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Buxton MA, Castillo-Castrejon M, Godines-Enriquez M, Valentín-Cortés M, Morales-Hernández V, de Arellano LMR, Sánchez BN, Osornio-Vargas A, O'Neill MS, Vadillo-Ortega F. The pregnancy research on inflammation, nutrition, & city environment: systematic analyses study (PRINCESA) cohort, 2009-2015. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:1009-1018. [PMID: 37642793 PMCID: PMC10530497 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-023-01040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The Pregnancy Research on Inflammation, Nutrition, & City Environment: Systematic Analyses Study (PRINCESA) cohort was set up to evaluate associations between air pollution and birth outcomes among pregnant persons in Mexico City. Specifically, the study was designed to improve air pollution exposure assessment and elucidate biological mechanisms underlying associations between maternal exposures and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant persons (all women) (N = 935) between ages 18-45 who lived and/or worked in metropolitan Mexico City, Mexico, from 2009 to 2015 and liveborn singleton infants (N = 815) of participants who completed follow-up were enrolled in the cohort. We followed participants monthly from enrollment to delivery and the following categories of data were obtained: demographic, medical and obstetric history, geo-referenced data, repeated measures on daily activity patterns, reported food intake, anthropometric, clinical and obstetric data, 20 serum and 20 cervicovaginal cytokines, and lower reproductive tract infection. Repeated ultrasound measures of fetal parameters and infant birth data are also included in the study's database. In addition, PRINCESA investigators calculated air pollution exposure measures for six pollutants measured by the Mexico City Atmospheric Monitoring System (SIMAT). These estimates utilize participants' addresses to account for spatial variation in exposure (nearest monitor, inverse distance weighting, and kriging) and are available daily during pregnancy for participants. To date, associations between environmental and nutritional impacts on maternal and child health outcomes have been evaluated. PRINCESA has a comprehensive database of maternal and infant data and biological samples and offers collaboration opportunities to study associations between environmental and other factors, including nutrition and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miatta A Buxton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Mislael Valentín-Cortés
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alvaro Osornio-Vargas
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Marie S O'Neill
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wilk P, Maltby A, Lau T, Gunz AC, Osornio-Vargas A, Yamamoto SS, Ali S, Lavigne É. Geographic inequalities in paediatric emergency department visits in Ontario and Alberta: a multilevel analysis of 2.5 million visits. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:432. [PMID: 35858855 PMCID: PMC9297543 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on intra- and inter-regional variations in emergency department (ED) visits among children can provide a better understanding of the patterns of ED utilization and further insight into how contextual features of the urban environment may be associated with these health events. Our objectives were to assess intra-urban and inter-urban variation in paediatric emergency department (PED) visits in census metropolitan areas (CMAs) in Ontario and Alberta, Canada and explore if contextual factors related to material and social deprivation, proximity to healthcare facilities, and supply of family physicians explain this variation. Methods A retrospective, population-based analysis of data on PED visits recorded between April 1, 2015 and March 31, 2017 was conducted. Random intercept multilevel regression models were constructed to quantify the intra- (between forward sortation areas [FSAs]) and inter- (between CMAs) variations in the rates of PED visits. Results In total, 2,537,442 PED visits were included in the study. The overall crude FSA-level rate of PED visits was 415.4 per 1,000 children population. Across CMAs, the crude rate of PED visits was highest in Thunder Bay, Ontario (771.6) and lowest in Windsor, Ontario (237.2). There was evidence of substantial intra- and inter-urban variation in the rates of PED visits. More socially deprived FSAs, FSAs with decreased proximity to healthcare facilities, and CMAs with a higher rate of family physicians per 1,000 children population had higher rates of PED visits. Conclusions The variation in rates of PED visits across CMAs and FSAs cannot be fully accounted for by age and sex distributions, material and social deprivation, proximity to healthcare facilities, or supply of family physicians. There is a need to explore additional contextual factors to better understand why some metropolitan areas have higher rates of PED visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wilk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Child Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. .,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 3rd Floor, Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, 1465 Richmond St, ON, N6G 2M1, London, Canada.
