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Ezechi OC, Akinsolu FT, Gbajabiamila TA, Idigbe IE, Ezeobi PM, Musa AZ, Wapmuk AE. Sexual dysfunction among Nigerian women living with HIV infection. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292294. [PMID: 38635555 PMCID: PMC11025868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual dysfunction in women with HIV is a necessary but understudied aspect of HIV complications in women living with HIV. This study reports the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors for sexual dysfunction in women living with HIV in southwest Nigeria. METHODS A validated Female Sexual Function Index was used to determine sexual dysfunction in a cross-sectional study design involving 2926 adult women living with HIV in a large, publicly funded tertiary HIV treatment centre in Lagos, Nigeria. A score of less than 26.5 indicated sexual dysfunction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for sexual dysfunction. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 71.4%. The types of dysfunctions detected included disorder of desire (76.8%), sexual arousal (66.0%), orgasm (50.0%), pain (47.2%), lubrication (47.2%), and satisfaction (38.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that menopause (aOR: 2.0; 1.4-4.1), PHQ score of 10 and above (aOR: 2.3; 1.7-3.2), co-morbid medical conditions (aOR: 1.8; 1.4-2.7), use of protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy (aOR: 1.3; 1.2-2.1) and non-disclosure of HIV status (aOR: 0.7; 0.6-0.8) were factors associated with sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Sexual dysfunction is common among Nigerian women living with HIV. Menopause, use of protease inhibitor-based regimens, PHQ score of at least 10, co-morbid medical condition, and non-disclosure of HIV status were associated with sexual dysfunction. National HIV programmes, in addition to incorporating screening and management of sexual dysfunction in the guidelines, should sensitise and train health workers on the detection and treatment of sexual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Folahanmi Tomiwa Akinsolu
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Tititola Abike Gbajabiamila
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Eugenia Idigbe
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Paschal Mbanefo Ezeobi
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Zadiat Musa
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Agatha Eileen Wapmuk
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Aina OO, Busari AA, Oladele DA, Esezobor C, Akase IE, Okwuraiwe AP, Okoyenta CO, Otrofanowei E, James AB, Bamidele TA, Olopade OB, Ajibaye O, Musa AZ, Salako AO, Agabi OP, Olakiigbe AK, Akintan PE, Amoo OS, Ima-Edomwonyi E, Raheem TY, David AN, Akinbode GO, Nmadu N, Osuolale KA, Fadipe B, Abiola A, Tade T, Audu RA, Adeyemo WL, Ezechi OC, Bode C, Salako BL. Preliminary Study on Open Labelled Randomized Controlled Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Phosphate for the Treatment of Persons Infected with 2019 Coronavirus Disease in Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:1049-1059. [PMID: 37906618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a causative agent of COVID-19 is a leading cause of ill-health and deaths worldwide. Currently, COVID-19 has no known widely approved therapeutics. Thus, the need for effective treatment. OBJECTIVES We investigated the safety and efficacy of two (2) therapeutic agents; chloroquine phosphate (CQ), 2- hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and a control (standard supportive therapy) among hospitalized adults with COVID-19. METHODS The clinical trial was done in accordance to the World Health Organization master protocol for investigational therapeutics for COVID-19. Atotal of 40 participants with laboratory-confirmed positive COVID-19 were enrolled. Blood samples and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were obtained on days 1,3,15 and 29 for safety and efficacy assessments. RESULTS The baseline demographics showed that the median ages in years (range) were 45 (31-57) in CQ, 45 (36.5-60.5) in HCQ, 43 (39.5-67.0) and 44.5 (25.3-51.3) in the control (P<0.042).At randomization, seven (7) participants were asymptomatic, thirty-three (33) had mild symptoms, eight (8) had moderate symptoms while three (3) had severe symptoms. The average day of conversion to negative COVID-19 was 15.5 days for CQ, 16 days for HCQ and 18 days for the control(P=0.036). CONCLUSION The safety assessment revealed no adverse effect of the drugs in COVID-19 patients after treatment. These findings proved that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are effective for the treatment of COVID-19 among hospitalized adults. It also confirmed that they are safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Aina
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A A Busari
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - D A Oladele
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C Esezobor
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I E Akase
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A P Okwuraiwe
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C O Okoyenta
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E Otrofanowei
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A B James
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T A Bamidele
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O B Olopade
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O Ajibaye
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Z Musa
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A O Salako
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O P Agabi
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A K Olakiigbe
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - P E Akintan
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O S Amoo
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - E Ima-Edomwonyi
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Y Raheem
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A N David
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - G O Akinbode
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - N Nmadu
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - K A Osuolale
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B Fadipe
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A Abiola
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T Tade
- Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - R A Audu
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - W L Adeyemo
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O C Ezechi
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C Bode
- College of Medicine of the University of Lagos /Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - B L Salako
