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Quintana I, Norris D, Valerio A, Becker FG, Gibbs JP, Michalski F. Nest removal by humans creates an evolutionary trap for Amazonian freshwater turtles. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Quintana
- Ecology Department Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - D. Norris
- School of Environmental Sciences Federal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
- Postgraduate Programme in Tropical BiodiversityFederal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group Federal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
| | - A. Valerio
- Postgraduate Programme in Tropical BiodiversityFederal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group Federal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
| | - F. G. Becker
- Ecology Department Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - J. P. Gibbs
- Department of Forest and Environmental Biology State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY USA
| | - F. Michalski
- Postgraduate Programme in Tropical BiodiversityFederal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
- Ecology and Conservation of Amazonian Vertebrates Research Group Federal University of Amapá Macapá Brazil
- Instituto Pró‐Carnívoros Atibaia, São Paulo Brazil
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Demartini Z, Gatto LAM, da Rocha TC, Maeda AK, Valerio A, Koppe GL, Francisco AN. Is the Mayfield Head Holder Obligatory for Intracranial Aneurysm Clipping? Pediatr Neurosurg 2018; 53:360-363. [PMID: 30145594 DOI: 10.1159/000491825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm surgery is commonly performed using pinned head holders, which pose a higher risk for the pediatric population. Several authors recommend avoiding the use of this device when it is not strictly necessary, and this is currently possible considering advances in anesthesiology and monitoring. As the literature on microsurgery without skull clamp use is scant, we report the case of a 15-year-old boy presenting with a subarachnoid hemorrhage after rupture of a middle cerebral artery aneurysm. Surgical treatment was performed with the head resting on a gel cushion horseshoe; aneurysm clipping was achieved without wakefulness or awareness and the patient had a good recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeferino Demartini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cajuru University Hospital, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Luana Antunes Maranha Gatto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cajuru University Hospital, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Valerio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gelson Luis Koppe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Pequeno Principe and Hospital Vita Curitiba, Curitiba, Brazil
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Civardi G, Zucco F, Valerio A, Fontanella A, Alessandri M, Ciannamea CD, Perale L, Gussoni G, Bonizzoni E, Vescovo G, Agnelli G, Campanini M, Mazzone A, Nozzoli C. Pain management in internal medicine and effects of a standardised educational intervention: the FADOI-DOMINO study. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69:33-40. [PMID: 25283604 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Few real-world data are available on the frequency and management of pain in Internal Medicine (IM). Aims of our study were to assess the prevalence of pain in IM, and to evaluate the effects on pain management of a standardised educational programme. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed in 26 IM Units in Italy, with two cross-sectional surveys (PRE phase and POST phase) interspersed with an educational programme. In PRE phase each Centre reviewed the hospital charts of the last 100 consecutive patients hospitalised for any cause. An educational programme was conducted in each Centre by means of the 'outreach visit', a face-to-face meeting between health personnel and a trained external expert. Six months after, each Centre repeated the data collection (POST phase), specular to the PRE. RESULTS A total of 5200 medical charts were analysed. Pain was documented in 37.5% of the patients. After the educational intervention, the intensity of pain was appropriately assessed in a higher percentage of patients (77.4% vs. 47.8%, p = 0.0001), and it was more frequently monitored during hospitalisation. Qualitative definition of pain (pathogenesis, duration, etc.) increased in POST phase (75.4% vs. 62.7%, p = 0.0001). A 73.3% increase in the use of strong opioids was detected following educational programme. CONCLUSIONS Pain affects 4 out of 10 patients hospitalised in IM. According to our large real-world study, to implement a standardised one-shot educational programme may persistently improve the attitude of health personnel towards the characterisation and management of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Civardi
- Internal Medicine, Hospital of Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Piacenza, Italy
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Avola N, Guzzardi S, Spadaro D, Marletta E, Valerio A, Regolo S, Sgarlata D. DI-008 Human Papillomavirus vaccine safety: adverse events reports in Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Siracusa, Italy. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000436.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Avola N, Guzzardi S, Spadaro D, Marletta E, Valerio A, Regolo S, Sgarlata D. DI-010 The importance of reporting lack of therapeutic response: the olanzapine case in the Syracuse Provincial Health Authority, Italy. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000436.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Sgarlata D, Guzzardi S, Avola N, Valerio A, Spadaro D, Marletta E, Regolo S, Cacciaguerra G. DI-009 Health literacy to prevent adverse drug events: cetuximab dermatological toxicity. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000436.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Marletta E, Spadaro D, Sgarlata D, Guzzardi S, Avola N, Regolo S, Valerio A, Cacciaguerra G. DI-057 Biological treatment and psoriasis: the correlation between clinical efficacy and therapeutic adherence. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000436.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Lunghi L, Pavan B, Biondi C, Paolillo R, Valerio A, Vesce F, Patella A. Use of glucocorticoids in pregnancy. Curr Pharm Des 2011; 16:3616-37. [PMID: 20977425 DOI: 10.2174/138161210793797898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For many years glucocorticoids have been used world-wide in pregnant women for treatment of a variety of medical disorders, from bronchial asthma to systemic lupus erythematosous, to renal transplant. More recently their administration has been successfully addressed to the prevention of congenital fetal diseases. In some of these, such as for instance the 21-hydroxylase deficiency leading to congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the pathogenic mechanism is well known, while in others, such as the cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung, it is not yet understood. Besides these types of diseases, there are acquired inflammatory conditions impairing the physiologic evolution of pregnancy that benefit from glucocorticoid administration. This is the case in recurrent miscarriage due to increased concentration of decidual Natural Killer cells, as well as in the Romero's syndrome, leading to premature parturition and related life threatening fetal complications. However, in spite of its prominent efficacy, the therapy is generally viewed with some suspicion because of possible fetal and maternal adverse effects. With the aim to contribute to a better knowledge of the basic mechanisms of glucocorticoid protection, we reviewed the regulation of their trans-placental passage, their biological effects on gestational environment, their possible 'programming' and teratogenic action, and their accepted use for prevention and cure of pregnancy complications. We believe that a more qualified and liberal use of these compounds will lead in many cases to a significant improvement of fetal and maternal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lunghi
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Valerio
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università di Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - A. Tallarico
- Dipartimento di Geologia e Geofisica; Università di Bari; Bari Italy
| | - M. Dragoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica; Università di Bologna; Bologna Italy
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10
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Alberici A, Bocchio L, Geroldi C, Zanardini R, Bonomini C, Bugari G, Iacobello C, Caimi L, Gennarelli M, Zanetti O, Valerio A, Nisoli E, Borroni B, Padovani A. Serum leptin levels are higher in females affected by frontotemporal lobar degeneration than Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79:712-5. [PMID: 18245138 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.137026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) includes different heterogeneous conditions, mainly characterised by personality changes, along with cognitive deficits in language and executive functions. Movement disorders are variably represented. Behavioural disturbances constitute the core feature of FTLD, and eating disorders represent one of the most distinguishing symptoms between FTLD and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biochemical correlates of such dysfunctions remain to be defined. The adipocyte derived hormone leptin is known to play a foundamental role in food intake and energy balance. To understand whether leptin could be involved in FTLD eating abnormalities, we measured serum leptin levels in 59 patients with FTLD compared with 25 with AD. Serum leptin levels in patients with FTLD were comparable with those in patients with AD. Nevertheless, females with FTLD showed significantly higher leptin levels compared with females with AD. No difference was found between FTDL and AD males or within the spectrum of patients with FTLD. Hyperphagic FTLD females showed higher circulating leptin levels in comparison with those without eating abnormalities; no differences were found between males with FTLD with respect to serum leptin and food intake disturbances. The present study showed a selective gender difference in leptin levels between females with FTLD and AD, which may suggest specific cognitive and behavioural networks need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alberici
- Department of Neurology, Brescia University, P.zzale Spedali Civili 1, 25100 Brescia, Italy.
