1
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Greenstein AS, Reusch JEB, Heagerty AM. Is it time to recommend cardiovascular protection for all? J Hypertens 2024; 42:224-226. [PMID: 38165051 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Greenstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- University of Colorado, Division of Endocrinology, CU Anschutz Medical Center and Rocky Mountain Regional VAMC Research I South, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
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2
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Taylor JL, Walsh KR, Mosneag IE, Danby TGE, Luka N, Chanda B, Schiessl I, Dunne RA, Hill-Eubanks D, Hennig GW, Allan SM, Nelson MT, Greenstein AS, Pritchard HAT. Uncoupling of Ca 2+ sparks from BK channels in cerebral arteries underlies hypoperfusion in hypertension-induced vascular dementia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307513120. [PMID: 37549299 PMCID: PMC10433456 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307513120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The deficit in cerebral blood flow (CBF) seen in patients with hypertension-induced vascular dementia is increasingly viewed as a therapeutic target for disease-modifying therapy. Progress is limited, however, due to uncertainty surrounding the mechanisms through which elevated blood pressure reduces CBF. To investigate this, we used the BPH/2 mouse, a polygenic model of hypertension. At 8 mo of age, hypertensive mice exhibited reduced CBF and cognitive impairment, mimicking the human presentation of vascular dementia. Small cerebral resistance arteries that run across the surface of the brain (pial arteries) showed enhanced pressure-induced constriction due to diminished activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels-key vasodilatory ion channels of cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells. Activation of BK channels by transient intracellular Ca2+ signals from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), termed Ca2+ sparks, leads to hyperpolarization and vasodilation. Combining patch-clamp electrophysiology, high-speed confocal imaging, and proximity ligation assays, we demonstrated that this vasodilatory mechanism is uncoupled in hypertensive mice, an effect attributable to physical separation of the plasma membrane from the SR rather than altered properties of BK channels or Ca2+ sparks, which remained intact. This pathogenic mechanism is responsible for the observed increase in constriction and can now be targeted as a possible avenue for restoring healthy CBF in vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade L. Taylor
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Katy R. Walsh
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ioana-Emilia Mosneag
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Thea G. E. Danby
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Nadim Luka
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Bishal Chanda
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ingo Schiessl
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ross A. Dunne
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David Hill-Eubanks
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
| | - Grant W. Hennig
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
| | - Stuart M. Allan
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T. Nelson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
| | - Adam S. Greenstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester University Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Harry A. T. Pritchard
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, United Kingdom
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3
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Muratoglu SC, Charette MF, Galis ZS, Greenstein AS, Daugherty A, Joutel A, Kozel BA, Wilcock DM, Collins EC, Sorond FA, Howell GR, Hyacinth HI, Lloyd KKC, Stenmark KR, Boehm M, Kahn ML, Corriveau R, Wells S, Bussey TJ, Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Iruela-Arispe ML. Perspectives on Cognitive Phenotypes and Models of Vascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:831-838. [PMID: 35510549 PMCID: PMC9233038 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical investigations have established that vascular-associated medical conditions are significant risk factors for various kinds of dementia. And yet, we are unable to associate certain types of vascular deficiencies with specific cognitive impairments. The reasons for this are many, not the least of which are that most vascular disorders are multi-factorial and the development of vascular dementia in humans is often a multi-year or multi-decade progression. To better study vascular disease and its underlying causes, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health has invested considerable resources in the development of animal models that recapitulate various aspects of human vascular disease. Many of these models, mainly in the mouse, are based on genetic mutations, frequently using single-gene mutations to examine the role of specific proteins in vascular function. These models could serve as useful tools for understanding the association of specific vascular signaling pathways with specific neurological and cognitive impairments related to dementia. To advance the state of the vascular dementia field and improve the information sharing between the vascular biology and neurobehavioral research communities, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a workshop to bring in scientists from these knowledge domains to discuss the potential utility of establishing a comprehensive phenotypic cognitive assessment of a selected set of existing mouse models, representative of the spectrum of vascular disorders, with particular attention focused on age, sex, and rigor and reproducibility. The workshop highlighted the potential of associating well-characterized vascular disease models, with validated cognitive outcomes, that can be used to link specific vascular signaling pathways with specific cognitive and neurobehavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen C Muratoglu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.C.M., M.F.C., Z.S.G.)
| | - Marc F Charette
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.C.M., M.F.C., Z.S.G.)
| | - Zorina S Galis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.C.M., M.F.C., Z.S.G.)
| | - Adam S Greenstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom (A.S.G.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (A.D.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Anne Joutel
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université Paris Descartes, France (A.J.)
| | - Beth A Kozel
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.A.K., M.B.)
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience (D.M.W.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | | | - Farzaneh A Sorond
- Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (F.A.S.)
| | - Gareth R Howell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (G.R.H.)