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
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Chukwu EE, Musa AZ, Enwuru C, Ohihion A, Bamidele T, Olukosi A, Idigbe I, Osuolale KA, Gab-Okafor C, Salako A, David O, Otuonye N, David A, Toyosi R, Aina O, Adewale B, Odunukwe NN, Ezechi O, Audu RA, Salako BL. Determinants of Antimicrobial Use for Covid-19 Related Symptoms among Nigerians. West Afr J Med 2021; 38:213-221. [PMID: 33764727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial use plays a key role in development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Following the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the report of the first confirmed case in Nigeria, several states embarked on either a full or partial lockdown as a measure to prevent or curtail the spread of the virus with its attendant challenges. This survey was designed to provide a snapshot of public antimicrobial use and common perception related to antimicrobial use for COVID-19 related symptoms among Nigerian populace. METHODS We developed and tested a 29-question electronic questionnaire with Google forms asking respondents about their antimicrobial use and perceptions regarding appropriate antimicrobial use for real or perceived symptoms during the outbreak period. Respondents aged 18 years and above were recruited through crowd sourcing and they received the link to the survey tool through emails and social media including WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram. All data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. RESULTS A total of 410 responses were received from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria comprising 200 (48.8%) females and 210 (51.2%) males. Majority (62.9%) of the respondents had taken antimicrobials in the 3 months period preceding the survey, while less than half (46.8%) received prescription for it. Previous intake of antimicrobial for similar illness was a predictor of antimicrobial intake (OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.30-1.01). The most consumed antimicrobial was antimalarial drugs, specifically Artemisinin-based combination therapy (43.4%), followed by antibiotics [Ciprofloxacin (20.2%)]. CONCLUSION There was high levels of antimicrobial use for COVID-19 related symptoms by the Nigerian public. This is likely to escalate the already high prevalence of antimicrobial use previously reported and may further fuel the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Chukwu
- Microbiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A Z Musa
- Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - C Enwuru
- Microbiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A Ohihion
- Clinical Science Department of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - T Bamidele
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State,Nigeria
| | - A Olukosi
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - I Idigbe
- Clinical Science Department of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - K A Osuolale
- Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - C Gab-Okafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A Salako
- Clinical Science Department of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O David
- Clinical Science Department of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - N Otuonye
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A David
- Clinical Science Department of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - R Toyosi
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State,Nigeria
| | - O Aina
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - B Adewale
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - N N Odunukwe
- Clinical Science Department of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O Ezechi
- Clinical Science Department of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - R A Audu
- Microbiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - B L Salako
- Clinical Science Department of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Salako AO, Amoo OS, Odubela OO, Osuolale KA, James AB, Oladele DA, Musa AZ, Ige FA, Okwuraiwe AP, Onwuamah CK, Shaibu JO, David AN, Audu RA, Ezechi OC, Odunukwe NN, Salako BL. Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Seen at a Testing Centre in Lagos Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2021; 38:54-58. [PMID: 33463708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 infection continues to ravage the global community since it was declared a pandemic. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics defining the disease are mainly from Europe and Asia. The disease symptomatology is similar to the prevalent diseases in our environment, this could result in the delay in prompt identification and appropriate management of suspected cases toward combating community transmission. This study evaluates the prevalence, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of positive cases of COVID -19. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. Data on the socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and the results of the SARS-CoV-2 test of participants at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research [NIMR] Modified Drive-through Centre for COVID-19 test sample collection over two months [24th February 2020- 27th April 2020] were retrieved from the electronic medical records (EMR). Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS A total number of 481 clients were evaluated in this review. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population was 14.6%. The mean age of the positive cases was 42.2 [±15.9] years. The common symptoms reported by the positive cases were fever (40.0%), cough (32.9%), sore throat (17.1%) and running nose (15.7%). Fever depicted statistical significance with positive cases with the majority being of mild to moderate clinical severity. CONCLUSION The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among this cohort was 14.6% with a male preponderance. Fever and sore throat were the variables that predicted SARS CoV-2 infection among our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Salako
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O S Amoo
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O O Odubela
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - K A Osuolale
- Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A B James
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - D A Oladele
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A Z Musa
- Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - F A Ige
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A P Okwuraiwe
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - C K Onwuamah