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Sarnico I, Boroni F, Benarese M, Alghisi M, Valerio A, Battistin L, Spano P, Pizzi M. Targeting IKK2 by pharmacological inhibitor AS602868 prevents excitotoxic injury to neurons and oligodendrocytes. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2008; 115:693-701. [PMID: 18197358 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-007-0016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Among the diverse mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of post-ischemic and post-traumatic injuries, excitotoxicity and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation through induction of IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex have a primary role. We investigated the effects of the selective inhibitor of the IKK2 subunit, the anilinopyrimidine derivative AS602868, on excitotoxic injury produced in rat organotypic hippocampal slices and cerebellar primary neurons. Brief exposure to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induces astrocyte reactivity, neuron cell death and oligodendrocyte degeneration in hippocampal slices. Application of AS602868 elicited a long-lasting protection of both neurons and oligodendrocytes. Maximal effect was observed with prolonged application of the compound after NMDA exposure. Neuroprotection was also evident in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells starting from 20 nM concentration. AS602868-elicited neuroprotection correlated with inhibition of NF-kappaB activity. Our results suggest that AS602868 may prove to be a valuable approach in treating neurodegeneration and demyelination associated with cerebral trauma and ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sarnico
- Division of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Valerio A, Cardile A, Cozzi V, Bracale R, Tedesco L, Pisconti A, Palomba L, Cantoni O, Clementi E, Moncada S, Carruba MO, Nisoli E. TNF- downregulates eNOS expression and mitochondrial biogenesis in fat and muscle of obese rodents. J Clin Invest 2006. [DOI: 10.1172/jci28570.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Nisoli E, Cardile A, Bulbarelli A, Tedesco L, Bracale R, Cozzi V, Morroni M, Cinti S, Valerio A, Carruba MO. White adipocytes are less prone to apoptotic stimuli than brown adipocytes in rodent. Cell Death Differ 2006; 13:2154-6. [PMID: 16691210 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Brizzi A, Greco F, Malvasi A, Valerio A, Martino V. Comparison of sequential combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Minerva Anestesiol 2005; 71:701-9. [PMID: 16278629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of our study was to prove that by using sequential combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthesia it is possible to overcome the limits connected to the use of spinal anesthesia (SA) alone for elective cesarean section. METHODS We examined 100 women submitted to cesarean section; SA was administered to 50 patients and sequential CSE technique to the other 50. In every woman before execution of the anesthesia we infused 500 mL of a plasma expander and a previous administration of 5 mg of ephedrine. The CSE was executed at the L1-L2 intervertebral space, administering in spinal anesthesia 5 mg of levobupivacaine with 5 _g of sufentanil, and in peridural anesthesia 10-12 mL of levobupivacaine 0.25% according to the patient's height. The peridural catheter for postoperative analgesia was then positioned. In the group of women submitted only to SA, 7.5-8 mg of levobupivacaine was injected, according to the patient's height, in the L1-L2 intervertebral space, with 5 _g of sufentanil. We considered the following adverse effects: hypotension; bradycardia; vomiting; intraoperative discomfort and motor block. RESULTS The results obtained showed that, with a P < or = 0.05, the incidence of motor block (P < 0.001), discomfort (P < 0.001) and hypotension (P = 0.021) in the SA group is greater than in the CSE group. The difference in the incidence of vomiting (P = 0.147) and bradycardia (P = 0.067) between the 2 groups is not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS In our opinion sequential CSE can be considered an important step forward in the regional anesthesia used for elective cesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brizzi
- Unit of Obstetric Anesthesia, Casa di Cura S.Maria, Bari, Italy.
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Abstract
O artigo retrata exemplos de mulheres e místicas que leram a Bíblia de uma forma nova e diferente de como a secular tradição masculina fez. Elas conseguiram reinterpretar sua experiência de fé com palavras originais e manifestam uma subjetividade cheia de dúvidas expressa sabiamente pelo uso da ironia. São elas: Domenica Narducci da Paradiso (+1553), que comenta com grande coragem a famosa proibição paulina "As mulheres calem em assembléia" (1Cor 14,34); Arcangela Tarabotti (+1652), que sem temor denuncia o escândalo dos enclausuramentos forçados; Sarah Grimké (+1873), que leva adiante uma leitura emancipacionista e igualitária das Sagradas Escrituras; Elisa Salerno (+1957), que encontra na má interpretação da Bíblia os fundamentos da exclusão feminina e acusa a Igreja Católica de "heresia antifeminista". O rastro de pensadoras nunca se exauriu e retoma vigor nos dias atuais com os estudos e as reflexões de teólogas que impulsionam suas igrejas a buscar novos modos de viver a igualdade e a diversidade, com o intuito de reconhecer na diversidade um valor imprescindível para a fé no Deus Uno e Trino.
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Basso D, Millino C, Greco E, Romualdi C, Fogar P, Valerio A, Bellin M, Zambon CF, Navaglia F, Dussini N, Avogaro A, Pedrazzoli S, Lanfranchi G, Plebani M. Altered glucose metabolism and proteolysis in pancreatic cancer cell conditioned myoblasts: searching for a gene expression pattern with a microarray analysis of 5000 skeletal muscle genes. Gut 2004; 53:1159-66. [PMID: 15247186 PMCID: PMC1774152 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.024471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We verified whether conditioned media (CM) from pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIAPaCa2, CAPAN-1, PANC-1, BxPC3) alter glucose metabolism and gene expression profiles (microarray experiment with a platform of 5000 skeletal muscle cDNA) in mice myoblasts. METHODS Myoblasts were incubated with control or pancreatic cancer CM for 24 and 48 hours. RESULTS Lactate significantly increased in CM compared with non-conditioned myoblasts. No variations in expression levels of the main genes involved in glycolysis were found in CM myoblasts. Propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase and isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 beta genes, which encode enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were overexpressed, while IGFIIR and VAMP5 genes were underexpressed in CM myoblasts. PAFAH1B1 and BCL-2 genes (intracellular signal transduction) and the serine protease cathepsin G (proteolysis), were overexpressed in CM myoblasts. Tyrosine accumulation in CM myoblasts suggested that proteolysis overcomes protein synthesis. Sorcin, actin alpha, troponin T1, and filamin A were underexpressed in CM myoblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that pancreatic cancer cell conditioned media enhanced lactate production and induced proteolysis, possibly by altering expression levels of a large number of genes, not only those involved in protein biosynthesis and degradation or glucose metabolism, but also those involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and in vesicle traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Basso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
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Atzori C, Clerici M, Fantoni G, Valerio A, Trabattoni D, Cargnel A. PCP occurring in HIV patients under HAART: assessment of specific immunity against P. carinii. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2002; Suppl:152S. [PMID: 11906037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Atzori
- II Department of Infectious Diseases, L. Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy.