| | - Alana Maltby
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tammy Lau
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anna C Gunz
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Child Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Paediatric Critical Care, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Center, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shelby S Yamamoto
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shehzad Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Éric Lavigne
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Amjad S, Chojecki D, Osornio-Vargas A, Ospina MB. Wildfire exposure during pregnancy and the risk of adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review. Environ Int 2021; 156:106644. [PMID: 34030071 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal wildfire exposure (e.g., smoke, stress) has been associated with poor birth outcomes with effects potentially mediated through air pollution and psychosocial stress. Despite the recent hike in the intensity and frequency of wildfires in some regions of the world, a critical appraisal of the evidence on the association between maternal wildfire exposure and adverse birth outcomes has not yet been undertaken. We conducted a systematic review that evaluated the scientific evidence on the association between wildfire exposure during pregnancy and the risk of adverse birth outcomes. METHODS Comprehensive searches in nine bibliographic databases were conducted from database inception up to June 2020. Observational epidemiological studies that evaluated associations between exposure to wildfire during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes were eligible for inclusion. Studies were assessed using the National Toxicology Program's Office of Health Assessment and Translation (NTP OHAT) risk of bias tool and certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Screening of retrieved articles, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Study results were synthesized descriptively. RESULTS Eight epidemiological studies conducted in four countries and involving 1,702,252 births were included in the review. The exposure to wildfire during pregnancy was assessed in individual studies by measurement of PM2.5 (n = 2), PM10 (n = 1), Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)aerosol index (n = 1), heat spots (n = 1), and by proximity of maternal residence to wildfire-affected areas (n = 3). There is some evidence indicating that maternal wildfire exposure associates with birth weight reduction (n = 7) and preterm birth (n = 4), particularly when exposure to wildfire smoke occurred in late pregnancy. The association between wildfire exposure and small for gestational age (n = 2) and infant mortality (n = 1) was inconclusive. CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests that maternal exposure to wildfire during late pregnancy is linked to reduced birth weight and preterm birth. Well-designed comprehensive studies are needed to better understand the perinatal effects of wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Amjad
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, all in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dagmara Chojecki
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, all in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Maria B Ospina
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, all in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Serrano-Lomelin J, Hicks A, Kumar M, Johnson DW, Chari R, Osornio-Vargas A, Crawford S, Bakal J, Ospina MB. Patterns of respiratory health services utilization from birth to 5 years of children who experienced adverse birth outcomes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247527. [PMID: 33606848 PMCID: PMC7895380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adverse birth outcomes have important consequences for future lung health. We evaluated patterns of respiratory health services utilization in early childhood among children born preterm (PTB), small and large for gestational age at term (SGA and LGA, respectively), and appropriate-for-gestational age at term. Materials and methods We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using administrative health data of all singleton live births in Alberta, Canada between 2005–2010. Data on hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits from birth to 5 years were collected for asthma, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, croup, influenza, pneumonia, and other acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections (other URTI and other LRTI, respectively). Adjusted rate ratios were estimated for respiratory ED visits and hospitalizations for adverse birth outcomes using the appropriate-for-gestational age at term group as reference. Age-specific trajectories of total respiratory health services utilization rates for each group were estimated in Poisson models. Results A total of 293,764 episodes of respiratory care from 206,994 children were analyzed. Very PTB children had the highest rates of health services use for all respiratory conditions, particularly for asthma, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis hospitalizations. Moderate/late PTB children also had elevated ED visits and hospitalizations for all respiratory conditions. Children born SGA showed high rates of ED visits for other LRTI, and of hospitalizations for bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and other URTI. Children born LGA had high rates of croup and other URTI ED visits, and of bronchiolitis and bronchiolitis hospitalizations. Age-specific trajectories showed a decreasing trend in the rates of total respiratory health service utilization from birth to five years of age for all groups studied. Children born PTB and LGA at term significantly required more respiratory health services over time compared to the reference group. Conclusion Patterns of paediatric respiratory health services utilization vary according to gestational age and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Serrano-Lomelin
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anne Hicks
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David W. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Radha Chari
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alvaro Osornio-Vargas
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Maria B. Ospina
- Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Zhang C, Hicks A, Osornio-Vargas A, Brennan L, Hicks M, Hicks A. 104 House Rules and Clean Kids: The down-low on Tobacco. Paediatr Child Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxaa068.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Despite multiple published guidelines outlining the potential health risks caused by tobacco smoke, young children continue to be exposed to the detrimental effects of household smoking. Environmental factors also have the potential to influence levels of tobacco exposure in children. Many factors such as comfort can influence the decisions of smoking parents to smoke indoors, increasing potential harm for children. Understanding the correlation between various locations within the household and tobacco exposure is helpful in informing a harm reduction strategy for smokers. This project compared the location of reported tobacco use to detection of the nicotine byproduct cotinine in children’s urine samples.
Objectives
To determine the impact of smoking location on unintentional tobacco exposure in children.
Design/Methods
This prospective cross-sectional study focused on children under age ten, since 13% of Canadian children in grades 6 and up have tried a cigarette at least once. Of 286 parents approached during a pediatrician visit, 231 agreed to complete an exposure questionnaire and 132 children were able to provide a urine sample during the visit. A standard ELISA assay was used to measure urine cotinine.
Results
About half of the 31% of households that reported smoking had an indoor smoking ban. Some indoor smokers isolated their activity to the garage (56%). Of the 84 children with detectable urine cotinine, 62 lived in homes that reported smoking. This suggests that some children were exposed to tobacco smoke through other sources or the underestimation of potential tobacco exposure. Fifteen percent of children from smoking homes had cotinine levels similar to nonsmoking homes. Children of indoor smokers were more likely to have detectable cotinine than those of outdoor smokers.
Conclusion
Roughly 50% of smokers with children have an indoor smoking ban as a harm reduction strategy. In our study, children of smokers with an indoor smoking ban were less likely to have detectable urine cotinine. Although not smoking is the best strategy, limiting smoking to outside is an optimal harm mitigation strategy. For families with indoor smokers, encouraging them to isolate smoking to a single space like the garage may decrease unintentional pediatric exposure.