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - J O Shaibu
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A N David
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - R A Audu
- Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O C Ezechi
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - N N Odunukwe
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - B L Salako
- Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria and College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Okwuzu JO, Odunukwe NN, Ezechi OC, Gbajabiamila TA, Musa AZ, Ezeobi PM, Oke BA, Somefun T, Okoye RN, Onyeitu CC, Adetunji MA, Otubanjo AO. Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in HIV/AIDS: Prevalence and Risk Factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/ajcem.v15i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Adeneye AK, Adewole TA, Musa AZ, Onwujekwe D, Odunukwe NN, Araoyinbo ID, Gbajabiamila TA, Ezeobi PM, Idigbe EO. Limitations to Access and Use of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Among HIV Positive Persons in Lagos, Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8:46-56. [PMID: 18277101 DOI: 10.12927/whp.2006.18134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to examine the knowledge and perception of HIV positive persons about the antiretroviral therapy (ART) program and to determine their ability to pay for ART and the treatment of other opportunistic infections in Nigeria. This is aimed at identifying factors that may impede effective delivery and utilization of ART in the country. One hundred and twenty-five HIV positive persons seeking ART at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) clinic, Lagos, were studied using questionnaires. Respondents' average monthly income was N11,253.00 (US$90.00). Almost 26% (25.6%) were unwilling to seek ART at the nearest hospital because of fear of stigmatization. While 9% wanted the therapy for free, the majority was willing to pay N500.00 (US$4.00) per month. The average affordable price based on the subjects' assessment was N905.00 (US$7.24), while the median was N500.00 (US$4.00) per month. Eighty-eight percent believed ART would prolong their lives. The ART drugs need to be affordable and building on the positive perceptions of ART is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Adeneye
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos
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Otuonye NM, Odunukwe NN, Idigbe EO, Imosemi OD, Smith SI, Chigbo RC, Bamidele M, Oparaugo CT, Mafe AG, Musa AZ. Aetiological agents of vaginitis in Nigerian women. Br J Biomed Sci 2007; 61:175-8. [PMID: 15649008 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2004.11732666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the identification of aetiological agents of vaginitis in Nigerian women. Study subjects are drawn from patients presenting with lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge and itching at the gynaecology clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital and at the Clinical Centre of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, between January 2001 and July 2002. A total of 250 patients gave informed consent to participate in the study. The patients also had pre- and post-test human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counselling. Each patient completed a questionnaire in order to provide biographical data, past clinical history and socio-economic background information. A cervical swab (CS) and a high-vaginal swab (HVS) were obtained from each patient. Swab samples were examined for pH and under light microscopy by Gram's stain and as wet preparations in 10% potassium hydroxide. Subsequently, samples were cultured on appropriate media at optimal conditions and a drug sensitivity profile for all isolates was determined by standard methods. Blood samples were screened and confirmed for HIV antibodies. Bacterial, fungal and parasitic pathogens were identified or isolated in samples from 241 (96.4%) of the women. Bacterial agents (Neisseria, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species) were predominant in 128 (51.2%) patients, followed by fungi in 108 (43.2%) and parasites (Trichomonas vaginalis) in five (2.0%). Sensitivity to ciprofloxacin was seen in 40% of Staphylococcus species and in 90% of Neisseria species. Positive HIV serology was seen in 25 (10%) of the 250 women studied, 20 (80%) of which had concurrent microbial infections. Overall, a broad spectrum of microbial agents were shown to be responsible for vaginitis in the group of patients studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Otuonye
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, P.M.B 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
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Audu RA, Salu OB, Musa AZ, Onyewuche J, Funso-Adebayo EO, Iroha EO, Ezeaka VC, Adetifa IMO, Okoeguale B, Idigbe EO. Estimation of the rate of mother to child transmission of HIV in Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci 2006; 35:121-4. [PMID: 17209305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Definitive diagnosis of HIV infection in infants < 18 months of age who were born to HIV-infected mothers is still posing some difficulty in Nigeria and other developing countries. Within this age definitive diagnosis can only be carried out by antigen based techniques which are indeed not available in these developing countries. This has resulted in the absence of authoritative data on the rate of mother-to-child transmission in these countries. Nigeria inclusive. The present pilot study was therefore carried out to generate some information on the rate of mother to child transmission in Nigeria using the PCR technique. Plasma samples were obtained from 68 children of both sexes less than 18 months of age and who were born to HIV infected mothers. The samples were collected from two pediatric departments. in Lagos and in Benin. The presence of HIV 1 RNA in each of the samples. was determined using the Amplicor Monitor V 1.5 technique (Roche Diagnostics). Data showed that HIV-1 RNA was detected in 15 of the 68 samples tested. This gave an HIV-1 RNA detection rate of 22%. Among women who had some intervention, the rate of transmission of infection was 11% while the rate among those without intervention was 30%. The 22% transmission rate recorded in this study is close to the range of 25 to 35% that has been reported in several developed and a few developing countries. A multicenter nationwide study will still be needed to determine the national mother to child transmission rate in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Audu
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research. PMB 2013, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
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