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Macagno A, Atzori C, Fantoni B, Valerio A, Cargnel A, Groettrup M. Pneumocystis carinii does not induce maturation of human dendritic cells. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2002; Suppl:167S-168S. [PMID: 11906047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Macagno
- Research Department, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, Kantonsspital, Switzerland
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Atzori C, Valerio A, Fantoni G, Drago L, Gismondo MR, Cargnel A. Pneumocystis carinii ITS typing: doubtful evidence of genotype-related virulence. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2002; Suppl:147S. [PMID: 11906034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Atzori
- II Department of Infectious Diseases, L. Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy.
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Vesce F, Scapoli C, Giovannini G, Tralli L, Gotti G, Valerio A, Piffanelli A. Cytokine imbalance in pregnancies with fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Hum Reprod 2002; 17:803-8. [PMID: 11870140 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/17.3.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to investigate the levels of some of the cytokines which may be involved in the mechanisms leading to the impairment of placental perfusion and to the onset of uterine contractions in pregnancies with fetal genetic abnormalities compared with controls. METHODS The amniotic fluid and maternal plasma levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumour necrosis factor-beta in patients with fetal chromosomal abnormalities were measured, as well as in euploid pregnancies in the seventh week of gestation. RESULTS An increase of interleukin-6 (P = 0.034) and a decrease of interleukin-8 (P < or =0.0001) in amniotic fluid, and a decrease of interleukin-6 in the maternal plasma (P = 0.026) was shown in pregnancies with fetal chromosomal abnormalities. A positive correlation was observed between amniotic interleukin-8 and serum interleukin-6 in the presence of fetal aneuploidy (P < 0.006). CONCLUSION Further investigations of cytokine imbalance in pregnancies with poor outcome as a consequence of genetic disorders rather than infection is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vesce
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapy, Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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Valerio A, Zoppi N, Ferraboli S, Paterlini M, Ferrario M, Barlati S, Spano P. Alternative splicing of mGlu6 gene generates a truncated glutamate receptor in rat retina. Neuroreport 2001; 12:2711-5. [PMID: 11522953 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200108280-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel splice variant of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 6 (mGlu6 receptor) was identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequence analysis of rat retina cDNA. The new rat receptor isoform (mGlu6b receptor) is characterized by an additional exon of 88 nucleotides containing an inframe stop codon, thus predicting the expression of a truncated protein of 508 amino acids. In situ hybridization reveals mGlu6b receptor mRNA to be predominantly expressed in the outer part of the inner nuclear layer of rat retina, containing ON-bipolar cells. The mGlu6b protein would comprise the extracellular domain of the receptor containing the ligand-binding site, but would lack the transmembrane and intracellular portions, thus possibly acting as a retinal soluble receptor for glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valerio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Brescia University Medical School, Via Valsabbina 19, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Bruttomesso D, Fongher C, Silvestri B, Barberio S, Marescotti MC, Iori E, Valerio A, Crazzolara D, Pianta A, Tiengo A, Del Prato S. Combination of continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin and octreotide in Type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001; 51:97-105. [PMID: 11165689 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(00)00210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of 7 day continuous subcutaneous infusion of octreotide (200 microg day(-1)) was evaluated in seven insulin-pump treated Type 1 diabetic patients (age 43+/-1.5 year; BMI 25.1+/-0.7 kg m(-2); HbA(1c) 7.4+/-0.3%). A 24-h metabolic and hormonal profile, and a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg kg(-1) min(-1)), with [3H]glucose infusion and indirect calorimetry, were performed before and after a 7-day octreotide infusion. Mean 24-h plasma glucose was similar before and after octreotide (9.7+/-0.8 vs. 9.1+/-1.0 mmol l(-1)) but insulin requirement dropped by 45% (49+/-4 vs. 27+/-2 U day(-1); P<0.01). Both 24-h plasma hGH and glucagon were suppressed by octreotide (1.85+/-0.35 vs. 0.52+/-0.04 microg l(-1), and 117+/-23 vs. 102+/-14 ng l(-1), respectively). Glucose utilisation increased after octreotide (insulin 0.5 mU kg(-1) min(-1) clamp 3.09+/-0.23 vs. 4.19+/-0.19 mg kg(-1) min(-1); 1 mU kg(-1) min(-1) clamp 5.64+/-0.61 vs. 7.93+/-0.57 mg kg(-1) min(-1); both P<0.05) and endogenous glucose production was similarly suppressed. Glucose oxidation was not affected by octreotide, while the improvement in glucose storage (insulin 1.0 mU kg(-1) min(-1) clamp 3.89+/-0.60 vs. 5.64+/-0.67 mg kg(-1) min(-1), P<0.05) entirely accounted for the increase in glucose disposal. Endogenous glucose production was more effectively suppressed at the two lower insulin infusion rates (P>0.05). Energy expenditure declined after octreotide. Continuous subcutaneous octreotide infusion suppresses counterregulatory hormones, increases insulin-mediated glucose metabolism by enhancing glucose storage, and reduces energy expenditure. These results support a role for counterregulatory hormones in the genesis of insulin resistance and the catabolic state of Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bruttomesso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cattedra di Malattie del Metabolismo, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
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Valerio A, Ferraboli S, Paterlini M, Spano P, Barlati S. Identification of novel alternatively-spliced mRNA isoforms of metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 gene in rat and human retina. Gene 2001; 262:99-106. [PMID: 11179672 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Novel splice variants of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 6 (mGlu6 receptor) were identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification and sequence analysis of rat and human retina cDNAs. The new rat mGlu6 receptor mRNA isoform is characterized by an additional exon of 88 nucleotides containing an in frame stop codon, thus predicting the expression of a truncated protein of 508 amino acids. The human retina was found to express two different mGlu6 receptor mRNA variants: one lacking 97 nucleotides from exon 6, the other including five nucleotides of intron 5. These mRNAs would encode truncated receptors of 425 and 405 amino acids, respectively. Both in rats and in humans, the truncated mGlu6 receptor proteins would comprise the extracellular domain but lack the transmembrane and intracellular portion of the receptor, thus possibly acting as retinal soluble receptors for glutamate. Though generated by different patterns of alternative splicing, the inter-species conservation of truncated mGlu receptor molecules strongly suggest their relevance in the regulatory network of glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valerio
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Biotechnologies, Brescia University Medical School, Via Valsabbina 19, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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25
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Valerio A, Basso D, Mazza S, Baldo G, Tiengo A, Pedrazzoli S, Seraglia R, Plebani M. Serum protein profiles of patients with pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis: searching for a diagnostic protein pattern. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2001; 15:2420-2425. [PMID: 11746913 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 13 sera from patients with pancreatic cancer, 9 from chronic pancreatitis and 10 from healthy subjects were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. The MALDI mass spectra revealed the presence of several low molecular weight peptides, among which some were detected only in the sera from both pathological conditions. On the other hand many peptides were observed only in control sera, and were absent in the sera from the two diseases. Therefore, MALDI analysis of the low molecular weight fraction (<10 000 Da) of sera from patients with pancreatic diseases enabled us to identify the presence of some disease-related signals and also some signals characteristic of normal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valerio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
