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Rönn T, Ofori JK, Perfilyev A, Hamilton A, Pircs K, Eichelmann F, Garcia-Calzon S, Karagiannopoulos A, Stenlund H, Wendt A, Volkov P, Schulze MB, Mulder H, Eliasson L, Ruhrmann S, Bacos K, Ling C. Genes with epigenetic alterations in human pancreatic islets impact mitochondrial function, insulin secretion, and type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8040. [PMID: 38086799 PMCID: PMC10716521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation may influence disease progression. Here we explore whether epigenetic alterations in human pancreatic islets impact insulin secretion and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In islets, 5,584 DNA methylation sites exhibit alterations in T2D cases versus controls and are associated with HbA1c in individuals not diagnosed with T2D. T2D-associated methylation changes are found in enhancers and regions bound by β-cell-specific transcription factors and associated with reduced expression of e.g. CABLES1, FOXP1, GABRA2, GLR1A, RHOT1, and TBC1D4. We find RHOT1 (MIRO1) to be a key regulator of insulin secretion in human islets. Rhot1-deficiency in β-cells leads to reduced insulin secretion, ATP/ADP ratio, mitochondrial mass, Ca2+, and respiration. Regulators of mitochondrial dynamics and metabolites, including L-proline, glycine, GABA, and carnitines, are altered in Rhot1-deficient β-cells. Islets from diabetic GK rats present Rhot1-deficiency. Finally, RHOT1methylation in blood is associated with future T2D. Together, individuals with T2D exhibit epigenetic alterations linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Rönn
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jones K Ofori
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Perfilyev
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Hamilton
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Karolina Pircs
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- HCEMM-Su, Neurobiology and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fabian Eichelmann
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sonia Garcia-Calzon
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hans Stenlund
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Wendt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Petr Volkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karl Bacos
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Karagiannopoulos A, Westholm E, Ofori JK, Cowan E, Esguerra JL, Eliasson L. Glucocorticoid-mediated induction of ZBTB16 affects insulin secretion in human islets and EndoC-βH1 β-cells. iScience 2023; 26:106555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Westholm E, Edlund A, Karagiannopoulos A, Wendt A, Eliasson L. Interleukin-4 reduces insulin secretion in human islets from healthy but not type-2 diabetic donors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 649:87-92. [PMID: 36758483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with low-grade inflammation. Here we investigate if the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) affects glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in human islets from non-diabetic (ND) and type-2 diabetic (T2D) donors. We first confirmed that GSIS is reduced in islets from T2D donors. Treatment with IL-4 for 48 h had no further effect on GSIS in these islets but significantly reduced secretion in ND islets. Acute treatment with IL-4 for 1 h had no effect on GSIS in ND islets which led us to suspect that IL-4 affects a slow cellular mechanism such as gene transcription. IL-4 has been reported to regulate miR-378a-3p and, indeed, we found that this microRNA was increased with IL-4 treatment. However, overexpression of miR-378a-3p in the human beta cell line EndoC-βH1 did not affect GSIS. MiR-378a-3p is transcribed from the same gene as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 beta (PCG-1β) and we found that IL-4 treatment showed a clear tendency to increased gene expression of PCG-1β. PCG-1β is a co-activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and, the gene expression of PPARγ was also increased with IL-4 treatment. Our data suggests that the protective role of IL-4 on beta cell survival comes at the cost of lowered insulin secretion, presumably involving the PPARγ-pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraim Westholm
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Edlund
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Wendt
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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Karagiannopoulos A, Cowan E, Eliasson L. miRNAs in the Beta Cell-Friends or Foes? Endocrinology 2023; 164:7069605. [PMID: 36869830 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) develops due to insulin resistance and an inability of the pancreatic β-cells to increase secretion of insulin and reduce elevated blood glucose levels. Diminished β-cell function and mass have been implicated in impaired β-cell secretory capacity and several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in regulating β-cell processes. We believe miRNAs are nodes in important miRNA-mRNA networks regulating β-cell function and that miRNAs therefore can be targets for the treatment of T2D. MicroRNAs are short (≈19-23 nucleotides [nt]) endogenous noncoding RNAs which regulate gene expression by directly binding to the mRNA of their target genes. Under normal circumstances, miRNAs act as rheostats to keep expression of their gene targets at optimal levels for different β-cell outputs. In T2D, levels of some miRNAs are altered as part of the compensatory mechanism to improve insulin secretion. Other miRNAs are differentially expressed as part of the process of T2D pathogenesis, which results in reduced insulin secretion and increased blood glucose. In this review, we present recent findings concerning miRNAs in islets and in insulin-secreting cells, and their differential expression in diabetes, with a specific focus on miRNAs involved in β-cell apoptosis/proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We present thoughts around miRNA-mRNA networks and miRNAs as both therapeutic targets to improve insulin secretion and as circulating biomarkers of diabetes. Overall, we hope to convince you that miRNAs in β-cells are essential for regulating β-cell function and can in the future be of clinical use in the treatment and/or prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elaine Cowan
