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Fadul CE, Sarai G, Bovi JA, Thomas AA, Novicoff W, Anderson R, Amidon RF, Schuetz S, Singh R, Chang A, Gentzler RD, Gaughan EM, Sheehan JP. Relevance of the Updated Recursive Partitioning Analysis (U-RPA) Classification in the Contemporary Care of Patients with Brain Metastases. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3255. [PMID: 37370865 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with brain metastases (BMETS) need information about the prognosis and potential value of treatment options to make informed therapeutic decisions, but tools to predict survival in contemporary practice are scarce. We propose an Updated Recursive Partitioning Analysis (U-RPA) instrument to predict survival and benefit from brain-directed treatment (BDT) of contemporary patients. This was a retrospective analysis of patients with BMETS treated between 2017 and 2019. With survival as the primary endpoint, we calculated the U-RPA and generated estimates using Kaplan-Meier curves and hazard ratios. Of 862 eligible patients, 752 received BDT and 110 received best supportive care (BSC). Median overall survival with BDT and BSC was 9.3 and 1.3 months, respectively. Patients in RPA class 1, 2A, 2B and 3 who underwent BDT had median survival of 28.1, 14.7, 7.6 and 3.3 months, respectively. The median survival for patients in RPA 3 who received BDT (n = 147), WBRT (n = 79) and SRS (n = 54) was 3.3, 2.9 and 4.1 months, respectively. The U-RPA defines prognosis estimates, independent of tumor type and treatment modality, which can assist to make value-based care treatment decisions. The prognosis for patients in U-RPA class 2B and 3 remains poor, with consideration for early palliative care involvement in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo E Fadul
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Guneet Sarai
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Joseph A Bovi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53222, USA
| | - Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Wendy Novicoff
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Roger Anderson
- Population Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ryan F Amidon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53222, USA
| | - Samantha Schuetz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Amy Chang
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ryan D Gentzler
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gaughan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Brastianos PK, Twohy EL, Gerstner ER, Kaufmann TJ, Iafrate AJ, Lennerz J, Jeyapalan S, Piccioni DE, Monga V, Fadul CE, Schiff D, Taylor JW, Chowdhary SA, Bettegowda C, Ansstas G, De La Fuente M, Anderson MD, Shonka N, Damek D, Carrillo J, Kunschner-Ronan LJ, Chaudhary R, Jaeckle KA, Senecal FM, Kaley T, Morrison T, Thomas AA, Welch MR, Iwamoto F, Cachia D, Cohen AL, Vora S, Knopp M, Dunn IF, Kumthekar P, Sarkaria J, Geyer S, Carrero XW, Martinez-Lage M, Cahill DP, Brown PD, Giannini C, Santagata S, Barker FG, Galanis E. Alliance A071401: Phase II Trial of Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition in Meningiomas With Somatic NF2 Mutations. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:618-628. [PMID: 36288512 PMCID: PMC9870228 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with progressive or recurrent meningiomas have limited systemic therapy options. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibition has a synthetic lethal relationship with NF2 loss. Given the predominance of NF2 mutations in meningiomas, we evaluated the efficacy of GSK2256098, a FAK inhibitor, as part of the first genomically driven phase II study in recurrent or progressive grade 1-3 meningiomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients whose tumors screened positively for NF2 mutations were treated with GSK2256098, 750 mg orally twice daily, until progressive disease. Efficacy was evaluated using two coprimary end points: progression-free survival at 6 months (PFS6) and response rate by Macdonald criteria, where PFS6 was evaluated separately within grade-based subgroups: grade 1 versus 2/3 meningiomas. Per study design, the FAK inhibitor would be considered promising in this patient population if either end point met the corresponding decision criteria for efficacy. RESULTS Of 322 patients screened for all mutation cohorts of the study, 36 eligible and evaluable patients with NF2 mutations were enrolled and treated: 12 grade 1 and 24 grade 2/3 patients. Across all grades, one patient had a partial response and 24 had stable disease as their best response to treatment. In grade 1 patients, the observed PFS6 rate was 83% (10/12 patients; 95% CI, 52 to 98). In grade 2/3 patients, the observed PFS6 rate was 33% (8/24 patients; 95% CI, 16 to 55). The study met the PFS6 efficacy end point both for the grade 1 and the grade 2/3 cohorts. Treatment was well tolerated; seven patients had a maximum grade 3 adverse event that was at least possibly related to treatment with no grade 4 or 5 events. CONCLUSION GSK2256098 was well tolerated and resulted in an improved PFS6 rate in patients with recurrent or progressive NF2-mutated meningiomas, compared with historical controls. The criteria for promising activity were met, and FAK inhibition warrants further evaluation for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin L. Twohy
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - A. John Iafrate
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jochen Lennerz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - David Schiff
- University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jennie W. Taylor
- University of California, San Francisco Brain Tumor Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sajeel A. Chowdhary
- Lynn Cancer Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital/Baptist Hospital South Florida, Boca Raton, FL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Kaley
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Mary R. Welch
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Fabio Iwamoto
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Shivangi Vora
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Michael Knopp
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Ian F. Dunn
- College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | | | - Susan Geyer
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Xiomara W. Carrero
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Daniel P. Cahill
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Sandro Santagata
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Karbhari N, Thomas AA. Clinical management of brain tumors in pregnancy. Curr Opin Oncol 2022; 34:691-697. [PMID: 36170169 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the diagnostic tools, treatment options, and clinical management for brain tumors diagnosed in pregnancy with consideration for management approaches that are best suited to preserve maternal and fetal health. RECENT FINDINGS Women of child-bearing age are at risk of developing brain tumors and are at increased risk compared with male counterparts for tumors that are hormonally driven. Brain tumors are rare neoplasms, and diagnosis of brain tumors in pregnancy is uncommon, such that management guidelines and treatment recommendations are lacking for most tumor types. We discuss the standard treatment options for brain tumors and the relative risks and safety when these treatments are considered during pregnancy. We review the neoplasms most commonly affecting pregnant women and the existing literature and guidelines. SUMMARY Pregnancy is a unique phase of life in which hormonal, immunologic, and vascular changes may impact tumor growth and presentation. Treatment decisions should consider the symptoms and stability of the pregnant patients, the gestational age and health of the fetus, and the location and behavior of the neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishika Karbhari
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, NH
| | - Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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Sarai G, Amidon RF, Bovi JA, Thomas AA, Novicoff W, Schuetz S, Singh R, Chang A, Sheehan JP, Fadul CE. CLRM-13 RELEVANCE OF RECURSIVE PARTITIONING ANALYSIS (RPA) CLASSIFICATION IN THE CURRENT CARE OF PATIENTS WITH BRAIN METASTASES (BMETS). Neurooncol Adv 2022. [PMCID: PMC9354187 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac078.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients diagnosed with BMETS want to know their prognosis and the benefit of treatment to make informed decisions. Clinician and patient biases frequently provide survival estimates that are too optimistic or pessimistic. We postulated that that RPA remains a useful tool to communicate prognosis and potential benefit from brain-directed treatment (BDT). We evaluated real-world data on RPA class and survival of patients with newly diagnosed BMETS from three academic institutions. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with BMETS between 2017 and 2019 who had at least 6 months of follow up. Excluded were patients with leptomeningeal or only dural/calvarial metastases. We calculated the RPA and according to class compared Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS We have data on 642 cases with median age of 65 years; 80% had lung, breast, melanoma, and renal as the primary cancer. Sixty (9.3%) patients received palliative care only, while 582 (90.7%) had BDT. The median survival of all patients according to RPA in months was 18.0 (I), 9.4 (II), and 2.4 (III) and for those receiving BDT (n=582), it was 19.2 (I), 11.2 (II), and 2.9 (III). There were statistically significant differences for BDT survival curves adjusted for multiple comparisons (I-II p=0.0124; II-III p<0.0001; I-III p<0.0001). For patients in RPA class III who received WBRT (n=62), the median survival was 2.9 months, and, for SRS (n=37), it was 3.5 months. We will present updated data including additional 238 cases and propose predictive/prognostic models based on our cohort that optimizes the RPA application in clinical practice. CONCLUSION In contemporary practice, the RPA classification remains significantly relevant in making care decisions for patients diagnosed with BMETS. Treatment recommendations for patients in RPA class III should be the result of multidisciplinary discussions with consideration for early palliative care involvement to de-escalate and avoid inefficacious BDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guneet Sarai
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, VA , USA
| | - Ryan F Amidon
- The Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI , USA
| | - Joesph A Bovi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI , USA
| | - Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, VT , USA
| | - Wendy Novicoff
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, VA , USA
| | - Samantha Schuetz
- University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, VT , USA
| | - Rohit Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont/Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, VT , USA
| | - Amy Chang
- University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, VT , USA
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, VA , USA
| | - Camilo E Fadul
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, VA , USA
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Hanna SS, Jewell R, Anker CJ, DeWitt JC, Tranmer B, Thomas AA. Clinical Reasoning: A 67-Year-Old Woman With Abdominal Pain, Constipation, and Urinary Retention. Neurology 2022; 99:117-122. [PMID: 35523586 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningeal melanocytomas are extremely rare, pigmented tumors of the CNS. They generally carry a favorable prognosis, although recurrence and transformation into the more aggressive malignant melanoma have been reported. We present a case of a patient who reported constipation and abdominal pain around the umbilicus, which progressed into cord compression with lower extremity weakness and gait instability. Spinal MRI revealed a tumor at the level of T11, and she underwent gross total resection of the mass. Pathology demonstrated a meningeal melanocytoma with intermediate features. She received postoperative radiation therapy and had stable disease for 3 years, at which time she developed new weakness and drop metastases. This case represents a rare presentation of a rare disease, in which a spinal cord tumor presented with constipation and abdominal distress. Intradural extramedullary tumors of the thoracic spine are most commonly nerve sheath tumors or meningiomas, but rare entities such as melanocytomas can present in this location; even more rarely, these tumors can have an aggressive course with delayed recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian S Hanna
- From the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine (S.S.H., R.J., C.J.A., J.C.D., B.T., A.A.T.), Burlington; Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery (R.J., B.T.); Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology (C.J.A.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.C.D.); and Department of Neurological Sciences (A.A.T.).
