantigens arising from alternative splicing events may represent a potential target for immunotherapy in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lee
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yang Pan
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mildred Galvez
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frances Chow
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Anthony Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Linda Liau
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi Xing
- University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Robert Prins
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Chow F, Mochizuki A, Lee A, Galvez M, Orpilla J, Everson R, Liau L, Cloughesy T, Prins R. ATIM-16. VALIDATION OF RESPONSE TO NEOADJUVANT ANTI-PD-1 IMMUNOTHERAPY IN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Recurrent glioblastoma has a poor median overall survival despite multimodal treatment. The use of pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, demonstrates promise, including improved overall survival and increased immune response, when used in the neoadjuvant setting.
METHODS
We evaluated 13 patients with surgically accessible recurrent glioblastoma who were treated at the University of California, Los Angeles with neoadjuvant checkpoint inhibition prior to tumor resection. Combining data with our previously published multi-center study, we followed this cohort prospectively, performing tumor gene expression to validate the immune response and improved survival following neoadjuvant therapy with pembrolizumab.
RESULTS
When combined with findings from our prior study, patients in the neoadjuvant group (n = 27) had an overall survival of 400 days, whereas those in the adjuvant-only group (n = 19) had a median overall survival of 228 days by Kaplan-Meier estimator (P = 0.029, log-rank test). Progression-free survival in the neoadjuvant group was 108 days, whereas in the adjuvant-only group it was 72.5 days (P = 0.017, log-rank test). In elastic net penalized Cox proportional hazards regression, neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 blockade continued to be associated with improved overall survival, with a hazard ratio of 0.11 (P=0.003, log-rank test). Bulk tumor gene expression corroborates our previously described pattern of increased T-cell- and IFN-g-related gene expression, decreased cell-cycle-related signatures and their association with clinical response. Additionally, epigenetic regulation inversely correlated with clinical response.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings support the neoadjuvant timing of PD-1 blockade in enhancing local immune responses and prolonging overall- and progression-free-survival. Correlative biological studies suggest a potential role for cell-cycle-related gene expression as a biomarker to predict response to therapy. Continued data collection and the addition of patients to the neoadjuvant arm of the trial, will be crucial to determine the potential role of checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Chow
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Lee
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mildred Galvez
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joey Orpilla
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Linda Liau
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert Prins
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Kienzler J, Reynoso J, Owens G, Orpilla J, Lee A, Mochizuki A, Yong WH, Liau L, Prins R. IMMU-33. IMMUNE PROFILING REVEALS INHIBITORY MACROPHAGES AND A DISTINCT SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF IMMUNE CELLS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF BRAIN METASTASES. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Current treatment modalities, including surgical resection, radiosurgery and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have improved local control rates of brain metastases, but overall prognosis is still poor. AIM: To investigate the immune microenvironment in brain metastases for better understanding of treatment failures.
METHODS
We identified 42 patients with melanoma (M), breast (B) and lung (L) brain metastases and performed multiplex immunofluorescent staining for immune markers (CD4, CD8, CD45, PD1, PD-L1) and quantitative analysis with HALO software. NanoString nCounter mRNA gene expression assay was used for identification of immune pathways. CyTOF and single cell RNA sequencing were done on 12 different brain metastases and their matched peripheral blood samples.
RESULTS
The median CD8, CD4 and PD1 density (as a total number of cells) was 0.24%, 0.13%, and 0.07% for M, 0.24%, 0.51% and 0.08% for B, and 0.87%, 1.36%, 0.67% for L. CD4 and CD8+PD1+ expression was significantly different between all groups (p=0.01), CD4+PD1+ in M vs. L (p=0.03) and PD1 in B vs. L (p=0.03). No significant difference was found in terms of CD45 positive cells (M 2.13%, B, 1.99%, L 4.95%). PD-L1 expression was significantly different between histologies; the highest expression was present in breast metastases (M: 1.51%, B: 49.98%, L: 31.90%, p=0.0002). Spatial distribution revealed a characteristic pattern with a peritumoral border infiltrate in M, and predominant intratumoral distribution in B and L (M 0.2%, B 2.6%, L 3.6%, p=0.02). CyTOF clustering demonstrated that macrophages are the most prevalent immune population overall (83.08%), with an inhibitory phenotype and gene expression pattern present in different histologies (S100A9, CCL20, IFI16, MARCO). T-cells (predominantly CD4+, 3.6%), and B-cells (1.5%) comprise the remaining immune cell populations.