- Graduate Program of Genetics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA (G.R.H.)
| | - Hyacinth I Hyacinth
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH (H.I.H.)
| | - Kent K C Lloyd
- Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MMRRC) at the University of California, Davis (K.K.C.L.)
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado, Denver (K.R.S.)
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (B.A.K., M.B.)
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (M.L.K.)
| | - Roderick Corriveau
- National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (R.C.)
| | - Sara Wells
- Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (S.W.)
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada (T.J.B.)
| | - Stacey J Sukoff Rizzo
- Department of Medicine-Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA (S.J.S.R.)
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.L.I.-A.)
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4
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Pritchard HA, Taylor J, Nelson MT, Greenstein AS. Loss of Ca
2+
spark‐to‐BK channel coupling impairs cerebral autoregulation in hypertension. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jade Taylor
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester
| | - Mark T. Nelson
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchester
- Department of PharmacologyThe University of VermontBurlingtonVT
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5
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Koide M, Harraz OF, Dabertrand F, Longden TA, Ferris HR, Wellman GC, Hill-Eubanks DC, Greenstein AS, Nelson MT. Differential restoration of functional hyperemia by antihypertensive drug classes in hypertension-related cerebral small vessel disease. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e149029. [PMID: 34351870 PMCID: PMC8439604 DOI: 10.1172/jci149029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia resulting from small vessel diseases (SVDs) of the brain is an emerging epidemic for which there is no treatment. Hypertension is the major risk factor for SVDs, but how hypertension damages the brain microcirculation is unclear. Here, we show that chronic hypertension in a mouse model progressively disrupts on-demand delivery of blood to metabolically active areas of the brain (functional hyperemia) through diminished activity of the capillary endothelial cell inward-rectifier potassium channel, Kir2.1. Despite similar efficacy in reducing blood pressure, amlodipine, a voltage-dependent calcium-channel blocker, prevented hypertension-related damage to functional hyperemia whereas losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, did not. We attribute this drug class effect to losartan-induced aldosterone breakthrough, a phenomenon triggered by pharmacological interruption of the renin-angiotensin pathway leading to elevated plasma aldosterone levels. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that combining losartan with the aldosterone receptor antagonist eplerenone prevented the hypertension-related decline in functional hyperemia. Collectively, these data suggest Kir2.1 as a possible therapeutic target in vascular dementia and indicate that concurrent mineralocorticoid aldosterone receptor blockade may aid in protecting against late-life cognitive decline in hypertensive patients treated with angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Koide
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, and,Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Osama F. Harraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, and,Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Fabrice Dabertrand
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, and,Department of Anesthesiology and,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas A. Longden
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, and,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Adam S. Greenstein
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, and,Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences and,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T. Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, and,Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences and,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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6
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Evans LE, Taylor JL, Smith CJ, Pritchard HAT, Greenstein AS, Allan SM. Cardiovascular co-morbidities, inflammation and cerebral small vessel disease. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2575-2588. [PMID: 34499123 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is the most common cause of vascular cognitive impairment and affects all levels of the brain's vasculature. Features include diverse structural and functional changes affecting small arteries and capillaries that lead to a decline in cerebral perfusion. Due to an aging population, incidence of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is continually rising. Despite its prevalence and its ability to cause multiple debilitating illnesses, such as stroke and dementia, there are currently no therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cSVD. In the healthy brain, interactions between neuronal, vascular and inflammatory cells are required for normal functioning. When these interactions are disturbed, chronic pathological inflammation can ensue. The interplay between cSVD and inflammation has attracted much recent interest and this review discusses chronic cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension, and explores how the associated inflammation may impact on the structure and function of the small arteries of the brain in cSVD. Molecular approaches in animal studies are linked to clinical outcomes in patients and novel hypotheses regarding inflammation and cSVD are proposed that will hopefully stimulate further discussion and study in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowri E Evans
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jade L Taylor
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Craig J Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC)
| | - Harry A T Pritchard
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam S Greenstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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7