| | - Ryan Jewell
- From the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine (S.S.H., R.J., C.J.A., J.C.D., B.T., A.A.T.), Burlington; Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery (R.J., B.T.); Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology (C.J.A.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.C.D.); and Department of Neurological Sciences (A.A.T.)
| | - Christopher J Anker
- From the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine (S.S.H., R.J., C.J.A., J.C.D., B.T., A.A.T.), Burlington; Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery (R.J., B.T.); Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology (C.J.A.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.C.D.); and Department of Neurological Sciences (A.A.T.)
| | - John C DeWitt
- From the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine (S.S.H., R.J., C.J.A., J.C.D., B.T., A.A.T.), Burlington; Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery (R.J., B.T.); Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology (C.J.A.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.C.D.); and Department of Neurological Sciences (A.A.T.)
| | - Bruce Tranmer
- From the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine (S.S.H., R.J., C.J.A., J.C.D., B.T., A.A.T.), Burlington; Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery (R.J., B.T.); Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology (C.J.A.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.C.D.); and Department of Neurological Sciences (A.A.T.)
| | - Alissa A Thomas
- From the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine (S.S.H., R.J., C.J.A., J.C.D., B.T., A.A.T.), Burlington; Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery (R.J., B.T.); Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology (C.J.A.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (J.C.D.); and Department of Neurological Sciences (A.A.T.)
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Walsh LE, Polacek LC, Panageas K, Reiner A, Walbert T, Thomas AA, Buthorn J, Sigler A, Prigerson HG, Applebaum AJ, Diamond EL. Coping with glioblastoma: prognostic communication and prognostic understanding among patients with recurrent glioblastoma, caregivers, and oncologists. J Neurooncol 2022; 158:69-79. [PMID: 35437688 PMCID: PMC10022487 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating neuro-oncologic disease with invariably poor prognosis. Despite this, research shows patients have unrealistic perceptions of their prognosis, which may relate in part to communication patterns between patients, caregivers and oncologists. The purpose of this study was to examine communication processes and goals among patients, caregivers, and oncologists to elucidate drivers of prognostic understanding (PU) in the context of recurrent GBM. METHODS This was a prospective, multi-center study enrolling adult patients with GBM, caregivers, and oncologists, who independently reported the content of a specific discussion involving the disclosure of GBM recurrence. Communication processes and goals were characterized for each participant, and concordance between all dyads and patient-caregiver-oncologist triads were calculated. RESULTS Seventeen patient, caregiver, and oncologist triads were analyzed. At the individual level, three (17.6%) patients and 8 (47.1%) caregivers reported having discussed prognosis during the clinical encounter, as compared to ten oncologists (58.8%). Seven patients (41.2%) and 5 caregivers (29.4%), versus thirteen oncologists (76.5%) reported ever discussing prognosis or life expectancy at previous appointments. Generally, patient-caregiver concordance (i.e., both answered the same) regarding communication goals and processes was low. Triads showed limited concordant responses in discussing curability (n = 5), prognosis (n = 4), end-of-life treatment goals (n = 4), and ever discussing prognosis (n = 3). CONCLUSION Patients, caregivers and oncologists had discordant views regarding communication processes and prognostic goals, even when recalling a single discussion. This study highlights the importance of clear and frequent communication about prognosis, and the need for further research on communication and PU in the neuro-oncology setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah E Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura C Polacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Panageas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Walbert
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System and Department of Neurology Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Justin Buthorn
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison Sigler
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Holly G Prigerson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Research on End of Life Care, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison J Applebaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eli L Diamond
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Ades S, Herrera DA, Lahey T, Thomas AA, Jasra S, Barry M, Sprague J, Dittus K, Plante TB, Kelly J, Kaufman PA, Khan F, Hammond CJ, Gernander K, Parsons P, Holmes C. Cancer Care in the Wake of a Cyberattack: How to Prepare and What to Expect. JCO Oncol Pract 2022; 18:23-34. [PMID: 34339260 PMCID: PMC8758119 DOI: 10.1200/op.21.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyberattacks targeting health care organizations are becoming more frequent and affect all aspects of care delivery. Cancer care is particularly susceptible to major disruptions because of the potential of immediate and long-term consequences for patients who often rely on timely diagnostic testing and regular administration of systemic therapy in addition to other local treatment modalities to cure or control their diseases. On October 28, 2020, a cyberattack was launched on the University of Vermont Health Network with wide-ranging consequences for oncology, including loss of access to all network intranet servers, e-mail communications, and the electronic medical record (EMR). METHODS This review details the immediate challenges faced by hematology and oncology during the cyberattack. The impact and response on inpatient, outpatient, and special patient populations are described. Steps that other academic- and community-based oncology practices can take to lessen the brunt of such an assault are suggested. RESULTS The two areas of immediate impact after the cyberattack were communications and lack of EMR access. The oncology-specific impact included loss of the individualized EMR chemotherapy plan templates and electronic safeguards built into multistep treatment preparation and delivery. With loss of access to schedules, basic patient information, encrypted communications platforms and radiology, and laboratory and pharmacy services, clinical outpatient care delivery was reduced by 40%. The infusion visit volume dropped by 52% in the first week and new patients could not access necessary services for timely diagnostic evaluation, requiring the creation of command centers to oversee ethical and transparent triage and allocation of systemic therapies and address new patient referrals. This included appropriate transfer of patients to alternate sites to minimize delays. Inpatient care including transitions of care was particularly challenging and addressing patient populations whose survival might be affected by delays in care. CONCLUSION Oncology health care leaders and providers should be aware of the potential impact of a cyberattack on cancer care delivery and preventively develop processes to mitigate the impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ades
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT,Steven Ades, MD, MSc, University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT; e-mail:
| | | | - Tim Lahey
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | | | - Sakshi Jasra
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT
| | - Maura Barry
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT
| | | | - Kim Dittus
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT
| | | | - Jamie Kelly
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT
| | | | - Farrah Khan
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT
| | | | | | - Polly Parsons
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Chris Holmes
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT
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Beach IR, Olszewski AM, Thomas AA, DeWitt JC, Liebelt BD. Multifocal metastases to choroid plexus from papillary thyroid carcinoma: illustrative case. Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons 2021; 2:CASE21436. [PMID: 35855300 PMCID: PMC9265197 DOI: 10.3171/case21436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Choroid plexus metastases are extremely rare from all types of malignancy, with only 42 cases reported in the literature thus far. Most of these originate from renal cell carcinoma and present as a solitary choroid plexus lesion; only two cases of multifocal choroid plexus metastases have been reported to date.
OBSERVATIONS
The authors report the third case of multifocal metastases to the choroid plexus, that of a 75-year-old man who developed three measurable choroid plexus lesions approximately 3.5 years after undergoing total thyroidectomy and chemotherapy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. He underwent intraventricular biopsy of the largest lesion and subsequently died of hydrocephalus after opting for comfort care only.