CONCLUSION
Neoadjuvant targeted treatment approaches may be needed to alter predominance of inhibitory macrophages and recruit activated T lymphocytes in brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Kienzler
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Reynoso
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Owens
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joey Orpilla
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Lee
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - William H Yong
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Liau
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Prins
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Mochizuki A, Lee A, Orpilla J, Kienzler J, Galvez M, Chow F, Davidson T, Wang A, Everson R, Liau L, Cloughesy T, Prins R. TMIC-06. MYELOID POPULATIONS AND THE EFFECT OF NEOADJUVANT PD-1 INHIBITION IN THE GLIOBLASTOMA MICROENVIRONMENT: A SURFACEOMIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC DISSECTION AT THE SINGLE-CELL LEVEL. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz175.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults and is associated with a dismal prognosis. Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 blockade has demonstrated efficacy in melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and recurrent GBM; however, responses vary. While T cells have garnered considerable attention in the context of immunotherapy, the role of myeloid cells in the GBM microenvironment remains controversial.
METHODS
We isolated CD45+ immune populations from patients who underwent brain tumor resection at UCLA. We hypothesized that myeloid cells in glioblastoma contribute to T cell dysfunction; however, this immune suppression can be mitigated by neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibition. To test this, we utilized mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize these immune populations.
RESULTS
Mass cytometry profiling of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from patients with GBM demonstrated a preponderance of CD11b+ myeloid populations (75% versus 25% CD3+). At the transcriptomic level, myeloid cells in newly diagnosed GBMs exhibited decreased expression of CCL4 (loge fold change -1.18, Bonferroni-adjusted P = 1.62x10-254) and its ligands compared to anaplastic astrocytoma. In ranked gene set enrichment analysis, patients who received neoadjuvant pembrolizumab demonstrated enrichment in TNFα-, NFκB- and lipid metabolism-related gene sets by bootstrapped Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P = 4.74x10-3, 1.45x10-2 and 2.48x10-3, respectively) in tumor-associated myeloid populations. Additionally, single-cell trajectory analysis demonstrated increased CCL4 and decreased ISG15 with neoadjuvant checkpoint inhibition.
CONCLUSIONS
Here, we utilize mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing to demonstrate the predominance and transcriptomic features of myeloid populations in GBM. Myeloid cells in patients who receive neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade re-express increased levels NFκB, TNFα and CCL4, a cytokine crucial for the recruitment of dendritic cells to the tumor for antigen-specific T cell activation. By delving into the GBM microenvironment at the single-cell level, we hope to better delineate the role of myeloid populations in this uniformly fatal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Lee
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joey Orpilla
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jenny Kienzler
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mildred Galvez
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frances Chow
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tom Davidson
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Linda Liau
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert Prins
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Fujita Y, Yano T, Abe K, Nagano N, Kamiyama N, Fujito T, Mochizuki A, Koyama M, Kouzu H, Muranaka A, Naganara D, Tanno M, Miki T, Miura T. P6453Activation of necroptotic pathway by downregulated caspase-8 expression is associated with progression of left ventricular remodeling in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Necroptosis, a form of programmed necrosis, has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of various pathological conditions including heart failure. Protein expression of caspase-8, an endogenous inhibitor of necroptosis, is reported to be downregulated in human failing hearts, but its clinical significance remains unclear.
Methods
Endomyocardial biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (n=57, 56.2±14.5 years old, 70% male). The area stained with antibodies against caspase-8 and phospho-MLKL-Ser358 was calculated using an image analyzer, and fibrotic and cardiomyocyte areas were determined by Masson's Trichrome staining. Using a level of median caspase-8 expression (6.04% of the area of the myocardium with caspase-8 signal), patients were classified into a high caspase-8 expression group (H-cas8) and a low caspase-8 expression group (L-cas8).
Results
Caspase-8 signals were detected in cytoplasm and intercalated disks of cardiomyocytes. Patients in the L-cas8 group was younger (51.3±13.1 vs. 61.2±14.3 years old) and had larger left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV: 174±49 vs. 131±41 ml), larger left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV: 123±51 vs. 87±39 ml), and higher ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling to late diastolic filling (E/A: 1.94±1.48 vs. 1.12±0.66) compared with the H-cas8 group. Caspase-8 expression level was positively correlated with age (r=0.34, p=0.01) and negatively correlated with LVEDV (r=−0.47, p<0.01), LVESV (r=−0.40, p<0.01), and E/A (r=−0.39, p<0.01) in simple linear regression analysis. The extent of myocardial fibrosis was not correlated with caspase-8 expression level. Multiple regression analysis indicated that LVEDV, LVESV, and E/A were independent explanatory factors of caspase-8 expression level after adjusting age and sex. Phospho-MLKL signals, an index of activation of necroptotic pathway, were frequently observed in cytoplasm, intercalated disks, and nuclei in the L-cas8 group but not in the H-cas8 group.