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26
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Falconi M, Valerio A, Caldiron E, Salvia R, Sartori N, Talamini G, Bassi C, Pederzoli P. Changes in pancreatic resection for chronic pancreatitis over 28 years in a single institution. Br J Surg 2000; 87:428-33. [PMID: 10759737 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of advances in knowledge over recent years there is reason to believe that surgical attitudes towards patients with chronic pancreatitis may have changed. METHODS Some 547 patients were treated surgically for chronic pancreatitis from 1971 to June 1998. Anastomoses were performed in 80 per cent (438 patients) and resections in 20 per cent (109 patients). Indications and type of operation were analysed, as were mortality and morbidity rates and long-term follow-up results, in patients undergoing resection both over the period as a whole and after dividing the series into two subperiods of 14 years. RESULTS In the second 14-year period, there was a significant reduction in the percentage of resections compared with anastomoses (28 per cent (69 of 244 patients) versus 13 per cent (40 of 303); P < 0.0001), and a significant change in the type of resection with a substantial increase in resections of the head compared with those of the body and tail. Statistically significant reductions occurred in operating times, number of units of blood transfused (mean(s.d.) 4.7(3.6) versus 1.2(1.6) units; P = 0.0001) and mean hospital stay (18 versus 14 days for pylorus-preserving and 12 versus 8 days for left pancreatectomy with splenectomy; P < 0. 01); mortality and morbidity rates also tended to decrease, but not significantly. CONCLUSION A different pattern has emerged over the years as regards both the type and number of resections performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Falconi
- Department of Surgery, Pancreatic Unit and Endoscopy Service, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
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27
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Pizzi M, Benarese M, Boroni F, Goffi F, Valerio A, Spano PF. Neuroprotection by metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists on kainate-induced degeneration of motor neurons in spinal cord slices from adult rat. Neuropharmacology 2000; 39:903-10. [PMID: 10699456 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(99)00257-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Research has provided evidence about the role of excitotoxicity in the pathophysiology of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and suggests that AMPA/kainate receptor activation contributes greatly in mediating glutamate injury to motor neurons. The recent finding of variable expression of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor subtypes in adult rat spinal cord has prompted us to investigate their contribution to the excitotoxic process. We report here that stimulation of mGlu receptors efficiently prevents motor neuron degeneration induced by kainate. The application of kainate to lumbar spinal cord slices from adult rats induced a massive degeneration of motor neurons which became shrunken, dark and TUNEL-positive. On the contrary, no significant neurotoxicity was observed after NMDA application. A blockade of ionotropic non-NMDA receptors by CNQX, and mGlu receptor stimulation, efficiently counteracted kainate-mediated cell death. Among the various agonists for mGlu receptors, we tested 3-hydroxyphenylglycine (3HPG), which selectively stimulates group I mGlu receptors. In addition, we tested 2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (L-CCG-I) and 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine (4C3HPG), two selective agonists for group II receptors, as well as L-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4), a preferential agonist for group III. The results suggest that all three groups of mGlu receptors are involved in inhibiting excitotoxic phenomena mediated by kainate on spinal cord motor neurons. This was despite being localized differently and, possibly, activating different neuroprotective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pizzi
- Division of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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28
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Bassi C, Butturini G, Salvia R, Contro C, Valerio A, Falconi M, Pederzoli P. A single-institution experience with fistulojejunostomy for external pancreatic fistulas. Am J Surg 2000; 179:203-6. [PMID: 10827321 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(00)00291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
External pancreatic fistulas resistant to medical treatment are an indication for surgery. Over the period from May 1986 to March 1999, we operated on 17 patients suffering from a stabilized external pancreatic fistula as a result of surgical treatment for severe acute pancreatitis in 12 cases, chronic pancreatitis in 3, duodenopancreatectomy in 1, and islet cell tumor enucleation in 1. The surgical repair consisted of precise identification of the fistula tract around the drainage tube and its anastomosis with a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop (fistulojejunostomy). The surgical mortality was nil, and the postoperative outcome was uneventful in 12 patients. Four patients experienced surgical complications, all of which were treated conservatively. After a median follow-up of 93 months, 14 patients are still alive and healthy, 1 had died of neoplastic cachexia, and 2 were lost to follow-up. In our experience, fistulojejunostomy appears to be safe, easy to perform, and curative.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bassi
- Surgical and Gastroenterological Department, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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29
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Bassi C, Falconi M, Tihany T, Salvia R, Valerio A, Caldiron E, Abu Hilal M, Flautner LE, Pederzoli P. Resection in chronic pancreatitis: anastomosis with the jejunum or with the stomach? Ann Ital Chir 2000; 71:51-5. [PMID: 10829524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Even in centers where the first choice in the surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis is a derivative procedure some selected patients require resection. The most popular solution of gastrointestinal reconstruction still seems to be pancreaticojejunostomy but, the review of the reported experiences, suggests a general trend towards anastomosis with the stomach as a recent policy. A reliable comparison between pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy is difficult because the reported series are seldom related to chronic pancreatitis patients only, but are reporting mixed date concerning mainly periampullary cancer. Moreover with only one exception no prospective randomised clinical trails are available; unfortunately the positive trend in favour of pancreaticogastrostomy reported in uncontrolled studies is not confirmed in the randomized setting. Also the comparison between the experiences achieved by the present authors working in centers with different approach to the pancreatic anastomosis does not show statistical significant difference for both morbidity and mortality. In conclusion nowadays the best confidence and experience with any of the two methods represents the basis of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bassi
- Surgical Department, University of Verona, Italy
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30
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Valerio A, Basso D, Brigato L, Ceolotto G, Baldo G, Tiengo A, Plebani M. Glucose metabolic alterations in isolated and perfused rat hepatocytes induced by pancreatic cancer conditioned medium: a low molecular weight factor possibly involved. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 257:622-8. [PMID: 10198261 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A serious insulin resistance characterizes pancreatic cancer-associated diabetes mellitus. Elsewhere, we demonstrated that MIA PaCa2 cultured cells secrete a soluble factor responsible for reduced glucose tolerance induced in SCID mice. The intracellular mechanism of insulin resistance was investigated in isolated and perfused rat hepatocytes incubated with MIA PaCa2 conditioned medium. Lactate production was reduced compared to hepatocytes incubated with control medium while 1,2-DAG was increased and PKC was activated in the hepatocytes incubated with MIA PaCa2 conditioned medium. This behavior was not reproduced treating the hepatocytes with the growth factors EGF, interleukin Ibeta, interleukin-6, and TGF-beta1. In an attempt to make a biochemical identification of the hypothesized tumor associated-diabetogenic factors we observed a low molecular weight protein in the conditioned medium, absent in the nonconditioned one, that may be responsible for the described behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valerio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padua, Italy.