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Rowe S, Karkhaneh Z, MacDonald I, Chambers T, Amjad S, Osornio-Vargas A, Chari R, Kumar M, Ospina MB. Systematic review of the measurement properties of indices of prenatal care utilization. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:171. [PMID: 32183724 PMCID: PMC7079477 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-2822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An accurate assessment of the adequacy of prenatal care utilization is critical to inform the relationship between prenatal care and pregnancy outcomes. This systematic review critically appraises the evidence on measurement properties of prenatal care utilization indices and provides recommendations about which index is the most useful for this purpose. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science were systematically searched from database inception to October 2018 using keywords related to indices of prenatal care utilization. No language restrictions were imposed. Studies were included if they evaluated the reliability, validity, or responsiveness of at least one index of adequacy of prenatal care utilization. We used the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. We conducted an evidence synthesis using predefined criteria to appraise the measurement properties of the indices. Results From 2664 studies initially screened, 13 unique studies evaluated the measurement properties of at least one index of prenatal care utilization. Most of the indices of adequacy of prenatal care currently used in research and clinical practice have been evaluated for at least some form of reliability and/or validity. Evidence about the responsiveness to change of these indices is absent from these evaluations. The Adequacy Perinatal Care Utilization Index (APNCUI) and the Kessner Index are supported by moderate evidence regarding their reliability, predictive and concurrent validity. Conclusion The scientific literature has not comprehensively reported the measurement properties of commonly used indices of prenatal care utilization, and there is insufficient research to inform the choice of the best index. Lack of strong evidence about which index is the best to measure prenatal care utilization has important implications for tracking health care utilization and for formulating prenatal care recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Rowe
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zahra Karkhaneh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Isaiah MacDonald
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thane Chambers
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sana Amjad
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alvaro Osornio-Vargas
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Radha Chari
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria B Ospina
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,220B Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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7
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Amjad S, MacDonald I, Chambers T, Osornio-Vargas A, Chandra S, Voaklander D, Ospina MB. Social determinants of health and adverse maternal and birth outcomes in adolescent pregnancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2019; 33:88-99. [PMID: 30516287 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse outcomes in adolescent pregnancies have been attributed to both biological immaturity and social determinants of health (SDOH). The present systematic review evaluated the evidence on the association between SDOH and adverse maternal and birth outcomes in adolescent mothers. METHODS Comprehensive literature searches were conducted to identify observational studies evaluating the relationship between SDOH and adverse adolescent pregnancy outcomes. Study selection, risk of bias appraisal, and data extraction of study characteristics were independently performed by two reviewers. Pooled odds ratios (pOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to assess the association between SDOH and adverse birth outcomes. RESULTS Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently evaluated SDOH was race while the most commonly reported maternal and birth outcomes were caesarean section and preterm birth (PTB), respectively. The risk of bias of included studies was fair on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses of retrospective cohort studies showed that, compared to White adolescent mothers, African American teens had increased odds of PTB (pOR 1.67; 95% CI 1.59, 1.75) and low birthweight (pOR 1.53; 95% CI 1.45, 1.62). Rural residence was consistently linked with PTB while low maternal socio-economic (SES) and illiteracy were found to increase the risk of adolescent maternal mortality and LBW infants. CONCLUSION Social determinants of health contribute to the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in adolescent mothers. African American race, rural residence, inadequate education, and low SES are markers for poor pregnancy outcomes in adolescent mothers. Further research needs to be done to understand the underlying causal pathways to inequalities in adolescent pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Amjad
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Isaiah MacDonald
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thane Chambers
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Sujata Chandra
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Don Voaklander
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria B Ospina
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Aztatzi-Aguilar OG, Valdés-Arzate A, Debray-García Y, Calderón-Aranda ES, Uribe-Ramirez M, Acosta-Saavedra L, Gonsebatt ME, Maciel-Ruiz JA, Petrosyan P, Mugica-Alvarez V, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Osornio-Vargas A, Froines J, Kleinman MT, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A. Exposure to ambient particulate matter induces oxidative stress in lung and aorta in a size- and time-dependent manner in rats. Toxicology Research and Application 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847318794859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been implicated in oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation as underlying mechanisms of lung damage and cardiovascular alterations. PM is a chemical mixture that can be subdivided according to their aerodynamic size into coarse (CP), fine (FP), and ultrafine (UFP) particulates. We investigated, in a rat model, the induction of OxS (protein oxidation and antioxidant response), carcinogen-DNA adduct formation, and inflammatory mediators in lung in response to different airborne particulate fractions, CP, FP, and UFP, after an acute and subchronic exposure. In addition, OxS was evaluated in the aorta to assess the effects beyond the lungs. Exposure to CP, FP, and UFP induced time- and size-dependent lung protein oxidation and DNA adduct formation. After acute and subchronic exposure, nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf2) activation was observed in the lung, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and the induction of mRNA antioxidant enzymes in the FP and UFP groups, but not in the CP. Cytokine concentration of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 was significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after acute exposure to FP and UFP. Activation of Nrf2 and expression of mRNA antioxidant enzymes were observed only after the subchronic exposure to FP and UFP in the aorta. Our results indicate that FP and UFP were mainly accountable for the oxidant toxic effects in the lung; OxS is spread from the lung to the cardiovascular system. We conclude that the biological mechanisms associated with transient OxS and inflammation are particle size and time-dependent exposure resulting in acute lung injury, which later reaches the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- OG Aztatzi-Aguilar
- Cátedras-CONACYT
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX, Mexico
| | - A Valdés-Arzate
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - Y Debray-García
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - ES Calderón-Aranda
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - M Uribe-Ramirez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - L Acosta-Saavedra
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
| | - ME Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - JA Maciel-Ruiz
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - P Petrosyan
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - V Mugica-Alvarez
- Área de Química Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, CDMX, México
| | - MC Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, and Unidad de Medicina Traslacional UNAM/INCICH, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CDMX, México
| | - LE Gómez-Quiroz
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, and Unidad de Medicina Traslacional UNAM/INCICH, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CDMX, México
| | - A Osornio-Vargas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Froines
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - MT Kleinman
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A De Vizcaya-Ruiz
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CDMX, México
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Serrano-Lomelin J, Chari R, Hicks A, Johnson D, Crawford S, Bakal J, Osornio-Vargas A, Ospina M. Early Childhood Respiratory Morbidity and Health Services Utilization in Children Born Preterm or Small and Large for Gestational Age. Int J Popul Data Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v3i4.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAlterations in duration of gestation and fetal growth such as preterm birth (PTB) or small and large for gestational age (SGA, LGA) have long-term consequences on respiratory health. The risk of health services use for respiratory conditions in infants born PTB, SGA or LGA in Canada needs to be evaluated.