LESSONS
This is the third case of multifocal choroid plexus metastasis in the literature and the second case of multifocal metastasis from thyroid carcinoma. As such, the natural disease course is not well characterized. This case is compared with the previous eight reports of choroid plexus metastases from thyroid carcinoma, seven of which involved solitary lesions. The eight prior cases are evaluated with attention to treatment modalities used and factors potentially influencing prognosis, specifically those that might contribute to hydrocephalus, a reported complication for this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora R. Beach
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont; and
| | | | | | - John C. DeWitt
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
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Thomas AA, Wright H, Chan K, Ross H, Prasad P, Goodwin A, Holmes CE. Safety of apixaban for venous thromboembolic primary prophylaxis in patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 53:479-484. [PMID: 34347201 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The cumulative incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) among patients with malignant gliomas (MG) is estimated to be as high as 36% during the course of therapy. Development of VTE is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, delays in cancer treatment, and an increased risk of complications including intracranial hemorrhage as well as VTE specific symptoms. Despite the high risk of VTE and associated morbidity, there is no standard recommendations regarding long term outpatient VTE prophylaxis in patients with MG due to the lack of clinical trial evidence in this patient population. In this study, we treated ten patients with newly diagnosed MG with apixaban, 2.5 mg twice daily beginning 2-21 days after craniotomy and continuing for up to 6 months. Unacceptable toxicity was defined by ≥ grade 2 CNS or non-CNS hemorrhage, a thromboembolic event (i.e. stroke) or cardiovascular event requiring anticoagulation or anti-platelet therapy. There were no unacceptable toxicities to report and no treatment-related adverse events. None of the patients on the study were diagnosed with a VTE while receiving apixaban. We conclude that apixaban can be given safely to patients with primary MG shortly after craniotomy and should be considered for VTE prevention in these high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, Given D401, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Heather Wright
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kelly Chan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave, Given D401, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Hannah Ross
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Prachi Prasad
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Andrew Goodwin
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Chris E Holmes
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
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10
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Chukwueke UN, Vera E, Acquaye A, Hervey-Jumper SL, Odia Y, Klesse LJ, Dunbar E, Sharma A, Fonkem E, Thomas AA, Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE, Camelo-Piragua S, Gatson NTN, de la Fuente MI, Armstrong TS, Porter AB, Jackson S. SNO 2020 diversity survey: defining demographics, racial biases, career success metrics and a path forward for the field of neuro-oncology. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1845-1858. [PMID: 34302487 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuro-oncology has grown tremendously since 2010, marked by increasing society membership, specialized clinical expertise, and new journals. Yet, modest improvement in racial/ethnic diversity amongst clinical trial participants, researchers and clinicians led us to conduct a survey to identify opportunities to enhance diversity and inclusiveness amongst neuro-oncology professionals. METHODS In summer 2020, the Women and Diversity Committee of the Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) distributed an anonymous online survey to members and affiliates including European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO), Asian Society for Neuro-Oncology (ASNO), Society for Neuro-Oncology Latin America (SNOLA) and Society for Neuro-Oncology Sub-Saharan Africa (SNOSSA). The survey captured personal and professional characteristics, biases, effective mentorship qualities, career service metrics and suggested field/society changes. Results were analyzed by geography, profession, age, racial/ethnic and sexual identity. Standard descriptive statistics characterized the study population. RESULTS The 386 respondents were predominantly female (58%) with a median age range of 40-49 years (31%), White (65%), and SNO members (97%). Most worked in North America (77%) in a research profession (67%). A majority of White respondents reported never experiencing biases (64%), while the majority of non-White respondents reported unconscious biases/microaggressions, followed by a lack of/limited mentorship. Qualitative assessments showcased that personal/professional success metrics were linked to needed improvements in diversity and inclusion efforts within the neuro-oncology field. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of racial/ethnic biases and poor mentorship rates amongst underrepresented groups in neuro-oncology is high and potentially linked to the limited diverse representation amongst members and affiliates. These findings warrant a swift implementation of equity and inclusion practices within the neuro-oncology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugonma N Chukwueke
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | - Shawn L Hervey-Jumper
- Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco and Weill Institute for Neurosciences.,Neuro-Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute (MCI) at Baptist Health South Florida (BHSF)
| | - Yazmin Odia
- Neuro-Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute (MCI) at Baptist Health South Florida (BHSF)
| | - Laura J Klesse
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Erin Dunbar
- Brain Tumor Center, Piedmont Atlanta Hospital
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, Pacific Neuroscience Institute at John Wayne Cancer Institute
| | | | - Alissa A Thomas
- Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Macarena I de la Fuente
- Neuro-Oncology Division, Department of Neurology/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami
| | | | - Alyx B Porter
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Sadhana Jackson
- Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, and Pediatric Oncology Branch, NCI, NIH
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11
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Landry KK, Ely J, Thomas AA. Experience and Attitudes Regarding Medical Aid in Dying, Act 39, among Vermont Primary Care Physicians: A Call for More Education and Resources. J Palliat Med 2021; 24:5-6. [PMID: 33393885 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2020.0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kara K Landry
- Department of Hematology and Oncology and Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Janet Ely
- Department of Hematology and Oncology and Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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12
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Mrugala MM, Ostrom QT, Pressley SM, Taylor JW, Thomas AA, Wefel JS, Coven SL, Acquaye AA, Haynes C, Agnihotri S, Lim M, Peters KB, Sulman EP, Salcido JT, Butowski NA, Hervey-Jumper S, Mansouri A, Oliver KR, Porter AB, Nassiri F, Schiff D, Dunbar EM, Hegi ME, Armstrong TS, van den Bent MJ, Chang SM, Zadeh G, Chheda MG. The state of neuro-oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic: a worldwide assessment. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab035. [PMID: 34007966 PMCID: PMC7928618 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It remains unknown how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed neuro-oncology clinical practice, training, and research efforts. Methods We performed an international survey of practitioners, scientists, and trainees from 21 neuro-oncology organizations across 6 continents, April 24-May 17, 2020. We assessed clinical practice and research environments, institutional preparedness and support, and perceived impact on patients. Results Of 582 respondents, 258 (45%) were US-based and 314 (55%) international. Ninety-four percent of participants reported changes in their clinical practice. Ninety-five percent of respondents converted at least some practice to telemedicine. Ten percent of practitioners felt the need to see patients in person, specifically because of billing concerns and pressure from their institutions. Sixty-seven percent of practitioners suspended enrollment for at least one clinical trial, including 62% suspending phase III trial enrollments. More than 50% believed neuro-oncology patients were at increased risk for COVID-19. Seventy-one percent of clinicians feared for their own personal safety or that of their families, specifically because of their clinical duties; 20% had inadequate personal protective equipment. While 69% reported increased stress, 44% received no psychosocial support from their institutions. Thirty-seven percent had salary reductions and 63% of researchers temporarily closed their laboratories. However, the pandemic created positive changes in perceived patient satisfaction, communication quality, and technology use to deliver care and mediate interactions with other practitioners. Conclusions The pandemic has changed treatment schedules and limited investigational treatment options. Institutional lack of support created clinician and researcher anxiety. Communication with patients was satisfactory. We make recommendations to guide clinical and scientific infrastructure moving forward and address the personal challenges of providers and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quinn T Ostrom
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology & Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jennie W Taylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Wefel
- Departments of Neuro-Oncology and Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott L Coven
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alvina A Acquaye
- Neuro-oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chas Haynes
- Society for Neuro-oncology, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine B Peters
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Brain and Spine Tumor Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joanne T Salcido
- Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas A Butowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shawn Hervey-Jumper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alireza Mansouri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Alyx B Porter
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.,Departments of Neurologic Surgery and Hematology Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Farshad Nassiri
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Schiff
- Departments of Neurology, Neurological Surgery and Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Monika E Hegi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Terri S Armstrong
- Neuro-oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milan G Chheda
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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13
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14
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Landry KK, Ely J, Thomas AA. Experience and Attitudes Regarding Medical Aid in Dying, Act 39, among Vermont Specialty Practices. J Palliat Med 2020; 23:375-378. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2019.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kara K. Landry
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Janet Ely
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Alissa A. Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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15
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Eckenstein M, Thomas AA. Benign and malignant tumors of the central nervous system and pregnancy. Handb Clin Neurol 2020; 172:241-258. [PMID: 32768091 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64240-0.00014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare entities, typically affecting the very young or the very old, but span a spectrum of disease that may present in any age group. Women of reproductive age are more likely to be affected by benign tumors, including pituitary adenomas and meningiomas, and aggressive intracranial malignancies, such as brain metastases and glioblastoma, rarely present in pregnancy. Definitive management of CNS tumors may involve multimodal therapy, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, and each of these treatments carries risk to the mother and developing fetus. CNS tumors often present with challenging and morbid symptoms such as headache and seizure, which need to be managed throughout a pregnancy. Decisions about timing treatment during pregnancy or delaying until after delivery, continuing or electively terminating a pregnancy, and future family planning and fertility are complex and require a multidisciplinary care team to evaluate the implications to both mother and baby. There are no guidelines or consensus recommendations regarding brain tumor management in pregnancy, and thus, individual treatment decisions are made by the care team based on experiential evidence, extrapolation of guidelines for nonpregnant patients, and patient values and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Eckenstein
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States.
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16
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Argersinger DP, Natkha VP, Shepard MJ, Thomas AA, Oler AJ, Williamson PR, Chittiboina P, Heiss JD. Intradural cauda equina Candida abscess presenting with hydrocephalus: case report. J Neurosurg Spine 2019; 31:890-893. [PMID: 31470401 PMCID: PMC7339489 DOI: 10.3171/2019.6.spine19271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) candida infections are often associated with a poor prognosis. Typically, CNS candidiasis presents as meningitis or microabscesses. Here, the authors report a patient with a challenging presentation of a CNS Candida infection as a discrete, large cauda equina abscess. The patient initially presented with ventriculomegaly due to fourth ventricular outflow obstruction and a cauda equina mass. The patient was treated with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and underwent a lumbar laminectomy for exploration of the lumbar lesion. An intradural abscess was encountered during surgery. Fungal wet mount revealed fungal elements and polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of Candida albicans. The patient did not have any known predisposition to fungal infections; therefore, the authors performed whole-exome sequencing using peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA. They found heterozygous missense variants in the following genes: colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) and Ras protein-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 (RASGRF1)-genes that have been specifically associated with protection from CNS candidiasis via caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) signaling, and phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2)-a lectin receptor involved in candidiasis. The authors' experience suggests that C. albicans can present as a cauda equina abscess. Hydrocephalus, a result of diffuse arachnoiditis, is a potential complication from intradural fungal abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis P. Argersinger
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vitaliy P. Natkha
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Matthew J. Shepard
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Alissa A. Thomas
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Andrew J. Oler
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter R. Williamson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Prashant Chittiboina
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Neurosurgery Unit for Pituitary and Inheritable Disorders, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John D. Heiss
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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17
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Thomas AA, Tucker SM, Nelson CJ, Nickerson JP, Durham SR, Homans AC. Anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with leptomeningeal dissemination responsive to BRAF inhibition and bevacizumab. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27465. [PMID: 30255633 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Suzanne M Tucker
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Carl J Nelson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Joshua P Nickerson
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Susan R Durham
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Alan C Homans
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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18
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Decker BM, Noyes CD, Ramundo MB, Thomas AA. Fungal cauda equina lesion with delayed cord compression and treatment response. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018; 174:185-186. [PMID: 30261476 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This is a 24 year old man with profound chronic hydrocephalus found to have a cauda equina abscess composed of Candida albicans. Prior literature reveals a paucity of central nervous system candidiasis. In these previously reported cases, there was evidence of local invasion of surrounding structures; however, this case is a sentinel report of a fungal abscess without evidence of local structural invasion. The patient's course was complicated by clinical and radiographic worsening to cauda equina syndrome, requiring emergent surgical decompression, despite appropriate antifungal treatment. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenge of this rare entity and the need for close follow up with this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Decker
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05401, United States.
| | - Cindy D Noyes
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Department of Infectious Disease, 111 Colchester Avenue Main Campus, East Pavilion, Level 5, Burlington, VT, 05401, United States.
| | - Mary B Ramundo
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Department of Infectious Disease, 111 Colchester Avenue Main Campus, East Pavilion, Level 5, Burlington, VT, 05401, United States.
| | - Alissa A Thomas
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05401, United States.