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31
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Bruttomesso D, Pianta A, Mari A, Valerio A, Marescotti MC, Avogaro A, Tiengo A, Del Prato S. Restoration of early rise in plasma insulin levels improves the glucose tolerance of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes 1999; 48:99-105. [PMID: 9892228 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.48.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The loss of first-phase insulin secretion is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetic patients. The fast-acting insulin analog lispro provides a therapeutic tool for assessing the metabolic outcome of restoration of an early rise in plasma insulin levels after the ingestion of an oral glucose load. We studied eight type 2 diabetic patients on two different occasions when they received an oral glucose load (50 g) preceded by either human regular insulin or insulin analog lispro (both 0.075 U/kg lean body mass). Tritiated glucose was infused throughout the studies, and the oral glucose was labeled with [13C6]glucose for monitoring systemic and oral glucose kinetics, respectively. Basal plasma glucose (8.2 +/- 0.9 vs. 7.5 +/- 0.8 mmol/l), insulin (224 +/- 21 vs. 203 +/- 21 pmol/l), and endogenous glucose production (10.4 +/- 1.0 vs. 11.1 +/- 1.1 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)) were similar on both occasions. In spite of comparable incremental areas under the curve, the time course of plasma insulin concentration was much different. After injection of regular insulin, plasma insulin peaked at 120 min (368 +/- 42 pmol/l), while with lispro, the peak occurred at 60 min (481 +/- 42 pmol/l). Plasma insulin concentration during the last 3 h of the study, however, was lower with lispro compared with regular insulin. The incremental area under the curve of plasma C-peptide was lower with lispro (0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.13 +/- 0.04 micromol/300 min; P < 0.01). After the ingestion of the oral glucose load, plasma glucose concentration increased by 78% at 80-100 min with regular insulin and by 62% with lispro (P < 0.05) and remained lower for the ensuing 3 h. The incremental area under the curve was 46% lower with lispro (715 +/- 109 vs. 389 +/- 109 pmol/300 min; P < 0.01). There was no difference in the two studies in the rate of appearance of the ingested glucose and in the overall rate of glucose disposal. During the initial 90 min, however, the rate of endogenous glucose production was suppressed in a prompter and more profound manner when lispro was administered (1.39 +/- 0.10 vs. 5.00 +/- 1.22 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.05), while there was no difference in the late prandial phase. These results show that an early rise in plasma insulin levels after the ingestion of a glucose load is associated with a significant improvement in glucose tolerance due to a prompter, though short-lived, suppression of endogenous glucose production. This amelioration in plasma glucose profile prevents late hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, restoration of a more physiologic profile of prandial plasma insulin profile represents a rational approach for treatment of type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bruttomesso
- Cattedra di Malattie del Metabolismo, University of Padova, National Research Council, Italy
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32
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Bassi C, Falconi M, Caldiron E, Salvia R, Sartori N, Valerio A, Butturini G, Contro C, Casetti L, Marcucci S, Pederzoli P. To what extent is surgery superior to endoscopic therapy in the management of chronic pancreatitis? Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 30:571-9. [PMID: 9836120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The surgeon was the only figure involved in the management of chronic pancreatitis patients unresponsive to medical treatment, until a few years ago. Nowadays, because of less invasive, endoscopy offers a seductive alternative to surgery. Up to now no clinical prospective and randomized data comparing the results of the two different approaches are available. Surgery seems to be the only solution for chronic pancreatitis with duodenal stenosis and the last chance of eliminating diagnostic uncertainty. Also in the case of biliary tract involvement surgery should be regarded as the procedure of choice, inasmuch as the stenosis is benign and generally long-lasting, and endoscopic treatment would have to be repeated several times; endoscopy, in this indication, should be reserved only for patients who present contraindicating surgery conditions (such as severe jaundice, colangitis etc.); the endoscopist should assess whether to insert a stent or a naso-biliary drainage tube referring the patient back to the surgeon once good clinical conditions have been restored. Endoscopy and surgery should be regarded not as adversaries in the management of chronic pancreatitis and its complications, but as complementary procedures in an integrated approach. The maximum degree of complementarity should be achieved in the management of pseudocysts and in cases presenting severe, incapacitating pain. In selected cases endoscopy can play a definitive role. The generally good surgical outcomes, moreover, should convince endoscopists not to insist with repeated, hazardous manoeuvres in cases of failure. Particularly interesting is the possibility of performing endoscopic sphincterotomy combined with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy prior to surgical treatment in cases of chronic calcifying calcific pancreatitis. The crushing of the calculi and partial clearance of the duct have simplified surgery and complete clearance of the duct in those patients receiving such treatment in our experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bassi
- Surgical Department, University of Verona, Borgo Roma Hospital, Italy
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33
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Tullio D, Valerio A. [What role does pharmacological therapy have in hyperkinetic ventricular arrhythmias?]. G Ital Cardiol 1998; 28:824-32. [PMID: 9773308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Tullio
- Divisione di Cardiologia e UTIC, Ospedale F. Renzetti, Lanciano-Vasto
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35
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Pansini F, Bonaccorsi G, Morano D, Negri C, Valerio A, Bonocore I, Antonello C, Terrazzini S, Bagni B, Mollica G. P-114. Efficacy of Calcaneal Ultrasound in Discriminating Between Osteoporotic and Nonosteoporotic Women Diagnosed by DEXA. Menopause 1998. [DOI: 10.1097/00042192-199805040-00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Paterlini M, Valerio A, Baruzzi F, Memo M, Spano PF. Opposing regulation of tau protein levels by ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors in human NT2 neurons. Neurosci Lett 1998; 243:77-80. [PMID: 9535117 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human NT2-N neurons derived from retinoic acid treatment of the NTera 2 cell line were used to determine the consequences of ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) hyperstimulation and possible modulatory role(s) exerted by metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activation. We found that NT2-N neurons express the NR1 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) iGluRs and mRNA encoding the 1a isoform of mGluRs. A 15 min pulse with 100 microM NMDA induced an increase in the levels of tau proteins in NT2-N cells. This effect was prevented by incubating NT2-N neurons in the presence of the mGluR agonist (1 S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (1S,3R-ACPD). This phenomenon was related, in terms of doses and time, with the observed 1S,3R-ACPD-mediated protection against NMDA-induced NT2-N cell death. Our findings suggest that iGluRs and mGluRs might participate in the control of human neuron viability by differentially affecting the expression of tau proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paterlini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Brescia University Medical School, Italy.