Objectives and ApproachWe evaluated the association between PTB, SGA and LGA and health services utilization for respiratory diseases in early childhood. We linked three administrative health databases to identify all singleton live births in Alberta between 2005-2010. We obtained data on the number of hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits in the first five years of life for acute upper respiratory infections, acute lower respiratory infections, wheezing disorders, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and influenza and pneumonia. Odds ratios (OR) of health services use for PTB, SGA, LGA were calculated adjusting for important covariates (e.g., maternal age, sex, socioeconomic status, total antepartum risk score).
ResultsThe cohort contained 206,994 infants of whom 9.1% were PTB, 8.5% were SGA and 9.4% were LGA. Babies born prematurely (PTB) were more likely to have a respiratory disease in the first five years of life than babies experienced fetal growth alterations (SGA or LGA). PTB increased significantly the odds of acute lower respiratory infections by 30 to 90%, of wheezing disorders by 40 to 70%, of influenza and pneumonia by 30 to 60%, and of acute upper respiratory infections by 10 to 50%. By contrast, SGA increased the odds of bronchopulmonary dysplasia by 3 to 300%, and LGA increased the odds of acute upper respiratory infections by 11 to 18% and of acute lower respiratory infections by 8 to 11%.
Conclusion/ImplicationsPrematurity and alterations in fetal growth are associated with increased hospital and ED admissions in early childhood. The patterns differ for PTB, SGA, and LGA. Linkage of administrative health data provides useful epidemiological evidence to inform the burden of early childhood respiratory diseases resulting from adverse birth outcomes.
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Rodriguez-Villamizar LA, Rosychuk RJ, Osornio-Vargas A, Villeneuve PJ, Rowe BH. Proximity to two main sources of industrial outdoor air pollution and emergency department visits for childhood asthma in Edmonton, Canada. Can J Public Health 2018; 108:e523-e529. [PMID: 29356659 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.108.6136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children are recognized to be more susceptible than healthy adults to the effects of air pollution; however, relatively few Canadian studies of children have focused on industrial emissions. We conducted a spatial cross-sectional study to explore associations between emergency department (ED) visits for childhood asthma and residential proximity to two industrial sources of air pollution (coal-fired power plant and petrochemical industry) in Edmonton, Canada. METHODS Using administrative health care data for Alberta between 2004 and 2010, we conducted a spatial analysis of disease clusters of count data around these two industrial sources. The distance from children's place of residence to these industrial sources was determined by using the six-character postal code from the children's ED visit. Clusters of cases were identified at the census dissemination area. Negative binomial multivariable spatial regression was used to estimate the risks of clusters in relation to the distance to these industrial sources. RESULTS The relative risk of ED visits for asthma, calculated using a spatial scan test for events, was 10.4 (p value <0.01) within the power plant area when compared with the outside area. In addition, there was an inverse association of the distance to the power plant (coefficient = -0.01 per km) with asthma visits when multivariable models were used. No asthma clusters were identified around the petrochemical industrial area. CONCLUSION Our analyses revealed that there was a cluster of ED visits for asthma among children who lived near the coal-fired power plant just outside Edmonton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Rodriguez-Villamizar
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB; Department of Public Health, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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11
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Bellinger C, Mohomed Jabbar MS, Zaïane O, Osornio-Vargas A. A systematic review of data mining and machine learning for air pollution epidemiology. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:907. [PMID: 29179711 PMCID: PMC5704396 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Data measuring airborne pollutants, public health and environmental factors are increasingly being stored and merged. These big datasets offer great potential, but also challenge traditional epidemiological methods. This has motivated the exploration of alternative methods to make predictions, find patterns and extract information. To this end, data mining and machine learning algorithms are increasingly being applied to air pollution epidemiology. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review on the application of data mining and machine learning methods in air pollution epidemiology. We carried out our search process in PubMed, the MEDLINE database and Google Scholar. Research articles applying data mining and machine learning methods to air pollution epidemiology were queried and reviewed. Results Our search queries resulted in 400 research articles. Our fine-grained analysis employed our inclusion/exclusion criteria to reduce the results to 47 articles, which we separate into three primary areas of interest: 1) source apportionment; 2) forecasting/prediction of air pollution/quality or exposure; and 3) generating hypotheses. Early applications had a preference for artificial neural networks. In more recent work, decision trees, support vector machines, k-means clustering and the APRIORI algorithm have been widely applied. Our survey shows that the majority of the research has been conducted in Europe, China and the USA, and that data mining is becoming an increasingly common tool in environmental health. For potential new directions, we have identified that deep learning and geo-spacial pattern mining are two burgeoning areas of data mining that have good potential for future applications in air pollution epidemiology. Conclusions We carried out a systematic review identifying the current trends, challenges and new directions to explore in the application of data mining methods to air pollution epidemiology. This work shows that data mining is increasingly being applied in air pollution epidemiology. The potential to support air pollution epidemiology continues to grow with advancements in data mining related to temporal and geo-spacial mining, and deep learning. This is further supported by new sensors and storage mediums that enable larger, better quality data. This suggests that many more fruitful applications can be expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Bellinger
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | | | - Osmar Zaïane
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Garcia E, Osornio-Vargas A. In vitro study of the interaction of particulate matter with human brain-derived astrocytes: Effect on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR/CYP1A1) pathway. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Falcon-Rodriguez C, García-Alonso L, Osornio-Vargas A, Manzano-León N, Rosas-Pérez I, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Segura-Medina P. Immunologic response to ozone and PM<2.5 from Mexico City in a Guinea pig asthma model. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Rodriguez-Villamizar LA, Berney C, Villa-Roel C, Ospina MB, Osornio-Vargas A, Rowe BH. The role of socioeconomic position as an effect-modifier of the association between outdoor air pollution and children's asthma exacerbations: an equity-focused systematic review. Rev Environ Health 2016; 31:297-309. [PMID: 27227707 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of socioeconomic position (SEP) as an effect modifier of the association between asthma exacerbations and outdoor air pollution remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify and summarize the evidence regarding SEP as an effect modifier of the association between asthma exacerbations and outdoor air pollution in children. METHODS We conducted searches in five electronic databases from January 1950 to June 2015 with no language restriction. Observational studies involving children, measuring any non-biological outdoor air pollutant exposure, resulting in any asthma-related health service use, and reporting measures of effect by individual or aggregated SEP measures were included. RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Five studies reported on hospitalizations, three on emergency department visits, one on ambulatory visits, and one on repeat hospital visits. Six studies identified differential effects of the effect of air pollution on asthma outcomes by SEP with stronger effects for children with a low SEP level; however, the analysis of interaction between air pollutants and SEP was significant in one study of asthma hospitalizations only. The differential effect was reported using individual and aggregated SEP measures. CONCLUSION This review reveals that there is weak evidence of SEP as an effect-modifier of the association between air pollution and children's asthma exacerbations. While stronger negative effects on asthma-related hospitalizations occur for children living in a lower SEP, the sample size of some of the original studies limited the statistical assessment of the modification effect.