Conclusion
Lower caspase-8 expression in cardiomyocytes was associated with increased phosphorylation of MLKL and larger left ventricular volume, suggesting that downregulated caspase-8 may contribute to progression of myocardial remodeling via activation of MLKL in human dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fujita
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Yano
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - K Abe
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - N Nagano
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - N Kamiyama
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Fujito
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - A Mochizuki
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - M Koyama
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - H Kouzu
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - A Muranaka
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - D Naganara
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - M Tanno
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Miki
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - T Miura
- Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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16
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Mochizuki A, Lee A, Garcia A, Prins R, Wang A, Davidson T. IMMU-22. SINGLE-CELL CHARACTERIZATION OF INTRATUMORAL AND SYSTEMIC IMMUNE POPULATIONS IN PEDIATRIC AND ADULT BRAIN TUMORS REVEALS DIFFERENCES IN SUBPOPULATION COMPOSITION, ACTIVATION AND MEMORY. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz036.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Lee
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert Prins
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tom Davidson
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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17
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Davidson TB, Lee A, Hsu M, Sedighim S, Orpilla J, Treger J, Mastall M, Roesch S, Rapp C, Galvez M, Mochizuki A, Antonios J, Garcia A, Kotecha N, Bayless N, Nathanson D, Wang A, Everson R, Yong WH, Cloughesy TF, Liau LM, Herold-Mende C, Prins RM. Expression of PD-1 by T Cells in Malignant Glioma Patients Reflects Exhaustion and Activation. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:1913-1922. [PMID: 30498094 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system. Our recent preclinical work has suggested that PD-1/PD-L1 plays an important immunoregulatory role to limit effective antitumor T-cell responses induced by active immunotherapy. However, little is known about the functional role that PD-1 plays on human T lymphocytes in patients with malignant glioma.Experimental Design: In this study, we examined the immune landscape and function of PD-1 expression by T cells from tumor and peripheral blood in patients with malignant glioma. RESULTS We found several differences between PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and patient-matched PD-1+ peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Phenotypically, PD-1+ TILs exhibited higher expression of markers of activation and exhaustion than peripheral blood PD-1+ T cells, which instead had increased markers of memory. A comparison of the T-cell receptor variable chain populations revealed decreased diversity in T cells that expressed PD-1, regardless of the location obtained. Functionally, peripheral blood PD-1+ T cells had a significantly increased proliferative capacity upon activation compared with PD-1- T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our evidence suggests that PD-1 expression in patients with glioma reflects chronically activated effector T cells that display hallmarks of memory and exhaustion depending on its anatomic location. The decreased diversity in PD-1+ T cells suggests that the PD-1-expressing population has a narrower range of cognate antigen targets compared with the PD-1 nonexpression population. This information can be used to inform how we interpret immune responses to PD-1-blocking therapies or other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom B Davidson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexander Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Melody Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shaina Sedighim
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joey Orpilla
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Janet Treger
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Max Mastall
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Roesch
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Rapp
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mildred Galvez
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aaron Mochizuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph Antonios
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alejandro Garcia
- Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nikesh Kotecha
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
| | - Nicholas Bayless
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
| | - David Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anthony Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard Everson
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Linda M Liau
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert M Prins
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California.,Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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18
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Orpilla J, Mochizuki A, Reynoso J, Akkad N, Lee A, Davidson T, Liau L, Cloughesy T, Prins R. ATIM-25. NEOADJUVANT PD-1 ANTIBODY BLOCKADE IS ASSOCIATED WITH FOCAL UPREGULATION OF PD-L1 AND CD8 T CELL INFILTRATE IN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neha Akkad
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Lee
- UCLA Dept of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tom Davidson
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Prins
- UCLA Depts. of Neurosurgery and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, LA, CA, USA
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19
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Lee A, Mochizuki A, Ishihara M, Garcia A, Nathanson D, Wang A, Everson R, Liau L, Prins R. IMMU-21. MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF IMMUNE CELL POPULATIONS IN THE GLIOMA TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT REVEALS A DOMINANT PROPORTION OF CELLS DERIVED FROM THE MYELO-MONOCYTIC LINEAGE. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lee
- UCLA Dept of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Moe Ishihara
- UCLA Dept of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Prins
- UCLA Depts. of Neurosurgery and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, LA, CA, USA