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Zhu SC, Chen C, Wu YN, Ahmed M, Kitmitto A, Greenstein AS, Kim SJ, Shao YF, Zhang YH. Cardiac complex II activity is enhanced by fat and mediates greater mitochondrial oxygen consumption following hypoxic re-oxygenation. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:367-374. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Greenstein AS, Kadir SZAS, Csato V, Sugden SA, Baylie RA, Eisner DA, Nelson MT. Disruption of Pressure-Induced Ca 2+ Spark Vasoregulation of Resistance Arteries, Rather Than Endothelial Dysfunction, Underlies Obesity-Related Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 75:539-548. [PMID: 31865779 PMCID: PMC7055934 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Obesity-related hypertension is one of the world’s leading causes of death and yet little is understood as to how it develops. As a result, effective targeted therapies are lacking and pharmacological treatment is unfocused. To investigate underlying microvascular mechanisms, we studied small artery dysfunction in a high fat–fed mouse model of obesity. Pressure-induced constriction and responses to endothelial and vascular smooth muscle agonists were studied using myography; the corresponding intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathways were examined using confocal microscopy. Principally, we observed that the enhanced basal tone of mesenteric resistance arteries was due to failure of intraluminal pressure-induced Ca2+ spark activation of the large conductance Ca2+ activated K+ potassium channel (BK) within vascular smooth muscle cells. Specifically, the uncoupling site of this mechanotransduction pathway was at the sarcoplasmic reticulum, distal to intraluminal pressure-induced oxidation of Protein Kinase G. In contrast, the vasodilatory function of the endothelium and the underlying endothelial IP-3 and TRPV4 (vanilloid 4 transient receptor potential ion channel) Ca2+ signaling pathways were not affected by the high-fat diet or the elevated blood pressure. There were no structural alterations of the arterial wall. Our work emphasizes the importance of the intricate cellular pathway by which intraluminal pressure maintains Ca2+ spark vasoregulation in the origin of obesity-related hypertension and suggests previously unsuspected avenues for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Greenstein
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Viktoria Csato
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A Sugden
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael A Baylie
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Eisner
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Nelson
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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9
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Csato V, Kadir SZSA, Khavandi K, Bennett H, Sugden S, Gurney AM, Pritchard HT, Hill‐Eubanks D, Eaton P, Nelson MT, Greenstein AS. "A Step and a Ceiling": mechanical properties of Ca 2+ spark vasoregulation in resistance arteries by pressure-induced oxidative activation of PKG. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14260. [PMID: 31782255 PMCID: PMC6883097 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the biomechanical relationship between intraluminal pressure within small mesenteric resistance arteries, oxidant activation of PKG, Ca2+ sparks, and BK channel vasoregulation. Mesenteric resistance arteries from wild type (WT) and genetically modified mice with PKG resistance to oxidative activation were studied using wire and pressure myography. Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ transients within vascular smooth muscle cells of intact arteries were characterized using high-speed confocal microscopy of intact arteries. Arteries were studied under conditions of varying intraluminal pressure and oxidation. Intraluminal pressure specifically, rather than the generic stretch of the artery, was necessary to activate the oxidative pathway. We demonstrated a graded step activation profile for the generation of Ca2+ sparks and also a functional "ceiling" for this pressure --sensitive oxidative pathway. During steady state pressure - induced constriction, any additional Ca2+ sensitive-K+ channel functional availability was independent of oxidant activated PKG. There was an increase in the amplitude, but not the Area under the Curve (AUC) of the caffeine-induced Ca2+ transient in pressurized arteries from mice with oxidant-resistant PKG compared with wild type. Overall, we surmise that intraluminal pressure within resistance arteries controls Ca2+ spark vasoregulation through a tightly controlled pathway with a graded onset switch. The pathway, underpinned by oxidant activation of PKG, cannot be further boosted by additional pressure or oxidation once active. We propose that these restrictive characteristics of pressure-induced Ca2+ spark vasoregulation confer stability for the artery in order to provide a constant flow independent of additional pressure fluctuations or exogenous oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Csato
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Division of Clinical PhysiologyInstitute of CardiologyResearch Centre for Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Sharifah Z. S. A. Kadir
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Kaivan Khavandi
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Hayley Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Sugden
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Gurney
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Harry T. Pritchard
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Philip Eaton
- Centre for Clinical PharmacologyWilliam Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Present address:
Centre for Clinical PharmacologyWilliam Harvey Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark T. Nelson
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermont
| | - Adam S. Greenstein
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterHealth Innovation Manchester NetworkManchesterUnited Kingdom
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10
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Chowdhury KM, Taylor JK, Alleleyn JAM, Comerford A, Hanley M, Greenstein AS. 15COMBINING FORCES TO IMPROVE THE CARE OF OLDER PEOPLE PRESENTING TO HOSPITAL. Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy211.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - J K Taylor
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
- University of Manchester
| | | | | | - M Hanley
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A S Greenstein
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
- University of Manchester
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11