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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Bacos K, Perfilyev A, Karagiannopoulos A, Cowan E, Ofori JK, Bertonnier-Brouty L, Rönn T, Lindqvist A, Luan C, Ruhrmann S, Ngara M, Nilsson Å, Gheibi S, Lyons CL, Lagerstedt JO, Barghouth M, Esguerra JL, Volkov P, Fex M, Mulder H, Wierup N, Krus U, Artner I, Eliasson L, Prasad RB, Cataldo LR, Ling C. Type 2 diabetes candidate genes, including PAX5, cause impaired insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:163612. [PMID: 36656641 PMCID: PMC9927941 DOI: 10.1172/jci163612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is caused by insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. To identify candidate genes contributing to T2D pathophysiology, we studied human pancreatic islets from approximately 300 individuals. We found 395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in islets from individuals with T2D, including, to our knowledge, novel (OPRD1, PAX5, TET1) and previously identified (CHL1, GLRA1, IAPP) candidates. A third of the identified expression changes in islets may predispose to diabetes, as expression of these genes associated with HbA1c in individuals not previously diagnosed with T2D. Most DEGs were expressed in human β cells, based on single-cell RNA-Seq data. Additionally, DEGs displayed alterations in open chromatin and associated with T2D SNPs. Mouse KO strains demonstrated that the identified T2D-associated candidate genes regulate glucose homeostasis and body composition in vivo. Functional validation showed that mimicking T2D-associated changes for OPRD1, PAX5, and SLC2A2 impaired insulin secretion. Impairments in Pax5-overexpressing β cells were due to severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we discovered PAX5 as a potential transcriptional regulator of many T2D-associated DEGs in human islets. Overall, we have identified molecular alterations in human pancreatic islets that contribute to β cell dysfunction in T2D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Bacos
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | | | - Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Elaine Cowan
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Jones K. Ofori
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Tina Rönn
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Andreas Lindqvist
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Cheng Luan
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Mtakai Ngara
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Åsa Nilsson
- Human Tissue Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Sevda Gheibi
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Claire L. Lyons
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Jens O. Lagerstedt
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | | | - Jonathan L.S. Esguerra
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Petr Volkov
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
| | - Malin Fex
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and
| | - Nils Wierup
- Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Human Tissue Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences
| | - Isabella Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B. Prasad
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Scania, Sweden.,Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Molecular Metabolism Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, and,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and
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Cowan E, Karagiannopoulos A, Eliasson L. MicroRNAs in Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on MicroRNA Profiling in Islets of Langerhans. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2592:113-142. [PMID: 36507989 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2807-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is observed in many diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells is central for the regulation of blood glucose levels and failure to release enough insulin results in hyperglycemia and T2D. The importance in T2D pathogenesis of single miRNAs in beta cells has been described; however, to get the full picture, high-throughput miRNA sequencing is necessary. Here we describe a method using small RNA sequencing, from sample preparation to expression analysis using bioinformatic tools. In the end, a tutorial on differential expression analysis is presented in R using publicly available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cowan
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences - Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, and Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences - Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, and Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences - Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, Clinical Research Centre, and Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Malmö, Sweden.