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20
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Antonios J, Everson R, Soto H, Khattab S, Bethel J, Sun M, Mochizuki A, Lee A, Odesa S, Billingslea-Yoon E, Moughon D, Wang A, Cloughesy T, Prins R, Liau L. ATIM-39. IMPROVED SURVIVAL NOTED IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH ADJUVANT TLR-3 AGONIST IN SETTING OF AUTOLOGOUS LYSATE-PULSED DC VACCINATION. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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21
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Prins R, Mochizuki A, Orpilla J, Lee A, Davidson T, Gaffey S, Sanders C, Rytlewski J, Ellingson B, Li G, Yong W, Clarke J, Arrillaga-Romany I, Colman H, Reardon D, Kaley T, de Groot J, Liau L, Wen P, Cloughesy T. ATIM-12. NEOADJUVANT ANTI-PD-1 IMMUNOTHERAPY PROMOTES INTRATUMORAL AND SYSTEMIC IMMUNE RESPONSES IN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA: AN IVY CONSORTIUM TRIAL. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Prins
- UCLA Depts. of Neurosurgery and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, LA, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander Lee
- UCLA Dept of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tom Davidson
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Ellingson
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gang Li
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Yong
- UCLA Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Clarke
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Howard Colman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute and Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Thomas Kaley
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - John de Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Patrick Wen
- Center For Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Mochizuki A, Orpilla J, Lee A, Garcia A, Liau L, Cloughesy T, Prins R. IMMU-28. HIGH-DIMENSIONAL SINGLE CELL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SYSTEMIC INFLUENCE OF NEOADJUVANT PD-1 BLOCKADE IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Lee
- UCLA Dept of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert Prins
- UCLA Depts. of Neurosurgery and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, LA, CA, USA
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23
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Mochizuki A, Lewis M, Yong W, Salamon N, Wang A, Fallah A, Davidson T. NCMP-10. AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS IN POST-REMISSION PINEAL GERMINOMA: A CASE REPORT. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marisa Lewis
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William Yong
- UCLA Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Aria Fallah
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tom Davidson
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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24
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Kawazu K, Sugeno W, Mochizuki A, Nakamura S. Polyandry increases reproductive performance but does not decrease survival in female Brontispa longissima. Bull Entomol Res 2017; 107:165-173. [PMID: 27573004 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The costs and benefits of polyandry are still not well understood. We studied the effects of multiple mating on the reproductive performance of female Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), one of the most serious pests of the coconut palm, by using three experimental treatments: (1) singly-mated females (single treatment); (2) females that mated 10 times with the same male (repetition treatment); and (3) females that mated once with each of 10 different males (polyandry treatment). Both multiple mating treatments resulted in significantly greater total egg production and the proportion of eggs that successfully hatched (hatching success) than with the single mating treatment. Furthermore, the polyandry treatment resulted in greater total egg production and hatching success than with the repetition treatment. Thus, mate diversity may affect the direct and indirect benefits of multiple mating. Female longevity, the length of the preoviposition period, the length of the period from emergence to termination of oviposition, and the length of the ovipositing period did not differ among treatments. The pronounced fecundity and fertility benefits that females gain from multiple mating, coupled with a lack of longevity costs, apparently explain the extreme polyandry in B. longissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kawazu
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences,Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8604,Japan
| | - W Sugeno
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences,Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8604,Japan
| | - A Mochizuki
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences,Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8604,Japan
| | - S Nakamura
- Japan International Research Centre for Agricultural Sciences,1-1 Owashi,Tsukuba,Ibaraki 305-8686,Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mochizuki
- University of Hawaii; Department of Pediatrics; Honolulu Hawaii
| | - J. Hyland
- Connective Tissue Gene Tests; Allentown Pennsylvania
| | - T. Brown
- Chiropractic Sports Medicine; Newport Beach California
| | - T.P. Slavin
- University of Hawaii; Department of Pediatrics; Honolulu Hawaii
- Kapiolani Medical Specialists; Honolulu Hawaii
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26
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Suzuki D, Natsui M, Mochizuki A, Miura S, Honjo H, Kinoshita K, Fukami S, Sato H, Ikeda S, Endoh T, Ohno H, Hanyu T. Design and fabrication of a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction based nonvolatile programmable switch achieving 40% less area using shared-control transistor structure. J Appl Phys 2014; 115:17B742. [PMID: 24753634 PMCID: PMC3977752 DOI: 10.1063/1.4868332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A compact nonvolatile programmable switch (NVPS) using 90 nm CMOS technology together with perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (p-MTJ) devices is fabricated for zero-standby-power field-programmable gate array. Because routing information does not change once it is programmed into an NVPS, high-speed read and write accesses are not required and a write-control transistor can be shared among all the NVPSs, which greatly simplifies structure of the NVPS. In fact, the effective area of the proposed NVPS is reduced by 40% compared to that of a conventional MTJ-based NVPS. The instant on/off behavior without external nonvolatile memory access is also demonstrated using the fabricated test chip.
