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Ezechi OC, Akinsolu FT, Gbajabiamila TA, Idigbe IE, Ezeobi PM, Musa AZ, Wapmuk AE. Sexual dysfunction among Nigerian women living with HIV infection. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292294. [PMID: 38635555 PMCID: PMC11025868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual dysfunction in women with HIV is a necessary but understudied aspect of HIV complications in women living with HIV. This study reports the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors for sexual dysfunction in women living with HIV in southwest Nigeria. METHODS A validated Female Sexual Function Index was used to determine sexual dysfunction in a cross-sectional study design involving 2926 adult women living with HIV in a large, publicly funded tertiary HIV treatment centre in Lagos, Nigeria. A score of less than 26.5 indicated sexual dysfunction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for sexual dysfunction. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant at a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 71.4%. The types of dysfunctions detected included disorder of desire (76.8%), sexual arousal (66.0%), orgasm (50.0%), pain (47.2%), lubrication (47.2%), and satisfaction (38.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that menopause (aOR: 2.0; 1.4-4.1), PHQ score of 10 and above (aOR: 2.3; 1.7-3.2), co-morbid medical conditions (aOR: 1.8; 1.4-2.7), use of protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy (aOR: 1.3; 1.2-2.1) and non-disclosure of HIV status (aOR: 0.7; 0.6-0.8) were factors associated with sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Sexual dysfunction is common among Nigerian women living with HIV. Menopause, use of protease inhibitor-based regimens, PHQ score of at least 10, co-morbid medical condition, and non-disclosure of HIV status were associated with sexual dysfunction. National HIV programmes, in addition to incorporating screening and management of sexual dysfunction in the guidelines, should sensitise and train health workers on the detection and treatment of sexual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Folahanmi Tomiwa Akinsolu
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Tititola Abike Gbajabiamila
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Eugenia Idigbe
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Paschal Mbanefo Ezeobi
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Zadiat Musa
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical and Health Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Agatha Eileen Wapmuk
- Center for Reproduction and Population Health Studies, Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Ezechi OC, Ohihoin GA, Oladele DA, Bamidele TA, Gbajabiamila TA, Salako AO, Musa ZA, Ohihoin E, Odubela OO, Gab-Okafor CV, Ezeobi PM, David AN, Odunukwe NN, Salako BL. Intimate Partner Violence and Risk Factors among Women during the COVID-19 Movement Restriction in Nigeria: An Online Survey. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:654-662. [PMID: 37390493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the absence of treatment or the presence of vaccines is forcing nations to respond with strong preventive measures ranging from mitigation, containment, and in extreme cases, quarantines. While these measures are a useful measure of infection control, they can lead to significant social, economic, and psychological consequences. This study sought to establish the prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 movement restriction in Nigeria among girls and women. METHODS An online-based questionnaire survey using Google Forms was conducted over four weeks among girls and women aged 15 years and above. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, and logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for IPV experience during the lockdown. RESULTS Overall, 32.8% of respondents reported ever experiencing IPV, and 42.5% experienced IPV during the lockdown. Verbal (35.1%) and psychological (24.1%) violence were the commonest forms of violence in the study. There was considerable overlap between the various forms of IPV in the study. Age less than 35 years (aOR = 1.3; CI = 1.2 - 1.4), resident in the northeast region (aOR=1.6; CI=1.41.9), alcohol (aOR=1.3;CI=1.2-1.5) and substance (aOR = 1.5; CI = 1.3 - 1.8) use, average family monthly income < $100 (aOR = 1.4;CI=1.2 - 1.5), daily or weekly income (aOR = 2.7; CI = 2.5-3.1) had an increased association with IPV during the lockdown, residency in the southeast region had lower odds of experiencing IPV (aOR=.0.5; CI = 0.3-0.8). CONCLUSION The reported lockdown prevalence of IPV was 42.8%, with verbal and psychological violence being the most prevalent form of IPV. Age less than 35 years, resident in northeast and southeast, use of alcohol or substances, average family monthly income < $100, and partner being a daily-weekly earner was associated with IPV experience. Policymakers in the future should consider the consequences, including IPV, before issuing such an order.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C Ezechi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - G A Ohihoin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - D A Oladele