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19
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Thomas AA, Abrey LE, Terziev R, Raizer J, Martinez NL, Forsyth P, Paleologos N, Matasar M, Sauter CS, Moskowitz C, Nimer SD, DeAngelis LM, Kaley T, Grimm S, Louis DN, Cairncross JG, Panageas KS, Briggs S, Faivre G, Mohile NA, Mehta J, Jonsson P, Chakravarty D, Gao J, Schultz N, Brennan CW, Huse JT, Omuro A. Multicenter phase II study of temozolomide and myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplant for newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:1380-1390. [PMID: 28472509 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA) are chemotherapy-sensitive tumors with prolonged survival after radiochemotherapy. We report a prospective trial using induction temozolomide (TMZ) followed by myeloablative high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous stem-cell transplant (ASCT) as a potential strategy to defer radiotherapy. Methods Patients with AO/AOA received 6 cycles of TMZ (200 mg/m2 × 5/28 day). Responding patients were eligible for HDC (thiotepa 250 mg/m2/day × 3 days, then busulfan 3.2 mg/kg/day × 3 days), followed by ASCT. Genomic characterization was performed using next-generation sequencing. Results Forty-one patients were enrolled; 85% had 1p/19q codeleted tumors. After induction, 26 patients were eligible for HDC-ASCT and 21 agreed to proceed. There were no unexpected adverse events or toxic deaths. After median follow-up of 66 months, 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) for transplanted patients was 86%, 5-year PFS 60%, and no patient has died. Among all 1p/19q codeleted patients (N = 33), 5-year PFS was 50% and 5-year overall survival (OS) 93%, with median time to radiotherapy not reached. Next-generation sequencing disclosed typical oligodendroglioma-related mutations, including IDH1, TERT, CIC, and FUBP1 mutations in 1p/19q codeleted patients, and glioblastoma-like signatures in 1p/19q intact patients. Aside from IDH1, potentially oncogenic/actionable mutations were variable, depicting wide molecular heterogeneity within oligodendroglial tumors. Conclusions TMZ followed by HDC-ASCT can be safely administered to patients with newly diagnosed 1p/19q codeleted AO. This strategy was associated with promising PFS and OS, suggesting that a chemotherapy-based approach may delay the need for radiotherapy and radiation-related toxicities. Raw data for further genomic and meta-analyses are publicly available at http://cbioportal.org/study?id=odg_msk_2017, accessed 6 January 2017. Clinicaltrials.gov registry NCT00588523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Thomas
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren E Abrey
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Terziev
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey Raizer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nina L Martinez
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter Forsyth
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nina Paleologos
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Matasar
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Craig S Sauter
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Craig Moskowitz
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa M DeAngelis
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Kaley
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sean Grimm
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David N Louis
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - J Gregory Cairncross
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine S Panageas
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Samuel Briggs
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Geraldine Faivre
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nimish A Mohile
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jayesh Mehta
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip Jonsson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Debyani Chakravarty
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianjiong Gao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cameron W Brennan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason T Huse
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Antonio Omuro
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,USA; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA; NorthShore University, Evanston, Illinois,USA; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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20
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Kolb NA, Trevino CR, Waheed W, Sobhani F, Landry KK, Thomas AA, Hehir M. Neuromuscular complications of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Muscle Nerve 2018; 58:10-22. [PMID: 29342325 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) therapy unleashes the body's natural immune system to fight cancer. ICPIs improve overall cancer survival, however, the unbridling of the immune system may induce a variety of immune-related adverse events. Neuromuscular immune complications are rare but they can be severe. Myasthenia gravis and inflammatory neuropathy are the most common neuromuscular adverse events but a variety of others including inflammatory myopathy are reported. The pathophysiologic mechanism of these autoimmune disorders may differ from that of non-ICPI-related immune diseases. Accordingly, while the optimal treatment for ICPI-related neuromuscular disorders generally follows a traditional paradigm, there are important novel considerations in selecting appropriate immunosuppressive therapy. This review presents 2 new cases, a summary of neuromuscular ICPI complications, and an approach to the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. Muscle Nerve, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Kolb
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Waqar Waheed
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Fatemeh Sobhani
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Kara K Landry
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Medical Center, 1 South Prospect Street, MS 405AR2, Burlington, Vermont, 05401, USA
| | - Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Mike Hehir
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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21
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Grommes C, Pastore A, Palaskas N, Tang SS, Campos C, Schartz D, Codega P, Nichol D, Clark O, Hsieh WY, Rohle D, Rosenblum M, Viale A, Tabar VS, Brennan CW, Gavrilovic IT, Kaley TJ, Nolan CP, Omuro A, Pentsova E, Thomas AA, Tsyvkin E, Noy A, Palomba ML, Hamlin P, Sauter CS, Moskowitz CH, Wolfe J, Dogan A, Won M, Glass J, Peak S, Lallana EC, Hatzoglou V, Reiner AS, Gutin PH, Huse JT, Panageas KS, Graeber TG, Schultz N, DeAngelis LM, Mellinghoff IK. Ibrutinib Unmasks Critical Role of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase in Primary CNS Lymphoma. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:1018-1029. [PMID: 28619981 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) links the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and Toll-like receptors with NF-κB. The role of BTK in primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL) is unknown. We performed a phase I clinical trial with ibrutinib, the first-in-class BTK inhibitor, for patients with relapsed or refractory CNS lymphoma. Clinical responses to ibrutinib occurred in 10 of 13 (77%) patients with PCNSL, including five complete responses. The only PCNSL with complete ibrutinib resistance harbored a mutation within the coiled-coil domain of CARD11, a known ibrutinib resistance mechanism. Incomplete tumor responses were associated with mutations in the B-cell antigen receptor-associated protein CD79B. CD79B-mutant PCNSLs showed enrichment of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-related gene sets and increased staining with PI3K/mTOR activation markers. Inhibition of the PI3K isoforms p110α/p110δ or mTOR synergized with ibrutinib to induce cell death in CD79B-mutant PCNSL cells.Significance: Ibrutinib has substantial activity in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma of the CNS. Response rates in PCNSL were considerably higher than reported for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma outside the CNS, suggesting a divergent molecular pathogenesis. Combined inhibition of BTK and PI3K/mTOR may augment the ibrutinib response in CD79B-mutant human PCNSLs. Cancer Discov; 7(9); 1018-29. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Lakshmanan and Byrd, p. 940This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 920.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Grommes
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alessandro Pastore
- Department of Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nicolaos Palaskas
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sarah S Tang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Carl Campos
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Derrek Schartz
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paolo Codega
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Donna Nichol
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Owen Clark
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wan-Ying Hsieh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dan Rohle
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc Rosenblum
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Agnes Viale
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Viviane S Tabar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cameron W Brennan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Igor T Gavrilovic
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Thomas J Kaley
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Craig P Nolan
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Antonio Omuro
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Elena Pentsova
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elina Tsyvkin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ariela Noy
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - M Lia Palomba
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Paul Hamlin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Craig S Sauter
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Craig H Moskowitz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Julia Wolfe
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Minhee Won
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jon Glass
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott Peak
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Permanente Medical Group, Sacramento, California
| | - Enrico C Lallana
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The Permanente Medical Group, Redwood City, California
| | - Vaios Hatzoglou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anne S Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Philip H Gutin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason T Huse
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Katherine S Panageas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lisa M DeAngelis
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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22
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Thomas AA, Fisher JL, Hampton TH, Christensen BC, Tsongalis GJ, Rahme GJ, Whipple CA, Steel SE, Davis MC, Gaur AB, Lewis LD, Ernstoff MS, Fadul CE. Immune modulation associated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) blockade in patients with glioblastoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:379-389. [PMID: 27942839 PMCID: PMC11028819 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in addition to being pro-angiogenic, is an immunomodulatory cytokine systemically and in the tumor microenvironment. We previously reported the immunomodulatory effects of radiation and temozolomide (TMZ) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. This study aimed to assess changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations, plasma cytokines, and growth factor concentrations following treatment with radiation, TMZ, and bevacizumab (BEV). METHODS Eleven patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma were treated with radiation, TMZ, and BEV, following surgery. We measured immune-related PBMC subsets using multi-parameter flow cytometry and plasma cytokine and growth factor concentrations using electrochemiluminescence-based multiplex analysis at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. RESULTS The absolute number of peripheral blood regulatory T cells (Tregs) decreased significantly following treatment. The lower number of peripheral Tregs was associated with a CD4+ lymphopenia, and thus, the ratio of Tregs to PBMCs was unchanged. The addition of bevacizumab to standard radiation and temozolomide led to the decrease in the number of circulating Tregs when compared with our prior study. There was a significant decrease in CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ recent thymic emigrant T cells, but no change in the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Significant increases in plasma VEGF and placental growth factor (PlGF) concentrations were observed. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with radiation, TMZ, and BEV decreased the number but not the proportion of peripheral Tregs and increased the concentration of circulating VEGF. This shift in the peripheral immune cell profile may modulate the tumor environment and have implications for combining immunotherapy with anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Thomas