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37
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Tullio D, Valerio A, Tucci C. [Ventricular arrhythmia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. When and how to treat]. Minerva Cardioangiol 1997; 45:495-501. [PMID: 9489319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with apical hypertrophy have a natural favourable history. Non Specific Ventricular Tachycardia (NSVT) at ambulatory monitoring is more favourable if it is not associated with consciousness disorders. A high rate of NSVT episodes at Holter or the association with syncope can lead to a less favourable prognosis and therefore require pharmacological or electric treatment. The role of ET (electrophysiological test) has not yet been clearly described and is in progress. Recent studies of molecular genetics help to identify high-risk patients. Sustained monomorphic VT is not frequent but when it occurs it should be treated with BT. Patients with a light risk of VT should be treated with pharmacological therapy (white amiodarone and/or sotalol) and preferably with implantable defibrillator (ID) if VT cannot be eliminated. ID should be implanted also in the few patients surviving heart attack to avoid the risk of relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tullio
- Servizio di Cardiologia ed UTIC, ULSS Lanciano, Vasto Ospedale Renzetti, Lanciano, Chieti
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38
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Abstract
It has recently become clear that, analogous to the situation observed in the brain, glutamatergic neurotransmission in the spinal cord relies upon the activation of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Although electrophysiological studies have emphasized the relevance of mGluR activation in the modulation of spinal neuron responses to glutamate, a detailed study of the molecular forms of receptors belonging to the mGluR family in the spinal cord is still lacking. Using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique with primers specifically recognizing each cloned mGluR subtype, we found that rat adult spinal cord specifically expresses high levels of mRNA encoding mGluR1a but not mGluR1b. The expression of mRNAs for mGluRs 5a and 5b was also found at levels roughly comparable to that observed in mGluR5-positive brain areas. mGluR2, mGluR3, mGluR4 and mGluR7 mRNAs appeared to be expressed at lower levels, while mGluR6 and mGluR8 mRNAs were not detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valerio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Brescia University Medical School, Italy
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39
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Centonze V, Polito BM, Valerio A, Cassiano MA, Amato R, Ricchetti G, Bassi A, Valente A, Albano O. Migraine with and without aura in the same patient: expression of a single clinical entity? Cephalalgia 1997; 17:585-7. [PMID: 9251873 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.1997.1705585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Migraine with aura and migraine without aura may be different clinical expressions of one disease. This theory is debated, however. In order to further address the issue, we administered a standardized questionnaire to 45 migraineurs. The results indicate a significant overlap between migraine with and without aura, most importantly with respect to response to therapy; 70% of patients had similar responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Centonze
- Headache Unit, University of Bari, Italy
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40
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Basso D, Valerio A, Brigato L, Panozzo MP, Miola M, Lucca T, Ujka F, Zaninotto M, Avogaro A, Plebani M. An unidentified pancreatic cancer cell product alters some intracellular pathways of glucose metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes. Pancreas 1997; 15:132-8. [PMID: 9260197 DOI: 10.1097/00006676-199708000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study we assessed whether conditioned media from a human pancreatic cancer cell line (MIA PaCa 2) can interfere with some intracellular pathways involved in glucose metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes. The hepatocytes, isolated from Male Wistar rats, were incubated with MIA PaCa 2-conditioned or nonconditioned media. Conditioned and nonconditioned hepatocytes were run for 120 min in the presence or absence of insulin (100 mM) and were sampled at fixed time intervals. Supernatant glucose levels decreased to a similar extent over time in both conditioned and nonconditioned hepatocytes, while lactate levels significantly increased in nonconditioned hepatocytes with respect to conditioned hepatocytes. A pyruvate kinase activity increase was observed only in nonconditioned hepatocytes and was biphasic in nature, since this increased activity was detected both after a few and after 30 min following insulin stimulation. The cyclic AMP level increase was significantly higher in conditioned than in nonconditioned hepatocytes. It appears that MIA PaCa 2 cells produce a factor(s) that may interfere with one of the insulin-mediated intracellular pathways of glucose metabolism, namely, glycolysis. This detrimental effect on glycolysis is supported by the blunted rise in lactate concentration in the medium after the glucose challenge. This substance(s) probably transfers its signal inside the target cells, activating the adenylate cyclase pathway. These results support the hypothesis that pancreatic cancer is the cause rather than the consequence of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Basso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
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Francia G, Azzolina L, Mantovani T, Daví MV, Brazzarola P, Valerio A, Petronio R, Sussi P. Heterogeneity of nuclear DNA pattern and its relationship with cell cycle activity parameters in multinodular goitre. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1997; 46:649-54. [PMID: 9274693 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.1480961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies suggest that the malignancy rate in multinodular goitre is not significantly different from that observed in solitary nodules and that chromosomal aberrations are not infrequent in multinodular goitre. To further investigate this topic we determined the DNA pattern in multinodular goitres. DESIGN DNA ploidy and cell cycle activity parameters were determined in multinodular goitres. PATIENTS We evaluated 235 patients (185 female, 50 male, mean age 52 +/- 13 years), who had undergone thyroidectomy; 11 of them harboured occult differentiated microcarcinoma. MEASUREMENTS DNA index (DI), coefficient of variation of G0/G1 phase (CV), percentage of cells in S phase (%S) and in G2+M phase (%G2-M) and proliferative index (PI = %S+%G2-M) were determined by flow cytometric analysis (FCM) in tissue samples taken from 3 different areas of the thyroid gland. RESULTS Aneuploid DNA was found in 50 goitres without carcinoma (22.3%) and in 5 goitres with carcinoma (45.5%). The mean PI of euploid cells in the goitre without carcinoma was significantly higher in the goitres with an aneuploid component compared to the goitres without aneuploidy (10.8 +/- 1.3 SEM vs 6 +/- 0.32; P +/- 0.001). Also, the percentage difference between maximal and minimal PI found within each goitre (delta PI %) was higher in the former group (373 +/- 49 SEM vs 142 +/- 11.3; P < 0.0001). The PI was significantly higher in goitres with carcinoma compared to the goitres without carcinoma (12.9 +/- 3.2 SEM vs 7.07 +/- 0.40; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings of increased proliferation rate in goitres with an aneuploid or neoplastic component suggests that some factors involved in goitrogenesis could also be responsible for the development of chromosomal aberrations and/or for the selection of cellular clones endowed with high growth potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Francia
- Istituto di Semelotica and Nefrologia Medica, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera di Verona, Italy
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42
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Tullio D, Tucci C, Valerio A. [Heart failure in the elderly. Therapeutic strategies]. Minerva Cardioangiol 1997; 45:305-13. [PMID: 9432573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The different types of cardiac heart failures are examined: chronic failure deriving from systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction failure, refractory heart failure, acute failure. Heart failure in the elderly is not always associated with impaired ventricular contractility with decreased EF and ventricular enlargement, but frequently with diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV). The echocardiographic examination is very useful to evaluate the type of ventricular dysfunction. Since the aortic baroceptor system is less sensible, diuretics and drugs decreasing after-load must be use carefully because of orthostatic hypotension and deterioration of kidney function. The elderly are most sensible to the action of digitalis because of the pharmacokinetic changes of the drug due to age. Although the current therapy of heart failure can relieve symptoms and prolong life, prognosis is always serious. The most effective therapy is prevention as it aims at the control and, if possible, at the regression of left ventricular dysfunction in the asymptomatic or slightly symptomatic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tullio