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Baylie R, Ahmed M, Bonev AD, Hill-Eubanks DC, Heppner TJ, Nelson MT, Greenstein AS. Lack of direct effect of adiponectin on vascular smooth muscle cell BK Ca channels or Ca 2+ signaling in the regulation of small artery pressure-induced constriction. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/16/e13337. [PMID: 28830977 PMCID: PMC5582259 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms by which adiponectin influences vascular Ca2+ signaling, K+ channel activity and thus contractile tone of small arteries. Vasodilation to adiponectin was studied in mesenteric resistance arteries constricted with intraluminal pressure. Ca2+ signals were characterized using high speed confocal microscopy of intact arteries. Patch clamp investigated the effect of adiponectin on individual VSMC potassium (K+) channel currents. Adiponectin dilated arteries constricted with pressure‐induced tone by approximately 5% and the induced vasodilation was only transient. The dilation to adiponectin was reduced by pharmacological interruption of the Ca2+ spark/large conductance activated K+ (BK) channel pathway but from a physiological perspective, interpretation of the data was limited by the small effect. Neither Adiponectin nor the presence of intact perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) influenced Ca2+ spark or Ca2+ wave frequency or characteristics. Studied using a perforated patch approach, Adiponectin marginally increased current through the VSMC BK channel but this effect was lost using the whole cell technique with dialysis of the cytoplasm. Adiponectin did not change the frequency or amplitude of Ca2+ spark‐induced transient outward currents (STOC). Overall, our study shows that Adiponectin induces only a small and transient dilation of pressure constricted mesenteric arteries. This vasodilatory effect is likely to be independent of Ca2+ sparks or direct BK channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Baylie
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Majid Ahmed
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adrian D Bonev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Thomas J Heppner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Mark T Nelson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Adam S Greenstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Khavandi K, Aghamohammadzadeh R, Luckie M, Brownrigg J, Alam U, Khattar R, Malik RA, Heagerty AM, Greenstein AS. Abnormal Remodeling of Subcutaneous Small Arteries Is Associated With Early Diastolic Impairment in Metabolic Syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.004603. [PMID: 28400366 PMCID: PMC5532992 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Small artery pathophysiology is frequently invoked as a cause of obesity‐related diastolic heart failure. However, evidence to support this hypothesis is scant, particularly in humans. Methods and Results To address this, we studied human small artery structure and function in obesity and looked for correlations between vascular parameters and diastolic function. Seventeen obese patients with metabolic syndrome and 5 control participants underwent echocardiography and subcutaneous gluteal fat biopsy. Small arteries were isolated from the biopsy and pressure myography was used to study endothelial function and wall structure. In comparison with the control group, small arteries from obese participants exhibited significant endothelial dysfunction, assessed as the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine and also pathological growth of the wall. For the obese participants, multiple regression analysis revealed an association between left atrial volume and both the small artery wall thickness (β=0.718, P=0.02) and wall‐to‐lumen ratio (β=0.605, P=0.02). Furthermore, the E:E′ ratio was associated with wall‐to‐lumen ratio (β=0.596, P=0.02) and inversely associated with interleukin‐6 (β=−0.868, P=0.03). By contrast, endothelial function did not correlate with any of the echocardiographic parameters studied. Conclusions Although the small arteries studied were not cardiac in origin, our results support a role for small artery remodeling in the development of diastolic dysfunction in humans. Further direct examination of the structure and function of the myocardial resistance vasculature is now warranted, to elucidate the temporal association between metabolic risk factors, small artery injury, and diastolic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaivan Khavandi
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.,British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Aghamohammadzadeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Luckie
- Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Brownrigg
- St. George's Vascular Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Uazman Alam
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rajdeep Khattar
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adam S Greenstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Khavandi K, Baylie RA, Sugden SA, Ahmed M, Csato V, Eaton P, Hill-Eubanks DC, Bonev AD, Nelson MT, Greenstein AS. Pressure-induced oxidative activation of PKG enables vasoregulation by Ca2+ sparks and BK channels. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra100. [PMID: 27729550 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf6625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Ca2+-sensitive, large-conductance potassium (BK) channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by local, ryanodine receptor-mediated Ca2+ signals (Ca2+ sparks) acts as a brake on pressure-induced (myogenic) vasoconstriction-a fundamental mechanism that regulates blood flow in small resistance arteries. We report that physiological intraluminal pressure within resistance arteries activated cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) in VSMCs through oxidant-induced formation of an intermolecular disulfide bond between cysteine residues. Oxidant-activated PKG was required to trigger Ca2+ sparks, BK channel activity, and vasodilation in response to pressure. VSMCs from arteries from mice expressing a form of PKG that could not be activated by oxidants showed reduced Ca2+ spark frequency, and arterial preparations from these mice had decreased pressure-induced activation of BK channels. Thus, the absence of oxidative activation of PKG disabled the BK channel-mediated negative feedback regulation of vasoconstriction. Our results support the concept of a negative feedback control mechanism that regulates arterial diameter through mechanosensitive production of oxidants to activate PKG and enhance Ca2+ sparks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaivan Khavandi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Center, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.,King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, Saint Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Rachael A Baylie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Center, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Sarah A Sugden