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27
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Wilson M, Belle C, Dang A, Hannan P, Kellogg L, Kenyon C, Low H, Mochizuki A, Nguyen A, Sheade N, Shan L, Shum A, Stayton T, Volz C, Vosburgh B, Wellman H, Woolley M. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of <i>Pleurothallis sensu lato</i> based upon nuclear and plastid sequences. Lankesteriana 2013. [DOI: 10.15517/lank.v0i0.11568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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28
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Shimoshige S, Mochizuki A, Nishida J, Kouzu H, Kokubu N, Muranaka A, Yuda S, Hashimoto A, Tsuchihashi K, Miura T. Para-Hisian pacing enabled separate assessments of bundle branch conduction and ventricular myocardium conduction, disclosing distinct determinants. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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29
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Mochizuki A, Miyabe Y, Itoh H, Sugihara K, Kanayama N. Concerns among Japanese Women Regarding Scarring from Transumbilical Single-Port Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2012.08.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Nonaka M, Nishimura A, Nakamura S, Nakayama K, Mochizuki A, Iijima T, Inoue T. Convergent Pre-motoneuronal Inputs to Single Trigeminal Motoneurons. J Dent Res 2012; 91:888-93. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512453724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Because pre-motor neurons targeting trigeminal motoneurons are located in various regions, including the supratrigeminal (SupV) and intertrigeminal (IntV) regions, the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus (PrV), and the region dorsal to the PrV (dRt), a single trigeminal motoneuron may receive differential convergent inputs from these regions. We thus examined the properties of synaptic inputs from these regions to masseter motoneurons (MMNs) and digastric motoneurons (DMNs) in brainstem slice preparations obtained from P1-5 neonatal rats, using whole-cell recordings and laser photolysis of caged glutamate. Photostimulation of multiple regions within the SupV, IntV, PrV, and dRt induced post-synaptic currents (PSCs) in 14 of 19 MMNs and 18 of 26 DMNs. Furthermore, the stimulation of the lateral SupV significantly induced burst PSCs in MMNs more often than low-frequency PSCs in MMNs or burst PSCs in DMNs. Similar results were obtained in the presence of the GABAA receptor antagonist SR95531 and the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine. These results suggest that both neonatal MMNs and DMNs receive convergent glutamatergic inputs from the SupV, IntV, PrV, and dRt, and that the lateral SupV sends burst inputs predominantly to the MMNs. Such convergent pre-motoneuronal inputs to trigeminal motoneurons may contribute to the proper execution of neonatal oro-motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anesthesia, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - A. Nishimura
- Department of Oral Anesthesia, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - S. Nakamura
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - K. Nakayama
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - A. Mochizuki
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - T. Iijima
- Department of Oral Anesthesia, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - T. Inoue
- Department of Oral Physiology, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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31
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Fawzy A, Iwanaga T, McEuen A, Nicholas B, Mochizuki A, Holloway J, Walls A. A Role for Mast Cell Chymase in Regulating Levels of Immunoglobulin E. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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32
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Yamauchi C, Mochizuki A, Takayama K, Suzuki S, Sakaino A, Okazaki W. Enzymatic approach to analyze the effects of mercaptans on hair. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00578_6.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Konstantinidis AK, Puddicombe SM, Mochizuki A, Sheth PD, Yang IA, Yoshisue H, Wilson SJ, Davies DE, Holgate ST, Holloway JW. Cellular localization of interleukin 13 receptor alpha2 in human primary bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2008; 18:174-180. [PMID: 18564628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL) 13 is a key cytokine in asthma, regulating fibrosis, airway remodeling, induction of immunoglobulin E synthesis by B cells, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and mucus production. IL-13 signals through the type II IL-4 receptor (IL-4R), which is composed of the IL-4Ralpha and the IL-13Ralpha1 chains. Another IL-13 binding chain, IL-13Ralpha2, binds IL-13 with high affinity but has no known signaling capability and is thought to serve as a decoy receptor providing tight regulation of IL-13 responses. METHODS In this study, we investigated the cellular localization of IL-13Ralpha2 in human primary bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, as well as the in vivo expression of IL-13Ralpha2 in the human bronchial mucosa by means of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS IL-13Ralpha2 is predominantly an intracellular rather than a membrane-bound molecule in both human primary bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts and displays a diffuse granular cytoplasmic distribution in both cell types. IL-13Ralpha2 protein is expressed in vivo in the human bronchial mucosa with its expression being higher in bronchial epithelial cells than bronchial fibroblasts both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS IL-13Ralpha2 is expressed by both human primary bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts as an intracellular protein with a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution. In vivo, IL-13Ralpha2 is expressed in the human airway mucosa mainly by bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Konstantinidis
- Division of Infection, Inflammation and Repair, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Kumano H, Yuda A, Yamaguchi A, Endo M, Ueno H, Ishii Y, Katagiri S, Mochizuki A. [Use of a balloon occlusion catheter for descending aortic aneurysm after total arch replacement using the elephant trunk technique]. Kyobu Geka 2006; 59:1082-5. [PMID: 17094545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A 74-year-old man who had previously undergone prosthetic graft replacement of the total aortic arch using the elephant trunk technique and of the abdominal aorta was admitted to our hospital for surgical treatment of descending aortic aneurysm. Computed tomography (CT) on admission revealed descending aortic aneurysm of 6.5 cm in diameter, and the previously placed prosthetic graft was detected in the aneurysm. Surgery for the descending aorta was performed under femoro-femoral partial bypass. During the operation, a balloon occlusion catheter introduced through the right brachial artery into the 'elephant trunk' graft was inflated before the aneurysm was opened, then the previously placed prosthetic graft was cross-clamped and the descending aorta was replaced with a new prosthetic graft with usual fashion. The postoperative course was uneventful.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kumano