- Servizio di Cardiologia ed UTIC, Ospedale Civico Renzetti, Lanciano, ULS 3 Lanciano-Vasto, Chieti
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43
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Avogaro A, Piarulli F, Valerio A, Miola M, Calveri M, Pavan P, Vicini P, Cobelli C, Tiengo A, Calò L, Del Prato S. Forearm nitric oxide balance, vascular relaxation, and glucose metabolism in NIDDM patients. Diabetes 1997; 46:1040-6. [PMID: 9166677 DOI: 10.2337/diab.46.6.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular responses were assessed in 10 NIDDM patients and 6 normal subjects with no evidence of atherosclerotic disease. Changes in forearm blood flow and arteriovenous (AV) serum nitrite/nitrate (NO2-/NO3-) concentrations were measured in response to intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) (7.5, 15, 30 microg/min, endothelium-dependent response) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (0.3, 3, 10 microg/min, endothelium-independent response). Insulin sensitivity (determined by minimal model intravenous glucose tolerance test) was lower in NIDDM patients (0.82 +/- 0.20 vs. 2.97 +/- 0.29 10(4) min x microU(-1) x ml(-1); P < 0.01). Baseline forearm blood flow (4.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.3 ml x 100 ml(-1) tissue x min(-1); NS), mean blood pressure (100 +/- 4 vs. 92 +/- 4 mmHg; NS), and vascular resistance (21 +/- 1 vs. 21 +/- 1 units; NS), as well as their increments during ACh and SNP, infusion were similar in both groups. No difference existed in baseline NO2-/NO3- concentrations (4.09 +/- 0.33 [NIDDM patients] vs. 5.00 +/- 0.48 micromol/l [control subjects]; NS), their forearm net balance (0.31 +/- 0.08 [NIDDM patients] vs. 0.26 +/- 0.08 micromol/l x 100 ml(-1) tissue x min(-1); NS), and baseline forearm glucose uptake. During ACh infusion, both NO2- and NO3- concentrations and net balance significantly increased in both groups, whereas glucose uptake increased only in control subjects. When data from NIDDM and control groups were pooled together, a correlation was found between the forearm AV NO2- and NO3- differences and blood flow (r = 0.494, P = 0.024). On the contrary, no correlation was evident between NO2- and NO3- concentrations or net balance and insulin sensitivity. In summary, 1) no difference existed in basal and ACh-stimulated NO generation and endothelium-dependent relaxation between uncomplicated NIDDM patients and control subjects; 2) in both NIDDM and control groups, forearm NO2- and NO3- net balance following ACh stimulation was related to changes in the forearm blood flow; and 3) ACh-induced increase in forearm blood flow was associated with an increase in glucose uptake only in control subjects but not in NIDDM patients. In conclusion, our results argue against a role of impaired NO generation and blood flow regulation in determining the insulin resistance of uncomplicated NIDDM patients; rather, it supports an independent insulin regulation of hemodynamic and metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Avogaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
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44
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Valerio A, Rizzonelli P, Paterlini M, Moretto G, Knöpfel T, Kuhn R, Memo M, Spano P. mGluR5 metabotropic glutamate receptor distribution in rat and human spinal cord: a developmental study. Neurosci Res 1997; 28:49-57. [PMID: 9179880 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-0102(97)01175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
By combining biochemical, molecular and immunohistochemical approaches, we have investigated the presence of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) belonging to the subtype 5 in rat and human spinal cords and the developmental changes in their expression. A polyclonal antibody raised against the carboxy-terminal portion of mGluR5 was used to study the distribution of the receptor in rat foetal (Et15), neonatal (P8) and adult spinal cords and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). mGluR5 appeared to be predominantly expressed in regions containing the primary sensory afferents. Immunoblotting with anti-mGluR5 antibody revealed lower receptor protein levels in rat adult spinal cord when compared with P8 rat spinal cord. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed both mGluR5a and mGluR5b mRNAs expression in rat spinal cord. The mGluR5a variant was found more abundant in young animals than in adults. The pattern of mGluR5 immunostaining was also studied in foetal (6-8, 10, 12 and 22 weeks of gestation) and adult human spinal cord. At all stages of human development, a strong mGluR5 immunoreactivity was observed in the dorsal roots and in the dorsal and dorsolateral funiculi with maximum levels of staining at week 12 of gestation. Foetal DRG neurons were heterogeneously labeled. mGluR5 was also diffusely detectable in the mantle layer. In adult human spinal cords, immunoreactivity was confined to laminae I and II of the dorsal horns. These results demonstrate for the first time the presence of mGluR5 in human spinal cord. The distribution of this receptor suggests a role in the development of somatosensory pathways and in the control of nociceptive neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valerio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Brescia University School of Medicine, Italy.
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45
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Restaino A, Campobasso C, D'Aloja A, Schiavi A, Massari L, Valerio A, Abbruzzese AD, Pansini F. [Severe congenital thoracic-lumbar scoliosis in pregnancy. A case report and review of the literature]. Minerva Ginecol 1996; 48:565-71. [PMID: 9000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a case report of a patient affected by congenital thoraco-lumbar scoliosis of a severe degree, aged 32, para 0, gravida 1. She was submitted to orthopedic surgery in childhood. Cesarean section was performed at the 37th week of amenorrhoea. Pregnancy in severe defects of the spine, though becoming more and more uncommon, can still be encountered. Severe congenital scoliosis is a clinical problem; it affects not only the size and shape of the pelvis, but also sometimes results in significant maternal cardiovascular and respiratory complication. The authors, reviewing the literature, evaluate the anatomical and functional (from a biomechanical point of view) derangement of the pelvis, the problem of vaginal delivery and the clinical and radiological assessment of the problem, especially evaluating the cardio-pulmonary function. In conclusion, pregnancy in patients with severe scoliosis can be managed successfully by close monitoring especially of the respiratory function. The decision of the route of delivery is related to clinical assessment and obstetric indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Restaino
- Divisione di Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Università degli Studi, Ferrara
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46
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Avogaro A, Toffolo G, Valerio A, Cobelli C. Epinephrine exerts opposite effects on peripheral glucose disposal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. A stable label intravenous glucose tolerance test minimal model study. Diabetes 1996; 45:1373-8. [PMID: 8826974 DOI: 10.2337/diab.45.10.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epinephrine (EPI) plays a pivotal role in regulating glucose metabolism both in splanchnic and peripheral tissues. Nevertheless, previous studies did not clarify the mechanisms by which EPI affect both glucose disposal processes in peripheral tissues and beta-cell secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate, in six normal volunteers, the effects of elevated EPI concentration on peripheral glucose disposal and insulin secretion by using the stable labeled (either [6,6-2H2] or [2-2H1]glucose) intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in conjunction with the minimal models of labeled glucose disappearance and C-peptide secretion. Elevated plasma EPI concentration significantly decreased glucose effectiveness (SG*) by 29% (0.0059 +/- 0.0013 vs. 0.0083 +/- 0.0011 min-1, P < 0.05), and even more, 61%, insulin sensitivity (SI*); (22 +/- 6 x 10(4) vs. 54 +/- 20 x 10(4) min-1.pmol.l-1; P < 0.01). These findings are not due to an isotopic effect induced by an enhanced glycogen breakdown, because the [2-2H1]glucose tracer, which is not incorporated into glycogen, gave results similar to those of [6,6-2H2]glucose tracer. No differences were observed in first phase cell sensitivity, phi 1, in the EPI study (199 +/- 91 vs. 245 +/- 144 10(9), NS), but there was a significant increase in the second-phase cell sensitivity to glucose phi 2, (15.2 +/- 1.7 vs. 17.7 +/- 4.4 10(9).min-1, P < 0.05). In conclusion, EPI selectively impairs peripheral glucose metabolism because of its unique ability to simultaneously and independently decrease glucose effectiveness and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, EPI enhances phi 2, the ratio between the C-peptide amount secreted during the second phase and the area under the curve of the glucose signal, indicating that the observed increase of C-peptide concentration is due not only to the augmented glucose signal but also to a specific EPI-mediated enhancement of beta-cell responsivity to glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Avogaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