- University of Vermont College of Medicine and University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jan L Fisher
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and The Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Thomas H Hampton
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and The Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and The Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Gilbert J Rahme
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and The Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Chery A Whipple
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and The Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Arti B Gaur
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and The Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Lionel D Lewis
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and The Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | | | - Camilo E Fadul
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800432, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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23
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Lin X, Lee M, Buck O, Woo KM, Zhang Z, Hatzoglou V, Omuro A, Arevalo-Perez J, Thomas AA, Huse J, Peck K, Holodny AI, Young RJ. Diagnostic Accuracy of T1-Weighted Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced-MRI and DWI-ADC for Differentiation of Glioblastoma and Primary CNS Lymphoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 38:485-491. [PMID: 27932505 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glioblastoma and primary CNS lymphoma dictate different neurosurgical strategies; it is critical to distinguish them preoperatively. However, current imaging modalities do not effectively differentiate them. We aimed to examine the use of DWI and T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced-MR imaging as potential discriminative tools. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 18 patients with primary CNS lymphoma and 36 matched patients with glioblastoma with pretreatment DWI and dynamic contrast-enhanced-MR imaging. VOIs were drawn around the tumor on contrast-enhanced T1WI and FLAIR images; these images were transferred onto coregistered ADC maps to obtain the ADC and onto dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion maps to obtain the plasma volume and permeability transfer constant. Histogram analysis was performed to determine the mean and relative ADCmean and relative 90th percentile values for plasma volume and the permeability transfer constant. Nonparametric tests were used to assess differences, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for optimal threshold calculations. RESULTS The enhancing component of primary CNS lymphoma was found to have significantly lower ADCmean (1.1 × 10-3 versus 1.4 × 10-3; P < .001) and relative ADCmean (1.5 versus 1.9; P < .001) and relative 90th percentile values for plasma volume (3.7 versus 5.0; P < .05) than the enhancing component of glioblastoma, but not significantly different relative 90th percentile values for the permeability transfer constant (5.4 versus 4.4; P = .83). The nonenhancing portions of glioblastoma and primary CNS lymphoma did not differ in these parameters. On the basis of receiver operating characteristic analysis, mean ADC provided the best threshold (area under the curve = 0.83) to distinguish primary CNS lymphoma from glioblastoma, which was not improved with normalized ADC or the addition of perfusion parameters. CONCLUSIONS ADC was superior to dynamic contrast-enhanced-MR imaging perfusion, alone or in combination, in differentiating primary CNS lymphoma from glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lin
- From the Departments of Neurology (X.L., A.O., A.A.T.).,Department of Neurology (X.L.), National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - M Lee
- Radiology (M.L., O.B., V.H., J.A.-P., A.I.H., R.J.Y.)
| | - O Buck
- Radiology (M.L., O.B., V.H., J.A.-P., A.I.H., R.J.Y.)
| | - K M Woo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.M.W., Z.Z.)
| | - Z Zhang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.M.W., Z.Z.)
| | - V Hatzoglou
- Radiology (M.L., O.B., V.H., J.A.-P., A.I.H., R.J.Y.).,The Brain Tumor Center (V.H., A.O., A.I.H., R.J.Y.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - A Omuro
- From the Departments of Neurology (X.L., A.O., A.A.T.).,The Brain Tumor Center (V.H., A.O., A.I.H., R.J.Y.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - A A Thomas
- From the Departments of Neurology (X.L., A.O., A.A.T.)
| | | | | | - A I Holodny
- Radiology (M.L., O.B., V.H., J.A.-P., A.I.H., R.J.Y.).,The Brain Tumor Center (V.H., A.O., A.I.H., R.J.Y.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - R J Young
- Radiology (M.L., O.B., V.H., J.A.-P., A.I.H., R.J.Y.) .,The Brain Tumor Center (V.H., A.O., A.I.H., R.J.Y.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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24
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Omuro AMP, Beal K, McNeill KA, Thomas AA, Lin X, Kaley TJ, DeAngelis LM, Mellinghoff IK, Diamond EL, Chan TAT, Young RJ, Yamada Y, Gorman G, Lamson M, Bavisotto LM, Karmali RA. Phase IB trial of carboxyamidotriazole orotate (CTO) and radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Beal
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Xuling Lin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert J. Young
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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25
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Arevalo-Perez J, Thomas AA, Kaley T, Lyo J, Peck KK, Holodny AI, Mellinghoff IK, Shi W, Zhang Z, Young RJ. T1-Weighted Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI as a Noninvasive Biomarker of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor vIII Status. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:2256-61. [PMID: 26338913 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III is a common mutation in glioblastoma, found in approximately 25% of tumors. Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III may accelerate angiogenesis in malignant gliomas. We correlated T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging perfusion parameters with epidermal growth factor receptor variant III status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-two consecutive patients with glioblastoma and known epidermal growth factor receptor variant III status who had dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging before surgery were evaluated. Volumes of interest were drawn around the entire enhancing tumor on contrast T1-weighted images and then were transferred onto coregistered dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging perfusion maps. Histogram analysis with normalization was performed to determine the relative mean, 75th percentile, and 90th percentile values for plasma volume and contrast transfer coefficient. A Wilcoxon rank sum test was applied to assess the relationship between baseline perfusion parameters and positive epidermal growth factor receptor variant III status. The receiver operating characteristic method was used to select the cutoffs of the dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging perfusion parameters. RESULTS Increased relative plasma volume and increased relative contrast transfer coefficient parameters were both significantly associated with positive epidermal growth factor receptor variant III status. For epidermal growth factor receptor variant III-positive tumors, relative plasma volume mean was 9.3 and relative contrast transfer coefficient mean was 6.5; for epidermal growth factor receptor variant III-negative tumors, relative plasma volume mean was 3.6 and relative contrast transfer coefficient mean was 3.7 (relative plasma volume mean, P < .001, and relative contrast transfer coefficient mean, P = .008). The predictive powers of relative plasma volume histogram metrics outperformed those of the relative contrast transfer coefficient histogram metrics (P < = .004). CONCLUSIONS Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging shows greater perfusion and leakiness in epidermal growth factor receptor variant III-positive glioblastomas than in epidermal growth factor receptor variant III-negative glioblastomas, consistent with the known effect of epidermal growth factor receptor variant III on angiogenesis. Quantitative evaluation of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging may be useful as a noninvasive tool for correlating epidermal growth factor receptor variant III expression and related tumor neoangiogenesis. This potential may have implications for monitoring response to epidermal growth factor receptor variant III-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arevalo-Perez
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.A.-P., J.L., A.I.H., R.J.Y.)
| | | | - T Kaley
- Neurology (A.A.T., T.K., I.K.M.) the Brain Tumor Center (T.K., J.L., A.I.H., R.J.Y.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - J Lyo
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.A.-P., J.L., A.I.H., R.J.Y.) the Brain Tumor Center (T.K., J.L., A.I.H., R.J.Y.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - A I Holodny
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.A.-P., J.L., A.I.H., R.J.Y.) the Brain Tumor Center (T.K., J.L., A.I.H., R.J.Y.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - W Shi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S., Z.Z.)
| | - Z Zhang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.S., Z.Z.)
| | - R J Young
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.A.-P., J.L., A.I.H., R.J.Y.) the Brain Tumor Center (T.K., J.L., A.I.H., R.J.Y.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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26
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Abstract
Palliative care is an approach to practicing medicine that addresses symptom management, alleviation of pain, assessment of psychosocial and spiritual distress or suffering, and practical support for patients and their caregivers with a goal of improving quality of life for patients with serious and life-threatening illnesses. Although palliative care has gained acceptance as an important part of comprehensive cancer care at the end of life, early integration of palliative care is less common. Patients with high-grade malignant gliomas have an invariably poor prognosis and high morbidity. With short survival times and complex neurological and systemic symptoms, these patients require palliative care from the time of diagnosis. In this review, we highlight the palliative care needs of neuro-oncology patients at diagnosis, during treatment, and at the end of life. We identify some of the barriers to incorporation of palliative care in standard neuro-oncology practice and equate competency in neuro-oncology with competency in the basic tenets of palliative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alan Carver
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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27
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Virmani P, Chung E, Thomas AA, Mellinghoff IK, Marchetti MA. Cutaneous adverse drug reaction associated with oral temozolomide presenting as dermal and subcutaneous plaques and nodules. JAAD Case Rep 2015; 1:286-8. [PMID: 27051755 PMCID: PMC4809268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Virmani
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Esther Chung
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alissa A. Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ingo K. Mellinghoff
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York
| | - Michael A. Marchetti
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Correspondence to: Michael A. Marchetti, MD, Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 16 E. 60 Street, New York, NY 10022.