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - T A Bamidele
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - T A Gbajabiamila
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - A O Salako
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - Z A Musa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - E Ohihoin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - O O Odubela
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - C V Gab-Okafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - P M Ezeobi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - A N David
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - N N Odunukwe
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria. Phone: +2348033065683
| | - B L Salako
- Director General's Office, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Ezechi OC, Adesolamusa Z, David AN, Wapmuk AE, Gbajabiamila TA, Eugeniaidigbe I, Ezeobi PM, Ohihoin AG, Ujah IAO. Trends and patterns of sexual assaults in Lagos south-western Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 24:261. [PMID: 27800114 PMCID: PMC5075452 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.24.261.9172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual assault is a severely traumatic experience that disproportionally affects women and girls. Yet there is limited information on the subject in our environment. This study was conducted to determine the trend and pattern of sexual assault among Nigerians. METHODS A retrospective study of sexual assault victims managed at a large clinic in south west Nigeria. Victims were identified from the programme data base and case files retrieved from medical records department. Relevant information was extracted and managed with SPSS for windows version 19. RESULTS Steady increase in the proportion of reported cases of sexual violence over the years (P < 0.0001) was observed. Sexual assaults were recorded among the males (6.1%), although female victims were in the majority (93.9%). Sexual assault was found to be higher in person's <20 years and the unmarried. Most sexual assault occurred during the day time. Assailants were mostly persons known to the victim (52.0%) and the assault occurred mostly in the assailants' house or office (48.5%). Sexual assault through vaginal route only (87.2%) was the most common route of sexual assault. Threat of violence (31.1%) and physical force (29.6%) was the common methods for overcoming the victims. Follow up was completed by 75.0% of the victims. CONCLUSION Sexual assault is common in our environment, with increasing prevalence and change in pattern. Young persons aged less than 20 years constitutes the majority of victims and assailants were mostly persons known to them. The current public education on the evils of sexual violence should be intensified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaidat Adesolamusa
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Agatha Nkiru David
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Agatha Eileen Wapmuk
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Ifeoma Eugeniaidigbe
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Aigbe Greg Ohihoin
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos, Nigeria
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Okwuzu JO, Odunukwe NN, Ezechi OC, Gbajabiamila TA, Musa AZ, Ezeobi PM, Oke BA, Somefun T, Okoye RN, Onyeitu CC, Adetunji MA, Otubanjo AO. Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in HIV/AIDS: Prevalence and Risk Factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/ajcem.v15i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ezechi OC, Kalejaiye OO, Gab-Okafor CV, Oladele DA, Oke BO, Musa ZA, Ekama SO, Ohwodo H, Agahowa E, Gbajabiamilla T, Ezeobi PM, Okwuraiwe A, Audu R RA, Okoye RN, David AN, Odunukwe NN, Onwujekwe DI, Ujah IA. Sero-prevalence and factors associated with Hepatitis B and C co-infection in pregnant Nigerian women living with HIV infection. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 17:197. [PMID: 25396023 PMCID: PMC4229000 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.197.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Perinatal and horizontal transmission of Hepatitis B occur in areas of high endemicity as most infections are acquired in the first 5 years of life. Unless Hepatitis B and C infected pregnant women identified, and appropriate treatment provided, children born to these women are at high risk of chronic Hepatitis B (and C) virus infection. The objecive of this study was to determined the prevalence and the factors associated with Hepatitis B and C Virus infection in pregnant HIV positive Nigerians. Methods A cross sectional study among HIV Positive pregnant women seen at a large PMTCT clinic in Lagos Nigeria. The women were screened for Hepatitis B and C Virus infection at enrollment. HIV viral load, CD4 count, liver transaminases and hemoglobin levels were also determined. Data were managed with SPSS for windows version. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutions Ethical Review Board. Results Of the 2391 studied subjects, 101(4.2%) and 37(1.5%) respectively were seropositive for Hepatitis B and C Virus infection. Twowomen (0. 08%) had triple infections. blood transfusion, (cOR: 2.3; 95% CI:1.1 - 4.6), history of induced abortion (cOR:2. 2;95% CI:1.3 - 3.6), and elevated baseline ALT (cOR:2. 2; 95%CI:2. 2;4.2) were significantly associated with HBV. History of induced abortion was the only factor found to be associated with HIV/ HCV (cOR: 1.9;95%CI:1. 3-3.9). Conclusion Hepatitis B Virus infection (4.2%) is relatively common in our environment and associated with induced abortion, blood transfusion and elevated baseline transaminase. Hepatitis C Virus infection (1.5%) is less common and associated with only history of induced abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Ayola Oladele
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria
| | - Bamidele Oludare Oke
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria
| | - Zaidat Adesola Musa
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria
| | - Sabdat Ozichu Ekama
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria
| | - Harry Ohwodo
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria
| | - Endurance Agahowa
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria
| | | | | | - Azuka Okwuraiwe
- Human Virology Laboratory, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria
| | - Rosemary Ajuma Audu R
- Human Virology Laboratory, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria
| | - Rosemary Nwakaego Okoye
- HIV Counseling and Testing Centre, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria
| | - Agatha Nkiru David
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria
| | | | - Dan Ifeanyi Onwujekwe
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria
| | - Innocent Achanya Ujah
- Clinical Sciences Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba Lagos Nigeria
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Adeneye AK, Adewole TA, Musa AZ, Onwujekwe D, Odunukwe NN, Araoyinbo ID, Gbajabiamila TA, Ezeobi PM, Idigbe EO. Limitations to Access and Use of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Among HIV Positive Persons in Lagos, Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8:46-56. [PMID: 18277101 DOI: 10.12927/whp.2006.18134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to examine the knowledge and perception of HIV positive persons about the antiretroviral therapy (ART) program and to determine their ability to pay for ART and the treatment of other opportunistic infections in Nigeria. This is aimed at identifying factors that may impede effective delivery and utilization of ART in the country. One hundred and twenty-five HIV positive persons seeking ART at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) clinic, Lagos, were studied using questionnaires. Respondents' average monthly income was N11,253.00 (US$90.00). Almost 26% (25.6%) were unwilling to seek ART at the nearest hospital because of fear of stigmatization. While 9% wanted the therapy for free, the majority was willing to pay N500.00 (US$4.00) per month. The average affordable price based on the subjects' assessment was N905.00 (US$7.24), while the median was N500.00 (US$4.00) per month. Eighty-eight percent believed ART would prolong their lives. The ART drugs need to be affordable and building on the positive perceptions of ART is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Adeneye
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos
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Okogbo FO, Ezechi OC, Loto OM, Ezeobi PM. Uterine Leiomyomata in South Western Nigeria: a clinical study of presentations and management outcome. Afr Health Sci 2011; 11:271-8. [PMID: 21857861 PMCID: PMC3158515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine leiomyoma is remarkably common, however only a subset of women have their fibroids clinically detected, symptomatic, or warrant surgical treatment. Its removal is commonly associated with complications. To prevent or control the occurrence of this complication requires the understanding of the factors associated with the complications. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, management outcome and its determinants in southwestern Nigeria. METHODS Study was carried out at two large tertiary hospitals in the south west region of Nigeria. Retrospective review of case records of all surgically managed cases of uterine leiomyoma over a period of 25 years. One hundred and fifty nine women with uterine leiomyoma seen and managed surgically in South-Western Nigeria were the participants. RESULTS The common presenting complaints were menstrual irregularities (47.7%), abdominal swelling (39.1%) and infertility (31.9%). The average uterine size at presentation was 15±9.7 weeks. The majority (79.9%) of the women presented with multiple leiomyomata. The commonest anatomical position of the nodules were multiple positions and intramural in 707(60.9%) and 172(14.8%) respectively. Myomectomy was performed in 54.7% of cases. Postoperative complications occurred in 20.9 % of cases with postoperative pyrexia (13.5%), blood loss warranting transfusion (12.8%) and postoperative anaemia (10.4%) been the most common complications. CONCLUSION Uterine fibroid is common in our environment and its removal is commonly associated with post-operative pyrexia, blood loss, and anaemia and wound infection. Midline incision, closure of rectus sheet with chromic catgut and myomectomy were associated with postoperative complications in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- F O Okogbo
- Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria
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Ezechi OC, Ezeobi PM, Nwokoro CA. Ovulation Induction, Pregnancy and Delivery in a Patient with Partial Hypopituitarism due to Lymphocystic Hypophysitis: A Case Report. Nepal j obstet gynaecol 1970. [DOI: 10.3126/njog.v3i1.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocystic hypophysitis is an unusual autoimmune disease that causes partial or total hypopituitarism and often associated with chronic anovulation. We report a case of ovulation induction, uneventful pregnancy and vaginal delivery in one of our patient with lymphocystic hypophysitis. Key words: Lymphocystic hypophysitis, chronic anovulation and ovulation induction. doi:10.3126/njog.v3i1.1440 NJOG 2008 May-June; 3(1): 46 - 48
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Ezechi OC, Loto OM, Ndububa VI, Okogbo FO, Ezeobi PM, Nwokoro CA. Caesarean Section and Perinatal Mortality in South Western Nigeria. Nepal j obstet gynaecol 1970. [DOI: 10.3126/njog.v4i1.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Caesarean section carries a substantial hazard to the unborn fetus, especially if done as an emergencyprocedure. In our environment fetal loss following a caesarean delivery is usually attributed to the procedureby patients and relations who do not readily accept caesarean section as a delivery option.Method: A 10 year descriptive study of caesarean section related perinatal mortality in four tertiary hospitalsin South western Nigeria.Results: Nineteen thousand one hundred and seventy nine deliveries were conducted in the hospitalsduring the study period; five thousand one hundred and ninety five (27.1 %) of which were caesareandeliveries. Two hundred and thirty five of the caesarean deliveries were associated with perinatal death (6.9%.). Majority of these deaths were among the unbooked (73.8%), multiparous (69.0 %) patients and emergencycaesarean delivery (83.4%). Prolonged/ obstructed labour (45.4%), preeclampsia/eclampsia (18.8%) andfetal distress (11.5%), were the commonest indication for caesarean deliveries. While majority of the perinataldeath were still born (60.3%), (39.7%) were early neonatal deaths. The common causes of early neonataldeath in these patients were severe birth asphyxia (37.4 %), neonatal sepsis (22.0%) and prematurity (16.4%).Conclusion: The cause of perinatal mortality associated with caesarean delivery in our environment arepreventable with public enlightenment, provision of affordable and accessible prenatal and neonatal care,discipline, behavioural and attitudinal change of health workers, and the political will on the part of policymakers to maternal and child health delivery care more effective.DOI: 10.3126/njog.v4i1.3332Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology June-July 2009; 4(1): 46-48
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Ezechi OC, Kalu BKE, Loto OM, Ezeobi PM, Nwokoro CA. Obstetric performance in elderly Nigerian women: A comparative study. Nepal j obstet gynaecol 1970. [DOI: 10.3126/njog.v2i1.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To study the obstetric outcome in Nigerian women aged 35 years and above while comparing them with younger women matched for parity, socioeconomic class and body mass index. Method: A cohort of 132 pregnant women aged 35 years and above with another 269 pregnant women aged 20-25 years matched for parity, socioeconomic class and body mass index seen at the obstetric unit of a multidisciplinary proprietary hospital in Lagos Nigeria. Results: There were statistically significant difference between the two group in incidence of chronic hypertension (P = 0.02), gestational diabetes (P = 0.05), symptomatic fibroid (P = 0.01), frequent hospitalisation (P = 0.007), caesarean section (P = 0.005), operative vaginal delivery (P = 0.042), Induction of labour (P = 0.024) premature delivery (P = 0.001), low birth weight (P = 0.021) and congenital abnormality but not in Preeclampsia, malpresentation, obstetric haemorrhage, wound infection and multiple pregnancy . Conclusion: This study demonstrated that women at 35 years and above are high-risk group and should be closely supervised during pregnancy. Keywords: Elderly, Nigerians, obstetric performance doi:10.3126/njog.v2i1.1468 N. J. Obstet. Gynaecol Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 9 - 12 May -June 2007
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