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Abstract
Introducing software reuse at a corporate wide level represents one of the most promising means of addressing rising costs plaguing the software industry. A series of mechanisms are needed for shortening development cycles and providing reliable software of high quality which will be more maintainable and flexible for future extensions.This paper presents an overview of a reuse program that is intended to institutionalise a software reuse process that incorporates reuse-specific activities all along an object oriented software development process, drawing heavily on a reusable software artifact library system which has been designed to support the classification, management and search for artifacts to be employed in reuse efforts.Due to the increasing competition and rapid technological innovations that mark nowadays the software applications' field, this sector has undergone radical changes, forcing operators to cope with a growing demand of new applications and services, in terms of quality, variety, reliability, and, last but not least, low prices.In this situation the traditional custom software development methodologies show all its inadequateness and ineffectiveness: to become really competitive in developing new applications, able to survive in a global market, an organisation needs to adopt leading edge technologies inside a defined, well planned and specific software development process.Moreover, traditional software development methodologies do not allow an efficient maintenance of the products, while any modification or extension of these products often results in a full redevelopment of them.A new iterative development philosophy based on software reuse and using the emerging object oriented technologies seems to be the right trade-off among the opposed factors characterising a successful telecommunication product or service: high-quality, low-cost, reduced time-to-market, flexibility and maintainability, just to tell some. In this view, a systematic reuse program to support and to integrate the software development activities, incorporating a reuse library to support the classification and management of the heterogeneous reusable components, is a particularly interesting and promising methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Benedicenti
- DIST, Università di Genova, via Opera Pia 13A, 16145, Genova, Italia
| | - G. Succi
- DISA, Università di Trento, via F. Zeni 8, I-38068 Trento, Italia
| | - A. Valerio
- DIST, Università di Genova, via Opera Pia 13A, 16145, Genova, Italia
| | - T. Vernazza
- DIST, Università di Genova, via Opera Pia 13A, 16145, Genova, Italia
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48
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Avogaro A, Toffolo G, Miola M, Valerio A, Tiengo A, Cobelli C, Del Prato S. Intracellular lactate- and pyruvate-interconversion rates are increased in muscle tissue of non-insulin-dependent diabetic individuals. J Clin Invest 1996; 98:108-15. [PMID: 8690781 PMCID: PMC507406 DOI: 10.1172/jci118754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of muscle tissues of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients to blood lactate appearance remains undefined. To gain insight on intracellular pyruvate/lactate metabolism, the postabsorptive forearm metabolism of glucose, lactate, FFA, and ketone bodies (KB) was assessed in seven obese non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients (BMI = 28.0 +/- 0.5 kg/m2) and seven control individuals (BMI = 24.8 +/- 0.5 kg/m2) by using arteriovenous balance across forearm tissues along with continuous infusion of [3-13C1]-lactate and indirect calorimetry. Fasting plasma concentrations of glucose (10.0 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/liter), insulin (68 +/- 5 vs. 43 +/- 6 pmol/liter), FFA (0.57 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.51 +/- 0.02 mmol/liter), and blood levels of lactate (1.05 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.60 +/- 0.06 mmol/liter), and KB (0.48 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.29 +/- 0.02 mmol/liter) were higher in NIDDM patients (P < 0.01). Forearm glucose uptake was similar in the two groups (10.3 +/- 1.4 vs. 9.6 +/ 1.1 micromol/min/liter of forearm tissue), while KB uptake was twice as much in NIDDM patients as compared to control subjects. Lactate balance was only slightly increased in NIDDM patients (5.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 3.3 +/- 1.0 micromol/min/liter; P = NS). A two-compartment model of lactate and pyruvate kinetics in the forearm tissue was used to dissect out the rates of lactate to pyruvate and pyruvate to lactate interconversions. In spite of minor differences in the lactate balance, a fourfold increase in both lactate- (44.8 +/- 9.0 vs. 12.6 +/- 4.6 micromol/min/liter) and pyruvate-(50.4 +/- 9.8 vs. 16.0 +/- 5.0 micromol/min/liter) interconversion rates (both P < 0.01) were found. Whole body lactate turnover, assessed by using the classic isotope dilution principle, was higher in NIDDM individuals (46 +/- 9 vs. 21 +/- 3 micromol/min/kg; P < 0.01). Insights into the physiological meaning of this parameter were obtained by using a whole body noncompartmental model of lactate/pyruvate kinetics which provides a lower and upper bound for total lactate and pyruvate turnover (NIDDM = 46 +/- 9 vs. 108 +/- 31; controls = 21 +/- 3 - 50 +/-13 micromol/min/kg). In conclusion, in the postabsorptive state, despite a trivial lactate release by muscle, lactate- and pyruvate-interconversion rates are greatly enhanced in NIDDM patients, possibly due to concomitant impairment in the oxidative pathway of glucose metabolism. This finding strongly suggest a major disturbance in intracellular lactate/pyruvate metabolism in NIDDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Avogaro
- Cattedra di Malattie del Metabolismo, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
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49
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Abstract
The effect of ethanol (ETOH) on muscle metabolism was assessed in both normal (NC) and noninsulin-dependent (NIDDM) subjects in the basal state and during isoglycemic hyperinsulinemia (450 pmol/L) clamp studies carried out either with systemic (NC, n = 5; NIDDM, n = 5) or intrabrachially (NC, n = 5; NIDDM, n = 5)ETOH infusion. On a repeat study, each subject underwent the same experimental procedures, except that saline was infused instead of ETOH. Systemic ETOH significantly decreased whole body glucose disposal in both NC and NIDDM patients. In NC, ETOH infusion decreased basal forearm glucose uptake (FGU) from 1.22 +/- 0.20 to 0.32 +/- 0.04 mumol/min.100 mL tissue (P < 0.01), whereas in NIDDM, this decrement was not significant (from 0.95 +/- 0.31 to 0.66 +/- 0.23). With saline infusion, hyperinsulinemia significantly stimulated FGU to 4.09 +/- 0.46 mumol/min.100 mL tissue in NC and to 2.50 +/- 0.76 in NIDDM. During ETOH, FGU was depressed by 81% in NC (delta = 3.32 mumol/min.100 mL tissue) and by 48% (P < 0.05) in NIDDM (delta = 1.21 mumol/min.100 mL tissue). Local ETOH infusion did not affect FGU in either NC (1.18 +/- 0.23 vs. 1.1 +/= 0.11 mumol/min.100 mL tissue in the baseline condition and 4.12 +/- 0.65 vs. 3.97 +/- 0.35 in insulin-stimulated conditions) or NIDDM (1.05 +/- 0.29 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.19 mumol/min.100 mL tissue in baseline condition and 2.72 +/- 0.82 vs. 2.83 +/- 0.51 in insulin-stimulated conditions) subjects. With systemic ETOH, but not local infusion, there was a reduction in baseline plasma free fatty acid level and an increase in blood lactate concentration during isoglycemic hyperinsulinemia. In summary, systemic ETOH infusion impairs both whole body and forearm glucose uptake in NC and NIDDM subjects; this effect was more apparent in NC than in NIDDM at both the whole body and forearm level. On the contrary, intrabrachial ETOH infusion did not affect forearm glucose balance in either group. These results suggest that the reduction in muscle glucose disposal associated with increased systemic ETOH concentrations is not caused by a direct ETOH effect on muscle glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Avogaro
- Divisione di Malattie del Ricambio, Universita' degli Studi, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Italy
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50
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Valerio A, Rizzonelli P, Paterlini M, Moretto B, Knoepfel T, Kühn R, Memo M, Spano P. mGluR5 immunolocalization in foetal and adult human spinal cord. Neuropharmacology 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(96)84777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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