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Heart Center, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Feugier FG, Mochizuki A, Iwasa Y. Self-organization of the vascular system in plant leaves: Inter-dependent dynamics of auxin flux and carrier proteins. J Theor Biol 2005; 236:366-75. [PMID: 15899502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Revised: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The vegetative hormone Auxin is involved in vascular tissues formation throughout the plant. Trans-membrane carrier proteins transporting auxin from cell to cell and distributed asymmetrically around each cell give to auxin a polarized movement in tissues, creating streams of auxin that presume future vascular bundles. According to the canalization hypothesis, auxin transport ability of cells is thought to increase with auxin flux, resulting in the self-enhancement of this flux along auxin paths. In this study we evaluate a series of models based on canalization hypothesis using carrier proteins, under different assumptions concerning auxin flux formation and carrier protein dynamics. Simulations are run on a hexagonal lattice with uniform auxin production. A single cell located in the margin of the lattice indicates the petiole, and acts as an auxin sink. The main results are: (1) We obtain branching auxin distribution patterns. (2) The type of self-enhancement described by the functional form of the carrier proteins regulation responding to the auxin flux intensity in different parts of a cell, has a strong effect on the possibility of generating the branching patterns. For response functions with acceleration in the increase of carrier protein numbers compared to the auxin flux, branching patterns are likely to be generated. For linear or decelerating response functions, no branching patterns are formed. (3) When branching patterns are formed, auxin distribution greatly differs between the case in which the number of carrier proteins in different parts of a cell are regulated independently, and the case in which different parts of a cell compete for a limited number of carrier proteins. In the former case, the auxin level is lower in veins than in the surrounding tissue, while in the latter, the auxin is present in greater abundance in veins. These results suggest that canalization is a good candidate for describing plant vein pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois G Feugier
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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36
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Mochizuki A, Ueda Y, Komatsuzaki Y, Tsuchiya K, Arai T, Shoji S. Progressive supranuclear palsy presenting with primary progressive aphasia--clinicopathological report of an autopsy case. Acta Neuropathol 2003; 105:610-4. [PMID: 12669238 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-003-0682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2002] [Revised: 01/14/2003] [Accepted: 01/14/2003] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a Japanese autopsy case of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The male patient was 74 years old at the time of death. At age 64, he developed non-fluent aphasia that progressed slowly over 8 years, eventually associated with behavioral abnormality, postural instability, and dysphagia at 2 years prior to his death. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain at age 73 demonstrated marked atrophy of the frontal lobes, particularly on the left side. Neuropathological examination revealed the typical pathology of PSP: loss of neurons, gliosis, occurrence of neurofibrillary tangles, oligodendroglial coiled bodies, and tuft-shaped astrocytes in the frontal cortex, associated with argyrophilic threads in the underlying white matter, in the basal ganglia, including the thalamus, globus pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus, and in the brainstem nuclei, including the substantia nigra, pontine nucleus, and inferior olivary nucleus. No astrocytic plaques or ballooned neurons were observed. Protein analysis revealed accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau of 68 and 64 kDa consisting of the four repeat tau isoforms. We conclude that the present case represented PSP with an 8-year history of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Although focal cortical symptoms in PSP are rare or absent, we should keep in mind the possibility of atypical PSP in which cortical pathology is predominant, particularly in the frontal lobe, and could result in PPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan.
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37
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Aozasa O, Ohta S, Nakao T, Miyata H, Mochizuki A, Fujimine Y, Nomura T. Monthly variation in blood dioxin level, characteristics of isomer composition, and isomer changes in residents near an incineration facility. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2003; 70:660-667. [PMID: 12677375 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-003-0035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Aozasa
- Faculty of Phamaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
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Mochizuki A, McEuen A, Buckley M, Walls A. Secretion of basogranulin from human basophils in response to IgE-dependent and non-IgE-dependent stimuli. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(03)80623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Purkiss J, Mochizuki A, Holmes A, Walls A. Expression of protease activated receptors on human basophils and KU812 cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(03)80635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Mochizuki A, Tamura N, Yatabe Y, Onodera S, Hiruma T, Inaba N, Kusunoki J, Tomioka H. Suppressive effects of F-1322 on the antigen-induced late asthmatic response and pulmonary eosinophilia in guinea pigs. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 430:123-33. [PMID: 11698072 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of F-1322 (N-[2-[4-(benzhydryloxy)piperidino]ethyl]-3-hydroxy-5-(3-pyridylmethoxy)-2-naphthamide), a new compound that inhibits both thromboxane A2 synthetase and 5-lipoxygenase and that functions as a histamine antagonist, on the Ascaris antigen-induced late asthmatic response and pulmonary eosinophilia in guinea pigs. Oral administration of F-1322 (10-100 mg/kg) inhibited the antigen-induced late asthmatic response in a dose-dependent manner. Histological analysis revealed that F-1322 prevented the accumulation of eosinophils in the airways and this was paralleled by a decrease in the number of eosinophils and lymphocytes recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. F-1322 (0.1-10 microM) inhibited eotaxin-induced chemotaxis and actin polymerization of eosinophils in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner, while oral administration of F-1322 dose-dependently suppressed the migration of eosinophils into the airways in vivo in response to infusion of interleukin 5 and eotaxin in combination. F-1322 may, thus, improve the late asthmatic response in this model, in part, by preventing the accumulation of eosinophils in the airways. The pharmacological profile of F-1322 indicates that this drug is likely to be useful in the treatment of allergic diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mochizuki
- Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, FujiREBIO Inc., 51 Komiya-cho, Tokyo 192-0031, Hachioji, Japan.