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28
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Thomas AA, Beal K, McNeill KA, Kaley TJ, DeAngelis LM, Mellinghoff IK, Diamond EL, Chan TAT, Young RJ, Arevalo Perez J, Yamada Y, Anderson BD, Lamson M, Burch B, Karmali RA, Omuro AMP. Phase IB trial of carboxyamidotriazole orotate (CTO) and radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Beal
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert J. Young
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | - Brandon Burch
- Nuventra Pharma Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor, but despite multimodal treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy, the prognosis is poor, with a median survival of 16 to 19 months and poor quality of life throughout the disease course. New treatments are needed. EVIDENCE REVIEW Articles were identified through a search of PubMed references from March 2005 through January 2014, using the terms glioblastoma, glioma, malignant glioma, and brain neoplasm, as well as by search of the authors' files. Clinical trials were identified in the Clinicaltrials.gov registry. FINDINGS Advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of glioblastoma are being rapidly translated into innovative clinical trials, capitalizing on improved genomic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic characterization of glioblastomas as well as host factors, including the brain microenvironment and immune system interactions. Therapies targeting tumor growth factor receptors and downstream pathways, angiogenesis, modulation of cancer stemlike cells, cell cycle regulation, oncolytic viruses, new radiotherapy techniques, and immunotherapy, including vaccines and modulation of immune checkpoints (eg, programmed cell death 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), are under investigation. In addition to novel agents, techniques to circumvent the blood-brain barrier to facilitate central nervous system drug exposure are being developed. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Glioblastoma is an aggressive tumor with heterogeneous molecular features and complex host interactions, many of which are amenable to therapeutic intervention. Meaningful treatment advances will depend on identifying agents that target mechanistic vulnerabilities that are relevant to specific subgroups of patients; increasing patient enrollment into clinical trials is essential to accelerate the development of patient-tailored treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cameron W Brennan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lisa M DeAngelis
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Antonio M Omuro
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Thomas AA, Fisher JL, Rahme GJ, Hampton TH, Baron U, Olek S, Schwachula T, Rhodes CH, Gui J, Tafe LJ, Tsongalis GJ, Lefferts JA, Wishart H, Kleen J, Miller M, Whipple CA, de Abreu FB, Ernstoff MS, Fadul CE. Regulatory T cells are not a strong predictor of survival for patients with glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:801-9. [PMID: 25618892 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potentially prognostic indicators in patients with glioblastoma. If differences in frequency of Tregs in tumor or blood account for substantial variation in patient survival, then reliably measuring Tregs may enhance treatment selection and improve outcomes. METHODS We measured Tregs and CD3+ T cells in tumors and blood from 25 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs and CD3+ T cells, measured by quantitative DNA demethylation analysis (epigenetic qPCR) and by immunohistochemistry, and peripheral blood Treg proportions measured by flow cytometry were correlated with patient survival. Additionally, we analyzed data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to correlate the expression of Treg markers with patient survival and glioblastoma subtypes. RESULTS Tregs, as measured in tumor tissue and peripheral blood, did not correlate with patient survival. Although there was a correlation between tumor-infiltrating Tregs expression by epigenetic qPCR and immunohistochemistry, epigenetic qPCR was more sensitive and specific. Using data from TCGA, mRNA expression of Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) and Helios and FoxP3 methylation level did not predict survival. While the classical glioblastoma subtype corresponded to lower expression of Treg markers, these markers did not predict survival in any of the glioblastoma subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Although immunosuppression is a hallmark of glioblastoma, Tregs as measured in tissue by gene expression, immunohistochemistry, or demethylation and Tregs in peripheral blood measured by flow cytometry do not predict survival of patients. Quantitative DNA demethylation analysis provides an objective, sensitive, and specific way of identifying Tregs and CD3+ T cells in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Jan L Fisher
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Gilbert J Rahme
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Thomas H Hampton
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Udo Baron
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Sven Olek
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Tim Schwachula
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - C Harker Rhodes
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Laura J Tafe
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Gregory J Tsongalis
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Joel A Lefferts
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Heather Wishart
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Jonathan Kleen
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Michael Miller
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Chery A Whipple
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Francine B de Abreu
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Marc S Ernstoff
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
| | - Camilo E Fadul
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (A.A.T.); Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.L.F.); Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire (G.J.R.); Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany (U.B., S.O., T.S.); Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.H.R., L.J.T., G.J.T., J.A.L., F.B.d.A.); Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.G.); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire (T.H.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (H.W.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire (J.K., M.M.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.A.W.); Melanoma Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (M.S.E.); Department of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire (C.E.F.)
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Thomas AA, Preston J, Scott RC, Bujarski KA. Diagnosis of probable psychogenic nonepileptic seizures in the outpatient clinic: does gender matter? Epilepsy Behav 2013; 29:295-7. [PMID: 24021495 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs) are paroxysmal events of altered behavior that outwardly resemble epilepsy but are caused by psychiatric disease. The diagnosis of probable PNESs can be made in the outpatient clinic prior to video-EEG monitoring by identification of specific PNES predictors and specific elements of seizure semiology from the clinical history. Since psychiatric disease may have distinct mechanisms between women and men, the objective of this study was to determine if gender-specific differences exist in PNES predictors and PNES semiology. Such differences could be used to optimize the accuracy of outpatient diagnosis of probable PNESs. Medical records of male and female patients with video-EEG diagnosis of definite PNESs were retrospectively reviewed for occurrence of PNES predictors. In addition, PNES semiology was analyzed de novo from video-EEG records and categorized into previously established semiology clusters. Eighty-six patients were included in the analysis (59 women and 27 men). We found significantly lower rates of reported physical and sexual abuse, lower rates of previous psychiatric diagnosis, and lower rates of chronic pain in male patients with no significant differences in rates of other PNES predictors. Furthermore, we found no difference in PNES semiology between men and women, with both groups experiencing similar rates of major motor, minor motor, and nonmotor semiology. In conclusion, our results lend support to the idea that distinct risk factor criteria but similar semiology criteria should be used for the diagnosis of probable PNESs in the outpatient clinic in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Thomas
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Neurology, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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Abstract
Glioblastoma remains the most lethal human brain tumor, despite the advent of multimodal treatment approaches. Because immune tolerance plays an important role in tumor progression, adding immunotherapy has become an attractive and innovative treatment approach for these aggressive tumors. Several early-phase clinical trials have demonstrated that vaccine-based immunotherapies, including dendritic cell therapy, peptide-based vaccines and vaccines containing autologous tumor lysates, are feasible and well tolerated. These trials have revealed promising trends in overall survival and progression-free survival for patients with glioblastoma, and have paved the way for ongoing randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Thomas
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jan L Fisher
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Marc S Ernstoff
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Camilo E Fadul
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain tumor, thrives in a microenvironment of relative immunosuppression within the relatively immune-privileged central nervous system. Despite treatments with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, prognosis remains poor. The recent success of immunotherapy in the treatment of other cancers has renewed interest in vaccine therapy for the treatment of gliomas. In this article, we outline various immunotherapeutic strategies, review recent clinical trials data, and discuss the future of vaccine therapy for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A. Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756
| | - Marc S. Ernstoff
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756
- Medical Oncology Immunotherapy Program, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756
| | - Camilo E. Fadul
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756
- Medical Oncology Immunotherapy Program, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756
- Neuro-oncology Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon NH 03756
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Abstract
Endotracheal intubation was carried out in 11 common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). A commercially available tilting stand and a Miller laryngoscope blade were used to visualize the larynx. Anaesthesia was induced with alphaxalone (10.6 ± 1.6 mg/kg intramuscularly, followed by 3.2 ± 1.2 mg/kg intravenously). The diameter of the proximal trachea easily fitted an endotracheal tube made from readily available material (a 12 G 'over the needle' catheter). Once the tip of the endotracheal tube was at the level of the vocal folds, the tube had to be gently rotated through a 180° angle in order to pass through the larynx into the trachea. Assessment of the dimensions of the larynx and trachea, and comparison with external anatomical features of the animals (n = 10) showed that the length of the trachea could be predicted by multiplying the craniosacral length of the marmoset by a factor of 0.42.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Thomas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Comparative Biology Centre, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Thomas AZ, Thomas AA, Conlon P, Hickey D, Little DM. Benign prostatic hyperplasia presenting with renal failure--what is the role for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)? Ir Med J 2009; 102:43-44. [PMID: 19405316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the role of transurethralresection of prostate (TURP) in normalising renal function in men presenting with obstructive renal failure secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. We reviewed the cases of 14 men who presented in the last 5 years with renal impairment associated with symptoms of bladder outflow obstruction and radiological evidence of obstructive uropathy. The mean serum creatinine at presentation was 632 ng/mL (range 1299 - 225). The mean age at presentation was 68.2 years (range 50 - 83 years). Duration of symptoms prior to presentation ranged between 1 - 118 months (mean 21.5 months). Following catheter insertion, all patients underwent TURP. Six of the 14 patients required dialysis prior to surgery. Histology of the resected prostate confirmed benign prostatic hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia in all cases. Patients with carcinoma of the prostate were excluded from the study. Following TURP, 2 of the 14 men (14%) failed to void spontaneously following removal of catheter - one patient performs clean self intermittent catheterization (CSIC), the other man has an in-dwelling catheter in situ. One patient died 7 months following TURP due to a myocardial infarction. However, 8 patients, (57%) remained dialysis dependent following TURP. Two of these patients have since undergone successful renal transplantation. Of the remaining 6 patients, only 3 have normal renal function with the other 3 experiencing moderately elevated serum creatinine (range 236 - 344 ng/mL). In patients presenting with renal failure due to bladder outflow obstruction, TURP restores normal voiding pattern in many cases. However renal failure due to bladder outflow obstruction tends to be more refractory and only 3 of 14 patients experienced return to normal renal function post treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Thomas
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin.