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Center, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Majid Ahmed
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Center, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Vermont, 05405-0068, USA
| | - Viktoria Csato
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Center, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.,Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Research Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4012, Hungary
| | - Philip Eaton
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, Saint Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | - Adrian D Bonev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Vermont, 05405-0068, USA
| | - Mark T Nelson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Center, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Vermont, 05405-0068, USA
| | - Adam S Greenstein
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Center, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
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Aghamohammadzadeh R, Unwin RD, Greenstein AS, Heagerty AM. Effects of Obesity on Perivascular Adipose Tissue Vasorelaxant Function: Nitric Oxide, Inflammation and Elevated Systemic Blood Pressure. J Vasc Res 2016; 52:299-305. [PMID: 26910225 PMCID: PMC4961268 DOI: 10.1159/000443885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds most vessels in the human body. Healthy PVAT has a vasorelaxant effect which is not observed in obesity. We assessed the contribution of nitric oxide (NO), inflammation and endothelium to obesity-induced PVAT damage. Methods Rats were fed a high-fat diet or normal chow. PVAT function was assessed using wire myography. Skeletonised and PVAT-intact mesenteric vessels were prepared with and without endothelium. Vessels were incubated with L-NNA or superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Gluteal fat biopsies were performed on 10 obese and 10 control individuals, and adipose tissue was assessed using proteomic analysis. Results In the animals, there were significant correlations between weight and blood pressure (BP; r = 0.5, p = 0.02), weight and PVAT function (r = 0.51, p = 0.02), and PVAT function and BP (r = 0.53, p = 0.01). PVAT-intact vessel segments from healthy animals constricted significantly less than segments from obese animals (p < 0.05). In a healthy state, there was preservation of the PVAT vasorelaxant function after endothelium removal (p < 0.05). In endothelium-denuded vessels, L-NNA attenuated the PVAT vasorelaxant function in control vessels (p < 0.0001). In obesity, incubation with SOD and catalase attenuated PVAT-intact vessel contractility in the presence and absence of endothelium (p < 0.001). In obese humans, SOD [Cu-Zn] (SOD1; fold change −2.4), peroxiredoxin-1 (fold change −2.15) and adiponectin (fold change −2.1) were present in lower abundances than in healthy controls. Conclusions Incubation with SOD and catalase restores PVAT vasorelaxant function in animal obesity. In the rodent model, obesity-induced PVAT damage is independent of endothelium and is in part due to reduced NO bioavailability within PVAT. Loss of PVAT function correlates with rising BP in our animal obesity model. In keeping with our hypothesis of inflammation-induced damage to PVAT function in obesity, there are lower levels of SOD1, peroxiredoxin-1 and adiponectin in obese human PVAT.
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Abstract
Prevention of target organ damage represents the El Dorado for clinicians who treat hypertension. Although many of the cardiovascular sequelae of chronic hypertension are due to large artery atherosclerosis, an equal number are due to small artery dysfunction. These microvascular complications include eye disease (retinopathy), kidney failure, diastolic dysfunction of the heart and small vessel brain disease leading to stroke syndromes, dementia and even depression. Examination of the retinal vasculature represents the only way to reliably derive information regarding small arteries responsible for these diverse pathologies. This review aims to summarise the rapidly accruing evidence indicating that easily observable abnormalities of retinal arteries reflect target organ damage elsewhere in the body of hypertensive patients. In tandem, we also present putative mechanisms by which hypertension and diabetes fundamentally change small artery structure and function and how these processes may lead to target organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaivan Khavandi
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Department of Cardiology, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK.
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16
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Aghamohammadzadeh R, Greenstein AS, Yadav R, Jeziorska M, Hama S, Soltani F, Pemberton PW, Ammori B, Malik RA, Soran H, Heagerty AM. Effects of bariatric surgery on human small artery function: evidence for reduction in perivascular adipocyte inflammation, and the restoration of normal anticontractile activity despite persistent obesity. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:128-135. [PMID: 23665100 PMCID: PMC3791397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bariatric surgery on small artery function and the mechanisms underlying this. Background In lean healthy humans, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anticontractile effect on adjacent small arteries, but this is lost in obesity-associated conditions such as the metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes where there is evidence of adipocyte inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Methods Segments of small subcutaneous artery and perivascular fat were harvested from severely obese individuals before (n = 20) and 6 months after bariatric surgery (n = 15). Small artery contractile function was examined in vitro with wire myography, and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) morphology was assessed with immunohistochemistry. Results The anticontractile activity of PVAT was lost in obese patients before surgery when compared with healthy volunteers and was restored 6 months after bariatric surgery. In vitro protocols with superoxide dismutase and catalase rescued PVAT anticontractile function in tissue from obese individuals before surgery. The improvement in anticontractile function after surgery was accompanied by improvements in insulin sensitivity, serum glycemic indexes, inflammatory cytokines, adipokine profile, and systolic blood pressure together with increased PVAT adiponectin and nitric oxide bioavailability and reduced macrophage infiltration and inflammation. These changes were observed despite the patients remaining severely obese. Conclusions Bariatric surgery and its attendant improvements in weight, blood pressure, inflammation, and metabolism collectively reverse the obesity-induced alteration to PVAT anticontractile function. This reversal is attributable to reductions in local adipose inflammation and oxidative stress with improved adiponectin and nitric oxide bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Aghamohammadzadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Adam S Greenstein
- Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Yadav
- Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Jeziorska
- Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Salam Hama
- Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fardad Soltani
- Manchester Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Phil W Pemberton
- Manchester Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Basil Ammori
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Handrean Soran
- Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Greenstein AS, Bonev A, Sonkusare S, Heppner T, Nelson M. Adiponectin vasodilates small arteries by increasing BK activity. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.877.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Greenstein
- Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - tom Heppner
- PharmacologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT
| | - Mark Nelson
- PharmacologyUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT
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Greenstein AS, Paranthaman R, Burns A, Jackson A, Malik RA, Baldwin RC, Heagerty AM. Cerebrovascular damage in late-life depression is associated with structural and functional abnormalities of subcutaneous small arteries. Hypertension 2010; 56:734-40. [PMID: 20713917 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.152801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Late-life depression is increasingly viewed as a vascular illness because of patients exhibiting characteristic white matter brain lesions and in vivo large artery endothelial dysfunction. However, the "vascular depression" hypothesis pertains to the microvasculature, and this circulation has not been studied in this context. Our objective was to examine structure and function of small subcutaneous arteries in patients with late-life depression. Thus, 16 patients aged 71.8±4.0 years with late-life depression were compared with 15 control participants aged 72.1±5.9 years. There were similar cardiovascular profiles between the 2 groups. All of the participants underwent MRI brain scans and subcutaneous gluteal fat biopsy from which small arteries were isolated and studied using pressure myography. Cerebral microvascular damage in depressed patients was confirmed by assessment of basal ganglia Virchow-Robin space scores (depressed patients 3.9±1.7 versus controls: 2.5±1.6; P=0.01). Contractility to norepinephrine was equivalent in both groups, but relaxation of the small arteries to acetylcholine was significantly reduced in depressed patients (84.0±4.0%) compared with control participants (96.0±1.4%; P=0.012). This difference in arterial relaxation was reduced but not entirely eliminated when NO synthase was inhibited. Depressed patients also exhibited hypertrophic wall growth with an increase in medial cross-sectional area (P=0.035, multiple ANOVA and wall thickness; P=0.04, multiple ANOVA). In conclusion, despite similar cardiovascular profiles, depressed patients with cerebral microvascular damage show abnormalities of subcutaneous small artery structure and function.
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Paranthaman R, Greenstein AS, Burns AS, Cruickshank JK, Heagerty AM, Jackson A, Malik RA, Scott MLJ, Baldwin RC. Vascular function in older adults with depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2010; 68:133-9. [PMID: 20609838 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular disease plays an important role in depressive disorder, especially in older adults. An understanding of vascular function in depression is important etiologically and to develop innovative treatments that may improve prognosis by ameliorating vascular damage. METHODS This study assessed endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and atherosclerosis in a variety of vessel beds in 25 elderly subjects with depressive disorder compared with 21 nondepressed control subjects. Subjects underwent pulse wave velocity, pulse wave analysis, carotid intima media thickness analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging. A subset (16 patients and 15 control subjects) had assessment of biopsied small artery dilatation to acetylcholine to further assess endothelial function. RESULTS The mean sample age was 72.4 years with an average age at onset for depression of 60 years. Mean carotid intima media thickness was significantly higher in depressed subjects (p < .01). Pulse wave velocity was 1.6 m/sec higher in depressed subjects (borderline significance). There was a significant reduction in the dilatation response to acetylcholine in preconstricted small arteries (p = .01). On magnetic resonance imaging, depressed subjects had significantly more dilated Virchow-Robin spaces in the basal ganglia (p = .01). Depressed subjects had greater volume of white matter lesions in all regions, but this did not reach statistical significance. There were no baseline differences in vascular risk. CONCLUSIONS Depression in the elderly is associated with poorer endothelial function and more atherosclerosis. This is associated with a greater white matter hyperintensities lesion load and basal ganglia microangiopathy. The use of vasoprotective drugs to improve endothelial function or retard atherosclerosis as depression-modifying agents should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathy Paranthaman
- Greater Manchester West Mental Health National Health Service Trust, Royal Bolton Hospital, Farnworth, Bolton, United Kingdom.