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Harada H, Mochizuki A, Ohkoshi N, Tamaoka A, Shoji S. [A case of eosinophilic myositis proven by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against eosinophilic granule protein]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2001; 41:387-9. [PMID: 11808347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
A 50-year-old man had been well until three months earlier, when he felt general fatigue, and cutaneous rash with itching. Thereafter a general muscular weakness developed and the patient could not walk for a month. Four weeks before referral to our hospital, he had high fever and could not role over in the bed. On admission, the patient was able to walk. He had no skin rash. Neurologically, he showed mild weakness in proximal muscles. Hematologic examination showed mild eosinophilia and serum creatine kinase was mildly elevated. Needle electromyogram revealed a diffuse myogenic pattern in extremities. Eosinophilic myositis was diagnosed by a biopsy of the left calf muscle showing mild infiltration of eosinophilis which was identified using antibodies against eosinophilic granule protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Harada
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba
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Sonoo M, Mochizuki A, Fukuda H, Oosawa Y, Iwata M, Hatanaka Y, Tsai-Shozawa Y, Okano M, Shimizu T. Lower cervical origin of the P13-like potential in median SSEPS. J Clin Neurophysiol 2001; 18:185-90. [PMID: 11435811 DOI: 10.1097/00004691-200103000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors studied the origin of the scalp P13-like potential in median somatosensory evoked potentials, which have been reported to be preserved in patients with cervicomedullary lesions or in brain death. There were five patients with high to middle cervical lesions (C2/3 or C3/4 level). Small P13-like potentials after P11 were identified for all patients with a noncephalic reference but not with an ear reference. Their onset latencies were slightly earlier than the expected latency of the true P13/14 onset. In two patients, delayed true P13/14s followed by N18s were identified with both noncephalic and ear references. The authors argue that the P13-like potential observed in these patients is a different entity from scalp P13 in normal subjects. Because the C3/4 vertebral level corresponds to the C5 cord level, the origin of the P13-like potential must be below C5, contradicting the previous opinion that it is generated at the cervicomedullary junction or at the high cervical dorsal column. The authors named this potential lower cervical P13 (or lcP13), and present an opinion that it is generated by the beginning of the second spinal ascending volley, which has been described by direct-recording studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sonoo
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Sonoo M, Uesugi H, Mochizuki A, Hatanaka Y, Shimizu T. Single fiber EMG and repetitive nerve stimulation of the same extensor digitorum communis muscle in myasthenia gravis. Clin Neurophysiol 2001; 112:300-3. [PMID: 11165533 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare voluntary single fiber electromyography (v-SFEMG) and repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) at the same extensor digitorum communis (EDC) muscle in myasthenia gravis (MG). METHODS We examined v-SFEMG and RNS successively on the same day in the same EDC muscle. We studied 45 examinations of both v-SFEMG and RNS in 29 patients suffering from MG, together with examinations of RNS in 30 control subjects. RESULTS Forty-one of 45 (91%) v-SFEMGs showed abnormal results, whereas only 18/45 (40%) RNSs showed an abnormal decrement. The percentage of decrement showed similar correlations with 3 v-SFEMG parameters: percentage of abnormal pairs, percentage of blocking pairs, and the mean MCD value. Examinations showing a significant decrement in RNS had at least 60%, and usually no less than 90%, abnormal pairs, and 10-80% blocking pairs. Some muscles without a decrement had up to 50% blocking pairs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the blocking phenomenon observed in v-SFEMG is not a direct counterpart of the decrement in RNS. This must be partly because fibers contributing to the decrement are continuously blocked during voluntary contraction, and partly, because smaller motor units explored by v-SFEMG are probably more abnormal in MG than larger motor units mainly contributing to a decrement. Both factors make v-SFEMG much more sensitive than RNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sonoo