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Barghouth M, Ye Y, Karagiannopoulos A, Ma Y, Cowan E, Wu R, Eliasson L, Renström E, Luan C, Zhang E. The T-type calcium channel Ca V3.2 regulates insulin secretion in the pancreatic β-cell. Cell Calcium 2022; 108:102669. [PMID: 36347081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channel dysfunction leads to impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells and contributes to the development of type-2 diabetes (T2D). The role of the low-voltage gated T-type CaV channels in β-cells remains obscure. Here we have measured the global expression of T-type CaV3.2 channels in human islets and found that gene expression of CACNA1H, encoding CaV3.2, is negatively correlated with HbA1c in human donors, and positively correlated with islet insulin gene expression as well as secretion capacity in isolated human islets. Silencing or pharmacological blockade of CaV3.2 attenuates glucose-stimulated cytosolic Ca2+ signaling, membrane potential, and insulin release. Moreover, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store depletion is also impaired in CaV3.2-silenced β-cells. The linkage between T-type (CaV3.2) and L-type CaV channels is further identified by the finding that the intracellular Ca2+ signaling conducted by CaV3.2 is highly dependent on the activation of L-type CaV channels. In addition, CACNA1H expression is significantly associated with the islet predominant L-type CACNA1C (CaV1.2) and CACNA1D (CaV1.3) genes in human pancreatic islets. In conclusion, our data suggest the essential functions of the T-type CaV3.2 subunit as a mediator of β-cell Ca2+ signaling and membrane potential needed for insulin secretion, and in connection with L-type CaV channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Barghouth
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Yingying Ye
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden.
| | - Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Yunhan Ma
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Elaine Cowan
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Rui Wu
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden; NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Unit of Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Erik Renström
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Cheng Luan
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden.
| | - Enming Zhang
- Unit of Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden; NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund 22100, Sweden.
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dos Santos C, Karagiannopoulos A, Rafacho A, Perfilyev A, Eliasson L, Ling C, Bacos K. Glucocorticoids and glucolipotoxicity alter the DNA methylome and function of human EndoC-βH1 cells. Life Sci 2022; 307:120854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Ofori JK, Karagiannopoulos A, Barghouth M, Nagao M, Andersson ME, Salunkhe VA, Zhang E, Wendt A, Eliasson L. The highly expressed calcium-insensitive synaptotagmin-11 and synaptotagmin-13 modulate insulin secretion. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13857. [PMID: 35753051 PMCID: PMC9541707 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM SYT11 and SYT13, two calcium-insensitive synaptotagmins, are downregulated in islets from type-2 diabetic donors, but their function in insulin secretion is unknown. To address this, we investigated the physiological role of these two synaptotagmins in insulin secreting cells. METHODS Correlations between gene expression levels were performed using previously described RNA-seq data on islets from 188 human donors. SiRNA knockdown was performed in EndoC-βH1 and INS-1 832/13 cells. Insulin secretion was measured with ELISA. Patch clamp was used for single cell electrophysiology. Confocal microscopy was used to determine intra-cellular localization. RESULTS Human islet expression of the transcription factor PDX-1 was positively correlated with SYT11 (p = 2.4e-10 ) and SYT13 (p<2.2 e-16 ). Syt11 and Syt13 both co-localized with insulin, indicating their localization in insulin granules. Downregulation of Syt11 in INS-1 832/13 cells (siSYT11) resulted in increased basal and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Downregulation of Syt13 (siSYT13) decreased insulin secretion induced by glucose and K+ .Interestingly, the cAMP raising agent forskolin was unable to enhance insulin secretion in siSYT13 cells. There was no difference in insulin content, exocytosis, or voltage-gated Ca2+ currents in the two models. Double knockdown of Syt11 and Syt13 (DKD) resembled the results in siSYT13 cells. CONCLUSION SYT11 and SYT13 have similar localization and transcriptional regulation but they regulate insulin secretion differentially. While downregulation of SYT11 might be a compensatory mechanism in type-2 diabetes, downregulation of SYT13 reduces the insulin secretory response and overrules the compensatory regulation of SYT11 in a way that could aggravate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones K Ofori
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Barghouth
- Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mototsugu Nagao
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Markus E Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vishal A Salunkhe
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Metabolism research unit, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Enming Zhang