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15
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Ngwezi D, Hornberger L, Serrano-Lomelin J, Fruitman D, Osornio-Vargas A. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICANT EMISSIONS AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN URBAN AND RURAL ALBERTA, CANADA. Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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16
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Chan E, Serrano J, Chen L, Stieb DM, Jerrett M, Osornio-Vargas A. Development of a Canadian socioeconomic status index for the study of health outcomes related to environmental pollution. BMC Public Health 2015. [PMID: 26215141 PMCID: PMC4517649 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health and potential modifier of the effects of environmental contaminants. There has been a lack of comprehensive indices for measuring overall SES in Canada. Here, a more comprehensive SES index is developed aiming to support future studies exploring health outcomes related to environmental pollution in Canada. Methods SES variables (n = 22, Census Canada 2006) were selected based on: cultural identities, housing characteristics, variables identified in Canadian environmental injustice studies and a previous deprivation index (Pampalon index). Principal component analysis with a single varimax rotation (factor loadings ≥ │60│) was performed on SES variables for 52974 census dissemination areas (DA). The final index was created by averaging the factor scores per DA according to the three components retained. The index was validated by examining its association with preterm birth (gestational age < 37 weeks), term low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g), small for gestational age (SGA, <10 percentile of birth weight for gestational age) and PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm) exposures in Edmonton, Alberta (1999–2008). Results Index values exhibited a relatively normal distribution (median = 0.11, mean = 0.0, SD = 0.58) across Canada. Values in Alberta tended to be higher than in Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories and Nunavut (Pearson chi-square p < 0.001 across provinces). Lower quintiles of our index and the Pampalon’s index confirmed know associations with a higher prevalence of LBW, SGA, preterm birth and PM2.5 exposure. Results with our index exhibited greater statistical significance and a more consistent gradient of PM2.5 levels and prevalence of pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions Our index reflects more dimensions of SES than an earlier index and it performed superiorly in capturing gradients in prevalence of pregnancy outcomes. It can be used for future research involving environmental pollution and health in Canada. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1992-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Jesus Serrano
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Li Chen
- Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - David M Stieb
- Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Michael Jerrett
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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17
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Rivera-González LO, Zhang Z, Sánchez BN, Zhang K, Brown DG, Rojas-Bracho L, Osornio-Vargas A, Vadillo-Ortega F, O’Neill MS. An assessment of air pollutant exposure methods in Mexico City, Mexico. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2015; 65:581-91. [PMID: 25947316 PMCID: PMC4670782 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2015.1020974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Geostatistical interpolation methods to estimate individual exposure to outdoor air pollutants can be used in pregnancy cohorts where personal exposure data are not collected. Our objectives were to a) develop four assessment methods (citywide average (CWA); nearest monitor (NM); inverse distance weighting (IDW); and ordinary Kriging (OK)), and b) compare daily metrics and cross-validations of interpolation models. We obtained 2008 hourly data from Mexico City's outdoor air monitoring network for PM10, PM2.5, O3, CO, NO2, and SO2 and constructed daily exposure metrics for 1,000 simulated individual locations across five populated geographic zones. Descriptive statistics from all methods were calculated for dry and wet seasons, and by zone. We also evaluated IDW and OK methods' ability to predict measured concentrations at monitors using cross validation and a coefficient of variation (COV). All methods were performed using SAS 9.3, except ordinary Kriging which was modeled using R's gstat package. Overall, mean concentrations and standard deviations were similar among the different methods for each pollutant. Correlations between methods were generally high (r=0.77 to 0.99). However, ranges of estimated concentrations determined by NM, IDW, and OK were wider than the ranges for CWA. Root mean square errors for OK were consistently equal to or lower than for the IDW method. OK standard errors varied considerably between pollutants and the computed COVs ranged from 0.46 (least error) for SO2 and PM10 to 3.91 (most error) for PM2.5. OK predicted concentrations measured at the monitors better than IDW and NM. Given the similarity in results for the exposure methods, OK is preferred because this method alone provides predicted standard errors which can be incorporated in statistical models. The daily estimated exposures calculated using these different exposure methods provide flexibility to evaluate multiple windows of exposure during pregnancy, not just trimester or pregnancy-long exposures. IMPLICATIONS Many studies evaluating associations between outdoor air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes rely on outdoor air pollution monitoring data linked to information gathered from large birth registries, and often lack residence location information needed to estimate individual exposure. This study simulated 1,000 residential locations to evaluate four air pollution exposure assessment methods, and describes possible exposure misclassification from using spatial averaging versus geostatistical interpolation models. An implication of this work is that policies to reduce air pollution and exposure among pregnant women based on epidemiologic literature should take into account possible error in estimates of effect when spatial averages alone are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis O. Rivera-González
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan; USA
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan; USA
| | - Brisa N. Sánchez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan; USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX; USA
| | - Daniel G. Brown
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; USA
| | | | | | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marie S. O’Neill
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan; USA
- Department of Epidemiology, of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan; USA