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Abstract
Renal artery aneurysms are being encountered more frequently due to a wider use of angiography. As the risk of rupture is unclear, the indications for surgery remain controversial. Despite advances in treatment, complex aneurysms often require nephrectomy for adequate excision. We report a case of an incidentally diagnosed renal artery aneurysm successfully treated with extracorporeal repair and autotransplantation. Ex vivo repair and renal autotransplantation is a safe and effective treatment for the management of complex renal artery aneurysms
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Thomas
- Department of Urology and Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Thomas AA, Long RM, Creagh TA, Patchett S. Emphysematous cystitis in an elderly patient with ulcerative colitis. Ir Med J 2006; 99:56-7. [PMID: 16548225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Emphysematous cystitis is a rare complication of lower urinary tract infections. The disease is characterized by air within the bladder wall and lumen and commonly occurs in middle-aged diabetic women. Intramural bladder gas seen on imaging is pathognomonic for this condition. The severity of the illness varies widely from cases diagnosed incidentally to patients presenting with life-threatening sepsis. We report the case of an 80-year-old non-diabetic man presenting with emphysematous cystitis after a total colectomy for ulcerative colitis.
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Singh RR, Thomas AA, Barry MC, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery presenting with oculosympathetic palsy. Ir J Med Sci 2004; 173:162-3. [PMID: 15693388 DOI: 10.1007/bf03167933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blunt internal carotid artery (ICA) injury is rare but undiagnosed can have disastrous clinical consequences. AIM To report a late presentation of blunt ICA injury in a young male following a road traffic accident. RESULT A 16-year-old male presented 11 days following a head injury with a unilateral Horner's syndrome. Imaging confirmed a pseudoaneurysm of the ICA. The patient was treated with anticoagulant therapy. CONCLUSION Diagnosis of ICA injury requires a high index of suspicion and presentation with unusual neurological signs following blunt trauma to the head and neck requires prompt investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Accidents, Traffic
- Adolescent
- Aneurysm, False/diagnostic imaging
- Aneurysm, False/drug therapy
- Aneurysm, False/etiology
- Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
- Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/diagnostic imaging
- Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/drug therapy
- Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection/etiology
- Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnosis
- Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Follow-Up Studies
- Horner Syndrome/diagnosis
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Angiography
- Male
- Multiple Trauma/diagnosis
- Multiple Trauma/therapy
- Radiography
- Risk Assessment
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Singh
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Ramirez JJ, Parakh T, George MN, Freeman L, Thomas AA, White CC, Becton A. The effects of Neotrofin on septodentate sprouting after unilateral entorhinal cortex lesions in rats. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2002; 20:51-9. [PMID: 12237496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent research on the purine derivative of hypoxanthine Neotrofin (4-[[3-(1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-9-purin-9-yl)-1-oxopropyl]amino]benzoic acid; AIT-082) has indicated that Neotrofin treatment elevates the mRNA levels of various neurotrophic factors, including nerve growth factor (NGF), in the CNS. Several previous studies have indicated that NGF may regulate septodentate sprouting after entorhinal cortex lesions in rats. Thus, the objective of this investigation was to determine whether Neotrofin treatment would enhance lesion-induced septodentate sprouting from 4 to 15 days postlesion. METHODS Sham-operated rats or rats with EC lesions were injected (i.p.) with either Neotrofin (30 mg/kg) or saline (0.9%) immediately after surgery and every day thereafter until the end of the treatment regimen. Septodentate sprouting, as indicated by intensity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) label in the dentate gyrus, was assessed with optical densitometry. RESULTS We observed that Neotrofin elevated the AChE-label in the outer molecular layer of the ventral dentate gyrus at 4 days postlesion and of the dorsal dentate gyrus at 15 days postlesion. CONCLUSIONS Neotrofin appears to have exerted limited stimulatory effects on lesion-induced sprouting by a cholinergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Ramirez
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035-7017, USA.
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40
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Schneider R, Agol VI, Andino R, Bayard F, Cavener DR, Chappell SA, Chen JJ, Darlix JL, Dasgupta A, Donzé O, Duncan R, Elroy-Stein O, Farabaugh PJ, Filipowicz W, Gale M, Gehrke L, Goldman E, Groner Y, Harford JB, Hatzglou M, He B, Hellen CU, Hentze MW, Hershey J, Hershey P, Hohn T, Holcik M, Hunter CP, Igarashi K, Jackson R, Jagus R, Jefferson LS, Joshi B, Kaempfer R, Katze M, Kaufman RJ, Kiledjian M, Kimball SR, Kimchi A, Kirkegaard K, Koromilas AE, Krug RM, Kruys V, Lamphear BJ, Lemon S, Lloyd RE, Maquat LE, Martinez-Salas E, Mathews MB, Mauro VP, Miyamoto S, Mohr I, Morris DR, Moss EG, Nakashima N, Palmenberg A, Parkin NT, Pe'ery T, Pelletier J, Peltz S, Pestova TV, Pilipenko EV, Prats AC, Racaniello V, Read GS, Rhoads RE, Richter JD, Rivera-Pomar R, Rouault T, Sachs A, Sarnow P, Scheper GC, Schiff L, Schoenberg DR, Semler BL, Siddiqui A, Skern T, Sonenberg N, Sossin W, Standart N, Tahara SM, Thomas AA, Toulmé JJ, Wilusz J, Wimmer E, Witherell G, Wormington M. New ways of initiating translation in eukaryotes. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:8238-46. [PMID: 11710333 PMCID: PMC99989 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.23.8238-8246.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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41
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Skabkin MA, Evdokimova V, Thomas AA, Ovchinnikov LP. The major messenger ribonucleoprotein particle protein p50 (YB-1) promotes nucleic acid strand annealing. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:44841-7. [PMID: 11585833 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m107581200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
p50, a member of the Y-box binding transcription factor family, is tightly associated with eukaryotic mRNAs and is responsible for general translational regulation. Here we show that p50, in addition to its previously described ability to melt mRNA secondary structure, is capable of promoting rapid annealing of complementary nucleic acid strands. p50 accelerates annealing of RNA and DNA duplexes up to 1500-fold within a wide range of salt concentrations and temperatures. Phosphorylation of p50 selectively inhibits DNA annealing. Moreover, p50 catalyzes strand exchange between double-stranded and single-stranded RNAs yielding a product bearing a more extended double-stranded structure. Strikingly, p50 displays both RNA-melting and -annealing activities in a dose-dependent manner; a relatively low amount of p50 promotes formation of RNA duplexes, whereas an excess of p50 causes unwinding of double-stranded forms. Our results suggest that the alteration of nucleic acid conformation is a basic mechanism of the p50-dependent regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Skabkin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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42
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Abstract
Many DNA constructs are generated for protein expression studies. Translational properties and mRNA stability are crucial aspects that have to be accounted for during DNA construction. An optimized vector for protein overexpression studies is described considering elements in the mature mRNA that influence translatability and stability. Recommendations regarding vector construction for Xenopus laevis embryo injection are provided, based on literature and experimental data. The 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) should be non-regulated, short, unstructured, and without AUG codons. The sequence around the start codon should match the initiation context of the species studied (ACCAUGG, for vertebrates), and the open reading frame should be cloned with its own stop codon, followed by a G or A residue. Furthermore, the 3'UTR should be non-regulated, and a strong polyadenylation signal must be included in DNA vectors. In RNA template vectors, the presence of a poly(A) or AC tail is essential for stability, as well as for translation efficiency in mRNA injection experiments. These aspects result in high-level expression of exactly the desired protein. Easily obtainable examples of the sequences [5'UTR, 3'UTR, and poly(A) signal] are suggested.