- Islet Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Wendt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Karagiannopoulos A, Esguerra JL, Pedersen MG, Wendt A, Prasad RB, Eliasson L. Human pancreatic islet miRNA-mRNA networks of altered miRNAs due to glycemic status. iScience 2022; 25:103995. [PMID: 35310942 PMCID: PMC8927907 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression via mRNA targeting, playing important roles in the pancreatic islets. We aimed to identify molecular pathways and genomic regulatory regions associated with altered miRNA expression due to glycemic status, which could contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To this end, miRNAs were identified by a combination of differential miRNA expression and correlation analysis in human islet samples from donors with normal and elevated blood glucose levels. Analysis and clustering of highly correlated, experimentally validated gene targets of these miRNAs revealed two islet-specific clusters, which were associated with key aspects of islet functions and included a high number of T2D-related genes. Finally, cis-eQTLs and public GWAS data integration uncovered suggestive genomic signals of association with insulin secretion and T2D. The miRNA-driven network-based approach presented in this study contributes to a better understanding of impaired insulin secretion in T2D pathogenesis. Network-based islet miRNA approaches provide a better insight into T2D pathogenesis Islets from healthy and hyperglycemic donors have distinct miRNA profiles Differentially expressed miRNAs regulate gene networks that affect islet function Specific miRNA eQTLs overlap with insulin secretion and T2D genetic markers
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonathan L.S. Esguerra
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Morten G. Pedersen
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Wendt
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rashmi B. Prasad
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, CRC 91-11, Box 50332, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Corresponding author
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Ofori JK, Karagiannopoulos A, Nagao M, Westholm E, Ramadan S, Wendt A, Esguerra JL, Eliasson L. Human Islet MicroRNA-200c Is Elevated in Type 2 Diabetes and Targets the Transcription Factor ETV5 to Reduce Insulin Secretion. Diabetes 2022; 71:275-284. [PMID: 34753799 PMCID: PMC8914283 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are part of deregulated insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. Rodent models have suggested miR-200c to be involved, but the role and potential as therapeutic target of this miRNA in human islets are not clear. Here we report increased expression of miR-200c in islets from T2D as compared with nondiabetic (ND) donors and display results showing reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in EndoC-βH1 cells overexpressing miR-200c. We identify transcription factor ETV5 as the top rank target of miR-200c in human islets using TargetScan in combination with Pearson correlation analysis of miR-200c and mRNA expression data from the same human donors. Among other targets were JAZF1, as earlier shown in miR-200 knockout mice. Accordingly, linear model analysis of ETV5 and JAZF1 gene expression showed reduced expression of both genes in islets from human T2D donors. Western blot analysis confirmed the reduced expression of ETV5 on the protein level in EndoC-βH1 cells overexpressing miR-200c, and luciferase assay validated ETV5 as a direct target of miR-200c. Finally, LNA knockdown of miR-200c increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets from T2D donors approximately threefold. Our data reveal a vital role of the miR-200c-ETV5 axis in β-cell dysfunction and pathophysiology of T2D.
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Esguerra JLS, Ofori JK, Nagao M, Shuto Y, Karagiannopoulos A, Fadista J, Sugihara H, Groop L, Eliasson L. Glucocorticoid induces human beta cell dysfunction by involving riborepressor GAS5 LincRNA. Mol Metab 2020; 32:160-167. [PMID: 32029226 PMCID: PMC6976904 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A widely recognized metabolic side effect of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy is steroid-induced diabetes mellitus (DM). However, studies on the molecular basis of GC-induced pancreatic beta cell dysfunction in human beta cells are lacking. The significance of non-coding RNAs in various cellular processes is emerging. In this study, we aimed to show the direct negative impact of GC on beta cell function and elucidate the role of riborepressor GAS5 lincRNA in the GC signaling pathway in human pancreatic beta cells. METHODS Patients undergoing two weeks of high-dose prednisolone therapy were monitored for C-peptide levels. Human pancreatic islets and the human beta cell line EndoC-βH1 were incubated in pharmacological concentrations of dexamethasone. The GAS5 level was modulated using anti-sense LNA gapmeR or short oligonucleotides with GAS5 HREM (hormone response element motif). Immunoblotting and/or real-time PCR were used to assess changes in protein and RNA expression, respectively. Functional characterization included glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and apoptosis assays. Correlation analysis was performed on RNAseq data of human pancreatic islets. RESULTS We found reduced C-peptide levels in patients undergoing high-dose GC therapy. Human islets and the human beta cell line EndoC-βH1 exposed to GC exhibited reduced insulin secretion and increased apoptosis. Concomitantly, reduced expression of important beta cell transcription factors, PDX1 and NKX6-1, as well as exocytotic protein SYT13 were observed. The expression of the glucocorticoid receptor was decreased, while that of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) was elevated. The expression of these genes was found to significantly correlate with GAS5 in human islet transcriptomics data. Increasing GAS5 levels using GAS5 HREM alleviated the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone on insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS The direct adverse effect of glucocorticoid in human beta cell function is mediated via important beta cell proteins and components of the GC signaling pathway in an intricate interplay with GAS5 lincRNA, a potentially novel therapeutic target to counter GC-mediated beta cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L S Esguerra
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Jones K Ofori
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mototsugu Nagao
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yuki Shuto
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alexandros Karagiannopoulos
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Joao Fadista
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Hitoshi Sugihara
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leif Groop
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Department of Clinical Sciences-Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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