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Maheswaran D, Zeng Y, Chan-Yeung M, Scott J, Osornio-Vargas A, Becker AB, Kozyrskyj AL. Exposure to Beta-(1,3)-D-glucan in house dust at age 7-10 is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness and atopic asthma by age 11-14. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98878. [PMID: 24905346 PMCID: PMC4048218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mould exposure has been linked to childhood asthma and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Few studies have assessed beta-(1,3)-d-glucan (beta-glucan), a significant fungal cell wall constituent, in relation to asthma in adolescence. OBJECTIVE To determine whether house dust-derived beta-glucan exposure at age 7-10 is associated with the development and persistence of atopic and non-atopic asthma, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) by age 11-14. METHODS Dust samples were collected from the 1995 Study of Asthma, Genes, and Environment (SAGE) birth cohort. This cohort was derived from Manitoba provincial healthcare administrative records of children high and low risk for asthma. Samples were collected from the homes of 422 children at age 7-10 and analyzed using beta-glucan and endotoxin-specific Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate assays. Asthma, atopy, and BHR status of each child were also assessed at ages 7-10 and 11-14. RESULTS At age 7-10, beta-glucan dust levels in the home were associated with persistent atopic asthma at age 11-14 (OR 1.79 for each unit increase in levels, 95% CI 1.14-2.81), independent of endotoxin exposure, and Alternaria or Cladosporium sensitization. The likelihood of BHR almost doubled with unit increases in dust beta-glucan in asthmatic children. In children without asthma, exposure to high beta-glucan levels at age 7-10 also elevated risk for BHR in adolescence (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.05-2.89). New-onset atopic asthma was twice more likely following high beta-glucan exposure in children without asthma but the association did not reach statistical significance. No associations were evident with concurrent asthma phenotype at age 7-10 or non-atopic asthma at age 11-14. CONCLUSION These findings implicate home beta-glucan exposure at school-age as a risk factor for persistent atopic asthma and new-onset BHR. The higher prevalence of BHR in urban adolescents may be propagated by this home exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharini Maheswaran
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yiye Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Moira Chan-Yeung
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - James Scott
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
| | - Alvaro Osornio-Vargas
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Allan B. Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anita L. Kozyrskyj
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Snow SJ, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A, Osornio-Vargas A, Thomas RF, Schladweiler MC, McGee J, Kodavanti UP. The effect of composition, size, and solubility on acute pulmonary injury in rats following exposure to Mexico city ambient particulate matter samples. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2014; 77:1164-82. [PMID: 25119738 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.917445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM)-associated metals can contribute to adverse cardiopulmonary effects following exposure to air pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate how variation in the composition and size of ambient PM collected from two distinct regions in Mexico City relates to toxicity differences. Male Wistar Kyoto rats (14 wk) were intratracheally instilled with chemically characterized PM10 and PM2.5 from the north and PM10 from the south of Mexico City (3 mg/kg). Both water-soluble and acid-leachable fractions contained several metals, with levels generally higher in PM10 South. The insoluble and total, but not soluble, fractions of all PM induced pulmonary damage that was indicated by significant increases in neutrophilic inflammation, and several lung injury biomarkers including total protein, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and γ-glutamyl transferase activity 24 and 72 h postexposure. PM10 North and PM2.5 North also significantly decreased levels of the antioxidant ascorbic acid. Elevation in lung mRNA biomarkers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-2), oxidative stress (heme oxygenase [HO]-1, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor [LOX]-1, and inducibile nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]), and thrombosis (tissue factor [TF] and plasminogen activator inhibitor [PAI]-1), as well as reduced levels of fibrinolytic protein tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), further indicated pulmonary injury following PM exposure. These responses were more pronounced with PM10 South (PM10 South > PM10 North > PM2.5 North), which contained higher levels of redox-active transition metals that may have contributed to specific differences in selected lung gene markers. These findings provide evidence that surface chemistry of the PM core and not the water-soluble fraction played an important role in regulating in vivo pulmonary toxicity responses to Mexico City PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Snow
- a Curriculum in Toxicology , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
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20
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Ngwezi DP, Hornberger LK, Saretsky B, Chandra S, Fruitman D, Osornio-Vargas A. Congenital Heart Disease and the Emission of Developmental Toxicants in Alberta, Canada. Can J Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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21
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O'Neill MS, Osornio-Vargas A, Buxton MA, Sánchez BN, Rojas-Bracho L, Castillo-Castrejon M, Mordhukovich IB, Brown DG, Vadillo-Ortega F. Air pollution, inflammation and preterm birth in Mexico City: study design and methods. Sci Total Environ 2013. [PMID: 23177781 PMCID: PMC3594336 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is one of the leading causes of perinatal mortality and is associated with long-term adverse health consequences for surviving infants. Preterm birth rates are rising worldwide, and no effective means for prevention currently exists. Air pollution exposure may be a significant cause of prematurity, but many published studies lack the individual, clinical data needed to elucidate possible biological mechanisms mediating these epidemiological associations. This paper presents the design of a prospective study now underway to evaluate those mechanisms in a cohort of pregnant women residing in Mexico City. We address how air quality may act together with other factors to induce systemic inflammation and influence the duration of pregnancy. Data collection includes: biomarkers relevant to inflammation in cervico-vaginal exudate and peripheral blood, along with full clinical information, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms and air pollution data to evaluate spatial and temporal variability in air pollution exposure. Samples are collected on a monthly basis and participants are followed for the duration of pregnancy. The data will be used to evaluate whether ambient air pollution is associated with preterm birth, controlling for other risk factors. We will evaluate which time windows during pregnancy are most influential in the air pollution and preterm birth association. In addition, the epidemiological study will be complemented with a parallel toxicology invitro study, in which monocytic cells will be exposed to air particle samples to evaluate the expression of biomarkers of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie S O'Neill