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43
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Van Oers MM, Van Der Veken LT, Vlak JM, Thomas AA. Effect of baculovirus infection on the mRNA and protein levels of the Spodoptera frugiperda eukaryotic initiation factor 4E. Insect Mol Biol 2001; 10:255-264. [PMID: 11437917 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.2001.00263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The cDNA sequence of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E was derived from a Spodoptera frugiperda cDNA library. Eight tryptophan residues, typical for eIF4E, are strictly conserved in the encoded 210 amino acid protein. A polyclonal antiserum detected a 26 kDa protein in lepidopteran cell lines, but not in dipteran cells. Sf21 cells have a single eIF4E gene copy, which is transcribed into a 1500 nt transcript. Infection with AcMNPV resulted in a decrease in eIF4E mRNA starting between 12 and 24 h postinfection (p.i.), while reduced eIF4E protein levels were observed at 48 h p.i. Two forms of eIF4E were recognized that differed in their iso-electric point, of which the relative abundance did not change during infection. Mutagenesis experiments using recombinant baculoviruses revealed that the variation in mobility between these two forms did not result from a difference in the phosphorylation state of Ser-202, the serine residue that corresponds with the eIF4E phosphorylation site in mammalian eIF4E.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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van Oers MM, Thomas AA, Moormann RJ, Vlak JM. Secretory pathway limits the enhanced expression of classical swine fever virus E2 glycoprotein in insect cells. J Biotechnol 2001; 86:31-8. [PMID: 11223142 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(00)00403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The 3' untranslated region (UTR) is an important element that determines the level of recombinant protein expression via baculovirus vectors. Previous work using chloramphenicol acetyl transferase as reporter has shown that p10-promoter based baculovirus vectors with the authentic p10 3' UTR resulted in higher expression levels than vectors carrying an SV40 early terminator, as part of a lacZ selection cassette. To examine whether a similar increase in expression levels could be obtained for baculovirus-expressed glycoproteins, the classical swine fever virus E2 antigen was used as a model. With the authentic p10 3' UTR higher levels of E2 transcript were found than in the presence of the SV40 terminator. This higher number of transcripts was accompanied by elevated levels of intracellular, non-glycosylated E2 protein. However, the levels of intracellular glycosylated forms of E2 and of extracellular E2 were similar for both type of terminators. These results show that translation of the recombinant mRNA is not the rate limiting step in the expression of glycoproteins, but the downstream processing and secretion of the translation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M van Oers
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Binnenhaven 11, 6709, PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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45
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van der Velden AW, Los A, Voorma HO, Thomas AA. Sequence and translation initiation properties of the xenopus TGFbeta5, PDGF-A, and PDGF-alpha receptor 5' untranslated regions. Int J Dev Biol 2000; 44:851-9. [PMID: 11206326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The properties of the architecturally complex Xenopus laevis TGFbeta5, PDGF-A and PDGF-alpha receptor 5'UTRs were investigated. 5' extended cDNAs were obtained by 5'RACE, resulting in long 5'UTRs (478-710 nt) with multiple upstream AUGs (3-13), andthe potential to fold into stable structures. Injection studies suggested that the cloned PDGF-alphaR 5'UTR contains an intron. Splicing at potential 5' and 3' splice sites would result in a non-complex 5'UTR of 142 nt. The above mentioned 5'UTR characteristics are inhibitory for ribosomal scanning. Indeed, relative to the beta-globin 5'UTR, the complex 5'UTRs strongly repressed initiation of protein synthesis in pre-MBT Xenopus embryos. However, later in embryogenesis, the inhibition was partly relieved. The results show temporal translational control by these 5'UTRs. Transgenic embryos showed that the 5'UTRs allowed translation throughout the embryo; spatial control could not be observed. Interestingly, a fragment in the PDGF-A 5'UTR highly similar to an element in the human PDGF-A 5'UTR is complementary to Xenopus 18S ribosomal RNA. None of these Xenopus 5'UTRs contains an IRES, as determined by injecting bicistronic constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W van der Velden
- Department of Developmental Biology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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46
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van der Velden AW, Voorma HO, Thomas AA. Controlled translation initiation on insulin-like growth factor 2-leader 1 during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis. Int J Dev Biol 2000; 44:843-50. [PMID: 11206325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A number of growth factors, whose spatio-temporal expression is essential for embryonic development, are encoded by mRNAs with a complex 5'UTR. Human insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA contains a long (592 nucleotides) 5'UTR (IGFl1) with one upstream open reading frame and stable stem-loop structures, elements which might be important for controlled translation. To investigate whether these unusual features of IGFl1 can control translation initiation during embryogenesis, we examined the initiation efficiency on this 5'UTR during development of Xenopus laevis. The results demonstrate that IGFl1 strongly represses translation of a reporter in early embryos, compared with the Xenopus beta-globin 5'UTR. The inhibition is alleviated soon after the midblastula transition, suggesting a stimulatory effect of the transcription start. However, a similar stimulation of IGFl1-driven translation is seen in embryos in which de novo transcription was inhibited by actinomycin D. Furthermore, it is shown that up-regulation of IGFl1 activity is independent of eIF4E levels, and activity of IGFl1 is observed in all tissues of transgenic Xenopus embryos. These results indicate that post-translational modulation of a trans-acting factor enables efficient initiation on this complex 5'UTR after the midblastula transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W van der Velden
- Department of Developmental Biology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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47
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Abstract
The full-length 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of Xenopus laevis Connexin30 (Cx30) mRNA were cloned and sequenced. The Cx30 messenger contains a 148 nt 5' UTR and a 480 nt 3' UTR. Four different constructs were made to enable the analysis of the role of the Cx30 UTRs in translation efficiency and in protein localization in the early Xenopus embryo. Transcripts encoded the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) reporter and contained the 5' and 3' UTR of either Cx30 or globin. In vivo analyses after injection of the transcripts into one cell-stage Xenopus embryos showed that the Cx30 3' UTR enables very efficient translation. The 5' UTR was slightly inhibitory compared with the globin 5' UTR. The localization of the produced GFP was analyzed. GFP was ubiquitously expressed in all parts of the embryo. Based on this observation we conclude that neither the 5' UTR nor the 3' UTR confers specific localization of the translation of the Cx30 mRNA in the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Meijer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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48
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Meijer HA, Dictus WJ, Keuning ED, Thomas AA. Translational control of the Xenopus laevis connexin-41 5'-untranslated region by three upstream open reading frames. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:30787-93. [PMID: 10896676 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m005531200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Xenopus laevis Connexin-41 (Cx41) mRNA contains three upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR). We analyzed the translation efficiency of constructs containing the Cx41 5'-UTR linked to the green fluorescent protein reporter after injection of transcripts into one-cell stage Xenopus embryos. The translational efficiency of the wild-type Cx41 5'-UTR was only 2% compared with that of the beta-globin 5'-UTR. Mutation of each of the three uAUGs into AAG codons enhanced translation 82-, 9-, and 4-fold compared with the wild-type Cx41 5'-UTR. Based on these increased translation efficiencies, the percentages of ribosomes that recognized the uAUGs were calculated. Only 0.03% of the ribosomes that entered at the cap structure scanned the entire 5'-UTR and translated the main ORF. The results indicate that all uAUGs are recognized by the majority of the scanning ribosomes and that the three uAUGs strongly modulate translation efficiency in Xenopus laevis embryos. Based on these data, a model of ribosomal flow along the mRNA is postulated. We conclude that the three uORFs may play an important role in the regulation of Cx41 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Meijer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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49
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Marissen WE, Guo Y, Thomas AA, Matts RL, Lloyd RE. Identification of caspase 3-mediated cleavage and functional alteration of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha in apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:9314-23. [PMID: 10734073 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.13.9314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis in a variety of cell types leads to inhibition of protein synthesis. Recently, the cleavage of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) by caspase 3 was described as a possible event contributing to translation inhibition. Here, we report the cleavage of another initiation factor in apoptotic cells, eIF2alpha, that could contribute to regulation of translation during apoptosis. This cleavage event could be completely inhibited by pretreatment of HeLa cells with Z-VAD-fmk. In vitro analysis using purified eIF2 and purified caspases showed cleavage of eIF2alpha by caspase 3, 6, 8, and 10 but not 9. Caspase 3 most efficiently cleaved eIF2alpha and this could be inhibited by addition of Ac-DEVD-CHO in vitro. Comparison of cleavage of phosphorylated versus nonphosphorylated eIF2alpha revealed a modest preference of the caspases for the nonphosphorylated form. When eIF2. 2B complex was used as substrate, only caspase 3 was capable of eIF2alpha cleavage, which was not affected by phosphorylation of the alpha subunit. The eIF2.GDP binary complex was cleaved much less efficiently by caspase 3. Sequence analysis of the cleavage fragment suggested that the cleavage site is located in the C-terminal portion of the protein. Analysis showed that after caspase cleavage, exchange of GDP bound to eIF2 was very rapid and no longer dependent upon eIF2B. Furthermore, in vitro translation experiments indicated that cleavage of eIF2alpha results in functional alteration of the eIF2 complex, which no longer stimulated upstream AUG selection on a mRNA containing a viral internal ribosome entry site and was no longer capable of stimulating overall translation. In conclusion, we describe here the cleavage of a translation initiation factor, eIF2alpha that could contribute to inhibition or alteration of protein synthesis during the late stages of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Marissen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73190, USA
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van Oers MM, van Marwijk M, Kwa MS, Vlak JM, Thomas AA. Cloning and analysis of cDNAs encoding the hypusine-containing protein eIF5A of two lepidopteran insect species. Insect Mol Biol 1999; 8:531-8. [PMID: 10620048 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.1999.00148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor eIF5A is essential for cell viability and contains a characteristic post-translational modification of a specific lysine residue into a hypusine. cDNAs with similarity to eIF5A sequences were derived from Spodoptera exigua and S. frugiperda cDNA libraries. The deduced amino acid sequences are identical for both species and predict a protein with a molecular mass of 17.5 kDa. The Drosophila melanogaster eIF5A cDNA sequence was retrieved from the Drosophila EST Project. The predicted protein is 80% similar to Spodoptera eIF5A. A single eIF5A gene copy is present in the S. frugiperda genome, which is transcribed into four different transcripts. Infection of S. frugiperda cells with a baculovirus resulted in a strong decline of all four transcripts already at 12 h after infection. In contrast, the eIF5A protein was fairly stable up to 48 h post infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M van Oers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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