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi-ku, 173, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kosugi Y, Shibuya K, Tsuruno N, Iwazaki Y, Mochizuki A, Yoshioka T, Hashiba T, Satoh S. Expression of genes responsible for ethylene production and wilting are differently regulated in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) petals. Plant Sci 2000; 158:139-145. [PMID: 10996253 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Carnation petals exhibit autocatalytic ethylene production and wilting during senescence. The autocatalytic ethylene production is caused by the expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase genes, whereas the wilting of petals is related to the expression of the cysteine proteinase (CPase) gene. So far, it has been believed that the ethylene production and wilting are regulated in concert in senescing carnation petals, since the two events occurred closely in parallel with time. In the present study, we investigated the expression of these genes in petals of a transgenic carnation harboring a sense ACC oxidase transgene and in petals of carnation flowers treated with 1,1-dimethyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)semicarbazide (DPSS). In petals of the transgenic carnation flowers, treatment with exogenous ethylene caused accumulation of the transcript for CPase and in-rolling (wilting), whereas it caused no or little accumulation of the transcripts for ACC oxidase and ACC synthase and negligible ethylene production. In petals of the flowers treated with DPSS, the transcripts for ACC synthase and ACC oxidase were accumulated, but no significant change in the level of the transcript for CPase was observed. These results suggest that the expression of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genes, which leads to ethylene production, is differentially regulated from the expression of CPase, which leads to wilting, in carnation petals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kosugi
- Laboratory of Bio-adaptation, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Tsutsumidori-amamiyamachi 1-1, Aoba-ku, 981-8555, Sendai, Japan
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Mochizuki A, Kurihara Y, Yokote K, Nakajima Y, Osada H. Discrimination of solitary pulmonary nodules based on vascular supply patterns with First-Pass Dynamic CT. Lung Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(00)80824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mochizuki A, Motoyoshi Y, Takeuchi M, Sonoo M, Shimizu T. A case of adult type galactosialidosis with involvement of peripheral nerves. J Neurol 2000; 247:708-10. [PMID: 11081812 DOI: 10.1007/s004150070116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ikeda S, Mochizuki A, Sarker AH, Seki S. Identification of functional elements in the bidirectional promoter of the mouse Nthl1 and Tsc2 genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 273:1063-8. [PMID: 10891372 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The gene of mammalian endonuclease III homologs (NTHL1/Nthl1), a DNA glycosylase/AP lyase involved in base excision repair, lies immediately adjacent to one of the tuberous sclerosis disease-determining genes, TSC2/Tsc2, in a head-to-head orientation. To clarify the regulation of these divergent genes, we studied the promoter activities of these transcription units by luciferase assay using HeLa cells. We found that the short spacer sequence of 63 base pairs (bp) between the mouse Nthl1 and Tsc2 genes shows bidirectional promoter activity essential for the transcription of both genes. The 63-bp sequence is well conserved among several mammalian species and contains two Ets-transcription factor binding sites (EBSs) in opposite directions. An Ets-family protein in the HeLa nuclear extract specifically bound to either EBSs. Mutation of the core motif of the EBS demonstrated that EBS positively regulates transcription of both mNthl1 and mTsc2 genes. These EBSs had an additive effect on transcription, and each EBS functioned equally in both directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ikeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan.
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Tanaka M, Motomura T, Kawada M, Anzai T, Kasori Y, Shiroya T, Shimura K, Onishi M, Mochizuki A. Blood compatible aspects of poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate) (PMEA)--relationship between protein adsorption and platelet adhesion on PMEA surface. Biomaterials 2000; 21:1471-81. [PMID: 10872776 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(00)00031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Platelet adhesion and spreading is suppressed when a poly(2-methoxyethylacrylate) (PMEA) surface is used, compared with other polymer surfaces. To clarify the reason for this suppression, the relationship among the amount of the plasma protein adsorbed onto PMEA, its secondary structure and platelet adhesion was investigated. Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA) and polyacrylate analogous were used as references. The amount of protein adsorbed onto PMEA was very low and similar to that absorbed onto PHEMA. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was applied to examine changes in the secondary structure of the proteins after adsorption onto the polymer surface. The conformation of the proteins adsorbed onto PHEMA changed considerably, but that of proteins adsorbed onto PMEA differed only a little from the native one. These results suggest that low platelet adhesion and spreading are closely related to the low degree of the denaturation of the protein adsorbed onto PMEA. PMEA could be developed as a promising material to produce a useful blood-contacting surface for medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanaka
- Research and Development Center, Terumo Corporation, Nakai-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Abstract
Immunohistochemistry with end-specific antibodies against C-termini of Abeta40 and Abeta42 in Alzheimer's disease showed that Abeta42 immunoreactivity was localised intracellularly in subpopulations of neurons of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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