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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22
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Buka I, Osornio-Vargas A, Clark B. Food additives, essential nutrients and neurodevelopmental behavioural disorders in children: A brief review. Paediatr Child Health 2012; 16:e54-6. [PMID: 22851902 DOI: 10.1093/pch/16.7.e54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, changing lifestyles in Canadian homes has led to demand for foods with long shelf lives that are cosmetically appealing, palatable, easy to prepare and to consume. Food additives, especially preservatives and artificial colours as well as suboptimal intake of essential nutrients, have been linked to hyperactive behaviours and poor attention in a subgroup of children. Although other risk factors (ie, genetic, etc) for these conditions have received more attention in the scientific literature, the authors believe that there is enough evidence to consider dietary influences as a modifiable risk factor. This would involve raising awareness among clinicians and, subsequently, reviewing food regulatory processes to better protect children in Canada - similar to the regulations recently undertaken by the British Food Standards Agency. Conflicts of interest due to food and medication industry support for organizations advocating for children would need to be resolved by open communication between government regulatory agencies, academia and industry. Canadian parents and children need to be advised to limit unnecessary food additives and consume a diet rich in essential nutrients while more complete relationships are being explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Buka
- Pediatric Environmental Health Centre, Misericordia Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
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23
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Buka I, Osornio-Vargas A, Walker R. Canada declares bisphenol A a 'dangerous substance': Questioning the safety of plastics. Paediatr Child Health 2011; 14:11-3. [PMID: 19436577 DOI: 10.1093/pch/14.1.11a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Buka
- Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
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Buka I, Osornio-Vargas A, Karr C. Melamine food contamination: Relevance to Canadian children. Paediatr Child Health 2010; 14:222-4. [PMID: 20357919 DOI: 10.1093/pch/14.4.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Buka
- Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, Misericordia Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
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Osornio-Vargas A, Buka I, Serrano J, Palma M, Klakowicz P, Stobart K. Children’s Cancer and Carcinogens in Alberta: A Mapping Pilot Study. Epidemiology 2009. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000362486.64290.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Ruíz-Godoy L, Rizo Rios P, Sánchez Cervantes F, Osornio-Vargas A, García-Cuellar C, Meneses García A. Mortality due to lung cancer in Mexico. Lung Cancer 2007; 58:184-90. [PMID: 17659812 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The highest mortality due to cancer worldwide for both genders corresponds to lung cancer (1,179,000 deaths). In Mexico, the crude mortality rate due to lung cancer was of 5.01 per 10(5) inhabitants in 1979. The most important risk factor is smoking. The present study was aimed at analyzing the mortality due to lung cancer in Mexico, assessing data from each of the states constituting the Mexican Republic during the 1998-2004 period. Data were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI, for its initials in Spanish) corresponding to deaths due to lung cancer (1998-2004). We estimated the mean annual mortality rate (MAMR) for each of the 32 states of Mexico. We used the "World Population Standard". The MAMR was standardized according to age (ARS) direct method, and the standard error was determined by Poisson's approximation at a 95% confidence interval. To know the excess risk due to mortality, we calculated the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of ARS for each federal state, using the national rate as reference. In this period, 397,400 deaths due to malignant neoplasms were recorded, corresponding 45,578 (11.5%) to lung cancer; for men, 31,025 (68.1%) with MAMR of 8.9 and the respective ARS of 13.2 both x10(5) inhabitants. For women, results were 4553 (31.9%) deaths with MAMR of 4.1 and ARS of 5.4 both x10(5) inhabitants. The highest mortality rates due to lung cancer in both genders were observed in the north of Mexico, whereas for women this was observed in the central states. Although smoking is the main risk for lung cancer, there are other factors such as environmental pollution or exposure to toxicants that could be associated to this cancer. The years potentially lost due to lung cancer were 258,550 for men and 133,315 for women, with a total of 391,865 according to histopathology registry neoplasm malignant RHNM (1985-1995). Studies focused on the characterization and measurement of polluting agents would be a good start to determine the level of participation of air pollution in the development of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ruíz-Godoy
- Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México, Mexico
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Bagate K, Meiring JJ, Gerlofs-Nijland ME, Cassee FR, Wiegand H, Osornio-Vargas A, Borm PJA. Ambient particulate matter affects cardiac recovery in a Langendorff ischemia model. Inhal Toxicol 2006; 18:633-43. [PMID: 16864554 DOI: 10.1080/08958370600742706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity among subjects with cardiovascular impairment. We hypothesized that exposure of spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats to PM impairs the recovery of cardiovascular performance after coronary occlusion and reperfusion-ischemia. SH rats were exposed by intratracheal instillation to saline, standard urban PM (Ottawa dust EHC-93, 10 mg/kg body weight) or endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides LPS, 350 EU/animal) to induce a similar pulmonary inflammation. At 4 h postexposure, hearts were isolated and retrograde perfused in a Langendorff model. The experimental protocol included 35 min of coronary occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion, during which left ventricular developing pressure (LDVP), coronary flow (CF), and heart rate (HR) were measured. Baseline LVDP in particle-instilled SH rats was significantly decreased compared to saline-instilled animals. In addition, after ischemia the recovery of LDVP was much slower in rats pretreated with PM or LPS compared to saline instilled rats. The direct effects of the soluble PM fraction and the role of Zn2+ were also tested cardiomyocytes (H9C2 cells). Both particle-free filtrate and Zn2+ inhibited ATP or ionophore-stimulated calcium influx in cardiomyocytes. This inhibitory effect was related to an effect on calcium channels, as shown with Nifedipine. This study provides evidence that exposure to instillation of PM has reversible acute effects on the recovery of cardiac physiological parameters after ischemia. The effect may be caused by a direct action of soluble metals on calcium homeostasis in heart, but pulmonary inflammation may also play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bagate