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Greenstein AS, Price A, Sonoyama K, Paisley A, Khavandi K, Withers S, Shaw L, Paniagua O, Malik RA, Heagerty AM. Eutrophic Remodeling of Small Arteries in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Is Enabled by Metabolic Control. Hypertension 2009; 54:134-41. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.129718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam S. Greenstein
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group (A.S.G., A. Price, K.S., A. Paisley, K.K., S.W., L.S., R.A.M., A.M.H.), Department of Medicine, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (A.S.G., A.M.H.), Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; and the University of Texas Medical Branch/Methodist Hospital of Houston (O.P.), Tex
| | - Anna Price
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group (A.S.G., A. Price, K.S., A. Paisley, K.K., S.W., L.S., R.A.M., A.M.H.), Department of Medicine, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (A.S.G., A.M.H.), Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; and the University of Texas Medical Branch/Methodist Hospital of Houston (O.P.), Tex
| | - Kazuhiko Sonoyama
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group (A.S.G., A. Price, K.S., A. Paisley, K.K., S.W., L.S., R.A.M., A.M.H.), Department of Medicine, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (A.S.G., A.M.H.), Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; and the University of Texas Medical Branch/Methodist Hospital of Houston (O.P.), Tex
| | - Angela Paisley
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group (A.S.G., A. Price, K.S., A. Paisley, K.K., S.W., L.S., R.A.M., A.M.H.), Department of Medicine, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (A.S.G., A.M.H.), Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; and the University of Texas Medical Branch/Methodist Hospital of Houston (O.P.), Tex
| | - Kaivan Khavandi
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group (A.S.G., A. Price, K.S., A. Paisley, K.K., S.W., L.S., R.A.M., A.M.H.), Department of Medicine, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (A.S.G., A.M.H.), Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; and the University of Texas Medical Branch/Methodist Hospital of Houston (O.P.), Tex
| | - Sarah Withers
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group (A.S.G., A. Price, K.S., A. Paisley, K.K., S.W., L.S., R.A.M., A.M.H.), Department of Medicine, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (A.S.G., A.M.H.), Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; and the University of Texas Medical Branch/Methodist Hospital of Houston (O.P.), Tex
| | - Linda Shaw
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group (A.S.G., A. Price, K.S., A. Paisley, K.K., S.W., L.S., R.A.M., A.M.H.), Department of Medicine, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (A.S.G., A.M.H.), Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; and the University of Texas Medical Branch/Methodist Hospital of Houston (O.P.), Tex
| | - Oscar Paniagua
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group (A.S.G., A. Price, K.S., A. Paisley, K.K., S.W., L.S., R.A.M., A.M.H.), Department of Medicine, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (A.S.G., A.M.H.), Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; and the University of Texas Medical Branch/Methodist Hospital of Houston (O.P.), Tex
| | - Rayaz A. Malik
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group (A.S.G., A. Price, K.S., A. Paisley, K.K., S.W., L.S., R.A.M., A.M.H.), Department of Medicine, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (A.S.G., A.M.H.), Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; and the University of Texas Medical Branch/Methodist Hospital of Houston (O.P.), Tex
| | - Anthony M. Heagerty
- From the Cardiovascular Research Group (A.S.G., A. Price, K.S., A. Paisley, K.K., S.W., L.S., R.A.M., A.M.H.), Department of Medicine, Manchester University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (A.S.G., A.M.H.), Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; and the University of Texas Medical Branch/Methodist Hospital of Houston (O.P.), Tex
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Greenstein AS, Khavandi K, Withers SB, Sonoyama K, Clancy O, Jeziorska M, Laing I, Yates AP, Pemberton PW, Malik RA, Heagerty AM. Local inflammation and hypoxia abolish the protective anticontractile properties of perivascular fat in obese patients. Circulation 2009; 119:1661-70. [PMID: 19289637 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.821181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation in adipose tissue has been implicated in vascular dysfunction, but the local mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Small arteries with and without perivascular adipose tissue were taken from subcutaneous gluteal fat biopsy samples and studied with wire myography and immunohistochemistry. We established that healthy adipose tissue around human small arteries secretes factors that influence vasodilation by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability. However, in perivascular fat from obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (waist circumference 111+/-2.8 versus 91.1+/-3.5 cm in control subjects, P<0.001; insulin sensitivity 41+/-5.9% versus 121+/-18.6% in control subjects, P<0.001), the loss of this dilator effect was accompanied by an increase in adipocyte area (1786+/-346 versus 673+/-60 mum(2), P<0.01) and immunohistochemical evidence of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 12.4+/-1.1% versus 6.7+/-1%, P<0.001). Application of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor receptor-alpha and interleukin-6 to perivascular fat around healthy blood vessels reduced dilator activity, resulting in the obese phenotype. These effects could be reversed with free radical scavengers or cytokine antagonists. Similarly, induction of hypoxia stimulated inflammation and resulted in loss of anticontractile capacity, which could be rescued by catalase and superoxide dismutase or cytokine antagonists. Incubation with a soluble fragment of adiponectin type 1 receptor or inhibition of nitric oxide synthase blocked the vasodilator effect of healthy perivascular adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that adipocytes secrete adiponectin and provide the first functional evidence that it is a physiological modulator of local vascular tone by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability. This capacity is lost in obesity by the development of adipocyte hypertrophy, leading to hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Greenstein
- Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Lawson CA, Brown AK, Bejarano V, Douglas SH, Burgoyne CH, Greenstein AS, Boylston AW, Emery P, Ponchel F, Isaacs JD. Early rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a deficit in the CD4+CD25high regulatory T cell population in peripheral blood. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45:1210-7. [PMID: 16571607 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to test the hypothesis that there is a deficit in the CD4+CD25high regulatory T-cell population in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), either in size or functional activity. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined from subjects with early active RA who had received no previous disease-modifying therapy (n = 43), from individuals with self-limiting reactive arthritis (n = 14), from subjects with stable, well-controlled RA (n = 82) and from healthy controls (n = 72). The frequencies of CD4+CD25high T-cells were quantified using flow cytometry, and function was assessed by the ability to suppress proliferation of CD4+CD25- T-cells. Paired blood and synovial fluid was analysed from a small number of RA and reactive arthritis patients. RESULTS There was a smaller proportion of CD4+CD25high T-cells in the peripheral blood of early active RA patients (mean 4.25%) than in patients with reactive arthritis or in controls (mean 5.90 and 5.30%, respectively, P = 0.001 in each case). Frequencies in stable, well-controlled RA (mean 4.63%) were not significantly different from early active RA or controls. There were no differences in suppressor function between groups. Higher frequencies of CD4+CD25high T-cells were found in synovial fluid than blood in both RA and reactive arthritis. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate a smaller CD4+CD25high regulatory T-cell population in peripheral blood of individuals with early active RA prior to disease-modifying treatment. This may be a contributory factor in the susceptibility to RA and suggests novel approaches to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lawson
- Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal Disease, IMMECR, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
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Greenstein AS, Marzo-Ortega H, Emery P, O'Connor P, McGonagle D. Magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of progressive joint destruction in neuropathic joint disease. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46:2814-5. [PMID: 12384944 DOI: 10.1002/art.10532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stebbing
- Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hirigoyen MB, Manasia A, Zhang W, Greenstein AS, Lu Y, Benjamin E, Urken ML, Weinberg H. Glutathione disulphide as a marker of reperfusion injury in ischaemic skin flaps. Br J Plast Surg 1995; 48:77-82. [PMID: 7743052 DOI: 10.1016/0007-1226(95)90100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of the oxidised form of glutathione (GSSG) in an ischaemic/reperfused organ is frequently employed as an indicator of oxidative stress created by the production of oxygen free radicals during the reperfusion period. The time course of oxidative stress and tissue damage in 19 ischaemic/reperfused guinea-pig island skin flaps was evaluated. No-flow ischaemia was induced in the flaps for 6 h in 7 animals, and for 8 h in 9 animals (a further 3 animals served as controls without ischaemia). Arterial and venous blood samples were obtained directly from the flap pedicle at baseline, 10, 30, and 60 min following reperfusion. Results suggest that a second focus of oxidative injury, possibly mediated by activated neutrophils, contributes to the overall process of reperfusion injury. Plasma levels of GSSG allow for a more sensitive quantification of oxidant stress within reperfused ischaemic flaps, and may serve as a useful tool in skin flap research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Hirigoyen
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA
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Greenstein BD, Dhaher YY, Bridges EDF, Keser G, Khamashta MA, Etherington J, Greenstein AS, Coates PJ, Hall PA, Hughes GR. Effects of an aromatase inhibitor on thymus and kidney and on oestrogen receptors in female MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice. Lupus 1993; 2:221-5. [PMID: 8268969 DOI: 10.1177/096120339300200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of an aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OHA), which blocks oestrogen formation, have been studied in female MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice which are a model of SLE. At 11.5 weeks, mice were implanted subcutaneously either with empty Silastic implants or with implants containing 25 mg 4-OHA. At 15 weeks, they were sacrificed by decapitation and liver, thymus, kidneys and uterus taken for wet weight, histology and measurement of cytosolic and nuclear oestrogen receptors. Thymus weights were significantly lower in 4-OHA-treated mice although uterus weights were similar in both groups. Also, whereas thymuses from control-treated mice were packed with plasma cells with abundant cytoplasm, those from 4-OHA-treated mice contained T cells with large nuclei. Relative oestrogen receptor abundances were: uterus > liver > thymus, although cytosolic receptors could not be detected in thymus cytosols of MRL mice unless they were treated with the aromatase inhibitor. In kidney, there was histological evidence that inflammation was limited to mesangium in 4-OHA-treated mice. These results support the hypothesis that oestrogens may be involved in the aetiology of murine SLE and provide data suggesting that substances which block oestrogen production in vivo may be useful to treat certain forms of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Greenstein
- Lupus and Arthritis Research Unit, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Greenstein AS. Employee evaluation system. Biomed Instrum Technol 1991; 25:178. [PMID: 1855101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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28
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Greenstein AS, Phillips KA. Enhancing clinical engineering credibility and visibility in a medical center. Biomed Instrum Technol 1989; 23:283-5. [PMID: 2804485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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