- Particle Research, Institut fur Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF gGmhH) at the University of Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
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28
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Keesee SK, Marchese J, Meneses A, Potz D, Garcia-Cuellar C, Szaro RP, Solorza G, Osornio-Vargas A, Mohar A, de la Garza JG, Wu YJ. Human cervical cancer-associated nuclear matrix proteins. Exp Cell Res 1998; 244:14-25. [PMID: 9770344 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1998.4202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear matrix is the nonchromatin protein structural component of the nucleus that governs nuclear shape and also exerts regulatory control over higher order gene organization. Recent studies have documented the presence of tumor-associated nuclear matrix proteins in several human cancers. We used high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to compare nuclear matrix protein patterns in cervical carcinomas with those from normal cervical tissue. Tumors obtained from 20 patients undergoing hysterectomy for clinically localized cervical cancer were compared with normal cervical tissue. We have identified five polypeptides (CvC-1: Mr = 69,408 Da, pI = 5. 78; CvC-2: Mr = 53,752 Da, pI = 5.54; CvC-3: Mr = 47,887 Da, pI = 5. 60; CvC-4: Mr = 46,006 Da, pI = 5.07; and CvC-5: Mr = 44,864 Da, pI = 6.61) in the nuclear matrix from cervical carcinomas that were present in 20 of 20 cervical tumors but 0 of 10 normal tissues. These data extend similar findings of cancer-associated nuclear matrix proteins in other human cancers and suggest that nuclear matrix proteins may represent a new class of cancer markers that could aid the diagnosis or management of some types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Keesee
- Matritech, Inc., 330 Nevada Street, Newton, Massachusetts, 02160, USA.
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29
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Bonner J, Lindroos P, Coin P, Badgett A, Osornio-Vargas A. IL-1β and LPS mediate fibroblast hyperplasia through modulation of the PDGF receptor system. Cytokine 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/1043-4666(94)90111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Suchil-Bernal L, Ponce de León-Rosales S, Osornio-Vargas A. Application of an autopsy report specifically designed for cardiovascular diseases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1994; 118:71-8. [PMID: 8285836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
After modifying the format and content of the autopsy report traditionally used at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología of México, Tlalpan, we present the results of the new, revised autopsy protocol here. The new autopsy protocol (model report) was designed as a "fixed format" to describe the cardiovascular diseases observed at our institution, thus pretending to collect more and better data, providing useful information, and contributing to better clinicopathologic correlations. The comparison between the model and traditional reports demonstrated an improvement in the autopsy data collection system--achieving better clinicopathologic correlations of the main disease and the cause of death, and identifying morphologic alterations that would explain it in more cases. The model report was also considered more accessible and useful since it permitted the answering of more questions raised by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Suchil-Bernal
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, División de Investigación, México City, Tlalpan
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Abstract
A variety of silicotic lesions derived from thoracic silicosis via lymphohematogenous spread to the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and extrathoracic lymph nodes are described. The morphologic features of these lesions depend on the extent of macrophage aggregation, the occurrence of fibrogenesis, and the development of necrosis and degradative changes in macrophages and adjacent extracellular matrix, presumably caused by lysosomal enzymes released from macrophages. Ultrastructurally, the degenerative alterations of matrix material include longitudinal splitting and breakage of collagen fibrils into segments one and three quarters the length of the original fibrils and deposition of flocculent electron-dense material either focally or diffusely around collagen fibrils. The corresponding changes viewed light microscopically are those of fibrinoid necrosis. The sclerohyaline nodule, the characteristic lesion of silicosis, includes all of these features as it evolves through nodular histiocytic and subsequent fibrohistiocytic phases. Its ultimate morphology appears to be determined by the reassembly of the degraded matrix into non-native, fibrous long-spacing collagen via a spiny collagen intermediary. The sclerohyaline nodule occurs infrequently in the spleen and liver, although less typical lesions caused by silica alone or admixed with other dusts seem to occur more commonly in these organs. These lesions appeared as loose or nodular histiocytic or fibrohistiocytic aggregates. Nonspecific fibrous nodules or more extensive fibrosis, as seen in portal triads, may represent advanced stages of such lesions. Acute or healed focal segmental glomerulonephritis occurred in 40 per cent of the cases, suggesting that it may be an important remote effect of silicosis. Continuous destruction of lymphocytes adjacent to silicotic nodules may be an antigenic source of the high concentration of autoimmune reactants described in silicosis.
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Salinas-Madrigal L, Osornio-Vargas A, Medrano G. [Experimental reevaluation of myocardial ondulations in the early histological diagnosis of myocardial infarct]. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex 1979; 49:908-18. [PMID: 547900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This investigation was undertaken in order to experimentally reassess the value of myocardial waviness and stretching as early histological indicators of acute myocardial infarction. Twenty three dogs were subjected to periods of ischemia, from 30 minutes to 4 hours; wavy fibers were present in 87% and 91% of the ischemic and non-ischemic samples respectively. It is concluded that myocardial fiber waviness lacks significance as an indicator or early myocardial infarction, whose diagnosis remains a major challenge.
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